Tom Ndahiro

Ibi Tom Ndahiro yabivugiye mu Karere ka Nyanza ku wa 26 Mata 2026, mu kwibuka ku nshuro ya 32 Abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, igikorwa cyabereye mu Murenge wa Busasamana ahari urwibutso rw’Akarere.

Tom Ndahiro yavuze ko hari abantu batagiye muri Jenoside imbonankubone, ariko ugasanga hari amagambo bavuze cyangwa inyandiko basize, byose bikagira uruhare mu gucengeza amatwara yaganishije kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Mu ngero Ndahiro atanga harimo iz’abakiriho, hakaba n’amagambo yavuzwe n’abatakirho, ariko byose bigahurira ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Tom Ndahiro ati “Ikintu gikwiye gukorwa mu nzibutso, by’umwihariko inzibutso eshatu dufite cyane cyane urwibutso rwa Kigali, ni uko abahakanyi tuzi, bahakana Jenoside, amafoto yabo akwiye kujya mu rwibutso nk’abicanyi kuko ntaho batandukaniye.”

Tom Ndahiro yatanze urugero rw’umwanditsi Charles Onana wandika ibitabo bihakana ku mugaragaro Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Charles Onana

Ndahiro ati “Ibitekerezo bye yabivanye muri Kangura. Mu gitabo cye cyitwa ngo ‘Ces tueurs Tutsis’ (abo bicanyi b’Abatutsi). Hari igice yateruye muri Kangura nomero ya kane urupapuro rwa Kabiri n’urwa gatatu abishyira mu gitabo cye avuga ngo ni ubushakashatsi yakoze, kandi mu magambo adasobana. Uwo muntu agomba kujya iruhade rwa Ngeze Hassan mu rwibutso bakajya babana. Bityo abazasura urwibutso bakabona ko hari umwicanyi ukiriho utaranafunzwe.”

Umushakashatsi Tom Ndahiro yatanze n’urugero rwa Makuza Anastase, umunyapolitike wo muri Repubulika ya mbere wari Minisitiri w’Uburezi wigeze kuganira na televiziyo yo mu Bufaransa ariko ari mu Rwanda mu 1964 avuga ko Abatutsi atari Abanyarwanda, ko igihugu ari icy’Abahutu.

Ndahiro ati “Mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamagabe hakwiye kubamo ifoto ya Makuza Anastase, kimwe n’abakoze jenoside barimo ba Nkeramugaba, kimwe n’abo muri 94, na bo bakaba aho ngaho abantu bakabiga bakabamenya. Kuko nta mpamvu y’uko abo bantu bakomeza kuvugwa mu magambo gusa, niba hari ikiganiro Makuza yatanze akagiha u Bufaransa mu kwezi kwa 04/1964. Fata ubugome burimo ubwandike bushyirwe mu rwibutso, abazajya basura basome n’icyaha cyakozwe.”

Muri icyo kiganiro gikunze kugarukwaho cyane mu mateka y’ubuyobozi bubi bwaranze u Rwanda guhera mu 1959 kugeza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Makuza Anastase agaragara asubiza umunyamakuru wari umubajije ku banyeshuri b’Abatutsi bishwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda, Makuza akamusubiza avuga ko Abatutsi atari Abanyarwanda.

Makuza Anastase

Makuza yaragize ati “u Rwanda rutuwe n’amako atatu atandukanye ari yo: Abahutu bagera kuri 85%, hakaba Abatutsi b’aba Hamites bagera kuri 14%, n’Abatwa b’impunyu bari kuri 1%. Uko amateka yacu atubwira, nyamuke y’Abatutsi igera kuri 14% gusa, yakoronije nyamwinshi y’Abahutu ari na bo mu by’ukuri twakwita Abanyarwanda nyakuri.”

Iri jambo rinagarukwaho na Minisitiri w’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu, Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène, nk’imwe mu mbarutso zabitsemo Abahutu urwango rwagejeje kuri Jenoside.

Dr Bizimana ati “Aha rero karabaye, ngaha aho ruzingiye, kuvuga ngo ba nyamuke b’Abatutsi, ba kavamahanga baraje batera igihugu cy’Abahutu ari bo Banyarwanda nyakuri. Uyu ubivuga ni umuntu wize wagombye kuba urumuri rw’abaturage,

N’abandi bahutu benshi bize ni uko batekerezaga. Ko igihugu ari icy’Abahutu. Ni aha byapfiriye. Umuntu adashatse kubyumvira hano, ntabwo ushobora kumva uko Interahamwe zavutse, zikaza zikica, zikagira urwango……ugomba kujya muri iyi ngengabitekerezo ntangiriro.”

Mu 2019, ubutabera bwo mu Bufaransa bwahamije Charles Onana icyaha cyo guhakana Jenoside mu gitabo cye yise "Rwanda, la vérité sur l’opération Turquoise: Quand les archives parlent."

Déo Mazina, Umuyobozi wa RESIRG asbl

Ubu butumwa, RESIRG ibushyize ahagaragara mu gihe u Rwanda n’isi bibuka ku nshuro ya 32 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994.

RESIRG yavuze ko kugeza ubu amahoro yagarutse mu Rwanda, ariko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bikikije u Rwanda, kwanga no kugirira nabi Abatutsi biracyakomeje, nk’aho nta somo ibyo bihugu byakuye ku mateka.

RESIRG ikomeza ivuga ko ibintu nk’ibyo, byerekana uburyo imvugo y’urwango n’urugomo, no kuvangura bishingiye ku moko, bibangamira ubumwe n’ubworoherane.

Kandi ikibabaje nk’uko urugaga RESIRG rukomeza rubivuga, ni uko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’inzangano atari bishyashya, ikindi kandi urugero n’ingaruka zabyo bikaba bikomeje kwiyongera bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, imbuga nkoranyambaga, n’ubwenge buhangano.

Kubera iyo mpamvu rero, urugaga mpuzamahanga rw’abashakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi (RESIRG asbl) rwafashe ingamba zo gushimangira akamaro k’imirimo y’ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, mu rwego rwo gusobanura neza ibyayo no gufata ingamba zo kuyikumira.

RESIRG yiyemeje kandi kugira uruhare rugaragara mu guteza imbere gahunda z’uburezi, nk’uko biteganyijwe n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burezi UNESCO, ribyibutsa rigira riti: ‘Kuko intambara zivukira mu bitekerezo by’abagore n’abagabo, ni mu bitekerezo by’abo bagore n’abagabo hagomba kubakirwa inkingi z’amahoro’. Uburezi bufite uruhare runini mu guhangana n’ihohoterwa, no kugira uruhare mu muco w’amahoro ushingiye ku kubahana no kwubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu.

RESIRG ishimangira ko uwo murimo w’uburezi ugomba no kuzirikana uruhare rwo kwibuka, cyane cyane ku bavutse nyuma ya Jenoside, ariko bagakomeza guhura n’ibibazo by’ihungabana. Ni ngombwa gusesengura no gusobanukirwa n’ingaruka ziterwa no guhererekanya iryo hungabana mu bisekuru n’ibisekuruza.

Kugira ngo kwibuka bihore bijyanishwa no kwiyubaka, urugaga RESIRG rufite intego yo gukomeza igikorwa cyo gushakisha ukuri, kwita ku burezi no kumenya ibikorwa bitandukanye bigendanye n’ibyaha byakozwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ibi bibaye nyuma y’uko ushinzwe imishyikirano ku ruhande rwa Ukraine abonanye n’intumwa za Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Donald Trump i Geneve mu Busuwisi, mu biganiro ku ngamba zo gusana Ukraine nyuma y’intambara.

Abashinzwe imishyikirano mu ntambara y’u Burusiya na Ukraine kandi barimo gutegura icyiciro cya gatatu cy’ibiganiro biyobowe na Amerika bigamije gushyira akadomo ku ntambara imaze imyaka irenga ine, ibyo biganiro by’inyabutatu bikaba birimo n’u Burusiya .

Mbere gato y’uko ibiganiro bya Geneva biba, u Burusiya bwohereje indege zitwara (drones) 420 n’ibisasu biremereye (missiles) 39 ahantu hatandatu hatandukanye muri Ukraine, bikomeretsa abantu babarirwa muri mirongo, nk’uko byemejwe na perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky.

Vladimir Medinsky, umujyanama mukuru wa Perezida w’u Burusiya, Vladimir Putin, yatangaje iby’ihererekanya ry’iyo mibiri mu butumwa yashyize kuri Telegram. Nta makuru yisumbuyeho yatanze, ariko yashyizeho ifoto yerekana abantu barimo kururutsa imibiri bayivana mu ikamyo.

Nyuma y’amasaha macye, Ukraine na yo yemeje ko yakiriye imibiri 1,000 y’abasirikare bayo biciwe mu ntambara, nk’uko byari byanemejwe n’u Burusiya .

Impande zombi zimaze guhererekanya imibiri ibarirwa mu bihumbi mu gihe cy’ubushyamirane bwatangijwe n’icyemezo cya Perezida Putin cyo gushoza urugamba kuri Ukraine ku itariki 24 Gashyantare 2022.

Uyu muhango, ni ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro, ndetse ni umuhango ushingiye ku muco w’intwari wo hambere ugamije guha icyubahiro abapfuye, gufata mu mugongo abasigaye, no kwibutsa sosiyete igiciro cy’ubwitange.

Bifite imizi y’igihe kirekire n’ikimenyetso gikomeye, kandi nubwo bigaragara nk’ibidasanzwe, si urugomo ahubwo ni umuhango w’icyubahiro, guherekeza, no kwibuka ugiye.

Imyemerere y’igihe cya kera n’iya none

Mu mico y’abakurambere, intwari zajyaga zifata ko kuasa mu kirere, cyane cyane bikomoka ku ntwaro, rufasha umwuka w’uwo wapfuye kugera mu buruhukiro, bukaba n’uburyo bwo guhinda imyuka mibi.

Mu mico ya kera bakoreshaga gutera amacumu mu kirere, ubundi bakarasa imyambi, ariko nyuma haza gutangira uburyo bwo kurasa hejuru bakoresheje imbunda za kizungu.

Mu muco w’ingabo za none, kurasa mu kirere ni ishimwe, bisa no kumanura ibendera.

Nikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro n’ubutwari kandi bigaragaza ko umurimo wa nyuma w’umusirikare warangiye. Biranerekana kandi ko umuntu atapfuye ubusa.

Mu gihe cyagiye gihita, iyi mihango yahindutse ibyo ingabo nyinshi ubu zitanga nk’“ishimwe ry’imbunda” rifite amasasu atatu.

Impamvu y’amasasu atatu

Mu ngabo nyinshi (by’umwihariko iz’i Buryai), ishimwe ryo kurasa amasasu atatu ni umuco wakwiriye hose.

Mu bihe bya kera iyo impande ebyiri zabaga zihanganye, hari aho intambara yageraga igahagarara kugira ngo kugirango buri ruhande rufate abaguye ku rugamba babo. Amasasu atatu yagaragazaga ko abapfuye babonetse kandi ko ingabo ziteguye kongera intambara.

Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, ayo masasu atatu yaje kuba ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro, kurangiza neza, no kwitanga.

Mu bice bya Afurika, Uburengerazuba bwo hagati n’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, kurasa mu kirere mu gihe cyo gushyingura bifite ibisobanuro by’ingabo n’umuco:

– Bivuga ko uwapfuye ari intwari
– Bihamya ku mugaragaro ubutwari n’ubudahemuka
– Bitanga ubutumwa ko umuryango ukomeye kandi witeguye

Mu matsinda y’abasirikare cyangwa inyeshyamba, bishobora kandi gushimangira ubumwe no gukotana.

Naho rero mu buryo bwa kimuntu, ni ikimenyetso cyo kuvuga agahinda mu buryo bwa gitwari, aho kuba mu buryo bwo guceceka. Muri macye ni nk’uburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvuga ngo “Wararwanye, noen tuguhaye icyubahiro, ruhuka."

Ibi kandi byibutsa abasigaye ikiguzi gikomeye cy’intambara

Uko amategeko ya none abiteganya

Uyu munsi, ibihugu byinshi byabujije cyangwa byahagaritse kurasa hejuru kubera impungenge z’umutekano. Bityo, kurasa umwuka ni yo akoreshwa, nabwo kandi ugasanga ari ikintu kigenzurwa cyane. Ahandi rero, kurasa hejuru bisimbuzwa kuvuza ingoma, akarumbeti cyangwa se indirimbo.

Amadini amwe ntiyemera kurasa mu kirere mu gihe cyo gushyingura kubera ko bihabanye n’imyemerere yabo, imyitwarire, n’ukuntu bafata urupfu. Impamvu si umutekano gusa, ahubwo ni n’uburyo baba bumva urupfu rutinyitse.

Andi madini muri rusange abyanga avuga ko intwaro aro ibimenyetso by’urugomo, kandi icyubahiro nyacyo kigaragarira mu isengesho, kwihangana, no kwita ku bazima.

Amadini avuga ko hakwiye kubaho icyubahiro cy’ubuzima no kwirnda kurwanya abandi, akigisha ko intwaro ari ibikoresho by’ubugome, kandi kuzikoresha mu bihe by’icyubahiro nko gushyingura bihumanya icyubahiro cy’umuhango w’urupfu.

Ubukristo (amatorero menshi) bushimangira amahoro, kwicisha bugufi, no gusenga mu gihe cyo gupfa. “Amahoro abarokora niyo y’agaciro” (Matayo 5:9). Bityo, ku Bakristo, kurasa bihabanye no gushyira intwaro hasi imbere y’Imana.

Hari n’abiubutsa ko urupfu ari igihe cyo gutuza no kwitekerezaho. Mwene ayo madini, yigisha ko urupfu rusaba umudendezo w’icyubahiro, aho kuba urusaku cyangwa urugomo. Nko muri Islam, urugendo rwo gushyingura rugomba kuba rutuje, bityo imihango ikomeye, kuririmba cyane, cyangwa kurasa birabujijwe (makruh cyangwa haram).

Muhammad ufatwa nk’umukuru wa Islam ngo yaba yaravuze ko uwitabye Imana agomba guhabwa icyubahiro no gushyingurwa vuba.

Aha rero, kurasa babifata nk’ibyishimo cyangwa kwishyira hejuru, bigatuma kwibuka Imana (dhikr) bitibandwaho.

Amadini amwe yigisha ko urupfu ruringaniza abantu bose. Kurasa ngo bishobora kuzamura umuntu umwe nk’“intwari” hejuru y’abandi, kandi amadini amwe nka Islam ashimangira ko icyubahiro gitangwa n’ukwizera n’ibikorwa, si imyanya cyangwa intwaro.

AI irimo kwirukana abakozi irakaye cyane

Ku bwanjye, nsanga AI idashobora gusimbura ukuboko n’ubwenge bya muntu, ahubwo bufasha mu kongera umusaruro, bukunganira abakozi, ariko ntibushobora gukuraho inshingano umuntu asabwa mu kazi.

Ubwenge bwa muntu burakenewe mu gufata ibyemezo, mu kugenzura, mu guhanga udushya no mu gukemura ibibazo bikomeye. AI yo ihabwa gukora imirimo isaba akazi kisubiramo kandi iremereye ku bijyanye n’amakuru, ikareka abakozi bagakora imirimo ifite agaciro gakomeye kurushaho. Ingero:

–  Guhanga ugushya n’ubwenge bwa muntu: Imashini zirusha abantu kumenya ibimenyetso no gukora ibintu byikora, ariko guhanga udushya, gusabana no gukorana n’abandi no gufata ibyemezo by’ubutabera, ibi ni ibintu bikomeye bishoborwa n’ubwenge bwa mu muntu.

–  Imibanire y’abantu: Imirimo ishingiye ku kwizerana, ubwenge bwo mu mibanire, cyangwa guhuza abantu (abarimu, abajyanama, abayobozi) iragoye cyane kuyishyira mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

–  Ubutabera n’inshingano: N’ubwo AI ishobora gukora imirimo runaka, abantu ni bo bazahorana uruhare rwa mbere mu kubazwa inshingano n’ubutabera.

Ku rundi ruhande rero, Ubwenge Buhangano (AI) bushobora gusimbura cyangwa kunganira imbaraga z’abantu mu mirimo isubirwamo kenshi. Ingero:
• Imirimo yo mu nganda,
• Kwandika amakuru,
• Ubwikorezi,
• Serivisi z’abakiriya, aho ibintu byinshi bigenda bikorwa mu buryo bw’uruhererekane butibeshya, hifashishijwe amakuru yinjinzwa mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.

AI ifite ubushobozi bwo gufasha abaganga gusuzuma indwara, abanyamategeko gusesengura imanza, n’abanyabugenge gutegura ibisubizo vuba. Ishobora no gutunganya amakuru menshi mu masegonda macye cyane, mu buryo umuntu adashoboye.

Mu bihe biri imbere ntabwo mbona Isi aho AI ihanganye na muntu nk’abakeba, ahubwo wenda hazaba Isi ishingiye ku bwuzuzanye bwa AI na Muntu.

Muri macye, abantu bashobora gushishoza, guhanga udushya no gutanga ubutabera, mu gihe AI itanga umuvuduko wo kwihutisha ubukungu, n’ubushobozi bwo gusesengura no gukoresha amakuru menshi akenewe mu iterambere.

Bityo rero, n’ubwo AI idashobora gusimbura burundu imbaraga za muntu, ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzihindura rwose. Ni yo mpamvu tugomba gufata AI nk’ihindurabikorwa aho kuba isimburabikorwa. Bityo rero, aho kugira ubwoba ko AI izadusimbura mu gihe kizaza, dukomeze tugendane na yo tumenye kuyikoresha, kandi twibuke ko yaremwe n’abantu kugira ngo ikoreshwe n’abantu.

Manihura Stanislas n’umugore we, ababyeyi ba Adela Mukasine

Amakuru dufite ni uko Orchestre Umubano yayivanye mu gitabo cyanditswe na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami wayanditse ahereye ku ndirimbo yumvanye abaturage bari bazi Mukasine ariko ayandika yumva ko ari kwa kundi abaturage bahimbaga indirimbo byo kwinezeza gusa kandi nyamara hari harimo gusebanya. Orchestre Umubano nayo iyishyize mu bicurangisho ikuramo amazina amwe n’amwe kugira ngo bazimize.

Mu by’ukuri Adela Mukasine ni umukobwa wa Manihura Stanislas wari wungirije umutware (sous-chef) wo mu gace kahoze kitwa Budaha na Nyantango gaherereye mu karere ka Ngororero, ku gasozi kitwa i Kigali cya Manihura (kitiriwe se Manihura Stanislas), nk’uko byemezwa na Manihura Herman, musaza wa Adela Mukasine.

Ubwo KT Radio yasuraga Manihura Herman akaganira na Bisangwa Nganji Benjamin muri Nyiringanzo, yamubwiye ko Mukasine uvugwa muri iyo ndirimbo ari mushiki we kuri se na nyina, ariko ibyo bamuvuzeho byo gusinda agasendwa n’umugabo bitigeze bibaho.

Manihura Herman w’imyaka 83, avuga ko muri iyo ndirimbo hari n’aho bavuga amazina y’uwari umugabo wa Mukasine, ariko izina rimwe bakarihindura kugira ngo bajijishe.

Herman ati “Hari aho bavuga ngo ‘aransenze Rugirana baririmba akaba umuhungu wa Miravumba…’ mu gihe umugabo we yitwaga Kamandari, akaba mwene Mibirizi, ariko kugira ngo bayobye uburari bamwise Miravumba.”

Herman akomeza avuga ko umugabo wa Mukasine (Kamandari) babyaranye abana batatu, nyuma aza gutera inda mubyara we bwite wahabaga barabyarana amugira umugore, ari nawe ngo waje guhimba iyo nkuru.

Kamandari amaze kumenya ko yateye inda mubyara we, yahise asubiza Mukasine iwabo mu 1953 nk’uko Herman yabisobanuye. Icyo gihe umuryango wa Mukasine wabaga mu Ngororero ariko we n’umugabo we babaga i Rubengera aho yakoraga ari umuganga wungirije (assistant médical) ku bitaro bya Kibuye.

Mukasine amaze kugaruka iwabo ni bwo amagambo yatangiye guhwihwiswa ko bamusenze, kandi bikozwe na wa mubyara w’umugabo we, birangira abaturanyi babishyize mu ndirimbo, inkuru irasakara.

Manihura Herman, musaza wa Adela Mukasine

Herman ati “Ibyo bavuga mu ndirimbo ngo ‘yasomye wisiki arayisinda ayicuruye iramucurangura’ ni ukumusebya kuko usibye no kuba ataranywaga inzoga nta na wisiki yari ihari icyo gihe. Bakongera bati ‘Abasisita (assistants) bateranye’, ibyo nabyo ni amakabyankuru kuko muri teritwari yose habaga umu assistant umwe gusa, ukibaza aho bari bateranye baturutse!”

Mukasine yagarutse mu rugo ari kumwe n’umwana umwe abandi barerwa na mukase, Mukasine aza gushaka undi mugabo witwaga Rugemintwaza, nyuma y’igihe gito bajya kuba i Burundi aho umugabo yari yoroherejwe mu kazi ka leta mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, kugeza Mukasine yitabye Imana mu 1987.

Manihura Herman avuga ko muramu we Kamandari yigeze no kujya gusura Adela Mukasine n’umugabo we wa kabiri i Burundi akahahurira na Herman wari waje kubasura nawe avuye i Goma muri Zaire, aho bari barahungiye n’umuryango wose mu 1960.

Kamandari nawe yari yarahungiye i Burundi n’umugore we wa kabiri (mubyara we), hanyuma ahagana mu mpera za 70, bose barimo kuganira aho Mukasine yabaga mu Ngagara, bumva kuri radiyo y’u Burundi bashyizeho ya ndirimbo bose bagwa mu kantu.

Cyera kabaye rero, mukeba wa Mukasine yaje gusaba imbabazi avuga ko ari we nyirabayazana nubwo ngo atari azi ko indirimbo izagera kure.

Reba ibindi muri iyi video:

Rodrigue Karemera

Rodrigue Karemera, wahimbye indirimbo z’abana zigishwaga mu mashuri abanza hambere, nka ‘Mbonye akazuba keza’ na ‘Mbe kanyamanza keza’, indirimbo ze hafi ya zose zishingiye ku nkurumpamo haba ari kuri we bwite cyangwa ku bandi bantu yabanye nabo.

Hari izo twanditseho mu nkuru iheruka, zirimo ‘Ubarijoro’ ya Mbere n’iya Kabiri, twari twanditse ko yayihimbiye se wabo waguye muri Uganda, ariko mu kiganiro umuvandimwe we Charles Nkubito yigeze kugirana na KT Radio, yavuze ko ahubwo yari Nyirarume wabaga muri Uganda wagiye ahunze mu 1959, hanyuma Karemera amuhimbira indirimbo amusaba kugaruka mu Rwanda ko ari amahoro – yahe yo kajya!

Iyo ndirimbo yaje no kuyizira kuko yatumye bamufunga mu bo bitaga ‘ibyitso by’inyenzi’, ni ukuvuga Abatutsi bamwe na bamwe bashinjwaga gukorana n’abarwanyi ba RPA Inkotanyi mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwatangirijwe muri Uganda guhera mu 1990. Bamufunze bamuhora ko ngo yasabaga Abanyarwanda bahungiye muri Uganda gutahuka.

Karemera afunguwe, ni ko kwigira inama yo guhimba nimero ya Kabiri avugamo ko yamenye ko Ubarijoro yaje kwitaba Imana, kugira ngo Leta ya Habyarimana ikunde imuhe amahoro, ariko ntibyababujije kumwica hamwe n’abandi Batutsi basaga Miliyoni muri Jenoside mu 1994.

Bamurasiye mu rugo rwe i Gikondo hamwe n’umwana we n’umugore we, mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gatanu, Habimana Kantano wakoraga kuri radiyo rutwitsi ya RTLM, mu mpuhwe nk’iza bihehe (impyisi) no mu marira y’ingona, yaravuze ngo ‘koko umuntu wishe Karemera Rodrigue yamuhoye iki?’

Tugarutse ku ndirimbo Indahiro (1979), muruma wa Rodrigue, Charles Nkubito, yatubwiye ko yayihimbiye umugore we Madeleine Mukakibibi, babyirukanye kugeza babanye kuva mu 1983 kugeza bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Gicurasi 1994. Nkubito yavuze ko Karemera yayimuhimbiye aretse ibyo kuba padiri, kuko yavuye mu iseminari nkuru atayirangije aho yigaga mu Nyakibanda.

Ni indirimbo yakunzwe cyane mu gihe cyayo na n’ubu igihogoza abakunda indirimbo zizwi nk’igisope, ariko yo ikagira umwihariko wo kubamo injyana zitandukanye icyarimwe. Itangira ari ingwatiramubiri (Slow), yagera hagati ikanyaruka ukumvamo injyana ya disco ivanze n’ikinimba.

Ahandi iyo ndirimbo ibera akaga, Karemera yayicuranganye n’abahanzi b’ibigugu barimo umunye Congo (RDC) Kayenga Dembo Ibrahim uzwi nka Tam Fum, kabuhariwe kuri gitari y’umuyuki (Solo), na Nyakwigendera Déo Santos wacurangaga gitari y’umugunda (Bass) mu itsinda ryitwaga Les Fellows.

Umva indirimbo Indahiro:

Joseph Scriven wanditse igisigo cyahimbwemo ’Nta nshuti nziza nka Yesu’

Umwanditsi Nanette F Elkins washinze umuryango Hope in The Healing (Ibyiringiro mu Komora), avuga ko iyo ndirimbo ikomoka kuri Joseph Scriven wavukiye muri Irlande mu 1819. Joseph wari ufite impamyabushobozi ya Kaminuza yaboneye muri Trinity College i Dublin, yari umwarimu w’umwuga wari ufite inzozi zo gushaka umugore akagira umuryango. Ariko ku bw’amahirwe macye, hasigaye umunsi umwe ngo akore ubukwe, fiyanse we yaguye mu mugezi ararohama.

Ni ibintu byamugoye cyane kwakira, ni ko kwiyemeza kwimukira muri Canada akajya kugerageza gutangira bundi bushya. Ahageze, yamenyanye n’undi mukobwa witwa Eliza Rice barashimana, ariko ibyago byakomeje kumukurikirana kuko hasigaye ibyumweru bicye ngo babane, Eliza na we yararwaye arapfa. Joseph yari afite imyaka 25 gusa.

Muri ako gahinda karenze ubwenge bwa muntu, n’imbaraga z’ukwemera yari yifitemo, ni ho haturutse umuhamagaro wa Joseph, ni ko kwiyemeza gushaka igikorwa cy’ubugiraneza akora kugira ngo adakomeza kwiheba, atangira ibikorwa byo gufasha abatishoboye n’abafite ubumuga mu bushobozi bucye yari afite.

Kugemurira abarwayi, gufasha imiryango kubona uturimo two gukora bakitunga n’ibindi, maze bimubera isoko yo kongera kwishimira ubuzima abinyujije mu ntego yo gufasha.

Ntibyateye kabiri ariko, nanone mu buryo bugoye kwiyumvisha, intimba yarongeye yibasira umutima we! Nyina, wari warasigaye ku ivuko muri Ireland yaje kurwara cyane kandi Joseph ntiyari afite uburyo n’ubushobozi bwo kumugeraho kuko byasabaga amikoro menshi. Abuze uko abigenza, yaricaye afata ikaramu n’urupapuro amwandikira igisigo, kuva ubwo kibera ibisekuru n’ibisekuruza isoko y’imbaraga no kuzanzamuka nyuma yo kunyura mu bigeragezo.

Icyo gisigo cyari kigufi, ariko ni cyo cyaje kuririmbwamo indirimbo ‘Nta nshuti nziza nka Yesu’ uko tuyizi kugeza ubu. Indi migemo yongewemo n’umuhanzi Charles C. Converse, ari na we wanditse iyi ndirimbo:

What a friend we have in Jesus
All our sins and griefs to bear
What a privilege to carry
Everything to God in prayer

Oh what peace we often forfeit!
Oh, what needless pain we bear
All because we do not carry
Everything to God in prayer

Have we trials and temptations
Is there trouble anywhere
We should never be discouraged
Take it to the Lord in prayer
Can we find a friend so faithful?
Who will all our sorrows share?
Jesus knows our every weakness
Take it to the Lord in prayer

Are we weak and heavy-laden,
Cumbered with a load of care?
Precious Saviour, still our refuge
Take it to the Lord in prayer

Do thy friends despise, forsake thee?
Take it to the Lord in prayer
In His arms He’ll take and shield thee
Thou wilt find a solace there

Muri iyi nkuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na Nanette F Elkins kuri www.hopeinthehealing.com, akomeza agira ati “Muri iki gihe, ibihugu byinshi biri mu bizazane n’ibibazo by’urudaca mu buryo butigeze bubaho mbere. Ariko, turagerageza kudaheranwa tukishyira hamwe mu isengesho kuko riracyakora. Yezu ntabwo yigeze adutererana, nta nubwo azabikora”.

Ati “Nimureke, twebwe nka Kiliziya, twe gupfusha ubusa aya mahirwe! Hari ibyiringiro byinshi mu Mana yacu, ibyiringiro byinshi by’ubuzima buhoraho n’ibyiringiro byinshi ko buri munota tuzabona Yezu aje kudutabara agasubiza amasengesho yacu. Dushobora kubona ibihumbi n’ibihumbi birangiye bamenye Usakaza Amahoro ari we Yezu, nituvuga ibyiza, tugatekereza ibyubaka kandi tugasenga kurusha uko twigeze gusenga mbere”.

Igisigo cya Joseph Scriven

Nanette Elkins washinze umuryango Hope in the Healing

Muri iyi nkuru turagaruka ku ndirimbo enye zishingiye ku nkurumpamo zabaye kuri ba nyirazo, ariko bose ntibakiriho. Abo ni Loti Bizimana na Karemera Rodrigue bombi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abandi ni Rubayita Théophile na Buhigiro Jacques bazize uburwayi.

1. Umwana ni we mahoro (Rubayita Théophile)

Umuhanzi Rubayita Théophile (1947 – 2010), ni we wahimbye indirimbo ‘Uyu mwana ni we mahoro’ ahagana mu 1975. Uwo bashakanye, Mujara Didacienne, wigeze kutubera umutumirwa muri Nyiringanzo kuri KT Radio, yatubwiye ko iyo ndirimbo yayihimbye bataramenyena, hanyuma bahuye Rubayita amubwira ko yayihimbye atekereza uwo bazakundana.

Mujara yaragize ati “Icyo gihe yari atangiye kuba umuhungu utekereza ejo hazaza, yibaza uwo bazabana uko ameze, uko asa, mbese akimajina (akishushanyiriza) uko azaba ameze. Yambwiye ko yabanje no gusengera uwo bazabana kuko yakundaga gusenga. Uwo yaguyeho rero wa mbere asanga ni njye. Ati iyi ndirimbo ni wowe nayihimbiye nubwo nari ntarakumenya.”

Incamake ku mateka ya Rubayita Théophile kanda hano

2. Nta munoza (Loti Bizimana)

Loti Bizimana wamamaye mu ndirimbo Patoro (Patron), nawe ni umwe mu bahanzi b’abahanga u Rwanda rwagize guhera mu myaka ya za 80 kugeza mu 1994, ari nabwo yishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi akicanwa n’umuryango we wose.

Loti Bizimana, wari ufite itorero ryitwaga Ikibatsi Band, yari umwarimu w’umwuga, n’umuyoboke w’itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi, ari naho yatangiriye umwuga wo kuririmba akiri mu buhungiro mu Burundi.

Imwe mu ndirimbo ze zakunzwe cyane ni iyitwa Nta munoza, aho avugamo umuntu wari warajujubije undi amubuza epfo na ruguru, icyo akoze cyose kikitwa ikosa kabone n’ubwo cyaba ari cyiza, ati ‘ukunda iki nta munoza?’

Umuhanzi Shyaka Gérard waririmbye ‘Délira’, ni umwe mu baririmbyi bakoranye na Loti Bizimana mu itorero Ikibatsi Band ari naho bahimbiye indirimbo Patoro (Patron). Shyaka yaduhishuriye ko indirimbo ‘Nta munoza’ yayiririmbye asa n’ubwira Abadivantisiti bagenzi be basaga n’abamurakariye kubera ko yari yararetse kuririmba indirimbo z’itorero agatangira guhimba izo bita indirimbo z’isi.

Imwe mu ndirimbo z’Abadivantisiti yaririmbye akiri i Burundi ahagana muri za 80 ni iyitwa ‘Urufunguzo rw’ijuru’ ivuga ngo ‘Imitima y’abantu benshi ikeneye urukundo, rwarundi rutikubiraho nk’urwo Yezu yankunze…iyaba bose bari baruzi ijuru ryabaye hafi…’. Ariko kimwe n’izindi yaririmbye akiri mu itorero, ntabwo zamamaye cyane, ari nayo mpamvu bashobora kuba bari baramurakariye.

3. Yuda Isikariyoti (Buhigiro Jacques)

Nyakwigendera Buhigiro Jacques watabarutse muri Mata 2022 azize uburwayi, usibye kuba yari umuhanzi utarabigize umwuga umutunze, yari umuganga ugorora imitsi n’imikaya (Kinésithérapie), akazi yakomeje gukora na nyuma yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru aho yavuraga abakinnyi b’amakipe y’igihugu muri siporo zitandukanye kuri Stade Amahoro (Minisiteri ya Siporo).

Mu ndirimbo za Buhigiro zakunzwe cyane harimo Amafaranga, Agahinda, Nkubaze Primus, Nyirabihogo na Yuda Isikariyoti. Mu kiganiro twigeze kugirana nawe tumusanze aho yakoreraga mu 2021, yatubwiye ko ‘Yuda Isikariyoti’ yayihimbye amaze kubura umwana we w’imyaka itatu (3) wapfuye atarwaye, abantu bagakeka ko iyo ndirimbo yashakaga kuvugamo ko atakemera Imana kubera agahinda; ariko Buhigiro yatubwiye ko atari byo.

Buhigiro yaragize ati “Nari napfushije umwana w’imyaka itatu, aho nabaga i Kinshasa. Navuye mu rugo ari muzima ngarutse nsanga umwana yapfuye bamujyanye mu buruhukiro. Rero iyo umuntu apfushije umwana ukiri muto biragorana. Nyuma ni bwo nahimbye indirimbo ‘Yuda Isikariyoti’ abantu bakayumva uko itari. Njewe nabazaga Imana ngira nti ‘ntagutwara utarabasha kugukorera, ntagutwara utaramenya kugukunda…’ kuko yaturemeye kuyimenya no kuyikorera.”

Buhigiro yakomeje avuga ko iyo ndirimbo yayihimbye aganyira Imana ayibaza impamvu yatwaye umwana ukiri muto atarabasha kuyikorera, abantu bakibwira ko yari yaratakaje ukwemera kandi atari byo.

Inkuru ku buzima bwa Buhigiro Jacques kanda hano

4. Ubarijoro ya 1 n’iya 2

Karemera Rodrigue nawe yari umwe mu banyamuziki b’umwuga bo ku rwego rwo hejuru, kuko ari byo yize muri kaminuza mu Bubiligi. Yakoze no mu biro byari bishinzwe uburezi mu mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye (Bureau Pédagogique) ategura inyigisho z’umuziki.

Shyaka Gérard, nk’umuntu wari inshuti cyane ya Karemera banakoranye mu by’uburezi kuva 1981 - 1990, yatubwiye ko we na Rodrigue bafunzwe mu bo leta ya Habyarimana yitaga ibyitso by’inyenzi, bamwe bazizwa ubwoko (Abatutsi), abandi bashinjwa gukorana n’Inkotanyi zari zimaze igihe gito zitangiye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ziturutse muri Uganda mu Kwakira 1990.

Shyaka ati “Rodrigue yambwiye ko bamujyanye aho bakoreraga iyicarubozo muri criminologie, maze abajandarume baramukubita cyane, bamubaza ngo uwo Ubarijoro yaririmbye wagiye mu Bugande ni inde, hanyuma Karemera arababwira ati uriya yari data wacu, ariko ntimugire impungenge ntakiriho, ati ahubwo ndimo no kumuhimbira indirimbo ya kabiri imusezeraho. Ni bwo rero yahimbye Ubarijoro ya kabiri agira ati ‘Twumva ngo wasize abana bane, ahari bo wenda tuzabonana…’ Yari yanze kuripfana nk’umuhanzi”

Ikiganiro cya Shyaka Gérard avuga kuri Nta munoza na Ubarijoro wakanda hano

Ariko burya benshi muri ba nyiringanzo, nti baba bifuza ko hari ubitahura (igihe ari byo) kuko bishobora gutuma indirimbo zabo zita agaciro cyangwa bikaba byafatwa nko kwishyira hanze igihe ari inkuru itari nziza.

Ni yo mpamvu usanga iyo bari mu biganiro n’abanyamakuru cyangwa abakunzi babo, iyo bababajije ku ndirimbo runaka n’amateka yayo, abenshi basubiza ko ari inganzo yabajemo gusa kandi ko ntaho bihuriye n’ubuzima bwabo bwite; ariko bitabujije ko hari aberura bakabyemera ku mugaragaro.

Dore zimwe muri izo ndirimbo:

Nari ntegereke amahoro, Nkurunziza François

Amakuru nigeze guhabwa n’umuntu uzi neza amateka y’umuhanzi Nkurunziza François, avuga ko yashatse atinze, bamwe mu bavandimwe yarutaga baramutanze bitewe n’uko nyina yari arwaye kandi Nkurunziza ari we wari mukuru afite n’uburyo bwo kumwitaho.

Abavandimwe be ariko ngo ntabwo bumvaga ko iyo ari yo mpamvu yari kumubuza gushaka, kuko ngo bitari kumubuza gukomeza kwita kuri nyina bose bafatanyije, ariko we ngo ntiyashakaga ko inshingano z’urugo zituma atabibasha uko yabyifuzaga.

Abavandimwe be babonye akomeje gutinda kandi nubundi atarabanaga na nyina, baje kwigira inama yo kumubeshya ko yorohewe kandi yifuzaga ko Nkurunziza ashaka akiriho. Undi nawe kuko yumvaga ko batashoboraga kumubeshya, igihe cyarageze akora ubukwe ariko nyina ntiyabasha kubutaha kuko yari akirwaye, abavandimwe be bakamubwira ngo nubwo yari yarorohewe ko atari kubasha kubutaha kuko bwabereye kure.

Nkurunziza yaje gukora ubukwe yizeye ko amakuru yahawe n’abavandimwe ari yo, hashize iminsi nyina yitaba Imana arababara cyane, kuko yumvaga ko azajya kumusura amushyiriye umukazana.

Uwatubariye iyi nkuru yatubwiye ko agahinda Nkurunziza yatewe no gushaka kandi nyina arembye, ndetse akaza no kwitaba Imana undi yaribwiraga ko yorohewe, katumye ahimba indirimbo ‘Narintegereje amahoro’ aho aririmba agira ati “Nagiye urugamba rushyushye mama wambyaye mutera agahinda…narintegereje amahoro ngo ngaruke kwa data kureba”.

‘Narintegereje amahoro’ ni imwe mu ndirimbo za Nkurunziza zakunzwe kuva cyera, dore ko n’umuhanzi Umwari Fanny (Nimwumve ibyiza by’u Rwanda) yaje kuyisubiramo agashyiramo amagambo ajyanye no kwibuka abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aho agira ati “Sinzongera kubona abanjye kuko ntabwo bazagaruka…” aho Nkurunziza avuga ati “Sinzongera kubona iby’ejo kuko ntabwo bizagaruka…”

Hagati y’ibiti bibiri, Karemera Rodrigue

Iyi ndirimbo abantu benshi bibwiraga ko Karemera yayihimbiye umukobwa kubera amashusho ya videwo (clip) yacaga kenshi kuri Televiziyo y’u Rwanda, arimo umukobwa batemberana mu busitani nyuma bagasezeranaho ku kibuga cy’indege.

Nyamara mu kiganiro umuvandimwe wa Karemera witwa Nkubito Charles yigeze kugirana na KT Radio muri Nyiringanzo, yavuze ko iyo ndirimbo yayihimbiye umusore wari inshuti ye magara witwaga Kabasha Raymond biganye amashuri yisumbuye, akaza kwitaba Imana.

Amashuri abanza Karemera Rodrigue yayigiye i Rwamagana muri St Aloys, akomereza ayisumbuye i Zaza mu iseminari. Ageze mu mwaka wa kane mu 1973, Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi, yamenesheje abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi, Karemera n’inshuti ye Kabasha bahungira i Burundi ari naho bakomereje amasomo.

Indirimbo ‘Hagati y’ibiti bibiri’ Karemera yayihimbye amaze igihe kinini yaragarutse mu Rwanda, abantu benshi bagakeka ko yaba yarayihimbiye umukobwa runaka, ariko umuvandimwe we Nkubito yavuze ko yayihimbiye inshuti ye Kabasha, waje kwitaba Imana azize urupfu rusanzwe. Karemera Rodrigue we yishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Niba utaravuzwe, Orchestre Impala

Iyi ndirimbo Impala zayihimbye zishingiye ku kaga abari bayigize bahuye nako ahagana mu myaka ya za 80, ikaba inafite umwihariko ugereranyije n’izindi kuko yo banayizize.

Umwe mu batangije Orchestre Impala, Sebigeri Paul wamamaye nka Mimi La Rose, mu myaka yatambutse ubwo yaganiraga na KT Radio mu kiganiro Urukumbuzi, yavuze ko bigeze gutumirwa i Burundi na Perezida Jean Baptiste Bagaza, barangije igitaramo arabashimira abemerera imodoka ya Kombi Volkswagen, ariko igeze mu Rwanda leta ya Habyarimana irayibambura ntibongera kuyica iryera.

Orchestre Impala ubwo bari bakoreye igitaramo i Burayi

Mimi La Rose ati “Barayiduhaye batubwira ko tuzayisanga mu Rwanda, ukuntu byaje kugenda ni ibintu ntashobora gusobanura neza. Ntabwo twigeze tuyigendamo gusa twarayibonaga mu muhanda igenda tukamenya ko ari iyacu ariko nta kintu twabikoraho. Icyo nibuka ni uko yagendwagamo n’abantu b’abayobozi”

Kugira ngo nabo bihimure, ni ko guhimba indirimbo bayita ‘Niba utaravuzwe’, aho bagira bati “Urifatira ifaranga ukarimira, n’iry’umugore ryaza ukarimira, yagira ati ariko se rwose…uti umva inkoni…”. Aha bacyuriraga ababambuye imodoka biza no kubaviramo gufungwa, ariko barekurwa bidatinze kuko babuze icyaha kibahama.

Mimi La Rose akomeza agira ati “Baradufunze bavuga ko twaririmbye abantu b’abayobozi, nyuma yaho indirimbo bayishyira ku mugaragaro barabaza bati hari izina ry’umuyobozi mwumvise muri iyo ndirimbo? Ni icyo cyadukijije.”

Kalisa Festus, umwe mu bahanzi batabigize umwuga uzi amateka ya Orchestre Impala, yatubwiye ko bafunzwe na Nsekarije Aloys wari minisitiri w’uburezi bw’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye (MINEPRISEC), kuko nyuma yo kubambura iyo Kombi, ngo bayibonaga itwara abakozi b’iyo minisiteri.

Maria Rosa, Orchestre Impala

Hari n’andi makuru avuga ko gufungurwa kwabo ngo byaba byaratewe n’umukobwa wa Perezida Habyarimana witwa Maria Rosa wari ufite isabukuru y’amavuko, ise amubajije icyo ashaka undi amubwira ko ashaka gucurangirwa n’Impala kuko ngo yazikundaga cyane.

Habyarimana ni ko gutegeka ko babafungura bakaza gucurangira umukobwa we, hanyuma Impala zibimenye nazo zihita zimuhimbira iyo ndirimbo, aho bagira bati “Maria Rosa, wowe mwana wankunze ntaramubona, ukantumaho umuntu ngo ambwire yuko unkunda, oh Rosa…byanteye amatsiko atagira urugero nshuti muvandimwe…”

Urutonde rw’indirimbo zifite amateka ni rurerure, ubutaha tuzabagezaho izindi z’Inyarwanda n’izo mu mahanga zirimo: ‘Tears in Heaven’ (Eric Clapton), ‘In the air tonight’ (Phil Collins), ‘Careless whisper’ (George Michael), ‘I will always love you’ (Dolly Parton) n’izindi.

Tugiye kureba muri macye ba Minisitiri w’intebe bayoboye Guverinoma kuva mu 1993.

1. Agathe Uwilingiyimana

Nyakwigendera Agathe Uwilingiyimana wavutse mu 1957, yayoboye Guverinoma y’u Rwanda guhera tariki 18 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza tariki 7 Mata 1994.

Uwilingiyimana yari umurwanashyaka wa MDR (Movement Démocratique Républicain) Ishyaka ryaharaniraga Demukarasi ryakomokaga kuri MDR-PARMEHUTU, ariko iri jambo ryaje kuvanwaho kubera ingengabitekerezo y’amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko n’uturere hasigara MDR, nayo iseswa mu 2003 kubera kugaragaramo ibisigisigi by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside byasizwe n’abashinze PARMEHUTU.

Agathe Uwilingiyimana kugeza ubu ni we mugore wenyine wabaye Minisitiri w’intebe mu Rwanda. Yakoze imirimo itandukanye irimo kwigisha muri Kaminuza y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda (UNR) akaba n’impuguke mu by’ubutabire. Mu buzima bwe yaranzwe no kuba impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bw’abagore n’uburezi muri rusange.

Uwilingiyimana yishwe ku itariki 7 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hashize amasaha macye indege ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ihanuwe.

2. Jean Kambanda

Jean Kambanda wavutse mu 1955 yasimbuye Uwilingiyimana ku itariki 9 Mata 1994 kugeza ku ya 19 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo Ingabo zahoze ari iza FPR Inkotanyi zari zimaze guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zigakuraho n’ubuyobozi bwayishyize mu bikorwa, we na bagenzi be bari bariyise abatabazi bagahunga igihugu.

Kambanda nawe yari umurwanashyaka wa MDR yari yaracitsemo ibice bibiri, we akaba yari ari muri MDR Power, igice cyari gishyigikiye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nawe yagizemo uruhare rutaziguye.

Kambanda yafatiwe muri Kenya na police y’iki gihugu tariki 18 Nyakanga 1997 ku bufatanye bw’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), ahamwa n’ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyibasiye inyoko muntu. Yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu nyuma yo kwemera icyaha, ubu afungiwe muri Mali.

3. Faustin Twagiramungu

Faustin Twagiramungu wamamaye cyane ku izina rya ‘rukokoma’ mu nkubiri y’amashyaka menshi mu myaka yabanjirije Jenoside 1991-1994), ni we wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere nyuma ya Jenoside aturutse muri MDR, guhera tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994 kugeza kuya 28 Kanama 1995.
Ni gahunda yashyizwe mu bikorwa na FPR Inkotanyi, hakurikijwe amasezerano ya Arusha yo gusangira ubuyobozi n’andi mashyaka ataragize uruhare muri Jenoside.

Twagiramungu yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe ku ngoma ya Pasteur Bizimungu (1994-2000), agira uruhare rugaragara mu gutangiza gahunda y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge ariko nyuma aza kongera kuganzwa na bya bisigisi by’amacakubiri yaranze MDR-PARMEHUTU birangira ashwanye n’ubuyobozi bwa FPR Inkotanyi ahunga igihugu.

Mbere yo kwerura akerekana uwo yari we nyakuri, Twagiramungu yagarutse mu Rwanda mu 2003 yiyamamariza kuyobora igihugu mu matora ya mbere yabaye nyuma ya Jenoside abona amajwi 3.6% kuri 95.1% ya Paul Kagame. Ari mu buhungiro mu Bubiligi, yakomeje ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda abinyujije mu biganiro yatangaga ku maradiyo mpuzamahanga (by’umwihariko BBC, VOA na Ikondera TV).

FPR yari yaramugiriye icyizere kubera urugamba rukomeye yarwanye mu kwamagana ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa Juvénal Habyarimana, ari naho haturutse izina rya ‘Rukokoma’ kubera inama yigeze gutumiza nka perezida wa MDR kuri Stade Régional i Nyamirambo, akagaragaza ibyo yanengaga Habyarimana yivuye inyuma. Ni byo byanamuviriyemo kwitwa icyitso cy’Inkotanyi hafi yo kuhasiga ubuzima.

Mu Bubiligi, aho yaguye azize uburwayi ku myaka 78, yari yarahashinze ishyaka rya politike yise Rwandan Dream Initiative (RDI), ariko ntiryigeze ryemererwa gukorera mu Rwanda kubera ko amahame yaryo yari ahabanye na gahunda y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge.

4. Pierre-Célestin Rwigema

Pierre Célestin Rwigema nawe wari muri MDR, yasimbuye Twagiramungu guhera ku itariki 31 Kanama 1995 kugeza ku ya 8 Werurwe 2000 avaho yeguye ashinjwa ruswa no kunyereza umutungo.

Amaze kwegura mu 2001 yashinjwe kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, leta y’u Rwanda itanga impapuro zisaba ko atabwa muri yombi. Icyo gihe yari yarahungiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA), aho yize ibijyanye n’ubuyobozi mu by’ubucuruzi (Business Administration) mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza (Masters).

Mu 2011, uwari Umushinjacyaha Mukuru w’u Rwanda Martin Ngoga yabwiye itangazamakuru ko ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bwaje gusanga nta bimenyetso bihari byerekana uruhare rwa Rwigema muri Jenoside, urubanza rwe rurasubikwa. Rwigema yagarutse mu Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka 11 ari impunzi ya politike. Icyo gihe yavuze ko agarutse ku bushake bwe kandi ko aje gukomeza gufatanya n’Abanyarwanda kubaka igihugu.

Mu 2012, Rwigema yari umwe mu bakandida umunani (8) batowe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ngo bahagararire u Rwanda mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba (EALA).
Kuri ubu, Pierre Célestin Rwigema w’imyaka 72 ni umwarimu kuri Kaminuza Yigenga ya Kigali (ULK) mu cyiciro cya Masters, akigisha no kuri Kaminuza ya Jomo Kenyata mu cyiciro cya Ph.D.

5. Bernard Makuza

Bernard Makuza wavutse mu 1962, ni we Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda wamaze igihe kirekire (imyaka 11) nyuma yo kwegura kwa Rwigema guhera ku itariki 8 Werurwe 2000, kugeza ku itariki 6 Ukwakira 2011.

Yatangiye kuyobora guverinoma y’u Rwanda nta shyaka abarizwamo kuko irya MDR yabagamo mbere ryasheshwe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 2003 nyuma yo kongera kugaragaramo amacakubiri, maze yigira inama yo kwifatanya na FPR Inkotanyi.

Makuza yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kuvugurura inzego z’ubuyobozi no guteza imbere igihugu muri leta iyobowe na Paul Kagame. Nyuma yo gushyiraho guverinoma nshya muri Werurwe 2008, Makuza yongeye kugirirwa icyizere akomeza kuyobora kugeza mu 2011, ahava ajya kuyobora Sena guhera mu 2014 kugeza mu 2019.

Mbere yo kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe, Bernard Makuza yabaye Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Burundi no mu Budage. Ni mwene Anastase Makuza, wabaye minisitiri ku butegetsi bwa Grégoire Kayibanda (1962-1973).

6. Pierre-Damien Habumuremyi

Pierre-Damien Habumuremyi ni we Minisitiri w’Intebe wayoboye igihe gito (munsi y’imyaka itatu) aturutse muri FPR Inkotanyi. Yabaye umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda, UNR no muri Kaminuza Yigenga ya Kigali, ULK.

Yabaye Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Wungirije wa Komisiyo y’Amatora (2000-2003) nyuma yaho ayibera Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa kugeza mu 2008, ubwo yatorerwaga kujya mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya EALA mu gihe cy’amezi abiri (Gicurasi-Nyakanga).

Habumuremyi yinjiye muri guverinoma y’u Rwanda agirwa Minisitiri w’Uburezi muri Gicurasi 2011 asimbuye Charles Muligande. Guhabwa umwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe kuva mu Kwakira 2011 kugeza muri Nyakanga 2014, byaratunguranye cyane kubera ko nta mirimo ya politike yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yari yarigeze agaragaramo mbere.

Yavuye ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe ahabwa kuyobora Urwego rushinzwe Impeta n’Imidari by’Ishimwe, hanyuma muri Nyakanga 2020 atabwa muri yombi arafungwa azira gutanga sheki zitazigamiye no gusabira Kaminuza ye (Christian University of Rwanda) inguzanyo zitangwa n’abantu bungukira ku bandi inyungu z’umurengera (Bank Lambert).

Pierre-Damien Habumuremyi w’imyaka 64, nyuma yo guhabwa imbabazi na Perezida Kagame mu Kwakira 2021, yashyizwe mu bagize Inama y’Inararibonye mu Rubuga Ngishwanama rw’Inararibonye z’u Rwanda guhera mu Gushyingo 2024.

7. Anastase Murekezi

Anastase Murekezi wo mu Ishyaka Riharanira Demukarasi n’Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage (PSD), yabaye umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe gukurikirana inganda no guteza imbere ishoramari, ahava mu 2005 ajya kuyobora Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi kugeza mu 2008.

Nyuma ya MINAGRI, Murekezi yahawe kuyobora Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo kugeza muri Nyakanga 2014 ari bwo yahabwaga Minisiteri y’Intebe kugeza muri Kanama 2017.

Nyuma y’imyaka irindwi ayobora guverinoma y’u Rwanda, Murekezi w’imyaka 73 yabaye Umuvunyi Mukuru kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2020. Nk’impuguke mu buhinzi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ubuzima rusange bw’abaturage, Murekezi ni umwe mu bagize Inama y’Ubuyobozi ya Compact2025, gahunda mpuzamahanga igamije kurandura inzara n’imirire mibi mu myaka 10 iri imbere.

8. Édouard Ngirente

Dr Édouard Ngirente w’imyaka 52, yabaye Umuyobozi w’Igenamigambi muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi mbere yo kugirwa Umujyanama mu by’Ubukungu muri iyo minisiteri, hanyuma Inama y’Abaminisitiri yo ku wa 30 Werurwe 2011 yari iyobowe na Perezida Kagame imwemerera guhagarika akazi mu gihe kitazwi.

Kuva mu 2014, Dr. Ngirente yabaye Umujyanama w’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Banki y’isi i Washington DC muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, amaze imyaka ibiri agirwa umujyanama Mukuru mu by’Ubukungu mu buyobozi bukuru bw’iyo banki uhagarariye ibihugu 22 birimo n’u Rwanda.

Dr Édouard Ngirente yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe kuva ku wa 30 Kanama 2017 kugeza ejo bundi tariki 23 Nyakanga 2025 asimbuwe na Dr Justin Nsengiyumva.

Mu myaka irindwi Dr Ngirente yari amaze muri izi nshingano, ashimirwa kuba muri guverinoma icyuye igihe harashyizwe imbere kubazwa inshingano bidasanzwe ku bagize guverinoma, ndetse abitwaye nabi bagahita bakurwa mu myanya kandi bikamenyeshwa abaturage.

Ku buyobozi bwe, Dr Ngirente nk’impuguke mu by’ubukungu (Ph.D.) yiyemeje gukorana na FPR Inkotanyi mu kuzamura ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, yashyize imbaraga mu kuvugurura uburezi, guhanga imirimo mishya, kuzamura ibikorwaremezo no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zigamije kugeza igihugu ku Cyekerezo cya 2050.

9. Dr Justin Nsengiyumva

Dr Justin Nsengiyumva ni Minisitiri w’Intebe kuva ku itariki 23 Nyakanga 2025, akaba abaye uwa Cyenda (9) uhereye mu 1993. Yari asanzwe ari Guverineri Wungirije wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR).

Dr Nsengiyumva yabaye umujyanama mukuru mu bijyanye n’ubukungu mu kigo cy’Abongereza gishinzwe imihanda ya gari ya moshi n’isanzwe (Office of Rail and Road) kuva mu 2016.
Yanabaye Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi mu 2008, umwanya yagiyeho avuye ku wundi nka wo muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda kuva mu 2005-2008.

Dr. Justin Nsengiyumva wavutse mu 1971, afite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD mu Bukungu), yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Leicester mu Bwongereza. Yakoze no mu bigo bikomeye birimo RwandAir, Rwanda Revenue Authority, RIEPA n’ibindi. Yinjiye mu nshingano nshya nka Minisitiri w’Intebe ku wa Gatanu tariki 25 Nyakanga 2025.

Marvin Gaye Jr. (hagati), ari hamwe na se na nyina

Mu myaka 25 ari mu mwuga, Marvin Gaye yabashije gutera intambwe ikomeye arenga injyana ya Pop yari imaze kuba basa bose, yinjira mu jyana ya Soul yibandaga ku ndirimbo zifite ubutumwa bwihariye, ahuriza hamwe ibyo yigiye ku bandi bahanzi b’ibigugu nka Smokey Robinson, Bob Dylan na Barry White abasha gukoramo muzika yihariye. Gusa ubwo budasa ni bwo bwaje kumubera nk’ikigusha mu buzima nk’uko byasobanuwe na Michael Eric Dyson, ukurikiranira hafi ibya muzika.

Dyson yagize ati “Umugabo wirukanse ku madayimoni y’amamiliyoni…akoresheje ijwi rye rimeze nk’iryaturutse mu ijuru n’inganzo ikomoka ku Mana, ni we waje kwisanga yirukankanwa n’amadayimoni ye bwite mu buzima yamaze ku Isi”.

Urupfu nyirizina rya Marvin Gaye nta bisobanuro byinshi rwasabye kugira ngo rusobanuke. Yishwe arashwe amasasu abiri mu gituza rimwe riboneza mu mutima, irindi ryahuranya umwijima n’igihaha, nk’uko byemejwe n’umuyobozi wa Police ya Los Angeles, ariko, ibikorwa byagejeje ku rupfu rwe byo byari agatereranzamba.

Ku ruhande rumwe, havuzwe amakimbirane y’igihe kirekire hagati ya Marvin Gaye Jr. na se kuva akiri umwana. Se, Marvin Gay Sr., (inyuguti ya ‘e’ yongewemo n’umuhungu we nk’izina ry’ubuhanzi), yari umuvugabutumwa mu itorero rya Pentecost ry’Abaheburayo (Hebrew Pentecostal Church), akaba yari azwiho kugira igitsure gikabije ku bana be bane b’abahungu.

Ikindi kandi ngo yari n’umunywi wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo byari bihabanye n’ukuntu yakarira abana be birenze urugero, kandi we nta rwiza yaberekaga. Hari n’amakuru avuga ko Marvin Gay Sr. yagiriraga ishyari ryihishe ibyo umuhungu we yari yaragezeho, Marvin Gaye Jr. na we ngo akaba yari afitiye se inzika itagaragara kubera ko yari yaramubujije uburyo kuva ari umwana.

Uko kurenzaho rero kwaje kurangirira mu minsi ya nyuma i Los Angeles mu rugo rwa Marvin Gay, Sr. n’umugore we Alberta. Umuhungu wabo wari umaze kuba icyamamare ku rwego mpuzamahanga, yari yarasubiye kubana n’ababyeyi be mu mpera za 1983 kubera ibibazo yari arimo byo kwiheba, amadeni no kwiyicisha ikiyobyabwenge cya cocaine.

Hashize umwaka umwe gusa yegukanye igihembo cye cya mbere cya Grammy, akanasubira mu ruhando rw’abahanzi b’ibihangange mu njyana ya Pop kubera indirimbo ‘Sexual Healing’, Marvin Gaye yari amaze kugera aharindimuka haba ku mubiri, mu mutwe no mu mufuka.

Nyuma y’uko impaka za ngo turwane hagati y’umwana na se zibaviriyemo gufatana mu mashati mu gitondo cyo ku wa 01 Mata 1984, Alberta Gay, nyina wa Marvin Gaye Jr., yagerageje kubakiranura ajyana umuhungu we mu cyumba, se abatura imbunda nto (pistol) yari yarahawe nk’impano n’umuhungu we, amusanga mu cyumba amurasa amasasu abiri mu gituza.

Marvin Pentz Gay Sr. atabwa muri yombi amaze kwica Marvin Gaye Jr.ku ya 01 Mata 1984

Umuvandimwe wa Marvin Gaye, Frankie Gay wari uturanye na bo ari na we wari umufashe mu biganza mu minota ye yanyuma, yaje kwandika igitabo ku buzima bwe avuga ko amagambo Marvin Gaye yavuze bwa nyuma yagize ati “Icyo nashakaga nkigezeho….nari narananiwe kubyirangiriza, none ntumye abinkorera”.

Amaze gutabwa muri yombi, Marvin Gay Sr., yemeye icyaha cyo kwica abigambiriye ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itandatu (6) isubitse, no kwitaba urukiko mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu (5). Yitabye Imana azize izabukuru ku myaka 84 mu 1998.

Urupfu rwa Marvin Gaye kugeza ubu rufatwa nk’iherezo riteye agahinda ry’umwe mu byamamare by’ibihe byose mu njyana ya Soul.

Mu ndirimbo ze zamenyekanye cyane mu Rwanda harimo ‘Sexual Healing’ na ‘Let’s Get it On’.

Indirimbo Let’s get It on:

Aya ni amareshyamugeni

Ibinyobwa bya Fanta kimwe n’ibindi byose biri mu bwoko bumwe (sodas) bikorerwa mu nganda, biba byarongewemo amafu atuma bihumura nk’imbuto, bigashyiramo n’isukari kugira ngo biryohere. Ibyo ushobora gusangamo umutobe w’imbuto karemano na wo ntabwo uba ugeze kuri 5%.

Dore iby’ingenzi ukwiye kumenya mu bigize Fanta

Impumuro: Ibinyobwa bya Fanta Orange na Citron byongerwamo impumuro hifashishijwe amafu (flavours) y’amakorano cyangwa karemano (akomoka ku maronji n’indimu), inganda hafi ya zose ntizijya zikoresha umutobe nyawo w’izo mbuto.

Ibara: Amabara ya Fanta Orange na Citron yongerwamo hifashishijwe ibihindura amabara y’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa (food dye), bikorerwa mu nganda.

Ibirungo: Ku macupa cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwamo za Fanta, haba hariho ibirango byerekana ubwoko bw’ibirungo birimo. Ibya rusange ni ibi bikurikira:

–  Amazi arimo gaz (carbonated water)
–  Igikoma cy’isukari y’ibigori cyangwa isukari isanzwe (corn sugar syrup / sugar)
–  Aside yo mu bwoko bwa citric (Citric acid)
–  Impumuro karemano cyangwa y’inkorano (Natural or artificial flavours)
–  Ibirinda kwangirika (Sodium benzoate)
–  Ibihindura ibara (Food dye)

Icyitonderwa

Mu bihugu byateye imbere kurusha ibindi hari inganda zikora Fanta zihenze zikongeramo umutobe mucye w’imbuto nyazo, ariko nabwo ku kigero kiri munsi ya 5%.

Muri macye, ibinyobwa bidasindisha tubona ku isoko byitwa ko bikoze mu maronji no mu ndimu (orange na citron), mu by’ukuri si byo; ahubwo ni amazi yongerwamo ibiyahumuza, ibihindura ibara n’amasukari bikagira impumuro n’uburyohe bujya kumera nk’ubw’izo mbuto.

Ingaruka

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO), rivuga ko kimwe n’ibindi binyobwa byose byongewemo amasukari, fanta na zo zishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye ziterwa n’isukari zirimo umubyibuho ukabije, umutima, diyabete y’ubwoko bwa 2, impyiko, umwijima, gushirira no gucukurika amenyo…utibagiwe no kuba wahinduka imbata ya Fanta ukumva udashobora no kumara umunsi umwe utayinyoye.

N’iyo harimo umutobe w’imbuto, uba uri hasi ya 5%

Muri raporo WHO yashyize ahagaragara mu 2016, yerekanye ko kuzamura imisoro ku binyobwa byongewemo isukari harimo na Fanta, bishobora kugabanya abanywi babyo bityo bigafasha no kurwanya ubwo burwayi.

Inama

Kunywa Fanta rimwe na rimwe (mu birori bitari ibya buri munsi) ubusanzwe ntacyo bitwaye, ariko kuzinywa kenshi cyangwa buri munsi bishobora guteza ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ku buzima. Amazi, icyayi gikomoka ku bimera cyangwa amazi yongewemo gaz karemano (sparkling water) ni byo binyobwa bitangiza ubuzima.

YouTube irateganya kutongera kwishyura amavidewo y’icyuka

YouTube ntiyahwemye gushishikariza abatunganya amavidewo abinjiriza amafaranga, gukora ay’umwimerere kandi arimo ubutumwa bwigisha, by’umwihariko igihe bari muri gahunda y’ubufatanyabikorwa yayo (YouTube Partner Program), kandi bakaba binjiza amafaranga binyuze muri gahunda izwi nka ‘monetisation of videos’.

Ni muri urwo rwego YouTube iteganya kuvugurura amategeko yayo agenga ubwo bufatanyabikorwa bwo kwishyurwa guhera ku wa 15 Nyakanga, kugira ngo ice intege abakora amavidewo atari ay’umwimerere, akomeje kwisukiranya ari menshi kuva aho ikoranabuhanga rya AI riziye.

Mu itangazo YouTube yashyize ahagaragara ku ivugururwa ry’imikorere yayo, yavuze ko kugira ngo umuntu abashe kwinjiza amafaranga binyuze muri gahunda y’ubufatanyabikorwa bwayo, agomba gushyiraho amavidewo y’umwimerere yatunganyije abishyizemo imbaraga kandi arimo n’amakuru y’umwimerere.

Abandi barebwa n’amategeko mashya YouTube igiye gutangira kubahiriza, ni abafata amavidewo y’abandi bakayahinduramo utuntu ducye, kugira ngo bajijishe YouTube ko ari bo bayikoreye.

YouTube igamije iki?

Muri rusange, YouTube nibishyira mu bikorwa bizaca intege abatunganyaga amavidewo bifashishije ibikoresho bya AI, by’umwihariko abakomeje kurundumurira amavidewo atagira ingano kuri murandasi. Ibi bikaba bireba muri rusange amavidewo y’imikino (gameplay videos), aho usanga abayakora bashobora gufungura imiyoboro (channels) y’imikino itagaragaza ba nyirayo (faceless gaming channels), ubundi bagashyiraho amavidewo arimo amajwi n’abakinnyi batabaho.

Abakoresha YouTube ba baringa bo bizabagendekera bite?

Hari inkuru iheruka gutangazwa n’urubuga ‘hindustantimes’ igaragaza uko abakoresha YouTube ba baringa (Virtual YouTubers) binjiza amafaranga y’umurengera bakoresheje imiyoboro (channels) iriho amasura y’ikoranabuhanga azwi nka avatars.

Iyo miyoboro ishyiraho amashusho y’imikino (gameplay videos), ariko aho kugaragaza isura y’umuntu nyawe bagakoresha avatar.

Ikindi kandi, abakora bene ayo mavidewo bishyiriramo amajwi yabo bwite aherekeza ayo mashusho (voiceovers), bamwe muri bo ndetse ngo bamaze kwinjiza akayabo k’amamiliyoni.

Hagati aho ariko, ibi ngo biracyari mu mishinga kuko YouTube itaratangaza amakuru yisumbuyeho arebana n’izo mpinduka, ariko ibisobanuro birenzeho bizamenyekana guhera tariki 15 Nyakanga izo mpinduka zitangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

Perezida Paul Kagame n’abayobozi ba Zipline bagurutsa drone ya mbere mu Karere ka Muhanga ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2016

Ni igikorwa cyatangijwe na Perezida Paul Kagame ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2016, ari hamwe n’abayobozi ba Zipline, ikigo cyo muri Amerika gikora drones zikoreshwa mu bwikorezi bwo ku ntera ndende mu gihe gito cyane, ugereranyije n’imodoka.

Umusaruro mu Buvuzi

Kwihutana amaraso n’inkingo: Kuva iki gikorwa cyatangira, drones zagabanyije igihe cyakoreshwaga kiva ku masaha ane kigera ku minota 30, ndetse hamwe na hamwe bigafata iminota 15 gusa, aho amaraso n’inkingo biba bikenewe byihutirwa nk’uko byagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo Reach Alliance mu 2019.

Igihombo cy’amaraso cyaragabanutse cyane: Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku byo gutanga amaraso hagati ya 2017 na 2019, bwagaragaje ko ku bari basabye amaraso barenga 12,700, igihe cyo kuyageza aho akenewe cyagabanutse hagati y’iminota 79 na 98, ndetse amaraso yangirikaga kubera kurenza igihe agabanukaho 67%.

Kurengera ubuzima: Raporo zigaragaza ko impfu z’ababyeyi ziturutse ku kuva cyane nyuma yo kubyara zagabanutseho 51%, kandi kugabanuka kw’izo mpfu kwagizwemo uruhare n’amaraso yoherezwa hakoreshejwe drones nk’uko byatangajwe mu nyigo yashyizwe ahagaragara na Kaminuza ya Mount Kigali University ku wa 06 Nyakanga 2025, ifatanyije n’igitangazamakuru DroneLife kabuhariwe mu makuru arebana n’ikoreshwa rya drones.

Umusaruro mu Buhinzi n’Ibidukikije

Ubuhinzi bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse (Precision farming): Drones zifite ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho yihariye (multispectral imaging) ku buryo zishobora no gutahura indwara z’ibihingwa hakiri kare.

Urugero rutangwa mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na MKU, ni aho drones zavumbuye indwara imunga ibigori bikiri mu murima (maize fungal infection), bituma hakoreshwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyifatirana itarakwirakwira, bityo ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko rigabanuka ku kigero cya 30% n’umusaruro uriyongera.

Imishinga mishya itanga icyizere: Hari ubufatanye burimo kuvuka hagati y’ibigo byo mu Buyapani, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Rwanda, bugamije gusuzuma uko ubuhinzi bugezweho bugira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abaturage.

Amategeko n’udushya ku kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima

Amabwiriza ashingiye ku musaruro: Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iby’indege za gisivile mu Rwanda, gitanga impushya zo kugurutsa indege n’amabwiriza y’umutekano, bigaha abakora ubushakashatsi n’igerageza uburyo bwo kubona ikirere byihuse no mu buryo bworoshye, nk’uko byavugiwe mu Nama y’Isi ku Bukungu yabereye i Davos mu Busuwisi ku wa 16 Mutarama 2019.

Ubuyobozi ku rwego rw’akarere: Inama y’Isi ku Bukungu yo muri Mutarama 2019, yanerekanye ko u Rwanda rumaze kuba icyitegererezo muri Afurika kubera ko amategeko rugenderaho n’ibyo rumaze kugeraho bifatika, byabereye urugero ibihugu bihana imbibi nka Tanzania na Kenya.

Drone zitwara amaraso mu buryo bwihuse, uyakeneye agatabarwa bwangu

Umusaruro wagutse n’uburambe

Umusaruro urenze ku buvuzi: Inyigo yamuritswe mu kinyamakuru cya Mount Kigali University ku wa 05 Nyakanga 2025, yerekana ko ikoreshwa rya drones mu Rwanda ryamaze kugeza mu turere 27 ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bisaga miliyoni, amaraso, inkingo, imiti irwanya uburozi n’ibiribwa by’inyunganizi.

Inyungu ku bidukikije: Gutwara ibintu hakoreshejwe utudege twa drones bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’imodoka n’ibyuma bikonjesha, bityo bigatuma ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bigabanuka ugereranyije n’imodoka zikoresha lisansi.

Inyungu ku rwego mpuzamahanga: Intambwe u Rwanda rwateye yatumye ikoranabuhanga rya drones risakara no mu bindi bihugu nka Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, u Buyapani na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho drones zikomeje kugeza ku baturage amamiliyoni y’inkingo hifashishijwe drones zisaga miliyoni 100.

Mu Rwanda, imvugo zipfobya abagore (cyangwa zisesereza, zisebya, zibatesha agaciro, cyangwa zibashinyagurira), zishobora guhanwa n’amategeko, bitewe n’uburemere n’imiterere y’izo mvugo.

Dore zimwe muri izo mvugo:

Uruvuze umugore ruvuga umuhoro

Imvugo ‘Uruvuze umugore ruvuga umuhoro’, usibye gushaka gupyinagaza umugore, yuzuyemo no kumupfobya no kugaragaza ko icyo avuze cyose gishobora guteza impagarara mu muryango, bityo agahora afatwa nk’umuntu ugomba kuba nyirandarwemeye, nta kugira icyo arenza ku ijambo rivuzwe n’umugabo uwo ari we wese, n’iyo cyaba kibangamiye umuryango mugari.

Umugabo umwe agerwa kuri nyina

Iyi mvugo na yo yumvikanishaga ko umugabo umwe adashobora kwikura mu bibazo wenyine adafatanyije n’abandi, bityo bakamugereranya n’umugore bashaka kuvuga ko ntacyo yakwimarira atiyambaje amaboko y’abandi bagabo.

Ayo ni ay’abagore

Iyi mvugo nubwo idahita yumvikanamo gupfobya umugore mu buryo bweruye nk’izavuzwe haruguru, na yo iri mu zo kwitonderwa bitewe n’igihe ikoreshejwe, uyibwiwe n’impamvu ayibwiwe.

Ni imvugo ishaka kumvikanisha ko abagore bagira amagambo menshi cyangwa amatiku, cyangwa ari abantu badashobotse. Ni hahandi usanga n’umugabo ugira amatiku bavuga ko agira amagambo nk’ay’abagore, boshye kugira amatiku bireba igitsina runaka!

Abagore mwabaye mute! (Abagore we!)

Izi mvugo na zo ntizihita zumvikanamo gusebanya cyangwa gutukana, ariko mu miterere yazo zumvikanamo agasuzuguro gashingiye ku gitsina.

Ese amategeko ateye ate?

1. Itegeko Ngenga No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryerekeye ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ririmo ingingo zishobora gukoreshwa mu guhana imvugo zipfobya abagore:

Ingingo ya 140: Gutukana

Umuntu wese utuka undi, amuharabika cyangwa amusebya mu buryo bushobora kumwangiriza isura mu bandi, aba akoze icyaha.

Igihano: Igifungo kuva ku mezi 8 kugeza ku myaka 2, n’ihazabu y’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda ashobora kugera kuri Miliyoni imwe.

Ingingo ya 121: Gukoresha amagambo cyangwa imyitwarire isuzuguritse

Ukoresha amagambo, ibimenyetso cyangwa ibikorwa bigamije gusebya, gutesha agaciro, cyangwa gutesha icyubahiro undi muntu bitewe n’igitsina, imiterere ye, cyangwa igitekerezo, aba akoze icyaha.

Igihano: Igifungo kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku myaka 2 n’ihazabu.

2. Itegeko No 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rigenga kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.

Iri tegeko ryemerera guhagurukira amagambo, ibikorwa, cyangwa imyitwarire yose igaragaza ivangura n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.

Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku magambo

Iri hohoterwa ririmo gukoresha amagambo asesereza, ateye isoni cyangwa arimo imvugo zifatwa nk’izibasira umuntu kubera igitsina cye.

Igihano: Ibihano bigenwa bitewe n’uburemere, birimo no gufungwa cyangwa gutanga indishyi.

Icyitonderwa:

• Imvugo zipfobya abagore kuri murandasi (internet), imbuga nkoranyamba (social media) na zo zishobora gufatwa nk’icyaha, cyane cyane iyo zisesereza cyangwa zikangurira urwango (cyber harassment).
• Hari inzego nk’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB), cyangwa izindi nka Gender Monitoring Office (GMO) na Umurenge Gender Officer, zishobora kwakira ibirego.

Ubukangurambaga bwa ‘HeForShe’

HeForShe ni ubukangurambaga mpuzamahanga bwatangijwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bagore (UN Women), bugamije guteza imbere uburinganira binyuze mu gushishikariza abagabo n’abasore kugira uruhare rugaragara mu gushyigikira uburenganzira bw’abagore, no kwamagana ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina.

Ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bushyigikiye HeForShe

Mu 2014, u Rwanda rwashyizwe mu bihugu 10 byatoranyijwe mu gushyigikira ubukangurambaga bwaHeForShe.

Inkuru bijyanye:

Pro-Femme yashyigikiye Perezida Kagame muri kampanye ya HeforShe

Icyo gihe Perezida Paul Kagame yahize imihigo itatu y’ingenzi ku ruhare rw’u Rwanda muri iyo gahunda:
1. Gukuraho ubusumbane mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga.
2. Gukuba inshuro eshatu umubare w’abakobwa biga mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (TVET).
3. Kurandura ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina binyuze mu kongerera imbaraga inzego zibishinzwe no kubahiriza amategeko.

Perezida Kagame ashyigikiye HeForShe

Ibyagezweho n’Ubuyobozi bwa Kagame:

• Ku rwego rw’Isi, u Rwanda rufite umubare munini w’abagore bari mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko (hejuru ya 60%).
• Hashyizweho amategeko n’ingamba zikomeye zigamije guteza imbere uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umugore.
• Perezida Kagame yagaragaje ko uburinganire atari impano ihabwa abagore, ahubwo ari uburenganzira bwabo ndetse n’inkingi ikomeye y’iterambere ry’Igihugu.
• Umubare w’abakobwa bari mu mashuri uri hejuru y’umubare w’abahungu:

Inkuru bijyanye:

Imibare y’abakobwa bari mu ishuri isigaye iruta iy’abahungu

Uruhare rwa Perezida Kagame muri HeForShe rwuzuzanya n’intego rusange z’Igihugu mu guteza imbere imiyoborere ihuriweho na bose, no guteza imbere abaturage.

Reka dufate urugero rw’ibikoresho byo kumviraho umuziki ushobora gusanga utari uzi ko byigeze kubaho, bitewe n’imyaka ufite cyangwa aho wakuriye bitarigeze bihagera.

1. Tourne disque (record players)

Iyi ni imashini yikaraga yafashaga kumva indirimbo zafatiwe ku kintu kimeze nk’igisahane kinini (paper tape / disque), ikagira n’akuma kariho agashinge kari gashinzwe gusoma amajwi ari kuri disque, kakayohereza mu ndangururamajwi.

Tourne disque yahimbwe n’Umunyamerika witwa Thomas Edison mu 1877, itangira ikoreshwa mu kubika ubutumwa bw’amajwi kuri disque. Yatangiye gukoreshwa mu ruganda rwa muzika guhera mu 1940 kugeza mu 1960, ari bwo hadukaga icyuma gisoma kasete (lecteurs de cassettes/cassette players) cyashoboraga gusohora no gufata amajwi kuri kasete.

2. Lecteurs de cassettes / Tape players

Iki ni cya gikoresho gisoma kasete twavuze haruguru cyasimbuye igisoma disque, cyahimbwe mu 1962 n’Umuholandi witwa Lou Ottens ari kumwe na bagenzi be bakoranaga muri Philips, uruganda rwo mu Budage rukora ibintu bitandukanye birimo n’amaradiyo asoma kasete (radio cassette player).

Kasete na radiyo kasete ni byo byabereye ikiraro iterambere rya muzika ku isi hose, kuko byatumye abacuruza indirimbo babasha kuzisakaza henshi bitabahenze, ariko biba n’intandaro yo gutubura ibihangano by’abandi nta burenganzira.

3. Walkman (Cassette Players)

Uko uruganda rwa muzika rwakomezaga kugenda rutera imbere, ni ko abahanga mu gufata no kubika amajwi bakomezaga kuvumbura udushya kugira ngo abaguzi barusheho kunyurwa by’umwihariko abakunda muzika.

Radiyo kasete zimaze kwamamara hagati ya 1970 na 1980, ni bwo haje Walkman nk’igikoresho cyasomaga kasete gusa bifashishije indangururamajwi zo mu matwi (headphones). Walkman yabaga ari nto cyane ugereranyije na radiyo kasete kuko yo (Walkman) nta kindi yakoraga usibye kuyumviraho umuziki umuntu ari mu nzira, mu modoka cyangwa uryamye.

Walkman yahogoje benshi hagati ya 1980 na 1990, ku buryo umusore wabaga ayifite yafatwaga nk’umusirimu wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, inkumi na zo zigakunda kumuba hafi cyane.

Walkman zahimbwe mu 1979 n’Umuyapani witwa Masaru IBUKA, umwe mu bashinze uruganda rwa SONY, zitangira gukendera aho bashyiriye ku isoko ibikoresho bisoma amajwi ari ku masede CDs.

4. Discman (Portable CD Players)

Iki gikoresho nacyo ni nka Walkman, bigatandukanira ko cyo kijyamo amasede ari na yo yasimbuye amakasete. Discman zakanyujijeho hagati ya 1990 na 2000, ariko na zo zaje hariho amaradiyo ashobora gusoma kasete na CD.

Radiyo zisoma kasete na sede, zatangiye gukendera aho bakoreye ibisoma amajwi bizwi nka MP3 players na telefone zigezweho bituma abantu batongera kurushywa no kugendana Discman n’amasede yo kumva. Discman yahimbwe n’Umuyapani witwa Katsuaki Tsurushima mu 1983.

5. MiniDisc Players

MiniDisc players na zo zaziye rimwe na Discman ariko zo zikajyamo udusede duto cyane. Aho zaberega nziza kurusha mukuru wazo (Discman), ni uko minidisc player zajyagamo udusede duto twashoboraga gushyirwaho amajwi ukaba wakongera ukayasiba (rewritable), kandi zigatanga amajwi ayunguruye kurushaho kandi zikanatwarika neza.

Minidisc players na zo zashyizwe ku isoko n’uruganda rwa Sony mu 1986, ziza kuburizwamo n’ibikoresho bisoma amajwi (MP3 players) mu 1997, ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyira amajwi kuri murandasi (audio streaming) ndetse na telefone zigezweho (smart phones) guhera mu 2000 kugeza magingo aya.

6. MP3 players

Nubwo MP3 players zitakigaragara cyane mu bantu, ziracyari ku isoko kuko ikoranabuhanga ryazo ryakomeje kuzamuka, ahanini bitewe n’uko hari abantu badakunda kumvira umuziki kuri telefone zabo kugira ngo batimarira umuriro, bagahitamo gukoresha MP3 players.

Ubuki butavangiye ntibupimishwa ijisho

Reka dufate urugero rw’ubuki nk’ikiribwa gikenerwa na benshi ku Isi, kandi ugasanga henshi abantu bahurira ku muco wo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwabwo bakoresheje uburyo gakondo, cyangwa gupimisha ijisho (budashingiye kuri sayansi).

Umukozi w’Ikigo gishinzwe Kugenzura Ibiribwa n’Imiti mu Rwanda (Rwanda FDA), mu Ishami rigenzura Ubuziranenge bw’Ibiribwa, Désiré Musangwa, avuga ko ubuki ari ikiribwa kiba gikoze ku buryo bw’umwimerere, ikiba gisigaye ari ugutunganywa kigakurwamo umwanda mbere yo gushyirwa ku isoko.

Rwanda FDA irebera ubuziranenge bw’ubuki mu bice bibiri: Ababukora n’ababucuruza; aba bombi bahabwa ibyangombwa nyuma yo gukora ubugenzuzi no kureba niba bafite ibyasabwe birimo imashini n’abakozi n’uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuki bagakuramo imyanda idakenewe, kandi bakaba bafite n’inyandiko zifasha umuguzi kumenya uko buteye n’uburyo bwo kubukoresha.

Musangwa avuga ko umuntu wese ugiye kugura ubuki n’ikindi kiribwa icyo ari cyo cyose, nk’umuntu wa nyuma uba ugiye guhura nacyo, agomba kubanza kureba niba cyujuje ubuziranenge.

Musangwa aragira ati “Igihe ugiye kugura ubuki, ugomba kureba niba buriho ibirango byerekana uwabukoze, aho abarizwa, telefone, niba nta myanda irimo, bupfundikiye neza kandi butariciyemo ibice. Hari igihe buba buvanze n’ibindi bintu bitari ubuki ugasanga bimwe biri hasi ibindi biri hejuru.”

Musangwa akomeza agira ati “Umuguzi rero ntabwo aba agomba kuza ngo aterure ajyane atabanje kureba ibyo byose. Ikindi kandi igihe abonye ibintu nk’ibyo, agomba kwihutira kuduha amakuru kugira ngo dukurikirane, n’abakora bene ibyo babe bahabwa ibihano.”

Usibye kuba umuntu yagura ubuki bwongewemo ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima, ubuki bw’umwimerere nabwo bushobora kwangirika bitewe no kubikwa nabi. Rwanda FDA ivuga ko ubuki bugomba kubikwa ahantu hatarengeje ubushyuhe buri ku gipimo cya 25-27o, kuko iyo birenze ubuki burangirika.

Gupimisha ubuki ijisho ntibyemewe

Nk’uko bisobanurwa n’ikigo cyo mu Buhinde kabuhariwe mu buziranenge bw’ubuki, Bharat Honey, mu bituburisho (adulterants) inganda zikunze kongera mu buki ku rwego rw’Isi, ibizwi cyane ni urusukume rukomoka ku muceri (rice syrup) urukomoka ku bigori, HFCS (High Fructose Corn Syrup), uruvange rw’isukari z’ubwoko bubiri, glucose na fructose (Invert Sugar), n’urusukume rw’isukari (Liquid Glucose).

Ibi bituburisho uko ari bine, ubwabyo ni isukari nsa, igenda ikivanga n’iy’umwimerere iba mu buki, inganda zikabasha kubushyira ku isoko ari bwinshi kandi zidahenzwe, umuguzi ntabe yabasha kubutandukanya n’ubutavangiye.

Ikigo Bharat Honey kivuga ko usibye kwangiza umwimerere w’ubuki, ibyo bituburisho bigira ingaruka ku buzima zirimo indwara zitandura (diyabete, umuvuduko, umubyibuho ukabije…), kandi kugira ngo bigaragare mu buki, bigasaba amasuzuma akorwa n’ababishinzwe.

Ni amasuzuma akorerwa muri Laboratwari bakamenya inkomoko y’ibintu karemano inzuki zifashishije zikora ubuki, bakanabasha kuvumbura ibindi bintu byongewemo byaba ibisanzwe bizwi (biriya bine twavuze) n’ibitazwi.

Mu gihe imbuga nkoranyambaga zirimo YouTube, zikomeza kugenda zerekana uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’ubuki ukoresheje ijisho, ikigo Bharat Honey kivuga ko ubwo buryo butagomba kwizerwa kuko nta shingiro rya sayansi buba bufite.

Urutonde rw’abemerewe gukora ubuki mu Rwanda

Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibiribwa n’Imiti, Rwanda FDA, muri Gicurasi 2025 cyashyize ahagaragara urutonde ruriho amazina y’inganda zifite ibyangombwa byo gukora ubuki:

 Apiculture Innovation Ltd
 M&M Sozo Ltd
 3N Farms Ltd
 Buranga General Business Ltd
 Amahoro Nice Company Ltd
 Enix-Ct Co
 Suppliers of Original Food and Honey
 Mp Services Just En Co Ltd
 Api Business Development Company
 Azizi Life Ltd

Uru rutonde rwashyizweho umukono ku wa 08 Gicurasi 2025, ruri ku rubuga rwa Rwanda FDA: https://rwandafda.gov.rw/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/LIST-OF-LICENSED-FOOD-MANUFACTURERS-APRIL2025.pdf

Urutonde rwaherukaga gutangazwa mu 2021 rwari urw’agateganyo, rwariho amoko arindwi y’ubuki bwemewe gucururizwa ku isoko ry’u Rwanda, nyuma y’uko mu gihugu hari hamaze kugaragara ubutujuje ubuziranenge.

Muri ayo moko harimo ubwitwa Uburanga Honey, Aux Delices, Ishema Rwanda Natural Honey, MP Honey, BB & Daughters Honey, ABDC Honey na Gishwati Natural Honey.

Mu 2021 kandi, Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, rweretse itangazamakuru abantu barimo umwe wari ufite uruganda rwitwaga ko rukora ubuki, aho yafataga ibinyesukari byitwa Maltose biva mu Bushinwa akavangamo n’ibindi binyabutabire bikagira ibara nk’iry’ubuki, ubundi agashyira mu macupa akagurisha.

Reba videwo y’abafashwe na RIB mu 2021 bashinjwa gucuruza ubuki butujuje ubuziranenge:

Rutikanga witabye Imana mu 2022 azize uburwayi ku myaka 66, akomoka ahahoze ari muri Komine Ruhondo muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, ariko yakuriye i Lubumbashi muri Katanga mu cyahoze ari Zaïre, aho ise yagiye gukorera Ababiligi mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Rutikanga yavukanye n’impanga ye Ndagijimana Sylvain tariki 12 Mata 1956, bajya muri Zaïre ari impinja z’amezi atandatu, bagaruka mu Rwanda mu 1975 ari bonyine kuko abandi barimo bakuru babo basigaranye n’ababyeyi.

Mu biganiro byinshi Rutikanga yagiye yumvikanamo kuri radiyo, televiziyo n’ibinyamakuru byandika, yavugaga ko ari we watangije umukino w’Iteramakofe mu Rwanda. Ibi kandi byemezwa n’impanga ye Ndagijimana Sylvain w’imyaka 69 ari nawe wavutse mbere (gakuru).

Mu kiganiro Nyiringanzo kuri KT Radio muri Gicurasi 2025, Ndagijimana yatubwiye ko we n’impanga ye nyakwigendera Rutikanga, batangiye kwiga iteramokofe bari mu mashuri abanza muri Zaïre, mu nzu y’urubyiruko (Maison des Jeunes) y’ahitwa Kipushi. Ndagijimana avuga ko bahuriragayo n’urundi rubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda barimo n’abacuranze muri Orchestre Impala.

Ndagijimana ati “Hariya ni ho twahuriraga n’abacuranzi benshi barimo ba Soso Mado, we twaraniganye mu wa gatanu primaire. Bo bazaga kwiga umuziki njyewe n’umuvandimwe wanjye (Rutikanga) tukajya muri boxe,”

Ndagijimana akomeza avuga ko bahahuriye n’abandi bacuranze mu mpala barimo Sebigeri Paul (Mimi la rose), wabaga Kolwezi, Fidel Jakar, Kali wa njenje na Maitre Lubangi.

Ndagijimana ati “Abo bose bari bagize Orchestre Impala, hamwe natwe nk’Abanyarwanda, twaravugaga tuti tugomba kwiga ibintu nk’ibi tukazabijyana iwacu mu Rwanda kuko nta miziki yari ihari, nta mikino njyarugamba yari ihari, byakinwaga gusa n’abasirikare b’abakomando n’abarinda umukuru w’igihugu, n’abanyeshuri bo muri kaminuza,”

Aho bagarukiye mu Rwanda mu 1975, ngo bagerageje gutangiza iteramakofi ariko leta ya Habyarimana irabananiza. Na mbere yaho ngo bajyaga baza mu biruhuko ku butegetsi bwa Kayibanda (1961-1973), bakandikira abari bashinzwe urubyiruko na siporo ntibabasubize.

Ndagijimana ati “N’abadusubizaga, batubwiraga ko imikino njyarugamba ari iy’abasirikare gusa, ko badashobora kwemerera abasivile kuyiga, ngo hato batazakubita abasirikare!”
Mu 1976, ni bwo baje kugira amahirwe yo kubonana n’umwe mu basirikare bakuru witwaga komanda Nsengiyumva ‘Makofe’ wigishaga abasirikare kurwana, abagira inama yo kujya mu ngabo z’u Rwanda kugira ngo abe ari ho bazajya kwigisha iteramakofe.

Barabyemeye binjira muri Jandarumori (Gendarmerie), boherezwa mu myitozo y’abakomando mu Bigogwe, Rutikanga ahitwara neza cyane kuko yahavanye umudari wa mbere (Brevet A), impanga ye Ndagijimana abona uwa kabiri (Brevet B).

Ndagijimana akomeza avuga ko baje gusezera mu gisirikare nyuma yo kubona ko atari ho inzozi zabo zo guteza imbere iteramakofe zizabera impamo. Ku bw’amahirwe ariko, ngo haje kubaho umuminisitiri warebaga kure witwa Nteziryayo Siméon wari warize iburayi aho iteramakofe ryateye imbere cyera; maze abemerera gutegura umukino wa mbere wemewe n’amategeko ku butaka bw’u Rwanda mu 1977.

Uwo mukino wabahuje bombi (Rutikanga n’impanga ye Ndagijimana) ubera mu nzu mberabyombyi y’ishuri rya Lycée Notre Dame de Cîteaux i Kigali, hari n’abandi bakinnyi bagendaga bahura hagati yabo.

Ndagijimana avuga ko wabaye umukino w’amateka, ari nawo ahanini baheraho bavuga ko wabimburiye indi yose mu Rwanda. Gusa byakomeje kugenda biguruntege kuko hari n’igihe abashinzwe umutekano bajyaga bata muri yombi abakina imikino njyarugamba bose bavuga ko ari abanyarugomo.

Baje kwemerwa ku mugaragaro mu 1986, ishyirahamwe ry’imikino njyarugamba rihabwa ubuzimagatozi, Rutikanga na Ndagijimana bakomeza gukina banabijyanisha no gutoza no gusifura, ariko nabwo bikomeza gucumbagira.

Byaje gushyirwamo imbaraga nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Rutikanga na Ndagijimana bakomeza urugamba rwo kuzamura iteramakofi nabwo mu ngorane nyinshi kubera ko nubundi nta mbaraga umukino wari warashyizwemo zihagije mu ntangiriro.
Ariko byibuze Rutikanga yatabarutse yaramaze kwambikwa umudari hamwe n’impanga ye Ndagijimana mu 2019, nk’ishimwe ry’uruhare bagize mu kuzamura iteramakofe.

Ndagijimana avuga ko bakiri muri Zaïre bitabiraga amarushanwa atandukanye Rutikanga akahitwara neza, bageze no mu Rwanda akomeza kuba indashyikirwa. Urugero ni umukino wa mbere bahagarariyemo u Rwanda i Goma mu 1983, Abazayirwa bakavuga ko bagiye gukubita ba ‘Muraho’, babasanisha n’indamukanyo yabo.

Rutikanga ngo byaramurakaje cyane, umukino utangiye agukubitira Umuzayirwa biratinda, undi abonye asumbirijwe atangira kumuhunga kugira ngo atamugarika, ibyo bita Knock Out (KO), birangira abasifuzi b’Abazayirwa bavuze ko banganyije, Abanyarwanda bataha barakaye cyane.

Umukino wo kwishyura wabereye ku Gisenyi, Rutikanga aza yiyemeje kwihimura. Ndagijimana wari wagiye ari umusifuzi icyo gihe, avuga ko impanga ye yakubise Umuzayirwa agacika ururimi, hashize igihe gito bajya gukinira i Burundi, ariko Abarundi banga gukina kuko bari bafite amakuru ko Rutikanga yaciye Umuzayirwa ururimi, Abanyarwanda bataha badakinnye ariko icyo gihe ngo bakiriwe nk’intwari.

Nyuma y’aho ni bwo bagiye gukina muri Tanzania mu 1987 kuri Kayitaba Stadium, ahitwa Bukoba mu Ntara ya Kagera, bagezeyo naho Abatanzaniya babanza kubatera ubwoba bavuga ngo dukubite ba ‘Muraho’ nk’uko byagenze muri Zaire kuko Abanyarwanda nta bafana benshi bari babaherekeje.

Rutikanga yagiye ari umukinnyi, Ndagijimana agenda ari umusifuzi. Umukino ukimara gutangira, Rutikanga ngo yahase Umutanzaniya amakofe y’imyungikanyo, amukubita atandatu yose undi ntaryo arazibukira, yitura hasi arahwera (KO) bamujyana kwa muganga, u Rwanda ruhakura intsinzi kubera Rutikanga Ferdinand wari warabaye icyamamare mu karere.

Uwo mukino ni wo Rutikanga yajyaga ateramo urwenya avuga ko yakubise Umutanzaniya bakamusaka inyundo. Ku bw’amahirwe ariko uwo Mutanzaniya ngo yarazanzamutse nk’uko Ndagijimana yabibwiye KT Radio.

Gukunda iteramakofi, Rutikanga ahanini ngo yabikundishijwe n’umuteramakofe w’ibihe byose, Mohammed Ali, warwaniye i Kinshasa na mugenzi we George Foreman mu mukino bise ‘Rumble in the jungle’ wabaye kuwa 29 Ukwakira 1974 ku butumire bwa Perezida Mobutu Seseseko. Bombi ni abirabura b’Abanyamerika bitabye Imana mu bihe bitandukanye (Mohammed 2016; Foreman 2025).

Tariki 24 Kanama 2018, ubwo Rutikanga yari afite imyaka 60, yasezeye burundu ku iteramakofe mu mukino wa kivandimwe wamuhuje n’impanga ye Ndagijimana muri Convention Centre, Rutikanga ahabwa igikombe cy’ishimwe. Bombi babaye mu matsinda (clubs) atandukanye arimo iryitwa Inkuba, rikinamo umwana wa Rutikanga witwa Umwanawase Dominique Savio.

Rutikanga Ferdinand yitabye Imana kuwa 11 Nyakanga 2022 azize kanseri ya prostate, mu rugo rwe i Ndera mu Karere ka Gasabo, asiga umugore n’abana batanu.

Kurikira ikiganiro n’impanga ya Rutikanga, Ndagijimana Sylvain muri Nyiringanzo:

Dr Murangira yasobanuye amayeri akomeje gukoreshwa mu icuruzwa ry’abantu

Ibi bibaye nyuma y’uko inzego zishinzwe umutekano, ku wa 23 Mata 2025 zigaruye Abanyarwanda 10 bari barajyanywe muri Myanmar bashukwa guhabwayo akazi, kandi nyamara bari barajyanywe gukoreshwa imirimo y’agahato.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’itangazamakuru kuri uyu wa Mbere, Umuvugizi wa RIB, Dr Murangira B Thierry, yavuze ko abajyanwa mu mahanga gukoreshwa imirimo y’agahato akenshi ari ababa bijejwe akazi keza.

Dr Murangira yagize ati “Bari barijejwe akazi keza, kuzakora muri za ‘call centers’ aho babizezaga n’umushahara utubutse, hagati y’Amadolari 1000 na 1500, babizeza ko uko bakora neza bazajya bongezwa.”

Dr Murangira yavuze ko amayeri asigaye akoreshwa n’abacuruza abantu arimo kubabeshya kubashakira impushya zo kuba mu mahanga (visa), amashuri n’ibindi, ndetse aboneraho no gusaba Abanyarwanda kugira amakenga ku muntu batazi ubashukisha kubakorera serivisi runaka.

Yunzemo ko ubwo bugizi bwa nabi bukorwa mu buryo butandukanye, aho bamwe bifashisha imbuga nkoranyambaga, abifashisha ibigo bifasha abantu kubashakira amashuri, za buruse, za visa n’ibindi.

Umuvugizi wa RIB kandi yasobanuye ko iyo bigeze ku bakobwa ho biba bibi cyane, kuko hari n’abajya gukoreshwa uburaya n’indi mirimo ibatesha agaciro.

Dr Murangira ati “Bashobora kugenda bakagukoresha akazi k’uburetwa, hari n’abo bashora mu buraya, hari abakurwamo ingingo z’umubiri, abandi bagakoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi.”

Hari amakuru avuga ko hari abaturage b’u Rwanda bajyanywe mu bihugu bya Asia nka Myanmar na Laos, bakomeje gusaba Leta y’u Rwanda ko yabafasha kugaruka.

Umuvugizi wa RIB, yabwiye itangazamakuru ko Leta y’u Rwanda irimo gukorana n’ibihugu bivugwamo ibyo byaha, ku buryo ababikora batabwa muri yombi.

RIB yatangaje ko kuva muri Kamena 2024 kugeza muri Gicurasi 2025, Abanyarwanda 105, bagaruwe mu Rwanda bavanywe mu bihugu bari baragiye gucuruzwamo.

RIB kandi ivuga ko kuva muri Kamena 2019 kugeza muri Nyakanga 2024, abantu 39 bagaruriwe ku kibuga cy’indege bari mu nzira zo kujyanwa gucuruzwa, mu gihe hagati ya Nyakanga 2024 na Werurwe 2025 haburijwemo umugambi wo kujyana abantu 57 bari bagiye gucuruzwa bagarurwa batarurira indege.

Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha rwagaragaje ko mu bantu 297 bakoreweho icuruzwa ry’abantu mu myaka itanu ishize, abagore ari bo bibasiwe cyane ku kigero cya 75% mu gihe abagabo bari ku kigero cya 25%.

Si byiza gukoresha telefone iri ku muriro

Muri rusange nta kibazo, ariko kuyikoresha igihe kirekire iri ku muriro bishobora gutuma ishyuha cyane bikaba byagira ingaruka ku buzima bwa batiri yayo. Urubuga quora.com rukunze kugira abasomyi inama ku bintu bitandukanye, ruvuga ko nubwo nta kibazo gihari, ibyiza ari ukwirinda kuyikoresha imirimo iremereye igihe urimo kuyisharija kuko bifasha batiri kuramba.

Uruganda rukora telefone za Samsung ku rubuga rwa murandasi narwo rwemeza ko nta kibazo gihari gukoresha telefone ibintu bitaremereye igihe iri ku muriro, kuko batiri yayo yinjiza umuriro buhoro ugereranyije n’igihe urimo kuyisharija utayikoresha.

Gukoresha Bluetooth igihe urimo gusharija

Ibi nabyo nta kibazo biteza, usibye ko bituma batiri itinda kuzura kubera ko Bluetooth ikoresha umuriro mwinshi. Inama nziza ariko ni ukwirinda kugira ibindi uyikoresha igihe urimo kumva indirimbo ukoresheje Bluetooth, kuko nabyo bituma batiri ishyuha cyane.

Gukoresha telefone hanze ku zuba ryinshi

Iyo urimo gukoresha telefone igezweho (smartphone) uri ku zuba rikaze imirasire yaryo ikayigeraho ako kanya, bituma ishyuha cyane bikangiza batiri, ikirahure cyayo n’ibice biyigize by’imbere. Gushyuha cyane kwa telefone bishobora kugabanya imikorere yayo ugasanga itangiye kujya yizimya bya hato na hato.

Imirasire y’izuba ikarishe ishobora kwangiza ikirahure cya telefone buhoro buhoro, kigatakaza kwerekana amabara n’umucyo.

Kubika telefone mu mufuka

Ikigo ‘National Center for Health Research’ gisaba abantu kwirinda gushyira telefone mu mufuka, ku mukandara cyangwa ahandi hantu hose hegereye umubiri kuko telefone zigendanwa zisakaza ingufu zizwi nka ‘radiation’, kabone n’ubwo waba utarimo kuyikoresha, kandi izo ngufu zikaba zigira ingaruka ku buzima.

Indi nama bakugira ni ukwirinda gukoresha telefone igendanwa uri mu bice by’icyaro cyangwa ahandi hose hari umurongo w’itumanaho udahagije. Iyo umuntu ari kure y’umunara wa telefone ni ko ingufu za radiation zisakara ari nyinshi.

Radiation n’ingaruka zayo ku buzima

Ingufu za radiation zisakazwa n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu isanzure cyangwa mu bindi binyabuzima rukana. Radiation zibaho mu buryo butandukanye, bitewe n’ukuntu ingufu zigenda n’uburyo zikorana n’ibindi bintu birimo n’ibinyabuzima.

Hari amoko abiri nyamukuru ya radiation:

1.Radiation zangiza uturemangingo (Ionizing Radiation)

• Ni radiation zifite ingufu nyinshi zishobora gukamura ingufu zangiza (electrons) zigahinduka utunyabuzima duto cyane (atoms).

• Zishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’ibinyabuzima, bikaba byatera ibikomere, kanseri no kumva umuntu amerewe nabi mu mubiri.

Ingero:

• Imirasire itagaragara (X-rays)
• Imirasire ya gamma (Gamma rays)
• Uduce twa alpha na beta (duturuka mu bintu birimo imirasire y’ubumara)

2. Radiation zitangiza uturemangingo (Non-ionizing Radiation)

Ni radiation zifite ingufu nke zitabasha kugira icyo zangiza, ariko zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bintu birimo n’ibinyabuzima, nko kubishyushya.

Uko radiation ikora

Ubu bwoko bwa radiation buramutse buri ku rugero rurenze, na zo zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima.

Ingero:

• Imirongo y’amajwi (Radio waves)
• Imirasire ishyushya (microwaves)
• Imirasire itagaragara (infrared)
• Urumuri rubonwa n’amaso (Visible light)
• Imirasire isanzwe y’izuba cyangwa imikorano isa n’ibara rya viyole ultraviolet (UV)

Aho ingufu za radiation zikunze guturuka:

Karemano: Izuba (UV rays), gaze izwi nka radon, imirasire y’ikirere (cosmic rays),

Imikorano: Imashini za X-ray, ibyuma bikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi (nuclear), amashyiga ya mikoro onde (microwave), telefoni zigendanwa.

SAMIDRC yatangiye gusubizayo ibikoresho byayo guhera kuwa 29 Mata 2025, hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Amajyepfo (SADC) cyafashwe kuwa ya 13 Werurwe 2025, kirebana no guhagarika ubutumwa bwayo.

Kuri iyi nshuro, amakamyo 35 ni yo yakoreshejwe atwaye ibikoresho bya gisirikare byanyujijwe mu Rwanda byerekeza muri Tanzania. Yahagurutse ahagana mu ma saa kumi z’umugoroba aturutse ahazwi nko mu Rugerero mu Karere ka Rubavu akomeza yerekeza Musanze-Kigali.

Mu bigo bya gisirikare bya Goma no mu nkengero za Sake haracyakambitse abasirikare ba SAMIDRC, bikaba byitezwe ko bose bazataha ibikoresho byabo bimaze gusubirayo byose.

Icyiciro cya gatandatu cy’ibikoresho bya SAMIDRC cyaherukaga kunyuzwa mu Rwanda tariki 19 Gicurasi 2025.

Mukandutiye ni umugore wagaragaje uruhare rukomeye mu gutoza Interahamwe afatanyije na Colonel Renzaho Tharcisse wari Perefe w’Umujyi wa Kigali. Renzaho yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwari rwarashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha muri Tanzania (ICTR), rumukatira igifungo cya Burundu.

Angeline yakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca adahari aza gutabwa muri yombi mu Kuboza 2019 n’ingabo za Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo (RDC) ari hamwe n’abandi 200 bafatanyaga mu bikorwa byo guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare irimo FDLR yiganjemo abagize uruhare muri Jenoside.

Mukandutiye Angeline akomoka ahahoze ari muri Komini Giciye muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, akaba yari umugore wa Jean Sahunkuye wo mu muryango wa Gen. Maj. Juvénal Habyarimana wari Perezida w’u Rwanda.

Mukandutiye yari atuye muri Rugenge mu Mujyi wa Kigali ahari hamenyerewe nko mu Kiyovu cy’abakene abandi bita mu Kiyovu cyo hepfo, munsi y’amashuri abanza ya Ste Famille. Abamuzi bemeza ko mbere ya mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Mukandutiye ngo yagaragaraga nk’ufitanye umubano mwiza n’Abatutsi by’umwihariko abo bari baturanye, kuko hari n’abo yabyariraga abana muri batisimu.

Icyakora ubwo Colonel Gervais Rwendeye wo mu muryango wa Mukandutiye yicwaga aguye ku ntambara hagati y’izari ingabo z’u Rwanda (EX-FAR) n’iza RPA mu 1990, Mukandutiye ngo yahise yerura yerekana uwo ari we.

Uruhare rwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni uruhurirane kuko yagaragaye no mu bikorwa byo gutoza Interahamwe no kuzigezaho ibikoresho yahabwaga na Col Renzaho, imyitozo yo kurasa no gutera grenade bigakorerwa mu kigo cyari kiri munsi y’ibiro by’akagali ka Rugenge, aho bari barahimbye kuri CND.

Mukandutiye nawe ubwe yajyaga mu bitero yambaye ishati ya gisirikare y’amabara ahetse n’imbunda.

Gukoresha telefone mu kuvumbura Abatutsi

Jenoside imaze gutangira, Mukandutiye nk’umuntu wari ukuriye uburezi muri Nyarugenge yatumaga Interahamwe zirimo abo yari azi neza bari bararangije kwiga kuri Ste Famille nk’ikigo nawe ubwe yigeze kubera umuyobozi, hanyuma akabatuma guhiga Abarimu b’Abatutsi, baba ari abo bari baturanye, n’abo mu bindi bice bya Kigali.
Iyo Interahamwe zasangaga abo zishaka kwica badahari, Mukandutiye yakoreshaga telefone yo mu rugo rwe, ubundi agahamagara abarimu bari bafite telefone zo mu rugo, akababeshya ko ashaka kuboherereza umushahara.

Uwo yabashaga kubona kuri telefone yamubazaga niba hari abandi yaba azi aho bari kugira ngo aboherereze umushara ariko ari amayeri yo kugira ngo amenye niba hari abarimu b’Abatutsi bakiriho.

Umwe mu bo yabashije kuvumbura akoresheje ubwo buryo, ni nyakwigendera Kayitesi Chantal wigishaga mu mwaka wa Gatandatu w’amashuri abanza kuri Ste Famille, wishwe na bamwe mu bo yigishije bamusanze aho yari yihishe mu rugo rw’abaturanyi nyuma y’uko Mukandutiye amenye amakuru y’uko akiriho.

Mwarimu Chantal yishwe ababajwe cyane kuko Jenoside ijya gutangira yari atwite inda y’impanga z’amezi umunani atakibasha kwihisha. Mukandutiye amaze guhamagara umwarimukazi yakekaga ko afite amakuru ya Chantal, yamubwiye ko bari bari kumwe yihisheyo, ariko aza kuhava uwo muryango utangiye kugerwa amajanja kuko uwo mwarimukazi nawe ari Umututsi ariko akagira umugabo w’Umuhutu.

Uwo mwarimukazi yibwiraga ko Mukandutiye akiri muzima mu mutwe, ni ko kumubwira ko Chantal nawe akiriho ndetse amubwira n’aho ari, ahita yoherezayo Interahamwe.

Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Mukandutiye n’ubusanzwe yahoraga atoteza mwarimu Chantal amuhora ko ngo yigishaga abana b’abakobwa kubyina indirimbo za Cécile Kayirebwa n’izindi bitaga iz’Inkotanyi.

Abarimu Mukandutiye yicishije ni benshi, barimo mwarimu Agathe wicanywe n’abana n’umugabo, mwarimu Agnes wicanywe n’abana n’umugabo, mwarimu Nyoni n’abandi benshi. Ariko urugero rw’uwo namenye uko byagenze ni urwa mwarimu Chantal wishwe abanje gukubitwa kugeza igihe inda y’impanga ze ivuyemo zikiri nzima, Interahamwe zikazitemesha imipanga atarashiramo umwuka zikamurangiza nyuma.

Yishwe ananiwe cyane kuko Interahamwe zamuvanye mu Kiyovu cyo hepfo bamuzamura ahari hazwi nko kuri SOFERWA, ubu hari Hotel Impala ku muhanda w’amabuye usohoka mu muhanda munini w’imbere y’inyubako ya CHIC werekeza kuri Hotel Okapi.

Aho hantu bari barahahimbye kuri ‘etat major’, hiciwe Abandi batutsi benshi barimo mwarimu Bosco Ibambasi wigishaga kuri Collège APACOPE, Charles Kalinganire wandikaga mu kinyamakuru KANGUKA, n’abandi benshi imibiri yabo itaraboneka kuko bamaraga Kubica bakazana amakamyo yo gutunda imibiri bakayijyana ahantu hataramenyekana kugeza ubu.

Mu nterahamwe zabishe, harimo iyamamaye ku izina rya Seseseko wo kwa Paul Bashimiki, uwitwa Murenzi n’undi wari uzwi ku izina rya Cimba. Seseseko we yatawe muri yombi atarabasha guhunga akatirwa n’inkiko Gacaca ariko aza kugwa muri gereza atarangije igihano. Abandi bo ntawe uzi irengero ryabo.

Mu rwibutso rwa Rusiga hari hasanzwe hashyinguwemo imibiri 6437, ku wa Gatandatu hongewemo imibiri 260

Minisitiri Bizimana yavuze ko bidakwiye ko hashira imyaka 31 hari abantu bagisaba uburenganzira bwo gushyingura imibiri y’ababo bishwe muri Jenoside, kubera abadatanga amakuru.

Yunzemo ko hagikenewe imbaraga mu gushimangira ubumwe n’ubworoherane mu baturage, haba ku miryango ifite ababo bemeye gutanga imbabazi, abemeye ko imibiri y’ababo yimurirwa mu nzibutso zatunganyijwe, ndetse n’abafite amakuru y’ahiciwe Abatutsi bakagira umutima wo kuherekana, kugira ngo bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro.

Minisitiri Bizimana yagize ati “Turi hano nk’Abanyarwanda bahuye n’amateka akomeye, tugomba gushyingura abacu ariko kandi haracyakenewe amakuru, tukabona n’indi miryango yishwe na bo bagashyingurwa mu cyubahiro.”

Umuyobozi w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, Mugabowagahunde Maurice, yihanganishije imiryango ifite ababo bishwe muri Jenoside baruhukiye mu rwibutso rwa Rusiga, aboneraho no kongera gusaba abaturage ba Rulindo, kwitandukanya n’abagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Mu rwibutso rwa Rusiga hari hasanzwe hashyinguwemo imibiri 6437, mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize hongewemo imibiri 260, mu Murenge wa Rusiga hakaba ari ho hateganyijwe kuba urwibutso ruri ku rwego rw’Akarere.

Min Bizimana yavuze ko bitari bikwiye kumara imyaka 31 hari abagisaba uburenganzira bwo gushyingura imibiri y’ababo kubera ko hari abanga gutanga amakuru

Min. Rwego Ngarambe(hagati)

Min Rwego ati “Ababyeyi twibuka none, abarimu, abakozi n’abanyeshuri, nta kindi badusaba uyu munsi. Gushinga APACOPE byavuye muri ubwo butwari nabo barazwe n’abababanzirije. Kuba APACOPE iriho uyu munsi, ni ubwo butwari bwakomeje, kuba izakomeza n’indi myaka 1000, 2000 n’indi irenga yose, na none ni ubwo butwari.”

Min Rwego yakomeje avuga ko ubwo butwari ari akaremangingo kagize u Rwanda rwa none kuko karenze APACOPE yaranzwe no kuba ikirenga mu bihe bitari biyoroheye ndetse gakwirakwira igihugu cyose kugeza ubu.

Min Rwgo ati “Ako ni ko karemangingo kagize igihugu cyacu uyu munsi. Turi abantu b’ikirenga, badaherwana, turi abantu muri bicye dufite tugerageza gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo u Rwanda rukomeze rube ubukombe.”

Collège APACOPE ni ishuri ryashinzwe n’ababyeyi bari barangajwe imbere na Shamukiga Charles nawe wishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ishuri barishinze mu bihe bitari byoroshye kugira ngo abana babo babashe kubona aho biga, kuko leta ya Habyarimana yaranzwe no gutoteza Abatutsi mu nzego zose z’ubuzima byagera mu burezi ho akabigirizaho nkana.

APACOPE ariko yarahanyanyaje, irakomeza ibaho kuva mu 1981, ikomeza gutotezwa no kwimwa impamyabushobozi rugeretse, kugeza mu 1990 ubwo Inkotanyi zatangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, leta ya Habyarimana igatangira kuryita ishuri ry’ibyitso by’Inkotanyi benshi barafungwa, abandi baricwa, bigeze mu 1994 hicwa abarenga 300.

Umuyobozi w’Umuryango APACOPE, Shamukiga Christine (umukobwa wa Shamukiga Charles), yavuze ko ari igihombo gikomeye ishuri ryagize kuko hishwe abantu 332 barimo abakozi, abarimu, abanyeshuri n’abashinze uwo muryango bagiye bicirwa mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu.

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Mu bindi by’ingenzi u Rwanda rwagaragaje ko bigomba gushyirwamo imbaraga, ni ukurinda abasivili mu bihe by’intambara, kwamagana amagambo abiba urwango, no gushakira ibisubizo ibibazo nyamukuru bitera amakimbirane, harimo imiyoborere mibi no kwimakaza ruswa, kandi byose bigakorwa amahanga arebera ibintu mu buryo burambye aho kubishakira ibisubizo by’igihe gito.

Iyi Nama Mpuzamahanga y’Abaminisitiri b’Ingabo yabereye Berlin mu Budage, ni urubuga rwo ku rwego rwo hejuru aho ibihugu bigaragariza umuhate wabyo no gutanga icyerekezo gishya ku bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro.

Minisitiri Marizamunda yamenyesheje bagenzi be gahunda u Rwanda rufite, zo gukomeza gutanga umusanzu warwo mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro harimo umutwe w’Ingabo zirwanira ku butaka (infantry battalion), abasirikare b’abaganga (level-2 hospital), n’abashinzwe gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance – ISR).

U Rwanda rufite Ingabo 5,900 mu butumwa bwa UN bwo kubungabunga amahoro, rukaba ari cyo gihugu cya kabiri mu gitanga ingabo nyinshi muri ako kazi nyuma ya Nepal ifite ingabo 5,950.

Uhereye iburyo; Fidèle Gatete, Jean-Paul Ntambara na Patrick Imanirutabyose bakina umupira w’amaguru w’abafite ubumuga babigize umwuga muri Turukiya

Malatya Spor Kulübü yageze kuri urwo rwego nyuma yo gutsinda ikipe ya Medical Park Samsun Disabled Power Sports Club ibitego 4-1, mu mukino wabereye ku kibuga cya Yeşiltepe, irangiza shampiyona idatsinzwe na rimwe.

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Abakuru b’Ibihugu byombi bagiranye ibiganiro

Ibiro bya Perezida wa Repubulika byatangaje ko Abakuru b’ibihugu bombi baganiriye ku bibazo byugarije isi, ubufatanye n’umubano hagati y’ibihugu byombi.

Perezida Kagame na Macron baherukaga guhura mu Kwakira 2024, ubwo Perezida Kagame yitabiraga Inama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu bihuriye ku rurimi rw’Igifaransa (Francophonie).

Mbere y’uko bahura mu Kwakira, muri Nyakanga 2024, Macron yashimye Kagame uruhare agira mu guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo n’ishoramari muri siporo, imikino, anasaba umuryango mpuzamahanga gushyiraho akawo mu gutera inkunga ibikorwa remezo muri Afurika.

Ibi Perezida Macro yabivugiye mu nama ku ruhare rwa siporo mu iterambere rirambye "Sports for Sustainable Development Summit’ yabereye i Paris muri Nyakanga 2024 mbere y’ifungurwa ry’Imikino ya Olempike.

Muri Mata, Abakuru b’ibihugu byombi bagiranye ikiganiro kuri telefone bavuga ku bufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye n’ibibazo by’umutekano mucye muri aka karere, bombi bemeranya ko hakenewe igisubizo cya politiki ku bibazo by’intambara iri mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).

Perezida Kagame na Perezida Macron bagiranye ibiganiro mu gihe impuguke ku bibazo bya Congo zirimo kuganira ku mwanzuro wa mbere w’amasezerano y’amahoro hagati ya Rwanda na RDC, yitezweho gushyirwaho umukono na Perezida Kagame na Perezida Tshisekedi muri Kamena 2025, i Washington muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) imbere ya Perezida Donald Trump.

Uretse amasezerano y’amahoro, ibihugu byombi (Rwanda na RDC) byitezweho gusinya andi masezerano y’ubufatanye na USA mu birebana n’ubukungu.

Hazashyirwaho komite ishinzwe kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibikubiye muri ayo masezerano, ikazaba igizwe n’intumwa za USA, Qatar, u Bufaransa na Togo.

Ubwo Perezida Kagame yageraga i Paris

Imishyikirano yari isanzwe iyobowe n’amasezerano y’ubufatanye hagati ya EAC na SADC, ubu yashyizwe mu maboko ya Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, Perezida wa Togo Faure Gnassingbé akaba ari we uyoboye iki gikorwa.

Turahirwa Moses yemeye icyaha cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge

Umucamanza wari uyuboye urubanza yatangiye iburanisha asoma imyirondoro ya Turahirwa, na we arayemeza, hanyuma ubushinjacyaha busoma ibyo aregwa, birimo gukoresha, kubika no kwikorera ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe n’amategeko.

Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubwo Twahirwa yatabwaga muri yombi tariki 14 Mata yasangwanywe udupfunyika 13 turimo urumogi. Bwanagaragaje ko yemeye ko yarukuye muri Kenya, bikaba ari byo byashingirwagaho mu kumushinja kwikorera ibiyobyabwenge.

Turahirwa Moses wamamaye kubera inzu ye idoda imyambaro izwi nka Moshions, yitabye urukiko ari kumwe n’umwunganira mu mategeko, akaba yiyemereye icyaha cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, ariko ahakana ibivugwa n’ubushinjacyaha ku rugero rwabyo, kuko we yemeza ko yari afite urumogi rutarenga amagarama abiri (2g), ndetse ngo ntiyigeze akora ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge, ahubwo ngo yazanye ducye cyane ku giti cye nk’uko yabivuze mu rukiko ngo aruvanye muri Kenya.

Ubushinjacyaha ariko bwabiteye utwatsi buvuga ko atari ubwa mbere Turahirwa afatanwa urumogi. Mu Kuboza 2024, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge no guhimba inyandiko.

Bushingiye ku iperereza rigikomeje ndetse n’ibyaha yakoze mu bihe byashize, ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko Turahirwa afungwa by’agateganyo kugira ngo atazabangamira iperereza.

Mose n’abamwunganira mu mategeko bahakanye icyaha cyo gutwara ibiyobyabwenge, bavuga ko yahatiwe gusinya inyandiko yemera ibyo atakoze. Umwunganizi we yagarutse ku bibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bivugwa ko afite, avuga ko yigeze gusuzumwa n’umuganga wo muri Amerika ndetse ko ari mu nzira yo kwivuza.

Turahirwa yanavuze ku butumwa yanditse kuri Instagram kuri Perezida Paul Kagame, avuga ko bushobora kuba bwaragize uruhare mu ifatwa rye, yongeraho ko yasabye imbabazi Perezida, kandi ko yatangiye kwivuza no kujya mu biganiro bijyanye n’ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe. Amaze kwisobanura, yavuze ko arahiriye imbere y’urukuko n’umuryango, n’Imana, ko atazongera gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Urukiko ruzafata umwanzuro ku ifungwa n’irekurwa rya Turahirwa ku wa Gatanu 09 Gicurasi 2025.

Mu ntangiriro, iryo tsinda ryitwaga Les Anges (Abamalayika) kubera ko ryari rigizwe n’abana bari bakiri bato guhera ku myaka 7 kugeza kuri 19. Batangiye ari abana batandatu bo kwa Kayitani uhereye ku mukuru: Gasana Gaston, Gasana Gallican, Gasana Gratien, Gasana Gustave, Gasana Gabin na Gasana Marcellin, bari kumwe n’inshuti zabo: Taifa Jean Claude na Mugirima Jean Pierre.

Aho bakomora inganzo

Inganzo yabo mbere na mbere bose bayikomora ku babyeyi babo, kuko Kayitani yari umuririmbyi n’umucuranzi akaba umwe mu batangije Chorale de Kigali ahagana mu 1975, ababyeyi ba Taifa na Mugirima nabo bakaba bari bafite impano y’ubuhanzi.

Ikindi cyabateye kugira imbaraga zo gushyiraho itsinda ryabo, ni orchestre y’abanyamwuga yari izwi nka Pakita bari baturanye nayo, yabagamo Abazayirwa n’Abarundi bagakunda kujya kureba uko bacuranga nabo batangira kubyiga batyo.

Bamaze kwisangamo iyo mpano, bahise batangira kwikorera ibicurangisho mu madebe yavagamo amavuta y’ubuto bwa USA, ibikopo by’amata ya NIDO, ibijerikani, imbaho n’insinga zo mu mapine y’imodoka byose bakabikoramo ingoma na gitari (guitar).

Orchestre Madebe

Urwego rwo kwikorera ibicurangisho barugezeho bamaze kwisungana na bagenzi babo: Taifa Jean Claude (usigaye yigisha umuziki ku izina rya Prof Taifa Jean Claude), Mugirima Jean Pierre (ukiri mu mwuga wo gucuranga ku izina rya Ras Kimeza), na Ufiteyezu Mbyayingabo De Gaulle ukiri mu mwuga ku izina rya DJ Marechal De Gaulle nawe agakomoka ku mubyeyi wari umuhanzi (Ufiteyezu Blaise).

Kayitani amaze kubona ko abana bafite inyota yo kuba abahanzi n’abacuranzi b’umwuga, yarabashyigikiye atangira kujya abajyana gucuranga ku Kiriziya no mu tubari kugira ngo impano yabo ijye ahagaragara nubwo bari bagikoresha ibicurangisho bikoreye, ari yo mpamvu babitaga Orchestre Madebe.

Gukuza impano

Mu 1980, bamaze gufata umurongo ni bwo bahinduye izina bitwa Les Anges (Abamalayika), batangira kwiga kuvuza gitari n’ingoma bya nyabyo, hanyuma abato batari bakagize imyaka 12 bavamo hasigara abari barageze mu mashuri yisumbuye ari bo Taifa Jean Claude, Gasana Gaston, Gasana Gallican, Mugirima Jean Pierre (Ras Kimeza) na Ufiteyezu De Gaulle.

Mu bavuyemo mbere harimo Gasana Gustave na Gasana Gabin batakiriho (bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994); abandi ni Gasana Marcellin n’umuturanyi wabo Kalisa Festus bose bavuyemo mu 1980 hanyuma abasigaye bisungana n’abandi barimo nyakwigendera Milton nawe wishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994, hakaba n’Abarundi babiri bari impunzi (Janvier na Dieudonné) nabo baje kwitaba Imana mu bihe bitandukanye.

Gutangira umwuga

Ahagana mu 1981 orchestre Amabano y’i Burundi yaje gucurangira mu Rwanda, hanyuma Les Anges bajya kubareba ahahoze Inzu Ndangamuco y’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa (CECFR), bagezeyo bahahurira n’umuzungu wari ambasaderi w’u Bubiligi mu Rwanda (Frank Hintjens) wakundaga umuziki cyane. Mugirima Jean Pierre (Ras Kimeza) wari ushabutse kurusha bagenzi be, yaragiye aramwegera amubwira ko bafite orchestre y’abana yitwa Les Anges ariko badafite ibikoresho bigezweho.

Umuzungu yarabemereye ajya kubasura aho bitorezaga gucurangisha bya bikoresho bikoreye kwa Kayitani biramushimisha cyane, ni ko kwiyemeza kubagurira ibikoresho bya muzika bigezweho, abasaba ko bazajya bajya kwitoreza iwe, Orchestre Les 8 Anges y’abanyamwuga itangira ityo.

Bakoze ibitaramo hirya no hino, baramamara cyane nk’abahanzi n’abacuranzi bari bakiri bato, bakomeza kugenda binjizamo n’abandi bagenzi babo baturukaga hirya no hino mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo, Les 8 Anges iba ubukombe, itangira no kujyana indirimbo zayo kuri Radio Rwanda.
Mu ndirimbo zabo zamenyekanye cyane harimo Nakunze mama ndamubura, Umuco, Kayitesi, Josée na Mwarimu mwiza yahimbwe na Taifa Jean Claude mu marushanwa agacurangirwa na bagenzi be.

Nta muzingo (album) bakoze

Orchestre Les 8 Anges ariko nubwo yakahanyujije hagati ya 1983 - 1987, nta muzingo w’indirimbo (album) basohoye kuko baje gukomwa mu nkokora n’umwe muri bagenzi babo wabibye igikoresho (organ / orgue) cyari gifite agaciro ka 60,000FRW akakijyana i Masisi muri Zaire (RDC), abasigaye bacika intege bamwe ndetse batangira kuvamo bigira mu zindi orchestres.

Iyo organ yari kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi cyane Les 8 Anges yari ifite, imaze kwibwa ibisigaye abandi babitera imirwi kugeza mu 1989 birangira nta gikoresho na kimwe gisigaye kwa Kayitani aho wa muterankunga wabo yari yarabategetse kujya bitoreza nko ku gicumbi.
Kurikira ikiganiro cyose giherekejwe n’amafoto:

Kubera ko abanyamahanga ari bo natangiye kubona bagenda bambaye udupfamunwa mu muhanda na mbere y’uko COVID-19 yaduka, nishyiragamo ko ari ugushaka kwerekana ko mu Rwanda cyangwa muri Afurika muri rusange hari umwuka mubi bityo bakambara agapfukamunwa ngo badahumana.

Aho icyorezo cya COVID-19 kigereye mu Rwanda, kwambara agapfukamunwa byabaye itegeko ndetse bibanza gutonda abatari bacye; dore ko hari n’ababihanirwaga kubera impamvu zitandukanye.

Hari abavugaga ko kababuzaga guhumeka neza, abandi bakabiterwa n’uko mu minsi ya mbere udupfukamunwa twaje duhenda, abandi bakanga kukambara kubera imyumvire ishingiye ku muco bakavuga ngo nta mugabo wo guhora yambaye ‘agahoma munwa’ nk’uko abazi gushyenga bakitaga.

Nyamara nubwo COVID-19 yayogoje amahanga ikoreka imbaga nta gihugu na kimwe isize haba mu gutwara ubuzima bw’abantu no gusubiza inyuma ubukungu, ku rundi ruhande yatumye benshi dukanguka, tumenya akamaro k’agapfukamunwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Ingero ni nyinshi, ariko iz’ingenzi ni izi zikurikira

1. Karinda guhumeka umwotsi n’umukungugu (ivumbi),

2. Kagabanya kunukirwa n’imyuka mibi, urugero nk’igihe unyuze hafi y’ahamenwa imyanda, ugiye mu bwiherero budakorerwa isuku buri munsi cyangwa igihe umuntu asuze umuri iruhande.

3. Karinda umwanda igihe uri ahantu hatuma amasazi cyangwa utundi dusimba dushobora kugukora ku munwa tuvuye mu mwanda.

4. Igihe utwawe n’umumotari urwaye ibicurane agenda yitsamura buri kanya, kakurinda kugerwaho n’amatembabuzi amuturukamo, kakanakurinda kwinjirwa mu kanwa n’udusimba turi mu muyanga igihe wakenera kubumbura umunwa ugiye kuvugisha umumotari. Hari n’igihe umumotari acira kandi moto irimo kwihuta, amacandwe ye akaba yakugwa ku munwa.
Apfukamunwa ni kubahwe!

Karangwa Jean Marie Vianney warokokeye kuri Ste Famille

Ni mu buhamya Karangwa yatangiye imbere ya Kiliziya ya Ste Famille ku wa Kabiri tariki 22 Mata 2025, ku bwicanyi bwakorewe mu Murenge wa Muhima, by’umwihariko agaruka no ku bugome bwaranze abari bashinzwe amashuri, baba abayobozi muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi na bamwe mu bayobozi ba kiliziya gatolika, bari bashinzwe kwakira abanyeshuri bifuzaga kwiga mu iseminari.

Karangwa ati “Byose bijya gutangira, hano kuri Ste Famille haje umupadiri witwa Joseph Bimenyimana, ahita akuraho umuryango w’abahereza (abahungu) arawuca ashyiraho abakobwa; ubwo amahirwe yanjye yo gukora ikizame cya seminari aragabanuka. Ariko nari nsigaranye indi nzira imwe, kuko ubusanzwe kugira ngo ujye mu iseminari wagombaga kuba ufite amanota 80% guhera mu wa Kane. Turangije amashuri abanza twagiye kwiyandikisha turi abana bane bari bujuje ibisabwa.”

Akomeza avuga ko abifuzaga kujya mu iseminari babandikaga mbere, urutonde rw’abagomba gukora ikizamini rugasohoka mu biruhuko bya Pasika. Muri icyo gihe ariko hari abantu bazaga kureba se, Karangwa Stanislas, wari umuyobozi w’amashuri abanza ya Ste Famille ngo bamushakire iseminari ajya kwigamo hagati ya Kabgayi na Butare, ariko ise akababwira ko Vianney azajya kwiga i Ndera aho yari yariyandikishije.

Vianney akomeza agira ati “Amaliste y’abagombaga gukora ikizamini asohotse twaribuze, kandi byari byatinze cyane tutagishoboye no kujya gusaba kujya i Kabgayi cyangwa i Butare. Padiri Joseph Bimenyimana yari yadukuye kuri liste, papa aza kumureba aramubwira ati simvugira umuhungu wanjye gusa ndavugira n’abandi. Padiri aramusubiza ngo abana bo mu mujyi ba nyina baba ari indaya, ntabwo bashobora kuba abapadiri. Ibaze gusubizwa ikintu nk’icyo uri umuntu w’umugabo!”

Amaze kwimwa amahirwe yo kwiga mu iseminari, Karangwa Jean Marie Vianney yakoze ikizamini cya Leta hamwe n’abandi, nabwo amazina y’abatsinze yazaga ku rutonde rwanditseho ngo ‘abemerewe’, ariko asanga irye ritariho. Papa we nk’umuntu wakoraga mu burezi, yigiriye inama yo kujya muri Minisiteri gusaba ko bamwereka amanota y’umuhungu we asanga yaragombaga gutsinda, ashaka umuntu umusabira kubonana na Colonel Nsekarije Aloys wari Minisitiri w’Uburezi ngo amubabarire umuhungu we ashyirwe mu bemerewe.

Muri icyo gihe (1981), nyakwigendera Shamukiga Charles na we wishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yari yarashinze ishuri rya Collège APACOPE ryakiraga abana b’Abatutsi bavutswaga kwiga mu mashuri ya Leta, bahorwa ubwoko kimwe n’abandi bose bimwaga ayo mahirwe, se wa Vianney na we akaba yari umwe mu bari bagize komite yaryo.

Ubwo yajyaga kureba Nsekarije, bari bamaze iminsi basiragira muri Minisiteri basaba ko impamyabushobozi za APACOPE zakwemerwa. Icyo gihe (1981 - 1990) abarangizaga muri APACOPE Minisiteri yacaga impamyabushobozi zabo kandi batsinze.

Vianney akomeze agira ati “Icyo gihe rero papa yashatse umuntu amugeza kwa Minisitiri azi ko agiye kumwinginga akamwereka amanota yanjye, Minisitiri aramubwira ati ariko wa mugabo we, nturi muri ba bandi bari hano ejobundi? Ko ishuri ryanyu twaryemeye kuki atari ho mubajyana? Ubwo papa byaramushobeye, araza arambwira ati uzajya kwiga kuri APACOPE.”

APACOPE yakomeje kubaho muri ubwo buzima bwo kubuzwa epfo na ruguru, ariko ikomeza kwakira abanyeshuri bose nta kuvangura ubwoko, kuko n’abana b’Abahutu batsindwaga ikizame cya Leta yarabakiraga.

Ariko bigeze mu 1990, FPR-Inkotanyi itangiye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, APACOPE yahuye n’ibibazo bitoroshye kuko ryafatwaga nk’ishuri ry’ibyitso by’inyenzi, nk’uko Leta ya Habyariana yitaga Inkotanyi. Mu buhamya bwa Vianney, avuga ko hari umwana biganaga wahuye n’abasirikare atashye baramukubita baramwica, bajyana umurambo we kuri CHK.

Kurikira ubuhamya burambuye muri iyi video:

Peter Fahrenholtz

Ibi Peter Fahrenholtz abivuze nyuma y’uruzinduko yagiriye i Goma, akagirana ibiganiro na Guverineri Wungirije wa Goma n’abandi bayobozi ku bibazo biri muri Congo.

Fahrenholtz wabaye Ambasaderi w’u Budage mu Rwanda guhera mu 2012 kugeza mu 2016, ku wa 13 Mata yavuze ko ibiganiro bye na Guverineri Wungirije Willy Manzi, byamugaragarije ishusho y’ukuri ku bibera muri ako karere. Ku wa Kabiri, tariki 15 Mata, abinyujije ku rubuga rwa X, yagaragaje ishusho y’ibyo yiboneye nyuma yo gutembera mu bice byinshi bya Goma.

Abarwanyi ba M23 bavuze ko ndetse banamagana ibikorwa byo kurasana byabaye mu ijoro ryo ku wa Gatanu 11 Mata, bavuga ko intandaro yabyo ari ibikorwa bya gisirikare bihuriweho byakozwe n’ingabo za SADC ku bufatanye n’ingabo za Congo (FARDC), abagizi ba nabi bari mu mutwe w’abajenosideri wa FDLR, n’inyeshyamba za Wazalendo, byabereye imbere no mu nkengero za Goma.

FDLR, umutwe washyizwe ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, washinzwe mu 2000 n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ukaba ukomeje kuba ikibazo ku Rwanda.

Ifoto Peter Fahrenholtz yafashe mu mujyi wa Goma

Mu butumwa yanditse kuri X, Fahrenholtz yagize ati “Nta bibazo bikeneye ubutabazi bwihutirwa biri i Goma. Natembereye mu duce twinshi tw’umujyi sinabonamo ibimenyetso by’ikibazo cy’ubutabazi. Imihanda irimo urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ubona ko batekanye. Amaduka aracuruza bisanzwe, kandi arimo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye,”

Yungamo ati “Kaminuza yongeye gufungura imiryango, amashanyarazi n’amazi birahari amasaha 24 kuri 24. Amatara yo ku mihanda araka nta kibazo, imihanda irasa neza, nta bisigazwa by’umwanda bikihagaragara. Abapolisi barimo gukora inshingano zabo neza, ibyaha bya ruswa byaragabanutse ku buryo bugaragara. Kubahiriza itegeko nabyo birimo kugenda biza.”

Uyu mudipolomate w’Umudage, wanakoreye muri Bangladesh no muri Eritrea, yigeze gutanga ibitekerezo ku bibazo biri muri RDC, anenga kuba Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) utarigeze wamagana ikoreshwa ry’abacanshuro b’Abanyaburayi mu guteza umutekano muke.

Yagaragaje kandi ko Guverinoma ya Congo itigeze ikemura ibibazo by’ingenzi byatumye ihuriro AFC/M23 rifata intwaro, anerekana ibibazo bimaze igihe birimo ivangura n’inyigisho zishingiye ku macakubiri, zagejeje ku itotezwa no kumenesha abaturage b’Abatutsi mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri mirongo.

Peter Fahrenholtz avuga ko ubuzima i Goma ari ibisanzwe

Ni ijambo Perezida Kagame yavuze mu Cyongereza, kuko ahanini ubutumwa bwari bukubiyemo yifuzaga ko bwumvwa n’abanyamahanga, anaboneraho kugaruka ku kibazo cy’ubwicanyi bukorerwa Abatutsi bo muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo amahanga arebera.

Perezida Kagame yagize ati “Ibyabaye hano mu myaka irega 30 ishize, ntibishobora kongera kubaho ukundi. Ni gute umuntu yabyemera! Ni gute umuntu yareka guhagura ngo yirwaneho? Yego ushobora gupfa igihe urimo kwirwanaho, ariko na none nutabikora, nta kabuza uzapfa. Kuki si ntagerageza guhagaruka ngo ndwane? Ko hari igihe nshobora kurokoka nkabaho ubuzima bwanjye uko mbyifuza aho guhebera urwaje nkareka abantu bakangaraguza agati nkaho kubaho kwanjye ari bo babingenera! Kuki? Hari n’abantu bigeze kuza kundeba barambwira bati Perezida, rwose hari igihe ujya uvuga ibintu bigakorogoshora abantu b’ibihangange, kandi bashobora kuzakwica,”

Perezida Kagame yakomeje agira ati “Mbere na mbere birumvikana ko ari abicanyi! Ariko igisubizo nabahaye ni iki: niba naragombaga kubaho nemera ko ibyo bintu bigomba kubaho, sinibaza ko nakwibara nk’umuntu uriho. Ni nkaho naraba naramaze gupfa. Kubaho ubuzima bw’ikinyoma, ubuzima bw’icyuka no gutegereza ko undi ari we ugomba kumpitiramo uko mbaho! Ibyo ntaho bitaniye no gupfa. Kuki se ntahitamo gupfa ndwana? None se mwebwe Banyarwanda, kuki mutapfa murwana aho gutegereza urupfu? Kuki mwakwemera gupfa nk’amasazi.

Perezida Kagame yakomeje avuga ko ubutumwa bwe butareba Abanyarwanda gusa. Kagame ati “Ariko ubutumwa bwanjye burareba n’abandi Banyafurika bamburwa ubumuntu bakabyemera, bagatakamba ngo babeho! Sinshobora kugira uwo mbisaba. Tuzarwana. Nintsindwa nstindwe. Ariko hari amahirwe, amahirwe menshi, ko nuhagaruka ukirwanaho, uzabaho. Kandi twabayeho ubuzima bufite agaciro bubereye buri wese. Aba bantu rero bari aho hose, ngabo mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, ngabo mu mirwa mikuru y’Uburayi, bari aho hose baravugavuga! Iki gihugu gito, uru Rwanda…iyo barimo kuvuga ku Rwanda, bakishyira hamwe mu kurugambanira, muribaza ko ari igihugu kiraho gusa!”

Perezida Kagame yakomeje avuga ko ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda ari ubwabo, nta wundi babukesha. Kagame ati “Ariko muri ibyo byose, tugomba kubaho ubuzima bwacu, tugomba kubirwanirira, tugomba kubaho uko tubyifuza. Kandi uwo ari we wese nzamubwira imbonankubone nti kajye muriro utazima! Uwo ari wese uzaza akibwira ko ashobora kumbwira ibyo yishakiye, ngo aha tuzabafatira ibihano! Ibihano nyabaki se? Kajye mu muriro utazima!”

Kurikira ibindi muri iyi video:

Iterambere ry’amasaha

Ubu buryo ni bwo bwaje kwitwa isaha y’izuba, cyangwa amasaha y’igicucucucu, yifashishwaga n’Abanyamisiri ahagana mu 1250 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu.

Ariko kubera ko amasaha y’izuba yakoraga gusa ku manywa kandi ku zuba, abahanga baje gutekereza isaha y’umusenyi, cyangwa isaha y’ikirahure kirimo umusenyi, kandi iracyanakoreshwa hamwe na hamwe.

Ni ikirahure kimeze nk’igifite ibice bibiri kubera ubunigiro buri hagati, bugizwe n’umwenge muto ushobora kunyuramo umusenyi uri mu gice cyo hejuru ukimukira mu cyo hasi ugenda buhoro buhoro, bigatwara igihe runaka.

Ubundi buryo bwifashishwaga ni ibyo bitaga amasaha y’amazi n’amasaha y’amatabaza (amatara), ibyo nabyo bikaba byaratangiriye mu Bushinwa mu myaka irenga 1500 ishize.

Ikigo gicuruza amasaha cyitiriwe Ernest Jones mu Bwongereza, kivuga ko isaha ya mbere yikoresha yavumbuwe mu 1275 mu Bwongereza. Isaha yo muri iyo myaka ikiriho kugeza magingo aya ibarizwa muri Katederali ya Salisbury, mu Bwongereza mu mujyi wa Wiltshire.

Iyo saha yakozwe ahagana mu 1386, ntiyari ifite ishusho cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyerekana amasaha, ahubwo yakozwe mu buryo yashoboraga kumenyekanisha igihe (amasaha), yifashishije amajwi, bitandukanye cyane n’amasaha tuzi uyu munsi, ariko ikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu buhanga.

Isaha isigaye ari icyambarwa cy’umurimbo kuri benshi

Gutunganya neza imikorere y’amasaha no kugera ku rwego rwo kubara igihe nta kwibeshya, byakomeje gutera imbere uko imyaka yashiraga indi igataha, cyane cyane ku mugabane w’u Burayi. Umusuwisi (Swiss) Jost Burgi, wari umuhanga mu mibare akaba n’umubaji w’amasaha, ni we wavumbuye isaha ibara iminota ikoresheje urushinge mu 1577.

Burgi na we yaje kunganirwa n’Umuholandi Christiaan Huygens, wavumbuye isaha ibara igihe yinyeganyeza (pendule) mu 1657. Uko pendule yakoraga byazamuye cyane imikorere y’amasaha, aho yashoboraga kubara igihe atibeshya mu gihe cy’umunota umwe cyangwa ibiri ku munsi.

Mu 1787, umuhanga w’Umunyamerika Levi Hutchins, yakoze isaha ya mbere ishobora kwibutsa umuntu igihe (alarm), ariko atari nk’izi dukoresha mbere yo kuryama. Iyo saha ariko ntiyari ifite uburyo bwo guhindura igihe alarm, bityo kuko Hutchins yashakaga kubyuka mbere y’izuba, alarm ye yahoraga iri saa kumi za mu gitondo (04:00).

Byatwaye imyaka hafi 90 kugira ngo undi Munyamerika witwa Seth E. Thomas, abashe kuvumbura isaha ifite alarm ishobora gushyirwaho igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

Ubuhanga bw’Abasuwisi mu gukora amasaha si ubwa none, ariko mu kinyejana cya 18 n’icya 19, u Bwongereza bwafatwaga nk’igicumbi cy’udushya mu gukora amasaha, kuko mu kigo cy’ubugenzuzi cya Greenwich i London, ahabarirwa igihe mpuzamahanga cya Greenwich (GMT), ari ho habaga ifatizo ryo kugenzura ibihe ku Isi hose.

Isaha y’umwuka

Isaha yo ku kuboko yahimbwe ryari?

Ikigo Ernest Jones kivuga ko hari ibisubizo bibiri bivuguruzanya, ku kibazo cy’uwaba yaravumbuye isaha yambarwa ku kuboko. Hari abavuga ko yahimbwe n’umubaji w’amasaha wo mu Busuwisi (Swiss), Patek Philippe, ayikoreye igikomangoma Koscowicz cya Hungary mu 1868. Ariko hari andi makuru avuga ko isaha yo ku kuboko yahimbwe ikorewe Umwamikazi wa Naples, mbereho imyaka 57, mu 1811.

Mukura Victory Sports mu Kibuga cy’i Huye mu myaka ya za 90

Si ndi impuguke mu mupira w’amaguru, ariko mvuze ko kuri ubu wateye imbere mu buryo bw’umwuga kurusha uwo mu Rwanda rwo hambere sinaba mbeshye!

Urugero natanga aha, ni ibibuga bimaze kubakwa hirya no hino mu gihugu, ibyari bisanzwe byashyizwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, n’ibyagiye bishyirwa ku bigo by’amashuri. Ibyo bikaza byiyongera ku makipe mashya yavutse nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kandi n’ayari asanzwe ubona ko yateye imbere haba mu mikinire, imiyoborere n’imibereho y’abakinnyi muri rusange.

Kuba inzira ikiri ndende byo ntawabishidikanyaho mu rwego rw’imikinire n’ubuyobozi, ariko hari ikintu kimwe nifuzaga kubasangiza cyatumye mpurwa kureba umupira w’amaguru gusa nkizera ko ubu ntaho bikiba kuko byaterwaga na politike mbi y’icyo gihe.

Hari mukuru wanjye wari umupadiri witwaga Kabagema Edmonds (RIP) wakundaga ikipe ya Mukura Victory Sports. Umunsi umwe ari ku Cyumweru yanshyize kuri moto ya SUZUKI TF y’ibara rya orange, anjyana kureba umukino wa Mukura yahuye n’ikipe yari iy’ingabo z’u Rwanda yitwaga Panthères Noires.

Uwo mukino wabereye ku kibuga cyari ahahoze ikigo cya gisirikare mu mujyi wa Kigali (Camp Kigali), ubu hari ikigo cyakira ibirori bitandukanye kizwi nka Kigali Conference and Exhibition Village (KCEV).

Icyo gihe nari mfite imyaka icyenda (9), nkaba narakundaga ikipe ya Rayons Sports kuko ari iy’iwacu i Nyanza, ariko nkanakunda Mukura kuko ari iy’iwabo wa Mama i Butare (Huye). Data we yikundiraga Kiyovu Sports yo mu mujyi wa Kigali dore ko yari n’umwe mu mfura zayo zakiniriga ku kibuga cya Ste Famille ahagana mu 1970.

Ako kari akanyuzemo. Reka twigarukire ku mukino wa Mukura na Panthères kuri Camp Kigali, ari naho nakurije kuzinukwa kujya kureba umupira w’amaguru n’ibindi byose bisa nawo kugeza magingo aya.

Mukuru wanjye ati ngwino sha tujye kureba umupira, kuko n’ubusanzwe najyaga ngenda n’amaguru nturutse ku Muhima nkajya i Nyamirambo cyangwa ku Mumena. Icyo gihe rero nari ngiye kugenda numva umunyenga kuri moto, ngenda nahindutse umufana wa Mukura nk’ikipe yanjye ya kabiri.

Umukino wahuje Mukura na Panthères watangiye mu ma saa cyenda. Aho abafana bicaraga hari ku mabaraza ya sima nta ntebe, ubwo nicara iruhande rwa mukuru wanjye, ariko inyuma hari abafana ba Panthères barimo abasirikare n’abana babo bigaga mu ishuri ribanza rya Camp Kigali.

Umukino wageze mu minota ya nyuma y’igice cya mbere nta kipe n’imwe irareba mu izamu ry’indi, habura iminota nk’ibiri Mukura Victory Sports iba itsinze igitego cya mbere, nanjye aho nicaye mba nitereye hejuru! Ngiye kumva numva umuntu ankubise inkonji imeze nk’intosho mu mutwe, mpindukiye ngo nanjye mwishyure mukuru wanjye ahita ansubiza hasi, ndicara ariko amarira ari yose. Nari mfite imyaka icyenda.

Hashize akanya gato ntangiye gutuza, ariko umujinya urimo kunsya, igice cya kabiri kigeze hagati, mbona abakinnyi batangiye gushwana, aba Panthères batangiye gukubita aba Mukura. Mukuru wanjye abibonye ahita ampagurutsa vuba ati ca aha dutahe, ariko ntiyambwira impamvu.

Tugeze hanze ni bwo yansobanuriye ambwira n’impamvu nakubiswe inkonji, ndamubaza nti none se umuntu yaza kureba umupira adafana bikaba bimaze iki? Kugira ngo mbashe gusobanukirwa, byabaye ngombwa ko abihuza na politike yari igezweho icyo gihe: Irondakoko n’irondakarere.
Mukura yari yiganjemo abakomokaga i Butare mu majyepfo, aho bitaga mu Banyenduga, Panthères ikaba yari yiganjemo ingabo z’igihugu hafi ya bose bakomokaga mu majyaruguru (Gisenyi na Ruhengeri) aho bitaga mu Bakiga.

Mu bakinnyi 22 bari bagize Mukura Victory Sports, 13 bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Panthères yo nta Mututsi wabarizwagamo.

Panthères Noirs mu kibuga cyayo kuri Camp Kigali mu myaka ya za 90

Ku myaka icyenda, nari ntarasobanukirwa neza ibya politike, ariko maze kwigira hejuru gato ni bwo naje kubihuza n’uko mu ishuri bajyaga baduhagurutsa bakatubaza ubwoko bwacu n’uturere dukomokamo, kugeza turangije amashuri abanza. Icyo gihe twabyandikaga ku mafishi (fiches signalétiques) yabaga ariho amashami twahitagamo kuziga nidutsinda (byahe byo kajya!) hakaba n’aho kwandika ubwoko butatu: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi.

Umunyeshuri yagombaga gushyira akamenyetso ku bwoko bwe, yaba atabuzi akajya kubaza ababyeyi. Ibyo byose rero maze guca akenge, nabihuje na ya nkonji nakubiswe nzira Mukura Victory Sports, mbona n’ukuntu natsinzwe ikizamini cya leta ntari umuswa, ndeba n’uburyo data yari yarirukanwe mu kazi azira ubwoko, ni ko gushyira umupira hasi. Ndavuga nti hehe no kuzongera gusubira kureba umupira cyangwa kujya mu bindi bikorwa ibyo ari byo byose byasabaga gufana no kwiyerekana.

Nakomeje gukurira muri uwo mwuka kugeza mbaye umugabo, no mu gihe u Rwanda rwari rumaze kubohorwa bikomeza bityo kugeza na magingo aya, kuko nta kipe n’imwe yamvana mu rugo ngo ngiye kuri stade, cyangwa kwicara imbere ya televiziyo ngo ndareba shampiyona zo hanze.

Ngayo nguko bagenzi!

Zelensky avuga ko Putin atagombye kugorana mu biganiro by’amahoro

Zelensky yavuze ko abayobozi ba Ukraine bazagirana ibiganiro na bagenzi babo ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe za America (US) muri Saudi Arabia ku wa Mbere, nyuma y’uko Kremlin, ibiro bya Perezida w’u Burusiya nabyo byemeje ko buzagirana ibiganiro na US muri Saudi Arabia.

Aganira n’itangazamakuru, Zelensky yateye utwatsi amananiza y’u Burusiya ku masezerano y’amahoro, ndetse avuga ko gukura ku meza y’ibiganiro icyifuzo cya Ukraine cyo kwinjira muri NATO/OTAN, byaba ari impano ikomeye bahaye u Burusiya.

Mu masaha yashize, Perezida wa Ukrainia yagejeje ijambo ku nama y’abayobozi b’u Burayi avuga ko Putin agomba kurekeraho gusaba ibitari ngombwa.

Mu gihe hitegurwa icyo bise inama y’ihuriro ry’ubushake (coalition of the willing) izahuza abayobozi bakuru b’igisirikare bo mu bihugu 20 (top military leaders from about 20 countries), u Bwongereza bwavuze ko bikwiye ko buzahita bugira icyo bukora niharamuka habayeho amasezerano y’amahoro.

Hagati aho imirwano iracyari yose. Ibisasu byarashwe n’u Burusiya mu ijoro ryacyeye byahitanye abantu babiri muri Ukraine, mu gihe ibitero bya drones za Ukraine byakomerekeje Abarusiya 10.

Mu rubanza rwasomwe ku wa Kabiri, Umucamanza Theodore Chuang yavuze ko ibirimo gukorwa n’ibiro biyobowe n’umwambari wa Trump, Elon Musk bishinzwe kunoza imikorere ya Guverinoma (Department for Government Efficiency-Doge), byo gufunga USAID byanyuranyije nta kabuza n’Itegeko Nshinga rya US mu buryo bwinshi.

Chuang yategetse ibiro Doge gusubizaho uburyo bwo kugera kuri mudasobwa za USAID, na gahunda zo kwishyura abakozi harimo n’abashyizwe mu kiruhuko.

Umucamanza kandi yemeje ko iyirukanwa ry’abakozi ba USAID rigomba guhagarara, ariko ntiyategetse ko abashyizwe mu kiruhuko bagarurwa mu kazi.

Iki cyemezo cyafatiwe mu rubanza rwazanywe imbere y’ubucamanza mu izina ry’abakozi 26 ba USAID batavuzwe amazina, batanze ikirego bavuga ko ibyo Elon Musk arimo ari ubuhubutsi, bwuzuyemo ubugome mu gusenya imirimo ya Guverinoma ya US.

Mu kirego cyatanzwe ku wa 13 Gashyantare, abunganira abakozi bagaragaje ko ubushobozi Musk yahawe butemewe n’amategeko, kuko atigeze yemezwa ku mugaragaro ku mwanya w’ubuyobozi muri Guverinoma, cyangwa ngo yemezwe na Sena ya US, ubundi basaba ko ibikorwa byose bya Doge bihagarikwa kandi bigasubiza ibintu uko byahoze.
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USAID cyari kimwe mu bigo by’ibanze Doge yari irekereje gufunga, mbere gato y’uko Trump yongera kwinjira muri White House muri Mutarama, agahita ategeka ko inkunga zose US itera amahanga ziba zihagaritswe mu gihe cy’iminsi 90.

Musk na Doge bisobanuye mu rukiko bavuga ko uruhare rwe ari urw’ubujyanama gusa, ariko Umucamanza Chuang yanzuye ko Musk na Doge barengereye mu gufatira ibyemezo USAID, bityo ko bigaragara ko byanyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya US mu buryo bwinshi, kandi ko ibyo bikorwa bitahemukiye gusa abarega ahubwo byanabangamiye inyungu rusange.

Hagati aho ariko ntiharamenyekana ingaruka icyemezo cy’urukiko kizagira ku bikorwa bya USAID. Abayobozi bayo bavuze ko ibikorwa byayo birenga 80% byahagaritswe.

Ubuyobozi bwa Trump bwanenze icyemezo cy’urukiko

Umuvugizi wa White House, Anna Kelly ati "Abacamanza ba Rogue barimo kuyobya abaturage ba Amerika, babinyujije mu gushaka kubuza Perezida Trump gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ze".

Kelly akomeza avuga ko icyo cyemezo ari nko gukuramo inda k’ubutabera, ndetse avuga ko bazajurira.

Norm Eisen, ukuriye urwego ‘State Democracy Defenders Fund’ ruhagarariye abakozi ba USAID mu rubanza, avuze ko icyo cyemezo ari intambwe ikomeye mu guhangana n’ukwica amategeko kwa Musk na Doge.

Eisen ati "Barimo kubaga bakoresheje urukezo aho gukoresha akembe, bagashegesha abantu USAID ifasha bataretse n’igice kinini cy’Abanyamerika, bafitiye icyizere ubutajegajega bwa Guverinoma yacu".

Iki cyemezo ni cyo giheruka mu rugamba rw’amategeko rugeretse n’ubuyobozi bwa Trump. Ku wa Mbere undi mucamanza wa Leta yategetse ihagarikwa ryo kwirukana abo Trump yita abagizi ba nabi b’Abanya-Venezuela.

Umucamanza muri urwo rubanza yabajije Ubushinjacyaha impamvu icyemezo cye, cyatanzwe mu gihe indege nyinshi zijyana abirukanwa zari ziri mu kirere, kitahise gishyirwa mu bikorwa ngo kinubahirizwe.

Perezida Trump yasabye ko umucamanza muri urwo rubanza yirukanwa, ariko bihita byamaganwa mu buryo budasanzwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa US.

Joseph Kabila yaherukaga mu biganiro by’amahoro i Sun City mu 2002

Kabila avuga ko amaze iminsi aganira n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye imbere mu gihugu, kandi ngo bose barifuza gushyira hamwe bagashakira igihugu amahoro.

Aganira na SABC News, Joseph Kabila yavuze no ku kibazo cya M23 yanze kujya mu biganiro by’amahoro, avuga ko hakenewe ibiganiro hagati y’abanyagihugu kugira ngo ibibazo bibangamiye abaturage n’ubumwe bwabo bishakirwe umuti urambye.

Kabila ku wa Kabiri 18 Werurwe 2025, yabonanye na Thabo Mbeki wigeze kuyobora Afurika y’Epfo, baganira ku bibazo biri muri Congo.

Kabila ati “Twiteguye gushakisha amahoro kandi ni byo turimo gukora, ibi ni byo dushyize imbere kandi ni na yo ntego yacu kuva mu myaka 22 ishize, ubwo twahuriraga hano muri Sun City. Ni nacyo tugiharanira uyu munsi, gukora uko dushoboye tugaharanira amahoro mu bushobozi bwose.”

Joseph Kabila yaherukaga mu biganiro by’amahoro bya Sun City muri Afurika y’Epfo mu 2002.

Kabila yahamagariye abaturage ba Congo kurekeraho kwishyiramo ibindi bihugu, bavuga ko ari byo bibateza ibibazo. Yavuze ko ibibazo biri muri Congo ari iby’imbere mu gihugu kandi ko abanyagihugu ari bo bireba mbere na mbere.

Yanashimye icyemezo cya SADC cyo kuvana ingabo zayo muri RDC.

Kabila ati “Congo ntishobora gukomeza kwigira umwana murizi mu karere, ivuga ko ari igihugu kidashoboye n’ukuntu ibindi bihugu ngo ari byo bikomeye. Ku bwanjye, iyi si yo mikorere ihwitse, ariko nk’Umunyekongo ikinshishikaje kandi gishishikaje Abanyekongo, ni ugushaka uko twikemurira ibibazo byacu ubwacu”

VIDEO - Joseph Kabila wigeze kuyobora RDC, yavuze ko abaturage ba Congo biteguye gushakira amahoro arambye igihugu cyabo. Kabila avuga ko amaze iminsi aganira n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye imbere mu gihugu, kandi ngo bose barifuza gushyira hamwe bagashakira igihugu amahoro.… pic.twitter.com/mWWhdERFfd

— Kigali Today (@kigalitoday) March 19, 2025

Imyanzuro y’urubanza
Nyuma y’umwanya munini biherereye, inteko yagarutse mu cyumba cy’urukiko umucamanza aterura agira ati “Pierre Laurent, ugizwe umwere ku byaha byose washinjwaga. Ubu urarekuwe. Abari mu rukiko bose ngo kaci kaci kaci kaci! Abandi amarira ari yose, Pierre afata Hugo mu biganza bye, mu gihe imirabyo ya kamera nayo yacicikanaga irimo gufata ako kanya ngo katazigera kibagirana.
Urugamba rwari rukiri rwose

Nubwo ibyishimo byari byose, Pierre yarazi neza ko ubutumwa nyamukuru yari atarabusohoza. Yari amaze gusubizwa ubwigenge bwe, ariko yari yariyemeje ko agomba guharanira ko nta wundi muntu ugomba guhura n’akarengane yakorewe. Basohotse mu rukiko, Hugo na Pierre bakiriwe n’ikivunge cy’abantu batabarika. Michel nawe yari ahari aseka yishimye. Sophia yegera Pierre aramubwira ati ubu bwisanzure wari ubukwiye. Ubu rero ugomba kwereka isi uwo uri we by’ukuri.

Pierre yitegereza Hugo irimo kuzunguza umurizo maze aravuga ati: Tuzabishobora dufatanyije. Ubwo Pierre akomeza kuryoherwa n’umwuka w’ubwigenge ari kumwe na Hugo. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi yamaze ashinjwa ibinyoma, yarashyize yumva ubushyuhe bw’ubutabera n’imbaraga z’ubuzima bushya bwari bumutegereje.
Icyaha Pierre yashinjwaga

Ibirego byari byarajyanye Pierre mu kirongozi cy’urupfu, byari birenze ukwemera kandi nta shingiro byari bifite. Yashinjwaga kugira uruhare mu iyicwa ry’umufundi mugenzi we bakoranaga witwaga Michel Charpentier, wishwe mu buryo ndengakamere.

Ukuri nyako kwari inyuma y’ibyo birego, nako kwashyizwe ahagaragara mu gihe cy’urubanza. Pierre yari yaratahuye imikorere yamunzwe na ruswa n’iyezandonke byagizwemo uruhare n’abayobozi bakuru b’ikigo yakoreraga.

Atangiye kubabwira ko azabatamaza, ni bwo yatezwe umutego na banyiri gukora icyaha bakoresheje ububasha bwabo n’ikimenyane kugira ngo bamugushemo ajye kugwa mu buroko.
Guhindura ubuzima

Iminsi yakurikiye imikirize y’urubanza yabaye iyindi; inkuru ya Pierre na Hugo yaravuzwe biratinda, ituma imbwa ihinduka ikimenyetso cy’ubudahemuka n’ubudaheranwa. Pierre yafashe icyemezo cyo kudasubira mu buzima nk’umwubatsi, atangira gukora ubukangurambaga bwo kuvugurura imikorere y’ubutabera no gufasha abandi barenganywa ku maherere kubera amakosa y’ubutabera.

Abifashijwemo na Michel na Sophia, Pierre yashinze umuryango witwa ‘Cri de Justice’ utabariza abarenganyijwe n’ubutabera. Imbwa ye Hugo ni yo yabaye ikirango cy’uwo mushinga, ikajya yitabira ibikorwa byose byategurwaga hirya no hino, ari nako yigarurira imitima y’abayibonye bose.

Umunsi umwe, Pierre arimo kureba Hugo ikina mu busitani bw’inzu nshya yari yaraguze, yongera kwibuka ubuzima yanyuzemo. Yitegereza imbwa yaje mu buzima bwe nk’umuhuza wa nyuma hagati ye n’ubwigenge, ndetse ikarenga ikaba n’umufatanyabikorwa we nyamukuru n’inshuti ye magara.

Pierre yitegereza Hugo arayibwira ati: ntabwo watabaye ubuzima bwanjye gusa, ahubwo wabuhaye n’umurongo.

Ubuzima bwa Pierre na Hugo ntabwo ari inkuru yerekana gusa imbaraga zo gukora ibikurenze, ahubwo inibutsa ko no mu bihe by’icuraburindi umuntu ashobora kubona urumuri atatekerezaga ko azigera abona, urugero nko mu ndoro nziranenge y’imbwa.

Umugabo wa Dolly Parton, Carl Dean yitabye Imana

Dean, waranzwe no kutagaragara mu ruhame mu myaka hafi 60 yabanye na Parton, yitabye Imana muri Nashville, Tennessee, nk’uko Dolly Parton yabyanditse mu itangazo yashyize ku mbunga nkoranyambaga.

Mu itangazo rye, Parton yagize ati "Carl nanjye twagiranye ibihe byiza mu myaka yose twamaranye. Amagambo ntiyabasha gusobanura urukundo twasangiye mu myaka isaga 60. Ndabashimiye ku bw’amasengesho yanyu no kumfata mu mugongo.”

Dolly Parton ubu ugize imyaka 79, ahura na Carl Dean bwa mbere yari afite imyaka 18 ku munsi wa mbere akigera mu mujyi wa Nashville, ari bwo yari atangiye kwigaragaza nk’umuririmbyi ushoboye.

Hashize imyaka ibiri, ku itariki 30 Gicurasi 1966, ni bwo bambikanye impeta y’ubudatana mu birori byabereye mu muhezo mu mujyi wa Ringgold, Georgia.

Bari bamaranye imyaka 60

Mu gihe cyose bamaranye, Dean ntiyakunze kugaragara mu ruhame nk’umugabo w’umuhanzikazi w’icyamamare, ahubwo akibanda cyane ku kazi ke ko gushyira kaburimbo mu mihanda ya Nashville.

Ibyo ariko ntibyamubuzaga gufasha umugore we Parton mu kazi k’ubuhanzi, dore ko ari na we wamubereye inganzo y’indirimbo ‘Jolene’.

Mu 2008, Dolly Parton yabwiye itangazamakuru ko iyo ndirimbo yayihimbye ashingiye ku mukobwa wakoraga muri banki wari warasariye umugabo we Dean, maze bumvikana guhimba indirimbo ishingiye kuri uwo mukobwa.

Muri iyo ndirimbo, Dolly Parton aririmba agira ati “Jolene, Jolene, ndakwinginze wintwarira umugabo…ndabizi uri mwiza kandi urabishoboye…ariko ndakwinginze wintwarira umugabo kuko ni we buzima bwanjye!”

Bakiri bato

Dolly Parton mu ndirimbo Jolene:

Trump yasubitse inkunga ya gisirikare kuri Ukraine

Ubuyobozi bwa US buravuga ko bubaye buhagaritse iyo nkunga, kugira ngo ibanze ivugururwe bityo ibashe gutanga igisubizo mu kurangiza intambara y’Uburusiya muri Ukraine.

US ni we muterankunga nyamukuru mu bya gisirikare kuri Ukraine, inkunga igizwe n’intwaro, ibikoresho n’imari kuva Uburusiya bwayishozaho intambara mu myaka itatu ishize.

Gusubika iyo nkunga bibaye mu gihe Perezida Trump yanenze mugenzi we wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, kuba yaravuze ko ibyo kurangiza intambara n’Uburusiya bitari ibya hafi aha.

Hagati aho Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza Keir Starmer, yatangaje ko gahunda ngari bafite igamije gufasha Ukraine kurangiza intambara no kurinda igihugu kuvogerwa n’Uburusiya.

Ariko abayobozi b’Uburayi, nyuma y’inama yabaye ku Cyumweru, bavuze ko badashobora gutanga icyizere ko amahoro azagaruka muri Ukraine, hatabayeho inkunga ya US.

Imbere muri gereza, Pierre yageragezaga gushaka uko yakwihugenza ategereje, ni ko gutangira kwandika ibyamubayeho, akoresha impapuro z’akanyamakuru ke bwite nk’ubuhungiro bw’amarangamutima ye. Inkuru y’ubushuti bwe na Hugo ni yo yari nyamukuru. Ubuhamya buhebuje, bwerekana ko no mu bihe bigoye, ubunyangamugabo bw’inshuti nyayo bushobora kugucisha mu nzira y’inzitane.

Hanze ya gereza, Michel ntiyari wenyine. Sophia, wa mugore wari waranditse akandiko akagashyira ku runigi rwa Hugo, yageze aho abona imbaraga zo kujya ahagaragara, ahishura ko afite ibindi bimenyetso bishinja abakoze icyaha nyirizina, ndetse asobanura ko kuburirwa irengero kwe kwatewe n’ubwoba bw’ingaruka zari kumubaho.

Uruhare rwe rwagize akamaro cyane muri dosiye, ariko bari bataraganya gutsinda urugamba. Ababigizemo uruhare batangira kugerageza guharabika Pierre mu ruhame bifashishije itangazamakuru kugira ngo bamusige icyasha nk’umugizi wa nabi ruharwa ushaka guca ubutabera mu rihumye.

Guhindura umuvuno

Inkuru iba kimomo, hirya no hino ntibyavugwaho rumwe, urugamba rwo kurenganura Pierre rukomeza gufata indi sura, Michel nawe aza kugira igitekerezo: Gusakaza inkuru ya Hugo na Pierre ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Michel yafashe amafoto n’amashusho ya video ya Pierre na Hugo atangira kuyasakaza ku mbuga nkoranyambaga inkuru ku ruhare rukomeye rwa Hugo mu kuvumbura ibimenyetso.
Inkuru yakoze benshi ku mutima kubera ubudahemuka bwa Hugo, batangira kwibaza niba umuntu ubanira neza imbwa atyo, ashobora gukora icyaha yashinjwaga. Igitutu cy’abaturage kiba kizanye impinduka mu kibazo. Amatsinda yo gushyigikira Pierre aravuka ku mbuga nkoranyambaga asaba ko habaho gusubiramo byihuse dosiye ya Pierre.

Muri icyo gihe, Pierre na Sophia bakoraga amanywa n’ijoro, kugira ngo bizere ko ibimenyetso birimo kugenzurwa uko bikwiye. Hanyuma Pierre aza guhamagarwa mu biro by’umuyobozi wa gereza, ahasanga Michel n’umushinjacyaha.

Umushinjacyaga mu ijwi rikakaye yabwiye Pierre ati “Pierre! Ibimenyetso mwatanze ndabona bikomeye! Ubu turimo turareba uko twafata ingamba zikenewe kugira ngo tuguhanagureho ibyaha ushinjwa. Kurekurwa kwawe, ubu ni ikibazo cy’igihe gusa.”

Pierre yariruhukije byimbitse, ariko mu mutima azi neza ko urugamba rwe rukiri rwose. Yari agiye kujya imbere y’urukiko no kumva amagambo amuvugwaho n’abaturage bamufataga nk’umugizi wa nabi. Ariko by’umwihariko, yari afite intego nshya: Gushyira ku karubanda umugambi yari amaze kuburizamo no guharanira ko nta wundi muntu uzarenganywa nka we bene ako kageni.

Pierre mu rukiko

Hugo, nubwo yari kure ye, yakomeje kubera Pierre isooko y’imbaraga. Ishusho y’inshuti mudatenguha imutegereje imbere y’amarembo ya gereza, ni zo mbaraga yari akeneye kugira ngo ahatane kugeza ku ndunduro.

Ku munsi wo gusoma urubanza, icyumba cy’urukiko cyari cyuzuye no hejuru. Ngabo abanyamakuru, abashyigikiye Pierre, n’abandi bantu bari bakemera ko Pierre ari umunyacyaha.

Isaha igeze, umushinjacyaha yahamagariwe kwigira imbere maze yerekana bya bimenyetso simusiga bishinja abanyabyaha nyirizina bacuze umugambi wo guta mu mutego Pierre.

Sophia ni we wabaye uwa mbere mu gutanga ubuhamya. Ijwi rye ryaratitiraga arimo gusobanura mu mizi uburyo agatsiko k’abamunzwe na ruswa, bagoretse amakuru ari mu mpapuro bakanazimanganya ibimenyetso.

Sophia kandi yanahishuye ko yigeze gushyirwaho iterabwoba ryo kwicwa ubwo yageragezaga gushyira ukuri ahagaragara, maze ahitamo guhunga.

Hakurikiyeho Michel, nawe ajya imbere y’abacamanza, yerekana impapuro yasanze ahahoze ari kwa Pierre, ndetse asobanura uburyo Hugo yagize uruhare nyamukuru mu kuzigeraho. Hanyuma Michel yerekana Pierre wari wicaye ku ntebe y’abaregwa, ubundi aravuga ati: Uriya mugabo yagambaniwe n’abo yizeraga ariko ntiyigeze atakaza kuba umuntu. Kandi iyo hataba ah’ubudahemuka bw’imbwa ye, ukuri kwashoboraga kuburizwamo burundu.

Umwanya usumba byose wari utegerejwe, ni uwo Pierre yahamagawe kwigira imbere. Yahagurutse yitonze, areba hirya no hino ubundi atangira ati:
“Natakaje imyaka myinshi y’ubuzima bwanjye kubera icyaha ntakoze. Nateshejwe agaciro mu buryo bushoboka ariko sinigeze nigunga. Imbwa yanjye Hugo yambereye inkingi iyo natangiraga kwiheba. Hugo yanyeretse ko ubudahemuka n’urukundo bishobora kukuboneshereza n’iyo waba uri mu bihe by’icuraburindi.”

Pierre akirimo kuvuga, imiryango y’urukiko iba irafungutse bucece. Abari mu rukiko bose barahindukira. Michel yari yateguye gutungura Pierre. Hugo nayo yari itegereje hanze iba irinjiye iherekejwe n’umupolisi, ibonye Pierre ihita yirukanka imusanga, Pierre arapfukama kugira ngo ayakire. Mu rukiko bose baraceceka, n’umucamanza ubwe ubona ko bimukoze ku mutima. Ako kanya kahise gahindura umwuka wari uri aho. Ntibyashobokaga ko abantu bareka kwiyumvisha umubano uhebuje uri hagati y’umuntu n’imbwa.

Uwunganiraga Pierre, yanzuye ubuvugizi bwe agira ati: Ubudahemuka bwa Hugo ni gihamya ndakuka cyemeza ko Pierre ari umwere. Imbwa ntizica imanza, zibyiyumvamo, kandi Hugo ibyo yiyumvisemo ni byo buri wese hano yagombye kwiyumvamo none aha. Ukuri kurashyize kukajya ahagaragara.

Elon Musk arasabirwa kwamburwa ubwenegihugu bwa Canada

Iyo nyandiko yashyizwe ahagaragara mu minsi itanu ishize, kugira ngo ishyirweho umukono, irashyira mu majwi Elon Musk kuba arimo kubangamira inyungu za Canada no gushyira mu bibazo ubusugire bw’igihugu.

Muri Canada, umuntu ashobora kwamburwa ubwenegihugu igihe yakoze icyaha cy’uburiganya, kwiyoberanya cyangwa guhisha amakuru nkana mu gihe yasabaga ubwenegihugu.

Elon Musk wavukiye muri Afrika y’Epfo, afite ubwenegihugu bwa Canada n’ubwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Asubiza iyo nyandiko imusabira kwamburwa ubwenegihugu bwa Canada, umuherwe Musk yanditse kuri X agira ati “Canada si igihugu nyacyo,” ariko yaje kubisiba hashize umwanya muto.

Iyo nyandiko irashinja umuherwe Musk ko yakoresheje ubutunzi bwe n’ubushobozi, mu kugenza uko abishaka amatora none ngo yahindutse umuyoboke wa Guverinoma y’ikindi gihugu gishishikajwe no gukuraho ubusugire bwa Canada.

Ubwenegihugu bwa Canada, Musk abukura kuri nyina wavukiye muri Saskatchewan.

Iyo nyandiko yashyizwe ahagaragara ku itariki 20 Gashyantare, ikaba imaze gushyirwaho umukono n’Abanya-Canada barenga 250,000 kandi iracyakira abifuza kuyisinyaho kugeza ku itariki 20 Kamena 2025.

Ni inyandiko ahanini ifatwa nk’ikimenyetso, kandi nta mbaraga ifite mu rwego rw’amategeko. Ariko iyo inyandiko nk’izo zibashije gukusanya imikono byibuze 500 zikanagira ijwi ry’umudepite umwe uzishyigikira, Guverinoma ni bwo igira icyo ibikoraho.

Iyo nyandiko yateguwe n’umwanditsi wa British Columbia, ishyirwaho umukono na Depite Charlie Angus wo mu ishyaka New Democratic Party.

Michel yereka ibimenyetso umuyobozi wa gereza

Nubwo Michel yari amaze kugera ku bimenyetso byerekana akarengane ka Pierre, yari azi neza ko ababiri inyuma batari kuzaterera iyo. Mu gusubira kuri gereza, yagombaga gutangira nta kuzuyaza ngo hato hatazaboneka ibyo yatahuye. Muri icyo gihe, Pierre yari ategereje mu buroko ahangayitse, atazi niba imbwa ye Hugo na Michel hari icyo babashije kugeraho.

Yabonaga inshinge z’isaha zihuta cyane bidasanzwe, amasaha agenda asatira umunsi we wa nyuma. Bumaze gutandukana ku munsi nyirizina, izuba ryo mu museso riza ryongerera Pierre uburemere burenze ukwemera. Haburaga amasaha macye ngo ajye kwicwa. Kandi nta kanunu ka Michel na Hugo yabonaga hafi aho.

Aho yari yicaye mu buroko, yari apfumbase ka kandiko yasanze ku runigi rwa Hugo. Agashashi kanzunya, kamwe rukumbi k’ibyiringiro kanyenyeretsaga mu icuraburindi ry’urwari rumutegereje. Ariko bumaze gucya neza, Michel aba aratungutse ubona ko yahindutse mu isura.

Michel ahamagara Pierre ngo aze baganire. Pierre ntega amatwi witonze, nabonye ibimenyetso bishobora kukurenganura ariko ugomba kugira vuba; ababikoze nibaramuka baduketse, ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuburirwa irengero burundu. Pierre ntiyabyiyumvishaga kuko ibyo yari amaze kumva yabaye nk’ugonze ikibambasi.

Michel, n’ubwo ufite ibimenyetso, nta muntu uri buze kunyumva, uyu ni wo munsi wanjye wa nyuma. Michel asa n’ujijinganyije gato, ubundi ashyira ibiganza bye ku bitugu bya Pierre. Wenda ntibaza kukumva, ariko njye nzi umuntu ushobora kukumva. Hanyuma Michel amubwira uko agiye kubigenza. Yateganyaga gushyira bya bimenyetso umushinjacyaha yaraziho ubunyangamugayo kandi utarashoboraga gukangwa no gushyira ukuri ahagaragara.

Kujyanwa mu cyumba cy’urupfu

Ariko ibyo, Michel byamusabaga gusohoka muri gereza ubundi agatangira gusiganwa n’iminota kugira ngo atange dosiye amazi atararenga inkombe. Mu gihe yiteguraga gusohoka, Pierre bamujyana kwitegura kwicwa. Imitima yari yahagaze muri gereza, abandi bacungagereza bo bari mu kazi nk’uko bisanzwe batazi ibyari birimo kujya mbere.

Pierre aganira na Hugo mbere yo kujyanwa mu cyumba cy’urupfu

Hugo (imbwa ya Pierre), nayo yari yagumye iruhande rwa Michel mu iperereza ryose, igihe bajyanye Pierre ishaka kumukurikira ariko bayibuza kwinjira. Igihe cyasaga n’icyahagaze. Pierre bamwicaza ku ntebe yagombaga kwicirwaho, ahambiriye amaboko n’amaguru. Mu gihe abapolisi biteguraga gutangira akazi, bumva ijwi ririmo kwirangira mu birongozi bya gereza. Hugo nayo irimo gusakuza cyane, ishwaratura umuryango. Guhangayika kwayo kwari nk’ikimenyetso cy’umutima umenetse wa Pierre.

Muri ako kanya, babona umuryango w’icyumba ufungukanye imbaraga, Michel yinjira yihuta cyane n’impapuro na USB mu kirere, ati nimuhagarike byose, mfite ibimenyetso bihagije bituma muhagarika igihano. Uyu mugabo ni umwere! Abari aho bose bagwa mu kantu.

Umuyobozi wa gereza aramwegera yakambije agahanga abwira Michel ati ariko urabizi ko tudashobora guhagarika ibyo twatangiye tugendeye ku magambo gusa! Michel amuhereza bya bimenyetso anamusobanurira ibyo yagezeho byose. Impapuro zari zitabye mu butaka, amafoto ashyira abantu mu majwi n’amakuru yo muri banki yahuzaga bidasubirwaho abanyabyaha nyabo n’icyaha cyari cyarahamijwe Pierre.

Umuyobozi wa gereza amaze gusuzuma ibimenyetso, umushinjacyaha wari waje kuri gereza ari kumwe na Michel nawe yemeza ko bihagije kugira ngo basubukure iperereza. Hugo nayo yari yamaze kuvanwa aho yari ifungiye ihita yinjira yiruka igwa mu maboko ya Pierre isa nk’aho yamenye ko imaze gutsinda isiganwa yari igeretsemo n’isaha. Pierre mu marangamutima menshi, nawe asamira hejuru inshuti ye mudatenguha, amarira amutemba mu maso.

Hugo ishwaratura umuryango

Ariko icyo abantu bose batari bazi, ni uko iyo yari intangiriro. Ibyo bimenyetso ntabwo byari bigiye kurenganura Pierre gusa, byari bigiye no gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bw’abantu bose babigizemo uruhare ukuri kumaze kujya ahagaragara.

Ihagarikwa ry’igihano cy’urupfu kuri Pierre, riba ribaye intangiriro y’urugamba rurerure kandi rugoye. Nubwo Michel yari yatanze ibimenyetso, ubutabera nabwo bwari bukeneye igihe cyo gukora iperereza ryimbitse. Pierre yararusimbutse ariko aguma muri gereza, gusa muri we yari amaze kugarura ikintu yari amaze imyaka myinshi atibuka. Ibyiringiro.

Gutandukana na Hugo

Michel yafashe Hugo ngo ayijyane mu kigo kita ku nyamanswa zitabira ba nyirazo, ariko ikomeza kumoka cyane ibonye ko bagiye kuyitandukanya na Pierre. Michel yumva agize impuhwe, maze yemerera Pierre ko ayijyana iwe akazayitaho kugeza igihe ikibazo kizarangirira.

Ibyo byatumye Pierre arushaho kugirira icyizere inshuti ye Michel, ariko gutandukana na Hugo byamushenguye umutima.

Biracyaza...

Ni umwanzuro wafashwe nyuma y’uko u Bubiligi bugaragaje ko bushyigikiye leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo (RDC) mu kubangamira gahunda y’u Rwanda y’iterambere rufitanye n’ibigo by’imari n’imiryango mpuzamahanga.

Itangazo MINAFFET yashyize ahagaragara kuwa Kabiri 18 Gashyantare 2025 riragira riti “Mu gihe Umuryango Mpuzamahanga usabwa gushyigikira inzira y’ubuhuza yateguwe n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (AU) n’Inama ya EAC-SADC kugira ngo haboneke umuti w’ikibazo cyo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, u Bubiligi bwo bwakomeje gukorana na RDC mu kubangamira u Rwanda ngo rubure inkunga zo gushyigikira iterambere harimo n’iz’imiryango mpuzamahanga."

Itangazo rikomeza rigira riti “u Bubiligi bwafashe icyemezo cya politike bufata uruhande muri icyo kibazo, kandi ni uburenganzira bwabwo, ariko gufata iterambere ukarivanga na politike ni ibintu ubwabyo bitemewe. Nta gihugu na kimwe cyo mu karere cyagombye kubangamirwa mu bikorwa byacyo by’iterambere, kugira ngo gishyirweho igitutu cya politike."

U Rwanda rwavuze ko ibyemezo byo gufatirwa ibihano by’uruhurirane nta bundi buryo byafatwamo usibye kuba ari ukwivanga kw’amahanga kudafite ishingiro, bikaba bica intege inzira y’ubuhuza iyobowe na Afurika kandi bikaba bishobora kudindiza inzira yo kugera ku mahoro. Bene ibyo byemezo ntacyo byagiye bigeraho no mu bihe byashize, ahubwo usanga birushaho kuzambya ibintu no gutuma bihora bikururuka.

Muri iri tangazo, u Rwanda rwagaragaje ko imyifatire y’u Bubiligi muri iki kibazio igaragaza ko nta musingi ukomeye ugihari w’ubufatanye mu iterambere hamwe n’u Rwanda.

Itangazo rigira riti "Ni yo mpamvu u Rwanda ruhagaritse gahunda y’ubutwererane ya 2024-2029 rwari rufitanye n’u Bubiligi."

Iyi gahunda yari irimo miliyoni 95 z’ama euros (140,505,000,000FRW) hakaba hari hamaze gukoreshwa miliyoni 15 z’ama euros.

Itangazo rikomeze rigira riti “U Rwanda ntiruzigera rwemera na rimwe gushyirwaho ibikangisho cyangwa guhakirizwa ku bintu bishobora kubangamira umutekano warwo. Intego yacu nyamukuru ni ukugira imipaka itekanye no guhosha burundu politike z’ubuhezanguni bushingiye ku moko bukomeje kuyogoza akarere kacu."

U Rwanda rwavuze ko rukeneye amahoro n’igisubizo kirambye, kuko nta muntu wagombye gukomeza kwihanganira ayo makimbirane yabaye urudaca ari nako akomeza gukwirakwira kubera ko guverinoma ya RDC n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga bimaze imyaka byarananiwe gusohoza inshingano zo kurengera uburenganzira bw’abahutazwa, no kurandura umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR w’abakoze Jenoside wafatiwe ibihano n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.

Iri tangazo rero risoza ryibutsa ko ubufatanye mu iterambere bugomba gushingira ku kubahana.

"U Rwanda rukora uko rushoboye rugakoresha neza inkunga ruhabwa, kandi ibyo nta mufatanyabikorwa n’umwe wigeze ubishidikanyaho. Gusigasira ubwo bwubahane no gushyigikira byimazeyo ubuhuza bwa UA/EAC/SADC ni iby’ingenzi cyane muri ibi bihe bitoroheye akarere kacu."

Agaruka ku cyemezo cy’u Rwanda, Umvugizi wa Guverinoma Wungirije, Alain Mukuralinda yagize ati: "Hari ibyemezo byafashwe cyangwa se amatangazo yakozwe n’Umuryango wua Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, SADC na EAC iyo miryango ihuriye hamwe igerageza kureba ukuntu icyo kibazo cyakemuka binyuze mu nzira y’ibiganiro na dipolomasi."

Yakomeje avuga ko hari ibindi bihugu usanga aho gushyigikira ibyo byemezo, bica inyuma bijya gusaba ko u Rwanda rukomatanyirizwa ku mfashanyo cyangwa mu mibanire rufitanye n’ibindi bihugu ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga.

Ati: "Ibyo ni ibintu byakozwe biranamenyekana u Rwanda rugenda rubimenya, rugenda rubyihanganira [.....] Ntiwaba rero uvuga ngo ufitanye amasezerano y’ubutwererane n’Igihugu runaka ngo nurangiza uce ruhinganyuma ujye kubasabira ko abandi bayahagarika kubera ibibazo bya politike."

Alain Mukuralinda yavuze ko ibibazo by’iterambere bitari bikwiye kuvangwa n’ibibazo bya politike cyangwa se ngo bigirwe ibikangisho.

Yavuze ko ibyo byose ari byo u Rwanda rwahereyeho ruvuga ko izo mbaraga u Bubiligi buri gukoresha mu gushaka ko u Rwanda ruhagarikirwa inkunga, bigaragaza ko nta bufatanye mu bijyanye n’iterambere bugikenewe hagati y’impande zombi.

Pierre bamuzanira Hugo mbere yo kujyanwa mu cyumba cy’urupfu

Muri gereza imwe yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hari umugabo wari warakatiwe urwo gupfa ashinjwa icyaha atakoze cyo kwica umuntu. Ni icyaha yageretsweho n’abayobozi b’ikigo yakoreraga cy’ubwubatsi nyuma yo gutahura impapuro zabashyiraga mu majwi hamwe n’abayobozi b’ibanze bari baramunzwe na ruswa.

Iyo hataba ah’imbwa ye Hugo, Pierre yari agiye gushyirwa ku ntebe y’amashanyarazi, nka bumwe mu buryo bwakoreshwaga cyera mu kwica abafungwa bakatiwe igihano cyo kwicwa. ‘
Pierre yari afungiwe aha wenyine

Mu gitondo kibanziriza umunsi Pierre yagombaga kwicirwaho, muri gereza hari imbeho nyinshi nta n’inyoni itamba. Pierre agiye kumva yumva intambwe zigenda mu kirongozi ziza zigana mu kumba yabagamo. Ubuzima bwe bwari bugiye kurangira.

Nyuma yo guhamwa n’ibyaha atari yarakoze, Pierre bari baje kumuha amahirwe ya nyuma yo kuvuga icyifuzo cye mbere yo kwicwa. Ariko icyatunguye abayobozi ba gereza, ni uko icyifuzo cye cya nyuma kitarebaga umuryango we, nticyarebaga inshuti ze yewe habe no gusaba imbabazi. Cyarebaga imbwa ye Hugo yari amaze imyaka itanu atabona.

Hugo ntabwo yari imbwa ibonetse yose. Ni rwo rwibutso rwonyine Pierre yari asigaranye rwamwibutsaga igihe ubuzima bwe bwari bufite igisobanuro.

Urukiko, itangazamakuru, yewe n’umuryango we bwite bari baramuteraranye. Ariko imbwa ye Hugo, ntiyigeze itezuka gutegereza Pierre n’ubwo isi yose yari yaramuteye umugongo.

Pierre yari afungiye aha wenyine

Ntakindi nifuza usibye kubona Hugo bwa nyuma, uwo ari Pierre mu ijwi risaraye ariko ryihagazeho. Ubwo abacungagereza bararebana birashobera. Icyifuzo nk’icyo nticyari gisanzwe, ariko kubera agahinda kari mu maso ya Pierre, umuyobozi wa gereza yarabimwemereye.

Pierre yashakaga kureba imbwa ye bwa nyuma

Uwo munsi bahise bamuzanira Hugo, bayishyira mu mbuga ya gereza. Ni imbwa yo mu bwoko bita Labrodor zirangwa no kugira uruhu rwiza n’ubwoya bunoze kandi bucyeye cyane ukaba wagira ngo iri ahantu hari urumuri. Ikibunda cyari kibuditse, abacungagereza bifubitse, ariko Hugo ihageze bose barasusurutse.

Hugo ibonye shebuja Pierre, yahise imusanga yiruka cyane iramusimbukira kubera urukumbuzi bombi bari bafitanye, Pierre nawe arayihobera cyane amarira amutemba ku matama. Abacungagereza nta numwe wakomaga, bigaragara ko ako kanya hagati ya Hugo na Pierre kari ikintu kidasanzwe atari kuri bo gusa, ahubwo no ku babarebaga.

Igihe Pierre yarimo yagaza imbwa ye, yumvise akantu gafunze ku runigi rwayo agiye kureba asanga ni akabahasha gato, umutima urasimbuka. aribaza ati ese aka ni agaki, ni inde wakohereje? Kubera iki ubu ari bwo babikoze, mbere ya byose se bisobanuye iki?

Ibyari biri muri ako kabahasha byari bigiye guhindura ibintu byose. Pierre atangira kudagadwa, afungura akabahasha ibiganza birimo gutitira, abacungagereza nabo bamuhanze amaso.

Amaze gufungura, asangamo agapapuro kanditseho ngo “Waragambaniwe. Ukuri guhishe mu nzu iri ku musozi. Wicika intege. Umutima wa Pierre usimbukira hejuru.

Ubutumwa

Ako kandiko kari aka Sophia, umukobwa bigeze gukundana akaza kuburirwa irengero mbere gato y’ifungwa rya Pierre. Hari hashize imyaka myinshi atekereza ko Sophia yatewe ubwoba ngo atazagira icyo avuga kuko yari azi byinshi ku kibazo cyatumye Pierre afungwa.

Ubutumwa n’ibimenyetso

Umuyobozi w’abacungagereza, Michel abonye ko Pierre ahindutse ni ko kumwegera aramubaza ati ni ibiki? Mu gihe abandi bacungagereza barebanaga amakenga. Pierre ahita abika ka gapapuro mu mufuka, arasubiza ati nta cyo ni akantu kanyibukije ibihe bya kera, agerageza kwerekana ko ntacyabaye. Michel abanza kumukemanga, ariko yanga guhatiriza. Yari yarabonye uko abafungwa benshi baba bamerewe iyo buri bucye bajya kwicwa. Yari azi ko ibihe nk’ibyo biba bitoroshye.

Hagati aho ariko; imbwa ya Pierre, Hugo, yahise itangira guhuma mu ijwi rituje, isa nk’aho yumvise ikintu kidasanzwe. Naho Pierre, we yari arimo kurwana n’amarangamutima yibaza ibibaye. Yari azi neza ko nta gihe yari asigaranye kandi ako kandiko ni yo nzira yonyine yari abonye yo kumutabara.

Ubwo Pierre atangira kwibaza uko azabigenza ngo atangire iperereza ku ruhande rwe kandi ari muri gereza, yibaza n’uzabimufashamo. Muri uwo mugoroba, Pierre yahamagaye Michel ahiherereye ngo aze baganire, aramubwira ati nkeneye ko umfasha avuga mu ijwi rihangayitse. Michel asa n’uzinze umunya, aramusubiza ati Pierre urabizi ko ntacyo nashobora gukora, kandi ejo ni wo munsi, byarangiye nta bujurire bugishoboka, uwo ari Michel mu ijwi ryuzuye agahinda.

Pierre ahereza Michel akandiko ka Sophia

Ndabizi, ariko ntega amatwi. Uranzi, hano mpamaze imyaka itanu, koko wemera ko nshobora gukora ibintu nk’ibyo banshinja? Michel amara akanya ntacyo avuga. Na we ntiyabyiyumvishaga.

Mu gihe cyose yamaze muri gereza, Pierre yitwaye neza, yirinda kujya mu mirwano n’abandi bafungwa cyangwa guteza ibibazo. Ariko kuri Michel, gufasha imfungwa byashoboraga kumwirukanisha.

Hashize akanya Michel abaza Pierre ati none se urifuza ko nkora iki? Pierre amwereka ka gapapuro amusaba kujyana imbwa ye Hugo ku izina ry’ahantu handitse muri bwa butumwa. Aramubwira ati ushobora gusangayo Sophia cyangwa ibimenyetso bishobora kundenganura. Michel yitegereza ka gapapuro, Hugo na yo ukabona ko isa n’iyamenye ubukana bw’ikibazo.

Michel yitsa imitima abwira Pierre ati urabizi ko ndamutse mfashwe nabura akazi kanjye? Pierre ati ndabizi, ariko nutabikora, ndicwa ndengana. Nyuma y’umwanya muremure abyibazaho, Michel yarabyemeye. Mu rukerera bose bakiryamye, asohora Hugo muri gereza ayijyana kuri ya nzu iri ku musozi.

Ni inzu yari yaratawe, ubona ko iteye ubwoba. Hugo yasaga n’iyobowe n’ubwenge karemano nta kwibeshya. Bahageze, Hugo itangira guhunahuna izenguruka inzu hirya no hino, Michel ayikurikira agenda ashakisha inzira n’itoroshi. Hashize akanya Hugo ihita ihagarara bitunguranye itangira gucukura ubutaka ishishikaye, Michel arayegera. Ibyo yabonye byaramutunguye.

Michel na Hugo bajya gushaka ibimenyetso

Hari hatabye agasanduku gakoze mu cyuma, agafungura yigengesereye asangamo impapuro zitandukanye, amafoto na USB (flash disc) byose byariho amakuru ya ruswa ashyira mu majwi abantu b’ibikomerezwa n’ibimenyetso ntakuka ko Pierre yari yaragambaniwe kugira ngo bakingire ikibaba ba nyirubwite.

Nk’umuntu ushinzwe kubahiriza itegeko, Michel yari azi neza ko ibyo bihagije kugira ngo bongere basubukure urubanza.

Biracyaza…

Trump yafatiye ibihano ICC kubera ko ishaka guta muri yombi Netanyahu

ICC yavuze ko igomba gukomera ku bakozi bayo, kuko icyemezo cya Trump ngo kije guhungabanya akazi kabo ko kwisanzura, no kutabogama mu gutanga ubutabera.

Iteka rya Trump rishinja ICC kutubahiriza amategeko mu bikorwa byayo, nyuma y’uko isohoye impapuro zo guta muri yombi Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, ku byaha by’intambara Israel ishinjwa gukorera muri Gaza.

ICC kandi yanasohoye impapuro zo guta muri yombi umuyobozi wa Hamas.

Urukiko rwa ICC ni urukiko rw’Isi, ariko USA na Israel ntabwo biri mu banyamuryango barwo, rukaba rufite ububasha bwo gushinja ibyaha bya Jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu n’ibyaha by’intambara.

ICC

Ifoto yafashwe ku wa 28 MUTARAMA 1961. Dominique Mbonyumutwa(uwa kabiri i buryo) ni we wahise aba Perezida w’agateganyo nyuma y’amezi macye asimburwa na Kayibanda Glegoire(hagati)

Icyo gihe Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, yari yarasimbuye mukuru we Mutara III Rudahigwa waguye i Bujumbura mu Burundi tariki 25 Nyakanga 1959, ku kagambane k’abakoloni b’Ababiligi bari bagamije gukuraho ubwami bagashyiraho repubulika.

Umwami yahiritswe adahari

Muri Nyakanga 1960, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yagiye mu nama i Bujumbura ya Teritwari ya Rwanda-Urundi. Akiri i Bujumbura, Ababiligi bamenyesheje umwami Kigeli V ko atemerewe kugaruka mu gihugu, ahita ahungira i Kinshasa muri Zaire (Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo y’ubu).

Kigeli ajya kujya mu nama, umwuka mu gihugu ntiwari umeze neza kuko amashyaka MDR-PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA yari ageze kure mu bukangurambaga bwo kwangisha rubanda umwami mu gihugu hose.

Ku itariki 20 Mata 1960, inama y’agateganyo yakoraga nk’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, yahaye Umwami Kigeli imyanzuro bavugaga ko yari igamije kugeza igihugu ku mahoro, ariko mu by’ukuri yari iyo kumunaniza.

Muri iyo myanzuro, bamusabye kuva mu ngoro ye i Nyanza mu Rukari akajya gutura i Kigali, aho yagombaga gukorana n’abantu bane (4) bari kuva mu mashyaka ane manini ari yo MDR-PARMEHUTU, APROSOMA, RADER na UNAR.

Bamusabye kandi gukuraho ingoma ngabe Kalinga n’inama y’abiru. ariko Kigeli yarabyanze kuko yabonaga ko ari akagambane. Amaze kubyanga, abayobozi ba MDR na APROSOMA bandikira Guverinoma y’u Bubiligi tariki 30 Mata 1960, bavuga ko kuva umwami yanze kumva ibyifuzo byabo, bacanye umubano na we.

Tariki ya 6 Kamena 1960, abayobozi ba MDR bateraniye mu Ruhengeri bayobowe na Grégoire Kayibanda, batangaza ko banze ubwami icyo bashaka ari repubulika.

Muri uko kwezi, ni bwo habaye amatora y’inzego z’ibanze nk’uko Umuryango w’Abibumbye (LONI) wari warabyemeje, bityo MDR-PARMEHUTU itsindira imyanya myinshi nk’ishyaka ryari ryiganjemo abiyitaga ‘rubanda nyamwishi’ (Abahutu).

Umunsi MDR-PARMEHUTU yatangarijeho ko ubwami buvuyeho, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yari yagiye i Kinshasa guhura n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa LONI bagombaga kuganira ku bibazo by’u Rwanda.

Akagambane ka MDR-PARMEHUTU n’Ababiligi

Kubera ubusabe bw’umwami Kigeli wari mu buhungiro n’amashyaka nka UNAR yari amushyigikiye, tariki 20 Ukuboza, Inteko Rusange ya LONI yafashe imyanzuro ibiri:
Umwe wasabaga Ababiligi guhuza impande za Politiki zitavuga rumwe mu Rwanda, kwemerera Umwami Kigeli kugaruka mu gihugu no gutegura amatora ya kamarampaka yagombaga kwemeza niba abaturage bashyigikiye ubwami na Kigeli.

Inama ihuza impande zitavuga rumwe yabereye mu Bubiligi muri Mutarama 1961, amajwi menshi yemeza ko ibyemejwe na LONI bishyirwa mu bikorwa, ariko amashyaka MDR na APROSOMA arabyanga, avuga ko iyo myanzuro ngo ihabanye n’ibyifuzo by’abaturage.

Iyo ni yo yabaye intandaro yo gutumiza inama y’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bose ku itariki 28 Mutarama 1961.

Mu gusuzugura imyanzuro ya LONI, Kayibanda n’ishyaka rye MDR babifashijwemo n’u Bubiligi. Gihamya ikaba ari uko habura iminsi micye ngo habe icyo bise ‘Coup d’Etat’y’i Gitarama, Kayibanda ubwe yagiye kureba Colonel Guy Logiest wari Rezida Udasanzwe w’u Rwanda, amumenyesha iby’inama yo guhirika ubwami.

Mu 1988, Logiest yanditse igitabo kirimo interuro igira iti “Ntabwo nashoboraga kumushyigikira ku mugaragaro muri icyo gikorwa cyo kwivumbura, ariko na none sinashoboraga no kumubuza,”
Mu gitabo cye, Col Logiest akomeza agira ati “Nta bwo nabishakaga ariko nta n’uburyo bwo kubyanga narimfite…Namusezeranyije kumufasha mu gutegura iyo nama kugira ngo turinde ituze rya rubanda, dutwara abayitabiriye, gutegura aho izabera no gutanga indangururamajwi.”

Ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda ntibwatanze umusaruro

Tariki 25 Nzeli 1961, habaye amatora ya kamarampaka yari yarasabwe na LONI kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bagaragaze niba bemera Ubwami na Kigeli.

Kuwa 25 Nzeli 1961, Kamarampaka yakuyeho ubwami

Mu bitabiriye amatora, 79 % bemeje ko batagishaka ubwami, ariko ku rundi ruhande, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wari mu buhungiro i Kinshasa, nawe yagaragaje ko atemera ibyavuye mu matora, avuga ko yabayemo uburiganya.

Dominique Mbonyumutwa wari umuyoboke wa MDR-PARMEHUTU ni we wagizwe perezida w’agateganyo muri repubulika ya mbere kuva muri Mutarama kugeza mu Kwakira 1961.

Nyuma y’amatora yo mu Kwakira 1961, Dominique Mbonyumutwa yasimbuwe na Grégoire Kayibanda wari perezida wa MDR-PARMEHUTU, ashingwa ubuyobozi kugeza ku itariki 1 Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge, Kayibanda aba Perezida wa Repubulika ya mbere (1962-1973).

Tariki 1 Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge

Mu kiganiro yigeze kugirana na Radiyo Ijwi rya Amerika (VOA), Kigeli yavuze ko kuva mu Rwanda kwe byari byateguwe n’Ababiligi bari barangije gutegura umugambi wo gukuraho ubwami.

Kigeli V yaragize ati “Mu by’ukuri navuye mu Rwanda atari njyewe ubishaka. Navanyweyo n’Ababiligi. Umwami Rudahigwa bamaze kumwica, Guverineri Generali w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi Jean Paul Harroy, yari yiteguye gushyiraho undi usimbura Rudahigwa, noneho ku itariki 28 Nyakanga aba ari jyewe wima, hanyuma tariki 29 Nzeri 1959 nemeza leta y’Ababiligi ko nzaba Umwami Uganje (w’itegeko nshinga) mbishyiraho umukono imbere y’Inama Nkuru y’u Rwanda icyo gihe.”

Kigeri akomeza agira ati “Kubera rero ko leta y’Ababiligi yashakaga gukuraho Ubwami mu Rwanda ku mbaraga ni bwo itangiye guteranya Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa, bashora indwano, gutwika amazu no kwica. Nsaba leta y’Ababiligi kugira ngo mbihoshe baranga, mpita mfata icyemezo cyo kujya Kinshasa kureba Dag Hammarskjold wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kumubwira ko akwiriye gutabara, ko mu Rwanda bimeze nabi kandi Ababiligi bakaba baranze guhagarika intambara.”

Nyuma yaho, Ababiligi bahise bashyiraho repubulika bangira Kigeli kugaruka mu gihugu, kuko n’ubundi intego yabo yari ugukuraho Ubwami bagashyiraho repubulika nk’uko Kigeri V yabisobanuye.

Kigeli yaragize ati “Icyo gitekerezo Ababiligi bakigize mbere Mutara amaze gutanga, kuko bari bateguye undi bashakaga gushyiraho utari umwami. Bari bategereje gushyiraho repubulika muri icyo gihe.”

Ababiligi bamaze kumubuza gutaha, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste yahise ava i Kinshasa yerekeza muri Tanzania, akomereza i Nairobi muri Kenya, ariko naho ntiyahatinda kuko haje kuba imidugararo ya politike, Kigeli yigira inama yo kujya muri
Uganda, aza kuhava yerekeza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (US) ku cyicaro cya LONI ngo arebe ko yabasha kubumvisha ko bagomba gutabara u Rwanda ariko biba iby’ubusa.

Uko ni ko ubwami bwasimbuwe na repubulika, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa aguma mu buhungiro muri US. Kigeli yakomeje kugumana icyubahiro cya cyami ariko mu buryo bw’izina, akomeza no gusigasira umurage ndangamuco w’ubwami anabyambikirwa imidari.

Yagumye mu buhungiro aho yari afite ibikorwa byo gufasha Abanyarwanda b’impunzi mu muryango wamwitiriwe (Kigeli V Foundation), kugeza atabarutse (atanze) ku itariki 16 Ukwakira 2016 afite imyaka 80.

Iminsi ye ya nyuma yayibaye mu mujyi wa Oakton, Virginia muri USA, ariko umugogo we watabarijwe mu Rwanda i Mwima mu karere ka Nyanza ku itariki 15 Mutarama 2017.

Iyo nkongi y’umuriro bahimbye izina rya The Hughes, yibasiye ibice by’Amajyaruguru ya Los Angeles, imaze gutwika ahantu harenga kilometero kare 30, kandi umuriro urimo kugenda wototera ibice bituwe.

Ubuyobozi bwatangaje ko iyo nkongi irimo gutizwa umurindi n’inkubi y’umuyaga ufite umuvuduko wa kilometero 40 ku isaha, ariko bukeremeza ko hari icyizere cyo kuwuzimya hakiri kare utarangiza ibintu byinshi.

Anthony Marrone ukuriye itsinda rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro muri Los Angeles, yavuze ko bafite icyizere cyo guhangana n’iyo nkongi, kuko uwo muyaga udafite umuvuduko uri hejuru nk’uko byari bimeze mu nkongi ziherutse kwibasira ako gace.

Mu minsi ishize, inkongi z’umuriro zirenga eshanu zibasiye umujyi wa Los Angeles, hapfa abantu 28, zangiza inyubako zibarirwa mu bihumbi 10.

Inkongi z’umuriro zimaze gusa nka karande muri Los Angeles City, umujyi ubusanzwe ufite akazina keza kuko mu Kinyarwanda bisobanura Umujyi w’Abamalayika.

Perezida Yoon, wananiwe guhatira abaturage kugendera ku itegeko rya gisirikare, bigateza akaduruvayo mu gihugu katumye inteko ishinga amategeko imukuraho, ubu arimo gukorwaho iperereza ku byaha byo kwigomeka.

Nubwo ari uko bimeze ariko, Yoon Suk Yeol aracyari perezida w’igihugu mu buryo bw’imikorere mu gihe urukiko rw’itegeko nshinga rutaremeza gukurwaho kwe.

Abagenzacyaha bakoresheje inzego n’ibyuma bikata imikwege kugira ngo babashe kwinjira mu rugo rwe, hafi gucakirana n’abashinzwe umutekano we nabo bari bashyizeho imyugariro kugira ngo babakumire.

Perezida Yoon w’imyaka 64, yavuze ko yemeye kwitaba ibiro by’ushinzwe iperereza ku byaha bya ruswa biregwa abayobozi bakuru, kugira ngo hatagira amaraso ameneka.

Mu mashusho ya video y’iminota itatu, Yoon yavuze ko azorohereza iperereza gukora akazi karyo nubwo atemeranyaga naryo, kuko we avuga ko ritubahirije amategego. Abayobozi b’urukiko rw’itegekonshinga bo bakomeje kwemeza ko byakozwe mu nzira zemewe.

Umuyobozi w’ishyaka ry’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi riharanira demukarasi
Park Chan-dae, yavuze ko gutabwa muri yombi kwa Perezida Yoon ari ikimenyetso cy’uko ubutabera muri Korea y’epfo bufite ubuzima.

Kuri ubu igihugu kirimo kuyoborwa na minisitiri w’ubukungu Choi Sang-mok nka perezida w’umusigire. Uyu yagiriwe icyizere nyuma y’uko uwa mbere bari bashizeho Han Duck-soo, nawe yahise akurwaho n’ubwiganze bw’amajwi y’abadepite batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.

Mu Gushyingo umwaka ushize, Daniel Chapo w’imyaka 48 usanzwe ari mu ishyaka FRELIMO riri ku butegetsi, yatsindiye kuyobora Mozambike muri manda itaha, aho yabonye amajwi 65% mu matora ataravuzweho rumwe.

Umukandida watsinzwe aya matora Venâncio Mondlane, mu cyumweru gishize yagarutse mu gihugu avuye mu buhungiro yijyanyemo ku bushake muri Africa y’epfo, aho yemeza ko yarokotse umugambi wo kumuhitana.

Haba ku ruhande rw’indorerezi n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, aya matora yavuzwemo uburiganya no kwiba amajwi, ari na byo byateje imyigaramgambyo yakurikiye amatora.

Icyakora, iyi myogaragambyo yaje guhoshwa n’abashinzwe umutekano muri Mozambike, ku buryo irahira risanze hari ituze.

Hejuru ya 90% by’abaturage bo muri Cabo Delgado bamaze gusubira mu byabo kuko umutekano wagarutse, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi na serivisi zirebana n’ubuzima bw’abaturage nazo zongeye gukora.

Icyakora nyuma y’iminsi mike avuye mu buhungiro, uwatsinzwe amatora yahamagariye Abanya-Mozambique kuzajya mu mihanda mu gihe Chapo azaba atangiye kurahira kuri uyu wa gatatu, abasaba kwigaragambya bamagana abo yise ‘abajura’.

U Rwanda na Mozambique bisanzwe bifitanye umubano ukomeye mu ngeri zirimo ubucuruzi, ubutabera n’umutekano.

Kuva mu 2021, inzego z’umutekano z’u Rwanda ziri muri Mozambique mu bikorwa byo gutsimbura ibyihebe byari byarayogoje intara ya Cabo Delgado iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu.

Kuva u Rwanda rwakohereza ingabo n’abapolisi muri Mozambique kugira ngo barwanye ibyihebe byo mu mutwe wa Al Sunnah wa Jama’ah, abari abayobozi babyo benshi barishwe.

Umwami Yuhi V Musinga 1883 - 1944

Mu by’ingenzi twavuga byabaye hagati aho, ni ingirwa-mpinduramatwara yo mu 1959 yakurikiwe n’ihirikwa ry’ingoma y’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, ubwicanyi bwakorewe abo bari bahuje ubwoko, no guhunga kwa murumuna we Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wagombaga kumusimbura.

Mutara na Kigeli, bombi ni abahungu ba Yuhi V Musinga na we wirukanywe n’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi mu 1931, ari na yo yabaye intandaro y’ibibazo byose u Rwanda rwaje guhura nabyo mu myaka yakurikiyeho.

Yuhi Musinga (1883 – 1944), ni umuhungu wa Kigeli Rwabugili na Nyirayuhi Kanjogera, akaba umwe mu bana basaga cumi na batanu (15) Rwabugili yabyaranye n’abagore babarirwa muri 20. Yimye ingoma mu Ukuboza 1896 kugeza ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1931, asimbuye Mibambwe IV Rutalindwa nyuma y’intambara yo ku Rucunshu, hanyuma na we asimburwa n’umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahirwa (1931-1959).

Yuhi V Musinga yatanze ku wa 13 Mutarama 1944, aguye mu buhungiro i Moba mu majyepfo ya Congo Belge (RDC y’ubu), nyuma yo kwirukanwa n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi bakamusimbuza umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa. Kimwe mu byo bamuhoye ni uko yari yaranze kugendera ku mabwiriza yabo nk’Abakoloni, no kuyoboka Imana yabo.

Kwima ingoma mu bibazo

Ingoma ye yaranzwe n’ibihe bibi mu mateka y’u Rwanda, kuko inkingi za mwamba zari zisigasiye ubuzima bw’igihugu, zashenywe ku ngoma ye no kuba Ababiligi baramuciriye ishyanga, nyuma yo kumwambura agaciro mu buryo bwose.

Musinga yabyawe na Kigeri IV Rwabugiri na Kanjogera mu 1883. Se wa Musinga amaze gufata icyemezo cy’uko azasimburwa n’umuhungu we Rutalindwa, yamuhaye ubutegetsi ku buryo butaziguye, basa n’aho bategekanye mu myaka ye ya nyuma (guhera mu 1889).

Nk’uko Musenyeri Kagame Alexis yabyanditse mu muvugo yatuye Musinga, Abiru bakuru babwiye Rwabugili ko kuba Kanjogera azaba umugabekazi, bishobora guteza ibibazo ndetse n’intambara yo kurwanira ingoma.

Musinga yagiye ku ngoma nyuma y’aho ba nyirarume na nyina Kanjogera bakoresheje amayeri n’intambara, byatumye Rutalindwa yitwikira mu nzu ku Rucunshu. Rutalindwa yitwikiye mu nzu n’abana n’umugore hamwe n’ingoma z’ingabe. Icyo gihe ni bwo nyirarume wa Musinga abwiye rubanda ati “Haguma umwami, ingoma irabazwa”.

Mu gihe abari ku ruhande rwa Rutalindwa barimo mukuru we Muhigirwa bamubwiraga kwikiza Musinga, we yanze kumena amaraso ya mwenese. Ubwo yakomeje kwizera Kanjogera bavuga ko yagiye amuroga buhoro buhoro ku buryo mu by’ukuri bajya kumutera ku Rucunshu, bari bamaze kumumaraho amaboko. Abayobozi b’ingabo bakomeye bari bamushyigikiye baragambaniwe nabo bagenda bicwa urusorongo.

Nyuma y’umwaduko w’abazungu, Musinga amaze kumva ko abapadiri bera baje kandi bazamara igihe, nabo yabanje kubakoresha abemerera kujya gushinga za misiyoni kure y’i Bwami, mbere na mbere aho yumvaga hashobora kuva abashoboraga kwigomeka ku ngoma ye.

Kwirukanwa n’abakoloni

Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’Isi (1945), Abadage bamaze gutsindwa n’Ababiligi mu Rwanda, bahambiriye utwabo berekeza i Tanganyika aho bavuye basubira ku mugabane w’Uburayi.

Ababiligi bamaze kwigarurira u Rwanda, bambuye Musinga ububasha bwose yari yaragumanye nk’umwami ku bw’Abadage, ndetse bamwambura n’ububasha bwo kugira ingabo. Ibyo byari bivuze ko ubusugire bw’Igihugu bwari bugiye mu nshingano z’abera, bituma Musinga atumvikana n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi.

Uretse ibyo kandi, Umwami Musinga ntiyigeze yumvikana n’abapadiri bera, yanga no kubatizwa ndetse ategeka abamukomokaho bose kutazigera bayoboka Imana y’abazungu.

Hagati aho ariko umwe muri ba nyirarume ba Musinga yasabye Abera kubaka ishuri ry’abana b’abatware i Nyanza, kuko we yari yaramaze kubona ko ubumenyi bwigishwa n’abazungu bwari bufite ireme ryo guteza imbere Igihugu.

Kutumvikana kwa Musinga n’abazungu, abakoloni n’abanyamadini, byamuviriyemo kunyagwa ingoma abazungu batangira gutegura impfura ye Rudahigwa ngo amusimbure kuko we yari yarabaye umutoni wabo, hanyuma amusimbura ku Ngoma ku izina rya Mutara III.

Abakoloni bamaze kunyaga ingoma Musinga, bamuciriye i Kamembe (mu Karere ka Rusizi) mu 1931, arahaba kugeza mu 1942 ari bwo Ababiligi bafataga icyemezo cyo kumucira ishyanga muri Congo yari igitegekwa n’Ababiligi (Congo Belge), bamujyana i Moba ari naho yaguye ku itariki 13 Mutarama 1944.

Ubutegetsi bwa Yuhi V Musinga bwaranzwe n’ibintu bine by’ingenzi: Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yose, no kwirukanwa kw’Abadage bikozwe n’Ababiligi, kwagura ububasha bw’umwami mu gihugu hose, amatsinda menshi y’abahataniraga gushaka kujya ku ngoma n’inzara ya Ruzagayura yo mu 1928-29.

Icyahitanye Musinga ntabwo cyamenyekanye by’imvaho, ariko amateka avuga ko yazize urw’ikirago, umugogo we ugatwarwa n’Ababiligi nubwo nabyo nta gihamya kibyemeza.

Andi makuru ahari avuga ko yarwariye ubushita i Kamembe muri Rusizi, aho yabanje kuba mbere yo kujyanwa i Moba (Kilembwe) aho yaguye amaze imyaka 13 aciwe mu gihugu cye.

Justin Trudeau na Donald Trump

Trump watorewe kuyobora US, mu minsi ishize yumvijanye kenshi avuga ko Canada niba izi ubwenge, yagombye kwemera ikaba leta ya 51 ya US.

Mu kiganiro n’itangazamakuru kuwa Kabiri mu rugo rwe ruri Florida, Trump yavuze ko bishoboka cyane gukuraho umurongo muhimbano ubundi ngo ukareba ukuntu ari byiza. Aha yakomozaga ku gukuraho umupaka uri hagati ya US na Canada, kuri we agasanga byafasha mu gucunga umutekano w’igihugu. Trumo ati "Canada na US, ibi ntako byaba bisa rwose!"

Trump yongeye gusubiramo iterabwoba rye ku kuzamura imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva muri Canada niba iki gihugu kidashyizeho ingamba zo gukaza umutekano ku mupaka wacyo na US.

Iri terabwoba rya Trump kuri Canada, rije mu gihe iki gihugu kiri mu bibazo bya politike bitacyoroheye. Kuwa Mbere, 06 Mutarama, Justin Trudeau yavuze ko agiye kwegura, nubwo azakomeza akaba minisitiri w’intebe kugeza igihe ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rizatorera umuyobozi mushya, mu matora ateganyijwe mu mpera za Werurwe.

Le Pen waranzwe ahanini no guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi (Holocaust) n’ivangura rikabije rishingiye ku ruhu, igitsina n’ubwimukira, ni we washinze ishyaka Le Front National ry’ababogamiye iburyo (Extreme Droite) mu Bufaransa mu 1972.

Yigeze guhatana na Jacques Chirac mu matora y’umukuru w’Igihugu mu 2002, ariko atsindwa atagize n’amajwi ageze kuri 20.

Umukobwa wa Le Pen, Marine Le Pen, yasimbuye se ku buyobozi bw’ishyaka mu 2011. Kuva icyo gihe yarihinduriye izina aryita Rassemblement National, riba umwe mu mitwe ya politike ifite imbaraga mu Bufaransa.

Jordan Bardella, wasimbuye Marine Le Pen mu 2022, yavuze ko Jean-Marie Le Pen yaranzwe no kwitangira Ubufaransa no guharanira ubusugire bwabo.

Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubufaransa François Bayrou yavuze ko uwo ari we wese wigeze guhangana na Le Pen ngo azi neza uburyo yari indwanyi kabombo. Naho Minisitiri w’Umutekano mu Gihugu Bruno Retailleau yakomeje umuryango wa Le Pen, anavuga ko ari urupapuro rw’amateka y’Ubufaransa ruhinduwe.

Ni mu gihe ku rundi ruhande rwa politike, umuyobozi w’ishyaka La France Insoumise, ry’ababogamiye ibumoso (Extreme Gauce) Jean-Luc Mélenchon, yavuze ko guha icyubahiro uwatabarutse bidakuraho uburenganzira bwo kunenga ibikorwa byabo, ndetse yongeraho ko ibikorwa bya Jean-Marie Le Pen ari agahomamunwa.

Jean-Luc Mélenchon yakomeje agira ati “Urugamba twarwanaga n’umuntu rurarangiye. Urwo kurwanya urwango, ivangura, kwanga Islam n’Abayahudi yasakaje rwo rurakomeje."

Le Pen yari umwe mu banyapolitike b’abateshamutwe Ubufaransa bwagize mu myaka myinshi ishize. Ibitekerezo bye by’ubuhezanguni n’amagambo y’ivangura byamuhozaga imbere y’ubutabera bya hato na hato.

Nyamara ariko, politike ze zo kurwanya ubwimukira zamuhesheje amajwi. Mu matora ya perezida yo mu 1988 yabonye amajwi 14%, mu 1995 abona 15%, hanyuma mu 2002 abasha kugera mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’amatora, ariko amashyaka menshi asaba abayoboke bayo kumwima amajwi, bituma mukeba we Jacques Chirac amutsinda ku majwi 82%.

Mu 2015, Le Pen yirukanwe mu ishyaka Rassemblement National nyuma yo kongera kumvikana ahakana Holocaust (Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi).

Kwirukanwa kwe kandi kwabaye mu gihe yari ashyamiranye n’umukobwa we, wamushinjaga kongera gupfobya Holocaust ku mugaragaro kugira ngo arebe ko yakongera kugaragara mu ruhando rwa politike nyuma y’igihe yaribagiranye.

Kugeza ubu ariko biracyari urujijo kumenya ababa bakiri bazima, gusa ikizwi ni uko harimo abagore 10 n’abagabo 11 bakuze bari hagati y’imyaka 50 na 85, ndetse n’abana Hamas yaherukaga kuvuga ko biciwe mu bitero by’indege za Israel.

Kuri urwo rutonde rw’ingwate Hamas ivuga ko igiye kurekura harimo n’abantu barwaye. Amakuru aturuka muri Minisiteri y’Ubuzima iyobowe na Hamas mu ntara ya Gaza aravuga ko ibitero byo mu kirere bya Israel byahitanye abantu barenga 100 mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize.

Iyi tariki ihuriranye n’isabukuru y’imyigaragambyo yateje akaduruvayo kuri Capitol, inyubako ya Congress ya US, ubwo abashyigikiye Trump bashakaga kuburizamo igikorwa cyo kwemeza intsinzi ya Joe Biden mu 2020 igihe atsinda Trump nawe akanga kwemera ibyavuye mu matora.

Icyo gikorwa ubusanzwe ni nko kurangiza umuhango kuko n’ubundi uwatowe aba agomba kuba Perezida.

Mu gihe umutekano wakajijwe bidasanzwe muri Washington DC, Perezida ucyuye igihe Joe Biden, yavuze ko amateka adashobora kwisubiramo ngo hongere habe ibikorwa by’urugomo nk’ibyabaye ku itariki 06 Mutarama 2021 benshi bakahasiga ubuzima.

Saddam Hussein

Saddam yahanishijwe igihano cyo kwicwa amanitswe mu mugozi, nyuma yo guhamywa ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu mu gihugu cye. Yakatiwe n’Urukiko rwa Iraq Rudasanzwe rwamuhamije impfu z’Abanya-Iraq b’Aba Shi’ite 148 biciwe mu gace ka Dujail mu 1982, bazira ko bashatse kumuhirika ku butegetsi.

Guverinoma ya Iraq yashyize ahagaragara videwo y’iyicwa rye, imwerekana ashorewe ajyanywe aho yiciwe amanitswe mu mugozi yashyizwe mu ijosi n’abantu babiri bari bahishe amasura.

Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, habayeho impaka mpuzamahanga nyuma y’uko habonetse videwo yo kunyongwa kwe yafashwe na telefone igendanwa, agaragara azengurutswe n’abaturage barimo kumukwena mu Cyarabu n’amajwi ahanitse, ari nako basingiza umuyobozi w’Abayisilamu b’Aba Shia, Muqtada al-Sadr warwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa Saddam, ndetse banishimira kumubona yitura hasi amaze gushiramo umwuka.

Umubiri wa Saddam woherejwe ku ivuko rye mu gace ka Al-Awja, hafi y’umujyi wa Tikrit ku itariki 31 Ukuboza 2006, ari naho washyinguwe iruhande rw’imva z’abandi bantu bo mu muryango we.

Saddam yishwe anyonzwe mu rukerera ahagana saa 05:50, ku munsi wa mbere wa Eid al-Adha ku wa 30 Ukuboza 2006. Yiciwe mu kigo cya gisirikare cyitwa Camp Justice cyari gihuriweho n’ingabo za Iraq n’iza US i Kazimain, agace ko mu burasirazuba bw’amajyaruguru y’umurwa mukuru Baghdad.

Saddam Hussein yanyozwe ari wenyine, bitandukanye n’amakuru ya mbere yabanje kuvuga ko yanyongewe hamwe na bagenzi be babiri, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti na Awad Hamed al-Bandar, kuko bo bishwe ku itariki 15 Mutarama 2007. Mubyara wa Saddam witwa Ali Hassan al-Majid, na we yakatiwe urwo gupfa, yicwa na we anyonzwe ku itariki 25 Mutarama 2010.

Saddam Hussein yatawe muri yombi n’ingabo za US mu Kuboza 2003, zimusanze aho yari yihishe mu mwobo uri mu isambu iri hafi ya Tikrit aho akomoka, mu gihe cy’intambara yo kumuhirika no kumuta muri yombi, ashinjwa gutunga intwaro za kirimbuzi.

Ingabo za US kandi zishe abahungu babiri ba Saddam, Uday na Qusay, mu mirwano yabereye aho bari bihishe mu mujyi wa Mosul, ku itariki 22 Nyakanga 2003.

Tariki 30 Mutarama 2004, Condoleezza Rice wari Umujyanama mu mutekano w’igihugu ku butegetsi bwa George Bush, yemeye ku nshuro ya mbere ko bibeshye kuri Saddam kuko baje gusanga nta ntwaro za kirimbuzi yari afite, kandi ari rwo rwitwazo nyamukuru bagendeyeho bamushozaho intambara mu 2003.

Kwemera ko bibeshye byaje bikurikira ubuhamya bwo ku wa 23 Mutarama 2004 no kwegura kwa David Kay, Umunyamerika wari ukuriye itsinda ryari rishinzwe kugenzura niba Iraq yari itunze intwaro za kirimbuzi zo mu bwoko bwa WMD.

Icyo gihe Kay yavuze ko ubugenzuzi bakoze kuri gahunda y’intwaro za Iraq mbere y’intambara, baje gusanga bwose bwari bukocamye.

Nubwo ariko US zemeye ko nta ntwaro za kirimbuzi Iraq yari ifite, Saddam Hussein yakomeje kugarizwa n’ibirego by’ubwicanyi bwakorewe abanya Iraq 148 b’Aba Shi’ite mu mujyi wa Dujail, ari na byo byamuhesheje igihano cyo kwicwa anyonzwe. Saddam yari yasabye ko bamwica bamurasiye ku giti nk’uko bigenda mu gisirikare, ariko urukiko rwarabyanze, ruvuga ko agomba kunyongwa nk’umuturage usanzwe.

Nyuma yo guhirikwa no kwicwa kwa Saddam Hussein mu 2006, igihugu cyakomeje kubamo imirwano ya hato na hato yo kumaranira ubutegetsi guhera mu 2008, hagati y’Aba Shi’ite n’Aba Sunni n’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba n’ubwicanyi byakorwaga n’umutwe wa Leta ya Kiyisilamu muri Iraq na Syria (ISIS), watsinzwe mu 2017.

Kugeza muri Gashyantare 2024, muri Iraq hari hakibarirwa abantu barenga miliyoni batarabasha gusubira mu byabo kubera umutekano mucye, n’abasaga miliyoni eshatu bari bakeneye ibikorwa by’ubutabazi nk’uko bigaragara mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo Center for Preventive Action.

Nyamara iyi mikorere mu buzima imaze ibinyejana n’ibinyejana iriho, kandi abayishyigikiye bemera ko ari ryo banga ryo kugera ku musaruro. Usibye kuba bifasha kwibanda ku bintu by’ingenzi mu kazi, binafasha gushyira imbere inshingano, kwirengagiza ibirangaza no gukomeza gukunda ibyo urimo gukora (motivation).

Geir Berthelsen, umunya Norvège (Norway) washinze ikigo kitwa ‘The World Institute of Slowness’ (Ikigo cy’Isi cyo kugenza ibintu buhoro) arabisobanura neza hano “komboka (kugenza ibintu gahoro) ni igipimo kibagiranye mu bigize igihe. Bitandukanye n’uburyo ibihe bisimburana, byo ntabwo bikurikira umurongo w’igihe, ni umwanya uhari none aha, igihe kikwizihiye, igihe kidasanzwe. None se kuki wakwihuta igihe ushobora kugenda buhoro? Kugenza ibintu gahoro binarebana no kuringaniza, rero niba ugomba kwihuta, ihute gahoro.”

Iyo wihuta gahoro, biguha umwanya wo gutegura, gutekereza no gushishoza. Ibi bigufasha kwirinda guhubuka no gufata ibyemezo bishobora kugira ingaruka zitari nziza. Icyamamare Marilyn Monroe yabivuze ukuri ubwo yagiraga ati “Kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibitwangiriza ubuzima gituruka ku byemezo twafashe twihuta. Twagombye kwihuta gake mu buzima.”

‘Kwihuta gahoro’ ni interuro igira abantu inama yo gufata umwanya wo kubanza gutegura ibikorwa aho kwihutira kubishyira mu bikorwa utabanje kubitekerezaho cyangwa kubitegura uko bikwiye.

Igitekerezo kiri inyuma y’iyi nteruro ni uko igihe ufashe umwanya wo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano witonze, ni bwo ubasha kubikora wihuta kandi ukabitunganya uko bikwiye mu gihe cyabyo. Ni cya gihe ubona akazi kenshi karangiye mu gihe gito.

Umuhanga mu mibereho n’imihundukire y’ibinyabuzima, Umwongereza Charles Darwin, yibonaga nk’umuntu utekereza gahoro. Umuhanga mu mibare n’ibiyega, Umuyahudi Albert Einstein, azwiho kuba yaricaye mu biro bye … yitegereza mu cyeragati umwanya muremure ntacyo arimo gukora akazengurutsa amaso mu cyumba hose … yibereye mu isi y’ubuhanga n’ubukorikori.

Umunyamakuru wo muri Canada, Carl Honoré wanditse igitabo cyitwa The Power of Slow yaragize ati “Kuva kera na kare abantu basobanukiwe n’imbaraga zo kwitegereza buhoro ishusho ngari.”

Kwihuta buhoro kandi bisobanuye ko ari byiza gukorera ku muvuduko udahindagurika kandi urambye, uharanira gutanga umusaruro mu buryo buboneye ukoresheje igihe cyawe.

Kugenza ibintu utyo bigufasha gukora ibintu byinshi uko igihe kigenda kigira imbere ari nako wirinda kugwa agacuho no kwitesha umutwe. Iyi mikorere ishobora gukoreshwa aho ari ho hose mu buzima, ari mu kazi, mu buzima bwo mu rugo n’ibindi byose biza hagati aho ngaho.

Umwanditsi w’Umufaransa Alexandre Dumas yaragize ati ‘La hâte est un mauvais conseillé’ (Iyihuse yabyaye ibihumye). Kugenda gahoro, by’umwihariko bigira akamaro iyo usabwa gutanga umusaruro ukoresheje bike ufite cyangwa igihe ingaruka z’amakosa no guhubuka zishobora kuba nyinshi. Igihe witondeye uburyo ugomba gukoramo akazi no gusohoza inshingano mbere yo gutangira, birashoboka kwirinda amakosa aremereye no kuzarira kuko ari byo bidindiza kujya mbere.
Dore uko ikigo ‘The World Institute of Slowness’ kibisobanura:
Kudahutirako mu gushora no gukoresha igihe: Fata umwanya urebe uburyo ukoresha igihe cyawe witonze ubundi ufate ibyemezo bidahutiyeko bijyanye n’uburyo ugikoresha. Witakaza umwanya ku bikorwa bihabanye n’intego zawe cyangwa ibyihutirwa. Ahubwo, ibande ku bikorwa bizagira ingaruka nziza ku buzima bwawe cyangwa akazi.

Kora urutonde rw’ibikorwa ubigire iby’ibanze: Iyo ukoze urutonde rw’ibikorwa ukeneye kurangiza no kubigira iby’ibanze, ubasha kwibanda ku bikorwa by’ingirakamaro mbere y’ibindi no kwirinda guta umwanya ku bikorwa bidakomeye.

Shyira ibikorwa mu byiciro bito: Iyo ushyize ibikorwa mu byiciro bito ushobora gucunga, bigufasha gutera imbere mu buryo buboneye bikanakurinda kurengwa n’imirimo.

Koresha ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bitangiza igihe: Hari ibikoresho byinshi n’ubuhanga bifasha kutangiza igihe kandi ukarushaho gukora neza, gutegura ibikorwa byawe n’imishinga, gushyiraho igihe ntarengwa, gukurikirana iterambere ryawe, no gukumira imbuga za murandasi na porogaramu zikurangaza ubundi ukibanda ku kazi kawe.

Fata uturuhuko hagati mu kazi kandi ucunge ibipimo by’ingufu zawe: Ni ngombwa kuruhuka hagati mu kazi no gucunga ibipimo by’ingufu ukoresha kugira ngo ukomeze ukore udahuzagurika ari nako wirinda kugwa agacuho. Kuruhuka bigufasha kugarura intege no kugaruka mu kazi amaso yaruhutse no mu mutwe hameze neza.

Ruhuka utekereze: Rimwe mu cyumweru cyangwa mu kwezi, fata akanya utekereze ku byo wakoze n’ibyo ushaka gukora ubutaha. Gutekereza ku kazi kawe bishobora kugufasha kumenya aho ushobora gukora neza kurushaho cyangwa gutanga umusaruro no kugira ibyo uhindura aho bibaye ngombwa. Bishobora no kugufasha kurusha kumva neza icyo gukora ukabona ishusho yabyo mu buryo bwagutse.

Irinde ibirangaza: Gerageza gukuraho ibirangaza byose bishoboka kugira ngo ubashe kwibanda ku mirimo ushinzwe. Ushobora kuzimya ibimenyesha (notifications) byose, gukorera ahantu hatuje, cyangwa kumenyesha abandi ko utaboneka.

Rengera igihe cyawe: Itoze kuvuga oya rimwe na rimwe. Ni ingenzi kumenya guhitamo imirimo n’imishinga ugomba gukora, kuko gushaka gukorera ibintu byinshi icyarimwe bishobora kuganisha ku kugwa agacuho no gutanga umusaruro mucye. Witinya guhakanira no gusubiza inyuma imirimo ihabanye n’intego zawe cyangwa udafitiye umwanya cyangwa ibikoresho.

Muri rusange, igitekerezo cyo “kwihuta gahoro” kiratwibutsa ko tugomba gushingira ibikorwa n’imishinga ku mikorere idahuzagurika kandi yizweho kuruta guhutirako umuntu atabanje kubitekerezaho neza. Ibi ni byo bishobora gufasha kwihuta kurushaho no gutanga umusaruro mwiza mu gihe kirekire. None rero, ubutaha niwumva ibintu bikurenze, ihute gahoro.

Aloys Bigirumwami wabaye Musenyeri wa Mbere mu bihugu byakolonijwe n’Ababiligi (Rwanda, Burundi na Congo Mbiligi – Congo Belge), yavutse ku itariki 22 Ukuboza 1904, ahabwa ubupadiri mu 1929, aba Musenyeri kuva mu 1959 - 1973, yitaba Imana mu 1986.

Amavu n’amavuko

Aloys Bigirumwami yavukiye i Zaza ahahoze ari muri Perefegitura ya Kibungo (22 Ukuboza 1904). Akomoka mu muryango w’Abagesera b’Abazirankende bayoboye i Gisaka, igihugu cyabayeho ahagana mu 1850 nyuma kikaza kwigarurirwa n’u Rwanda. Ise, Joseph Rukamba, yari umwe mu Bakirisitu ba mbere ba Misiyoni Gatolika yashinzwe i Zaza mu 1900.

Bigirumwami wari imfura mu bana 12 (abahungu batandatu n’abakobwa batandatu), yabatijwe kuri Noheli tariki 25 Ukuboza 1904. Agize imyaka 10, yinjiye mu Iseminari Nto ya Saint (Mutagatifu) Léon i Kabgayi, arangije ajya mu Iseminari Nkuru ya Kabgayi mu 1921 yari iyobowe na Musenyeri John Joseph Hirth, washinze Kiliziya mu Rwanda. Bigirumwami yahawe ubupadiri ku itariki 29 Gicurasi 1929.

Imirimo yakoze
Bigirumwami yigishije mu Iseminari Nto ya Saint (Mutagatifu) Léon i Kabgayi mu 1929, nyuma aza gushingwa za paruwase zitandukanye zirimo iya Kabgayi (1930), Murunda (1930), iya Kigali (1931) ya Sainte Famille (Umuryango Mutagatifi), iya Rulindo (1932) n’iya Muramba (1933).

Mu 1947, Bigirumwami yabaye umupadiri wa mbere w’Umunyarwanda washyizwe mu nama y’Abepisikopi, mu 1951 ashingwa Diyosezi ya Nyundo.

Tariki 14 Gashyantare 1952, Umushumba wa Kiliziya Gatolika Papa Piyo XII yamugize umuyobozi wa Vikariyati nshya ya Nyundo, naho kuwa 1 Kanama 1952 ahabwa Ubwepisikopi mu birori byabereye i Kabgayi ku munsi mukuru wa Pentekositi. Ibirori byitabiriwe n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, abayobozi barimo n’aba kiliziya n’abakirisitu beshi bari baturutse imihanda yose.
Musenyeri Bigirumwami ntiyemeraga ko mu Rwanda hari amacakubiri hagati y’Abakirisitu n’abo Abapadiri bera bitaga abapagani (abari bataremera Kirisitu), ndetse akizera ko kuyoboka idini Gatolika byagombaga kugerwaho binyuze mu gushyiraho umubare munini w’abapadiri mu karere yari ashinzwe.

Bigirumwami yagize uruhare runini mu iyubakwa ry’amashuri n’amavuriro, no gufasha abakobwa guhabwa uburezi. Yimitswe nka Musenyeri wa Diyosezi nshya ya Nyundo tariki 10 Ugushyingo 1959. Nyundo yari ikubiyemo perefegitura za Gisenyi, Kibuye n’igice cya Ruhengeri ahabarirwaga Abakirisitu basaga 54,000 ku baturage 375,000.

Bigirumwami yabaye Musenyeri wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo kugeza ku isabukuru ye y’imyaka 69 tariki 17 Ukuboza 1973. Yitabye Imana ku itariki 03 Kamena 1986 mu bitaro bya Ruhengeri azize indwara y’umutima ku myaka 81 ashyingurwa kuri Katederari ya Nyundo.
Ibikorwa

Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kurwanya ibyo abapadiri bera bitaga imigenzo ya gipagani ariko mu by’ukuri ikaba yari ishingiye ku muco gakondo utaremeraga imyemerere mishya yazanywe n’abakoloni. Ariko buhoro, Bigirumwami yaje kugenda abona ko muri iyo migenzo gakondo harimo indangagaciro zikomeye, yiyemeza gusaba kiliziya ko itazasenya umuco gakondo ahubwo yareba uko iwukoresha nk’umuyoboro wo gutambutsa ubutumwa bwayo.

Mu Kuboza 1954, Bigirumwami yatangije akanyamakuru k’urubyiruko kakunzwe cyane kitwaga Hobe kari kanditse mu Kinyarwanda. Byari mu rwego rwo gusubiza agaciro umuco Nyarwanda mu gihe cyarangwaga no gufata umuco gakondo nk’usuzuguritse imbere y’imitekerereze y’Abanyaburayi.

Bigirumwami yanditse ibitabo byinshi ku muco Nyarwanda, yashyigikiraga byimazeyo ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda no kunenga abandikaga inkuru zuzuyemo ibikabyo ku bijyanye n’amatandukaniro ari hagati y’abadasa.

Mu bitabo icumi (10) bizwi yanditse, harimo icyo mu 1979 gifite amapaji 87: Imana y’abantu, abantu b’Imana, Imana mu bantu abantu mu Mana.

Indirimbo y’imfura za Chorale de Kigali (1966 - 1987) yitwa ‘Mushumba Ushagawe’, imwe mu zikundwa cyane muri Kiliziya Gatolika, yahimbiwe Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami ku isabukuru ye y’imyaka 75 y’amavuko, imyaka 50 y’ubusaseridoti na 25 y’ubwepiskopi mu birori byabereye ku Nyundo mu 1979.

Polisi ya Zambia yavuze ko yataye muri yombi Jasten Mabulesse Candunde na Leonard Phiri mu murwa mukuru Lusaka.

Mu itangazo yasohoye kuwa Gatanu, polisi yavuze ko abo bapfumu ngo bari bahawe akazi ko gukoresha inzaratsi bagahinjarika Perezida Hakainde Hichilema. Abantu benshi muri Zimbabwe bemera kandi bagatinya ubushobozi bw’abapfumu.

Polisi ya Zambia yavuze ko Candunde na Phiri bari bahawe akazi n’uwitwa Nelson Banda, akaba murumuna w’umudepite witwa Emmanuel uzwi ku izina rya "Jay Jay" Banda uheruka gutabwa muri yombi mu gihugu cy’igituranyi cya Zimbabwe ashinjwa ubujura, ariko arabihakana.

Emmanuel Banda aranashinjwa ko yatorotse gereza muri Kanama mu gihe yari ategereje kugezwa mu rukiko. Leta ya Zambia yashyizeho igihembo cya $72,000 ku muntu uzafasha kumuta muri yombi.

Ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi muri Zambia, Patriotic Front (PF) riyobowe na Edgar Lungu wigeze kuyobora igihugu, riheruka kuvuga ko ibyaha Emmanuel Jay Jay Banda bifite impamvu za politike.

Reiner Haseloff, uyobora leta ya Saxony-Anhalt, yabwiye abanyamakuru bari aho byabereye ko ukekwa ari umunya Arabia Saudit w’imyaka 50 wageze mu Budage mu 2006 aho yakoraga nk’umuganda w’umwuga.

Reiner yavuze ko iperereza ribanza ryerekanye ko uwo mugabo ibyo yakoze yari wenyine kandi ngo hashobora kuza kuboneka abandi bantu bapfuye kubera umubare mwinshi w’abakomeretse cyane.

Abahitanywe n’icyo cyorezo kikiri amayobera, babanje kugira ibimenyetso by’ibicurane biherekejwe n’umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, guhumeka nabi no kubura amaraso.

Benshi mu bafashwe ibipimo bagaragaje ko babanje kurwara malariya iterwa n’umubu wa anoferi, ikaba imaze kuba icyorezo mu karere gasanzwe kibasirwa n’ibibazo by’imirire mibi, bigatiza umurindi icyo kibazo.

Hagati aho ariko nubwo malariya ari yo irimo gushyirwa mu majwi, impuguke mu buzima ziravuga ko hashobora kuba hari n’ibindi birimo guteza icyo cyorezo, kikirimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi amanywa n’ijoro.

Impungenge kuri iyo ndwara zikomeje kwiyongera nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo ukuze, wabanje kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’umuriro ukabije uherekejwe no kuva amaraso.

Dr Ngashi Ngongo wo mu kigo gishinzwe gukumira indwara z’ibyorezo ku mugabane, Africa CDC, yabwiye itangazamakuru ku wa Kane, ko ibyo ari byo byatumye batekereza ko icyo cyorezo gishobora kuba gifitanye isano na malariya, kuko barimo kugisanga mu bantu bayirwaye.

Ibipimo byafashwe ku murwayi wapfuye, byoherejwe ku bitaro bya Leta mu murwa mukuru Kinshasa kugira ngo bisuzumwe, ibizamini bikazashyirwa ahagaragara mu cyumweru gitaha.

Africa CDC, Ishami rya UN rishinzwe ubuzima (WHO) n’ibindi bigo bifite ubuzima mu nshingano, byongereye imbaraga mu bushakashatsi kuri icyo cyorezo cyanafashwe nk’ikiza.

Mu mashyamba no muri za parike z’ibihugu hirya no hino ku isi, habamo urunyuranyurane rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye birimo inyamanswa z’inkazi ziteye nk’injangwe ariko zo zikaba ndende na ngari mu mubyimba. Ni zo bita mu ndimi z’amahanga ‘the big cats’ cyangwa ‘des gros chats’ ni ukuvuga injangwe nini.

Muri izo nyamanswa, hari iziboneka mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe izindi zikaba umwihariko ku bindi bitewe n’imiterere y’ubutaka, amashyamba n’ikirere.

Duhereye ku ziboneka mu Rwanda n’ahandi henshi ku isi, hari intare (lion) n’Ingwe (Leopard), mu gihe urusamagwe (tiger) n’urutarangwe (cheetah) zo zitaba mu Rwanda n’ubwo tuzifitiye amazina. Hari n’izindi zitaba mu Rwanda tudafitiye amazina ari zo jaguar, cougar, panther na puma.

Aho zitandukaniye

Usibye intare n’urusamagwe byihariye mu miterere, mu isura no ku mabara, hari izindi zo mu muryango umwe w’injangwe nini (big cats) abantu bakunze kwitiranya kubera ko zifite amabara ajya gusa. Izo ni ingwe (leopard), jaguar (tudafitiye izina) n’urutarangwe (cheetah).

Ingwe ni ngufi mu gihagararo, ikagira ibara ry’umuhondo ujya kweruruka, urimo ibidomo by’umukara bimeze nk’indabyo. Urutarangwe rwo ni rurerure, rukagira umubyimba urambutse cyane, ibara ry’umuhondo uvanze n’ubwoya bw’umweru n’ibidomo by’umukara.

Izo abantu bashobora kwitiranya hafi 100%, ni ingwe n’iyitwa jaguar (itaba mu Rwanda) kubera ko zisa ku mabara no mu isura, zigatandukanira mu bunini no mu miterere y’imisaya. Utazi gushishoza neza wakwibaza impamvu abazihaye amazina bazitandukanyije.

Izindi ziteye kimwe ni panther, cougar na puma (zitaba mu Rwanda). Usibye amabara, ahandi hose ubona zimeze kimwe, puma na cougar zikajya no gusa ku mabara. Icyo zihuriyeho zose ni umubyimba uteye neza neza nk’uw’injangwe.

Minisitiri wa Niiger ushinzwe itumanaho Raliou Sidi Mohamed yatangaje ko iki cyemezo cyhise gishyirwa mu bikorwa nta kuzuyaza.

Gahunda za BBC, zirimo izo mu rurimi rw’igi Hausa, ruvugwa ku bwiganze muri Niger, ndetse n’izo mu Gifaransach, zatangazwaga mu gihugu hose zinyuze ku maradiyo y’abafatanyabikorwa ba BBC, zikagera ku bantu miliyoni 2.4 muri uyu mwaka ni ukuvuga 17% by’abaturage bakuze.

Hagati aho ariko, nubwo gahunda za radiyo ya BBC zahagaritswe muri Niger, urubuga rwayo rwo kuri murandasi (website) ruracyakora kandi na radiyo ishobora kumvikana ku murugo mugufi wa SW.

Mikheil Kavelashvili wigeze gukinira ikipe ya ruhago ya Manchester City ni we watorewe kuyobora igihugu cya Georgia. Biteganyijwe ko aza kurahira kuri uyu wa Gatandatu imbere y’inteko ishinga amategeko yacitsemo ibice, nyuma y’imyigaragambyo imaze iminsi 16 iyogoza igihugu ikorwa n’abari ku ruhande rw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi.

Mikheil Kavelashvili w’imyaka 53, yahoze ari umudepite wo mu ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, Georgian Dream Party akaba yari umukandida umwe rukumbi ku mwanya wa perezida.

Amashyaka ane y’ingenzi atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi yamaganye itorwa rye, ndetse yiyemeza kubangamira inteko ishinga amategeko yamutoye, kubera ko ngo amatora y’abadepite yo mu Kwakira yabayemo uburiganya bityo bakaba badashobora kwemera umukuru w’igihugu watowe nayo.

Hagati aho, Perezida wa Georgia Salome Zourabichvili ucyuye igihe ndetse akaba yari ashyigikiwe n’umugabane w’uburayi, yanenze gutorwa kwa mukeba we Kavelashvili avuga ko ari amatora y’urwenya kuko ngo yatowe n’inteko ishinga amategeko irimo amacakubiri..

Salome Zourabichvili wari umaze imyaka itandatu atowe n’abaturage ku bwiganze, ntiyemera amategeko arimo kugenderwaho muri Georgia kuko we asanga umukuru w’igihugu agomba gutorwa n’abaturage.

Béatrice Munyenyezi ashinjwa ibyaha bya Jenoside, akaba umukazana wa Pauline Nyiramasuhuko na we wakatiwe igifungo cya burundu

Ku cyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu gusambanya ku gahato nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu cyahamijwe Béatrice Munyenyezi, Me Bruce Bikotwa yavuze ko urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso simusiga bimuhamya icyaha.

Mu buhamya bwashingiweho, harimo ubw’uwitwa Munyaneza Jean Damascene uzwi nka Sadam. Me Bruce Bikotwa avuga ko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zaranzwe no kutavugisha ukuri ndetse ngo n’abatangabuhamya bashinja Munyenyezi baravuguruzanya hagati yabo.

Urugero nko kuri uwo mutangabuhamya, Me Bikotwa avuga ko atavugishije ukuri ku birebana n’uwo yavuze ko yari umubikira wishwe nyuma yo gusambanywa.

Munyaneza yavuze ko kugira ngo umubikira bigere aho asambanywa akanicwa, byahereye kuri bariyeri yo ku Mukoni i Huye maze Sadam ubwe amusaba indangamuntu, Munyaneza ahita abwira Munyenyezi ko uwo mubikira ari Umututsi maze indangamuntu ye ayiha Munyenyezi.

Icyo gihe ngo nyirabukwe wa Munyenyezi witwa Nyiramasuhuko Pauline, yaraje amujyana mu modoka kuri hoteli Ihuriro yari iya Nyiramasuhuko.

Me Bikotwa ati “Icyo tunenga ni uko Sadam atabashije kumenya amazina y’uwo mubikira kandi yarafashe indangamuntu ye akarebaho ndetse ntiyabashije no kumenya umuryango yakomokagamo kuko n’urukiko ntacyo rwabivuzeho.”

Me Bikotwa yakomeje avuga ko urukiko ntacyo rwavuze ku byo bireguye, akaba asanga ari inenge ikomeye kuko urukiko ruba rugomba gusobanura impamvu z’impande zombi.

Me Gashema Félécien nawe wunganira Munyenyezi yavuze ko habayeho no kwivuguruza ku bijyanye n’isambanywa n’iyicwa ry’uwo mu bikira, aho we avuga ko batanemera ko uwo mubikira yabayeho.

Me Gashema kandi yavuze ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwandikiye umukobwa uwo mutangabuhamya avuga ko ari mu basambanyijwe, ariko ngo yanga kuza gutanga ubuhamya avuga ko ataza muri urwo rubanza.

Me Gashema akavuga ko abo bakobwa bavuye i Gisagara baje i Huye kuri hoteli Ihuriro baza bahungiye kwa Arsene Shalom Ntahobari (umugabo wa Béatrice Munyenyezi) hanyuma ngo bahakurwa n’abasirikare b’Inkotanyi. Gashema agasobanura ko ibyo ngo ari byo byatumye badatanga ubuhamya kuko ngo bazi neza ko bagiriwe neza ari yo mpamvu banze kuza gushinja Munyenyezi.

Me Bikotwa yavuze ko nta mutangabumya uri mu bashinja Béatrice Munyenyezi umuzi kuko ngo ntawe uvuga ko yamubonye atwite kandi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na mbere yaho yari atwite.

Béatrice Munyenyezi uregwa ibyaha bya Jenoside, ni umukazana wa Pauline Nyiramasuhuko akaba yarakatiwe igifungo cya burundu nyuma yo koherezwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2021 ngo aburanishirizwe mu Rwanda.

Iyo miti, izwi nka Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), ikoze mu buryo ifasha umubiri gukumira ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. By’umwihariko, ikoreshwa nk’imiti isanzweho igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ariko noneho igafatwa n’abantu badafite ubwandu kugira ngo ibagabanyirize ibyago byo kwandura iyo virusi.

Uwo muti Guverinoma iteganya gukwirakwiza mu gihugu hose, ni umuti umara igihe kirekire ukora akazi mu mubiri wo mu bwoko bwa CAB-LA, uterwa mu mikaya ugafasha umubiri kwirinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Inshinge ebyiri za mbere zifatwa mu byumweru bine bitandukanye, zigakurikirwa n’urushinge rumwe buri mezi abiri.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye yagiranye n’ikinyamakuru The New Times, Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe gukumira virusi itera SIDA muri RBC, Dr Basile Ikuzo, yavuze ko ibigo nderabuzima n’ibitaro byose byo mu gihugu bitanga serivisi zo gukumira virusi itera SIDA ku buntu, hakaba n’ibigo nderabuzima bimwe na bimwe byigenga bitanga iyo serivisi ku buntu.

Dr Ikuzo yasobanuye ko uwo muti uzabanza gutangwa mu igerageza ku bigo nderabuzima bibiri, mbere yo gukwirakwizwa mu gihugu hose.

Mu gihe Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yitegura kuwukwirakwiza hose, dore ibintu by’ingenzi byo kumenya kuri uwo muti n’uburyo bizakorwa.

1. Wemewe na OMS/WHO mu 2022

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS/WHO ryasohoye amabwiriza y’ikoreshwa ry’umuti wa CAB-LA mu 2022 mu gukumira ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. WHO kandi yashishikarije ibihugu kutirengagiza aya mahirwe yagenewe abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura SIDA.

Ayo mabwiriza agamije gushyigikira ibihugu biteganya gutanga umuti wa CAB-LA mu rwego rwo kurushaho gukumira virusi itera SIDA no koroshya ubushakashatsi bukenewe gukorwa byihutirwa.

Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe kurwanya SIDA muri WHO, Dr Meg Doherty, yavuze ko umuti wa CAB-LA ari uburyo bwizewe kandi bwitezweho gutanga umusaruro mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA, ariko ukaba utaratangira kugeragezwa hanze y’ubushakashatsi.

2. Gukemura ikibazo cyo kutitabira imiti inyuzwa mu kanwa

Dr Basile Ikuzo wa RBC ati “twasanze hari ibibazo byo kutitabira imiti inyuzwa mu kanwa, tukaba twizeye ko umuti uterwa mu rushinge ushobora kuba igisubizo, turateganya gutangira igerageza mu bigo nderabuzima bibiri kugira ngo tugenzure uko abantu bazawitabira bityo tumenye niba dushobora kuwukoresha nk’igisubizo gishya. Nitubona ubwitabire buri hejuru, tuzawugeza mu gihugu hose.”

Umuti wa CAB-LA, ufatwa ari umwe rimwe mu mezi abiri, bitandukanye no gufata ibinini bya buri munsi ahubwo umuntu agaterwa urushinge rumwe mu mezi abiri.

3. Kwibanda ku bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura nk’abicuruza

Imiti yongerera umubiri ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA, irareba cyane cyane ibyiciro by’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura nk’uko byemezwa na Dr Ikuzo, kandi ngo izatangira kugezwa mu gihugu hose mu Kuboza 2024 cyangwa muri Mutarama 2025.

RBC ivuga ko imiti ya mbere yamaze kugezwa mu gihugu, amatsinda y’abahuguriwe gutera inshinge na yo ariteguye. Abantu bazajya batererwa urushinge ku bigo nderabuzima bajye basubirayo nyuma y’amezi abiri kwiteza urundi.

Ibinini bigabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA bimaze imyaka myinshi bikoreshwa mu Rwanda, ahabarirwa byibuze 30% by’abantu bari mu byiciro bifite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara bari ku miti. Mu gihugu hose hari abantu 10,000 bafata ibyo binini.

Nk’uko byemezwa na Dr Ikuzo ukuriye ishami rishinzwe kurwanya SIDA muri RBC, gutanga ibyo binini byatumye habaho kugabanuka k’ubwandu bushya bwa virusi itera SIDA mu byiciro by’abafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Urugero, nko mu bakora akazi ko kwigurisha, umubare w’ubwandu wavuye kuri 45% mu myaka hafi 10 ishize, ubu ukaba uri kuri 35%.

Ku isi hose ubwandu bushya bwa virusi itera SIDA bwari kuri miliyoni 1.3 mu 2023.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu Rwanda ku baturage bushingiye ku bwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (RPHIA) mu 2019, bwerekanye ko ubwandu bw’iyo virusi mu Banyarwanda bafite kuva ku myaka 15-64 buri kuri 3%.

Abazi Gen Muhoozi bavuga ko yakuze atinya Imana nk’Umukirisitu

Amavu n’amavuko

Mu 1979, Muhoozi n’ababyeyi be bavuye mu buhungiro muri Tanzania basubira muri Uganda nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa Idi Amin Dada, ariko hashize umwaka umwe gusa yongeye kwisanga mu buhungiro muri Kenya ari kumwe na nyina na bashiki be batatu nyuma y’amatora yo mu 1980.

Ni amatora ataravuzweho rumwe n’abaturage ndetse akurikirwa n’ubushyamirane bwatumye hatangira intambara bise iyo gutsimbarara (resistance war), yari iyobowe na se mu nyeshyamba za National Resistance Army (NRA).

Mu 1982, Muhoozi, bashiki be na nyina bavuye muri Kenya berekeza muri Sweden bahunze iterabwoba bari batangiye gushyirwaho n’ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihugu. Mu ntangiriro za 1986, bagarutse muri Uganda nyuma y’intsinzi y’abari inyeshyamba za NRA.

Uburezi

Muhoozi Kainerugaba yize amashuri abanza ku ishuri rya Kampala Parents School. Ayisumbuye ayiga kuri King’s College Buddo, akomereza ku ishuri rikuru ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Mariya (Mary’s College) rya Kisubi, aho yarangirije mu 1994 akajya muri Kaminuza Nottingham University mu Bwongereza ahavana impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya kabiri y’Ubumenyi mu bya Politiki (BA in Political Science).

Akazi ka Gisirikare

Muhoozi Kainerugaba yinjiye muri UPDF mu 1999 afite ipeti ryo mu rwego rwa kadete (officer cadet). Yize no mu ishuri rya gisirikare ryo mu Bwongereza (Royal Military Academy Sandhurst), ritanga imyitozo ku basirikare bakuru mu Mujyi wa Camberley. Sandhurst, ni rimwe mu mashuri makuru ya gisirikare yihagazeho kandi ahenze ku Isi, bamwe mu bayobozi baryizemo barimo: Sir Winston Churchill w’Ubwongereza, Umwami Abdallah bin Hussein wa Jordan na Lt Gen Sir Seretse Khama wabaye Perezida wa Botswana.

Ibigwi bya gisirikare

Nk’umusirikare mukuru mu Ngabo z’igihugu, Muhoozi yahawe inshingano zitandukanye ku rwego rwo hejuru zirimo kuyobora umutwe w’abasirikare kabuhariwe mu kurwana (Special Forces Commander). Yanayoboye ibitero byo gutsimbura umwanzi no kubohora ingwate mu bihe bitandukanye.

Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba afite ibigwi bihambaye mu gisirikare

Mu 2004, yayoboye ndetse agira n’uruhare mu gikorwa cyo kubohora abantu bari bafashwe bugwate n’inyeshyaba barimo abakozi batatu bo mu biro bya Minisitiri w’amazi, ubutaka n’ibidukikije, Miria Mutagamba.

Mu 2007, yayoboye urugamba rwatsimbuye abarwanyi b’Abayisilamu bo mu nyeshyamba zitwa Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) mu gace ka Bundibugyo, iyo mirwano yaguyemo abarwanyi 80 ku ruhande rw’umwanzi n’umuyobozi wungirije wa ADF.

Mu 2008, Muhoozi yoherejwe nk’umuyobozi w’Ingabo wungirije mu gitero bise ‘Operation Lightening Thunder’ muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo.

Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba asobanurira Museveni mu gihe cy’imyitozo y’abasirikare

Igisirikare cya UPDF cyavuze ko icyo gitero cyageze ku ntego yacyo, yo guca intege abarwanyi b’inyeshyamba za Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) mu gace ka Garamba, kari mu mashyamba y’inzitane ya RDC, umuyobozi wazo Joseph Kony agahungira muri Repubulika ya Centre Afrique.

Imiterere

Abantu babana na Muhoozi umunsi ku munsi bavuga ko ari umuntu urangwa no gutegana amatwi ubushishozi, uzi gukemura ibibazo, ucisha macye kandi akamenya gusabana n’abantu b’ingeri zose ari abasirikare, abanyapolitiki, abacuruzi, agakunda no gusoma cyane cyane ibitabo bivuga ku gisirikare no kuri politiki. Nawe ubwe yanditse igitabo yise ‘Battles of the Ugandan Resistance: A Tradition of Manoeuver’.

Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba akunda gushyigikira siporo zitandukanye, akaba nawe ubwe yarakinnye Basketball n’imikino njyarugamba

Akunda siporo zitandukanye akanashyigikira amakipe atandukanye arimo ikipe y’Igihugu y’umupira w’amaguru, Uganda Cranes. Mu bwana bwe, Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba yakinnye Basketball mu ishuri rya St Mary’s College Kisubi, yiga n’imikino njyarugamba (martial arts).

Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba akunda gutembera no guhura n’abantu bafite ibitekerezo by’ingirakamaro baturutse mu mico n’ahantu hatandukanye, abamuzi neza bakemeza ko yakuze arangwa no gutinya Imana nk’umuntu w’Umukirisitu kuva yakwiyemeza kuba ‘umukizwa’ akiri mu mashuri yisumbuye.

Amakuru Kigali Today yamenye aravuga ko hari umubyeyi witwa Niyonsaba Agnes utuye mu Murenge wa Nkotsi, Akagari ka Bikara, Umudugudu wa Kinkware, uhangayikishijwe n’umutekano we nyuma y’imyaka itatu amaze atotezwa n’abaturanyi batera amabuye iwe, bakanamubwira n’amagambo yuzuye ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Umubyeyi uvuga ko atotezwa atuye mu Murenge wa Nkotsi, Akagali ka Bikara mu Karere ka Musanze

Uyu mubyeyi avuga ko kuva mu 2021 abaturanyi be bamutoteza bamubwira ko kuba ari Umututsi ngo ntacyo bivuze, bakanarenzaho amagambo amusesereza.

Niyonsaba ati “Ihohoterwa natangiye kurikorerwa guhera mu 2021, bantera mu rugo n’ibishanguruzo, imihoro n’amabuye ari itsinda ry’abantu bake, bisa nk’aho byasembuwe n’inkoko twari dufite zasimbukaga urugo zikadutoroka zikajya kubonera, ubundi bakaza bantuka ngo nkawe w’Umututsi uba uvuga iki? Icyakuzanye hano uzakibona, bagakomeza ngo ubundi iyo wirebye ubona uri Umututsi nk’abandi cyangwa uri Umutwa, ngo wakabaye Umututsi wakabaye mu nzu y’amakaro nk’abandi bose kuko Abatutsi barafashwa, biba birebire ariko ndaceceka.”

Iki kibazo cyamenyekaniye mu nteko idasanzwe y’abaturage yabaye ku wa Kabiri tariki 26 Ugushyingo 2024, yitabirwa n’inzego z’ubuyobozi ku rwego rw’Intara, Akarere n’abashinzwe umutekano, basaba ko ikibazo cye gikurikiranwa.

Niyonsaba Agnes avuga ko mbere yabanje kwibwira ko ari urwango rusanzwe, ariko amaze kumva ko harimo ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ikabije nibwo yagiye kwishinganisha, ariko ikibazo cye ngo yaje kubona basa nk’aho batagihaye uburemere arituriza.

Kigali Today ifite n’andi makuru avuga ko abatoteza uwo mubyeyi baje gutabwa muri yombi barafungwa, ariko nyuma baza kurekurwa hanyuma abagore babo bakajya bamwishima hejuru bamubwira ko yikojeje ubusa.

Twahamagaye kuri telefone Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Bikara, Nshimiyimana Régis, ariko ntiyaboneka, hanyuma duhamagara uwo yasimbuye ari we Mukezabatware JMV wimuriwe mu Kagari ka Gashinga atwemerera ko icyo kibazo bakimenye banagishyikiriza inzego zo hejuru harimo n’iz’umutekano.

Mukezabatware yagize ati “Akarere karabizi, kuko umuyobozi w’Akarere n’izindi nzego z’umutekano zaraje mu nteko idasanzwe ku wa Kabiri mu gitondo baganira n’abaturage, kandi n’inzego z’Umurenge n’Akagari n’Umudugudu na bo barimo kubikurikirana mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ikigamijwe ni uko umuturage ahabwa umutekano akabaho atishisha, noneho n’ababifitemo uruhare bagakurikiranwa. Akarere kabirimo n’Intara irabizi n’inzego z’umutekano yewe n’iza politiki.”

Ikigaragara kugeza ubu ni uko ikibazo cyageze mu nzego zo hejuru cyari kimaze kugera ku rwego ruteye inkeke, kuko uwo mubyeyi ushyirwaho iterabwoba (Niyonsaba Agnes) avuga ko nyuma yo kurekurwa kw’abo bamutoteza, baje kumusaba imbabazi babishyira no mu nyandiko barayimuha arayibika, ariko nanone ngo hari igihe bongeye kumutangira ari ku manywa mu gihe cyo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nabwo baramutuka bamubwira ko icyamuzanye azakibona.

Ibi bimenyekanye nyuma y’iminsi 10 gusa Minisitiri w’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu, Dr Jean Damascene Bizimana, avuze ko abantu batanu (5) barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ari bo bamaze kwicwa mu mezi atatu gusa.

Ageza ijambo ku nteko rusange ya Unity Club ya 17 ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2024, Minisitiri Bizimana yavuze ko mu bakora ubwo bwicanyi, harimo abagize uruhare muri Jenoside barangije ibihano cyangwa abo mu miryango yabo.

Bizimana yagize ati “N’ejobundi hari umukecuru biciye Rukumberi bamukata umutwe bamuhamba mu ngarani iwe. Mu kwa munani twagize izindi ngero eshatu, aho abacitse ku icumu babiri (2) biciwe mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, undi mu Karere ka Karongi ndetse na Ruhango.”

Minisitiri Bizimana yongeyeho ko ibyo bigaragaza ko hakiri ibisigisigi by’irondabwoko n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bikwiye kurandurwa burundu.

Iyi nkuru yakozwe ku bufatanye na Servilien Mutuyimana

Inkuru bijyanye:

Mfite ubwoba, umutekano wanjye ni muke - Uwarokotse Jenoside

Icyamamare muri Formula 1, Hamilton Lewis afite inzozi zo kuzitabira amarushanwa ya Grand Prix i Kigali

Mu butumwa Umuvugizi wa guverinoma y’u Rwanda, Yolande Makolo, yanditse kuri X, yavuze ko Inteko Rusange ya FIA, amarushanwa no gutanga ibihembo bizabera mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ndetse icyamamare mu mukino wa wo gusiganwa mu modoka uzwi nka Formula 1, Lewis Hamilton, nawe ubwe aherutse gushyigikira ko ayo marushanwa abera mu Rwanda, aho nawe ngo yifuza kuza kuyitabira.

Muri ubwo butumwa bw’umuvugizi wa guverinoma y’u Rwanda kuri X, Lewis Hamilton aragira ati "Maze igihe mvuga kuri Africa kandi dufite u Rwanda ku ikarita nk’Igihugu gishoboye, ni ibintu byiza, nkaba rero nizeye ko biziye igihe nyacyo, mbere y’uko ngenda. Ni zo nzozi zanjye nyamukuru, kwitabira amasiganwa mu Rwanda mbere y’uko nsezera.”

U Rwanda rukomeje kugaragaza ubushake bwo kuzakira Grand Prix

Ku itariki 8 Ukuboza 2023, ni bwo mu Mujyi wa Baku muri Azerbaijan hemerejwe ko Kigali ari yo izakira Inteko Rusange ya FIA mu Kuboza 2024, ndetse hakanabera amasiganwa n’ibirori byo gutanga ibihembo.

Icyumweru cy’Inteko Rusange ya FIA, iyobowe na Perezida wayo, ni igikorwa gikomeye mu ngengabihe y’iyo federasiyo. Icyo cyumweru gikorwamo inama hagati y’imiryango igize FIA zigamije kwemereza hamwe imishinga yo guteza imbere umukino wo gusiganwa mu modoka.

Formula 1 irifuza kwagurira uyu mukino no ku mugabane wa Afurika

Sir Lewis Carl Davidson, ni Umwongereza w’icyamamare mu mukino wo gusiganwa mu modoka, kuri ubu akaba akinira sosiyete ya Mercedes mu mukino wa Formula 1.

Hamilton yegukanye ibihembo bya Formula 1 birindwi by’amarushanwa y’abashoferi bo ku rwego rw’Isi, afatanyije n’undi mukinnyi witwa Michael Schumacher, ariko Hamilton ni we ufite ibigwi byinshi muri izo ntsinzi.

Donald Trump yemeje ko agomba kumvisha Canada, Mexico n’u Bushinwa binyuze mu kuzamura imisoro akimara kurahira ku wa 20 Mutarama 2025

Donald Trump uheruka gutorerwa kuyobora USA yavuze ko akimara kurahira ku wa 20 Mutarama 2025 azashyira umukono ku iteka rishyira 20% by’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byose biva muri Mexico na Canada.

Trump kandi yavuze ko azashyira ku Bushinwa undi musoro wa 10% kugeza igihe Guverinoma y’icyo gihugu izemerera gukumira umuti wa fentanyl ukoreshwa mu kugabanya ububabare winjira muri USA ku buryo butemewe.

Ababikurikiranira hafi baremeza ko Trump naramuka ashyize mu bikorwa ibyo bikangisho, bizatuma ibibazo byiyongera hagati ya Amerika n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo batatu b’ingenzi mu bucuruzi.

Mu butumwa yanditse ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwe, Trump yavuze ko imisoro kuri Mexico na Canada izagumaho kugeza igihe ibihugu byombi bikoze ibishoboka byose bigakumira ibiyobyabwenge by’umwihariko umuti wa fentanyl, n’abimukira bambuka umupaka ku buryo butemewe.

Muri ubwo butumwa bwe, Trump yagize ati "Igihe kirageze ngo bishyure igiciro gihambaye!"

Mu bundi butumwa, Trump yikomye Beijing kuba abayobozi b’u Bushinwa batarashyize mu bikorwa ibyo bari biyemeje byo gushyiraho igihano cy’urupfu ku bantu bafatirwa mu bucuruzi bwa fentanyl.

Donald Trump yiyemeje kuzamura imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva muri Canada, Mexico n’u Bushinwa

Umuvugizi wa Ambasade y’u Bushinwa muri Washington yabwiye BBC ko kumva ko u Bushinwa bureka abo bantu bakinjiza fentanyl muri USA ku bushake ari ukwirengagiza nkana ibiriho n’ukuri.

U Bushinwa kandi ngo bwizera nta gushidikanya ko ubufatanye bwa USA-China mu bukungu n’ubucuruzi bikorwa ku nyungu z’impande zombi, kandi ngo nta ruhande na rumwe ruzigera rutsinda intambara y’ubucuruzi cyangwa iy’imisoro.

Ubuyobozi bwa Biden bumaze iminsi busaba u Bushinwa guhagarika ikorwa ry’ibirungo bishyirwa mu miti ya fentanyl Washington ivuga ko yishe Abanyamerika hafi 75,000 mu mwaka ushize.

Perezida Kagame yagize ati “Abibwira ko ari ibitangaza kubera ko bogezwa n’amahanga bakumva ko bashobora gukomeza kubangamira u Rwanda babeshya ko barwanira demukarasi, cyangwa barwanira ibyo ntazi…bakirengagiza aho twabakuye…abo ni nka ya masaha y’umwuka bashyira ku nkuta. Iyo yashizemo umwuka bagira batya bakawongeramo kugira ngo yongere akore. Turaza kuwongeramo.”

Nubwo Umukuru w’Igihugu yirinze kuvuga amazina, ubutumwa bwe bwaganishaga kuri Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, ukomeje kurangwa n’imvugo isenya, n’ibikorwa bigamije kubangamira ubumwe bw’Igihugu.

Ingabire Victoire ubwo yari asohotse mu Igororero rya Nyarugenge i Mageragere tariki 15 Nzeri 2018, nyuma yo guhabwa imbabazi n’Umukuru w’Igihugu

Nubwo yahawe imbabazi mu 2018 nyuma yo guhamwa n’icyaha cyo guhakana Jenoside n’ibyaha bifitanye isano na yo, Ingabire yongeye gutesha agaciro amahirwe ya kabiri yahawe, yemera guhinduka igikoresho cy’inyungu z’amahanga ahora arekereje guhungabanya u Rwanda.

Guhindura uburinganire intwaro y’amacakubiri

U Rwanda rwabereye amahanga icyitegererezo cy’uburinganire, aho abagore bafite imyanya 60% mu nteko ishinga amategeko. Nyamara, Ingabire, we ntiyemera iyo ntambwe ahubwo akavuga ko abagore ari ‘imitako’. Kuvuga ko abagore nta ruhare rufatika bafite mu buyobozi, ntabwo ari igitutsi ku bagore bari mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko gusa. Ni igitutsi no ku Banyarwanda batagira ingano bitanze batizigamye kugira ngo Igihugu kigere kuri iyi ntambwe.

Amagambo ya Ingabire ni kirimbuzi, ahanini bishingiye ku kuba abiba amacakubiri mu muryango ukirimo kwiyomora ibikomere bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Mu guhakana ko abagore bahagarariwe mu nzego akabyita umutako, ni ugutesha agaciro politike ziha ubushobozi abagore bwo kubaka u Rwanda rw’ejo. Amagambo ye ntabwo anenga gusa, ahubwo arasebanya, akabangamira iterambere ry’u Rwanda kandi akabikora yogezwa n’abanyamahanga banenga u Rwanda bagamije kurukoma mu nkokora.

Guhakana Jenoside: Inzitizi nyamukuru ku bwiyunge

Urubuga nyamukuru Ingabire akoresha ni uburyo atsimbarara mu kugoreka amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Mu biganiro mbwirwaruhame no mu itangazamakuru, yumvikanye kenshi avuga ko inzibutso za Jenoside zibanda gusa ku Batutsi bishwe, zikirengagiza ko n’Abahutu bishwe. Uru rugero rupfuye nta kindi rugamije usibye kugoreka ibyaranze amateka no kubangamira inzira y’ubwiyunge u Rwanda rumazemo imyaka mirongo.

Ubuyobozi bwa Perezida Kagame bwashyize imbere gushimangira ubumwe mu Banyarwanda binyuze mu kwakira ukuri gusharira kwa Jenoside bashikamye. Mu buryo buhabanye cyane, ibitekerezo n’amagambo bya Ingabire bitoneka ibikomere, bigatiza umurindi inkuru zihakana umugambi wa Jenoside n’urwego yakozwemo. Imvugo nk’iyo ntabwo yerekana kwirengagiza gusa, ni kirimbuzi kandi ibangamiye umubano u Rwanda rwameneye amaraso ngo wongere ubeho.

Imbabazi zarengerewe

Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko ubwisanzure Ingabire afite ubu butaturutse ku kuba ari umwere, ahubwo ni imbabazi yahawe n’Umukuru w’Igihugu mu 2018 nyuma y’imyaka umunani yamaze mu buroko kubera ibyaha byo gushishikariza abaturage kwigomeka no guhakana Jenoside, yararekuwe hirengagijwe ibyaha bye. Imbabazi yahawe zaje zikurikira urwandiko yanditse n’intoki azisaba, ibintu bidasanzwe kuri Guverinoma ubundi ikunze kunengwa kugira igitsure mu kubahiriza itegeko.

Aho gukoresha imbabazi n’ubwisanzure yahawe mu kubaka u Rwanda rw’ejo, Ingabire yarushijeho gusizora, ibikorwa bye bigamije amacakubiri abikuba kabiri, abishyigikiwemo n’udutsiko tw’Abanyaburayi bamuhinduye nk’umunyapolitike uhorwa ibitekerezo bye bagamije inyungu zabo. Uku kurengera imbabazi yahawe ntabwo ari ugusebya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yonyine, ahubwo ni no gusebya umuturage wese uharanira ubumwe n’ubwuyunge.

Gukongeza umutekano muke

Ikigaragara ni uko urubuga rwa Ingabire nta mbaraga rwagira adatewe inkunga n’imiryango na za Guverinoma mpuzamahanga. Izo nzego, zakunze kurangwa no kunenga ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda rwa nyuma ya Jenoside, zongerera ijwi rye imbaraga zirengagije ingaruka imvugo ye iteza imbere mu gihugu. Ukubogama kuranga umuryango mpuzamahanga mu bufasha bwawo kwerekana uburumirahabiri buteye inkeke: guharanira “uburenganzira bwa muntu” banaha ubushobozi abantu babangamira inkingi y’ubumwe bw’u Rwanda.

Ijambo rya Perezida Kagame ryakomoje mu buryo buziguye kuri ubu buryarya. Mu gihe amahanga avuga ko ashishikajwe no gushyigikira ubwiyunge n’iterambere mu Rwanda, inkunga batera abantu nka Ingabire yerekana icyo bagamije mu by’ukuri: Guhungabanya u Rwanda bagamije inyungu za politike mu bihugu. Amagambo ya Perezida Kagame yibutsa ko ubusugire n’ubumwe by’u Rwanda ntawe rubisaba, n’iyo habaho gushyirwaho igitutu n’imbaraga ziturutse hanze.

Igiciro cya Politiki z’amacakubiri

Amagambo n’ibikorwa bya Ingabire bigira ingaruka. Inkuru ze zenyegeza inzika, amacakubiri, kandi zigatiza umurindi ba bandi batigeze na rimwe bishimira intambwe nziza u Rwanda rwateye nyuma ya Jenoside. Mu gihe Igihugu gikomeje kwisana, politiki ze zitanya abantu zishobora gukoma mu nkokora inkingi y’ubumwe yatumye u Rwanda ruba intangarugero ku rwego rw’Isi.

Ubutumwa bwa Perezida Kagame, nubwo butahutiyeho, bwarumvikanye: Abantu nka Ingabire bagomba kureka ibikorwa byabo byo kwigomeka. Iterambere ry’u Rwanda ryubakiye ku mahame yo gusohoza inshingano, ubumwe, no kwihangana. Nta mwanya w’izo mungu zikoresha ibikomere by’amateka ku bw’inyungu bwite cyangwa iza politiki.

Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza ni uwo kwitonderwa. Nubwo yigaragaza nk’umuvugizi wa demukarasi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ibikorwa bye bibangamira ubwo bumwe n’iterambere avuga ko aharanira. Amagambo ya Perezida Kagame aributsa mu gihe gikwiye, ko ubusugire bw’u Rwanda n’imbaraga zashyizwe mu bwiyunge bitazigera na rimwe bitambamirwa ku bw’inyungu z’amahanga cyangwa iz’umuntu runaka.

Urugendo u Rwanda rurimo nyuma ya Jenoside ruracyari rurerure, ariko ni urugendo ruyobowe no kwiyemeza kutajegajega kw’abaturage barwo n’ubuyobozi. Muri uru rugendo, nta mwanya urimo wahariwe abantu nka Ingabire basaritswe n’amacakubiri, barangwa n’imvugo ishyize imbere gusenya iterambere ryatwaye imyaka mirongo. U Rwanda rw’ejo ni urw’abubaka, si urw’abasenya.

Impuguke za IGAD zaburiye ibihugu byinshi byo mu Ihembe rya Afurika ko bizagwamo imvura nyinshi idasanzwe

Muri raporo ICPAC yashyize ahagaragara kuwa Kabiri 19 Ugushyingo, yavuze ko hitezwe imvura nyinshi irenze isanzwe mu bice byinshi bya Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, amajyaruguru y’u Burundi, amajyaruguru no hagati bya Tanzania, amajyepfo n’amajyaruguru bya Somalia, amajyepfo ya Ethiopia n’amajyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bwa Sudani y’Epfo. ICPAC kandi yaburiye abaturage ibasaba kuva mu bice bishobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.

Ibihugu bishobora kuzakubitika cyane ni Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda na Burundi, ahitweze imvura iri ku gipimo cya milimetero 200, nk’uko raporo y’iteganyagihe rya ICPAC ibyerekana, ndetse ngo ibipimo by’ubushyuhe nabyo bishobora kurenga ibisanzwe mu bice byinshi by’Akarere Kagutse k’Ihembe rya Afurika.

Ishami rya LONI rishinzwe Ibiribwa n’Ubuhinzi FAO na IGAD, muri raporo biheruka gusohora byerekanye ko Ihembe rya Afurika rituwe n’abantu miliyoni 67 bugarijwe n’ibura ry’ibiribwa.

Ibi bigo byombi byavuze ko ibibazo by’uruhurirane biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bituma habaho ibura ry’ibiribwa muri aka Karere, gakunze kwibasirwa n’amapfa, imyuzure, amakimbirane, ubukungu bujegajega n’abaturage bahora bava mu byabo.

Ihembe rya Afurika rigizwe n’igice kinini cy’Umwigimbakirwa uzwi nka Somali Peninsula uri mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika kikaba kigize na Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, na Eritrea.

Kizza Besigye amaze gutsindwa amatora ya perezida muri Uganda inshuro enye

Mu butumwa yanditse kuri X, Winnie Byanyima yavuze ko umugabo we yabanje gutabwa muri yombi i Nairobi mu murwa mukuru wa Kenya kuwa Gatandatu ushize, ubwo yari ari mu gikorwa cyo kumurika igitabo.

Byanyima yanditse agira ati "Ubu noneho mfite amakuru yizewe avuga ko ari muri gereza ya gisirikare muri Kampala, kandi ndasaba ko guverinoma ya Uganda imurekura.”

Umuvugizi w’ingabo za Uganda Felix Kulayigye yabwiye ikigo cy’itangazamakuru cya Uganda Radio Network ko Besigye ashobora kuza gushyikirizwa urukiko, ariko ntiyigeze yerura ngo avuge niba afunzwe n’igisirikare.

Mu gihe ubuyobozi bwa Uganda ntacyo buratangaza kuri ibi, ikinyamakuru cyo muri Uganda The Daily Monitor cyanditse ko hari abayoboke bakuru b’ishyaka rya Besigye Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), bari bahuriye ku rukiko rwa gisirikare rwa Makindye (Kampala) kuwa Kabiri, bategereje ko ari ho aza kuzanwa.

Winnie Byanyima ni impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa UNAIDS, gahunda ya LONI ishinzwe kurwanya SIDA

Besigye w’imyaka 68, ni umuyobozi w’ishyaka FDC rimaze gutsindwa amatora ya perezida inshuro enye imbere ya Yoweri Museveni uri ku buyobozi kuva mu 1986.

Kizza Besigye wigeze kuba umuganga wihariye wa Museveni mbere y’uko bashwana, amaze gutabwa muri yombi inshuro nyinshi. Hari ubwo yigeze kuraswa mu kiganza, ubundi aterwa ibyuka biryana mu maso yakoresheje mitingi zitari zemewe.

Ubuyobozi bwa Uganda bumushinja ubushotoranyi, akaba ndetse yugarijwe n’ibirego byo kwenyegeza amacakubiri.

Abakuwe mu byabo n’intambara muri Darfur, Sudan barimo guhabwa igaburo rishyushye kabiri ku munsi mu gihe imirwano ikomeje guteza inzara muri ako gace

Umuyobozi w’intumwa za Komite Mpuzamahanga y’Umuryango Utabara Imbabare (ICRC) muri Sudan, Daniel O’Malley, yavuze ko hari impunzi zababwiye ko no kubona igaburo rimwe ku munsi ari nko kubonekerwa, imiryango myinshi ikaba iteze amaramuko ku bikoni bya rusange, nubwo nabyo ngo bidahagije kugira ngo bikemure ikibazo cy’ubuzima bukomeje kuzamba muri kariya gace.

Ibikoni bya rusange ni umuco wa kera na kare muri Sudani, umuntu yagereranya n’ibikoni by’umudugudu byo mu Rwanda, aho abantu bishyira hamwe bagateka, bagasangira. Ni umushinga uterwa inkunga na Komite Mpuzamahanga y’Umuryango Utabara Imbabare (ICRC) ufatanyije n’Umuryango Utabara Imbabare muri Sudani (SRCS).

Malak Abdalla Ali, umwe mu mpunzi zo mu nkambi ya Zamzam wahunze imirwano muri Al- Fasher ari kumwe n’umuryango we, yabwiye intumwa za ICRC ko bari bamaze amezi arindwi batabona ibyo kurya bigaragara.

Inkambi ya Zamzam yubatswe mu 2004, icumbikiye hafi ibihumbi 500 by’abavuye mu byabo, ifatwa nk’ahantu ha nyuma hasigaye hari agahenge mu karere ka Darfur. Ibiribwa nabyo bikomeje kuba ingume mu gihe abava mu byabo biyongera ubutitsa. ICRC iravuga ko hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’amariba y’amazi atarimo gukora, imiti nayo irimo gukendera.

Ukuriye intumwa za ICRC muri Sudan, Daniel O’Malley, yavuze ko ubuzima bwahagaze imbere no mu nkengero za Al-Fasher, aho abaturage bakikijwe n’imirwano ku mpande zombi ku buryo ntaho kumenera ngo bakize amagara. O’Malley yasabye impande zishyamiranye gutanga agahenge, kuko gufasha abaturage kugezwaho ubutabazi n’izindi serivisi, ari inshingano z’impande ziba zishyamiranye.

Urukiko rwategetse ko abakekwaho kwica Olga Kayirangwa barekurwa

Umuvugizi w’Inkiko mu Rwanda Harrison Mutabazi, mu butumwa bwanditse yabwiye Kigali Today ko iki cyemezo cyafashwe hakurikijwe icyifuzo cy’ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko barekurwa kubera ko nta bimenyetso bihagije bituma bakomeza gufungwa.

Mutabazi yagize ati “Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze icyifuzo cy’uko barekurwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 91 y’imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, hanyuma urukiko rwakira icyo cyemezo rurabarekura”

Abo basore, ni Fred Nasagambe, nyiri icumbi bivugwa ko Kayirangwa w’imyaka 25 ariho yaguye, na mugenzi we Gideon Gatare nawe wari kwa Nasagambe igihe ibyo byabaga. Batawe muri yombi mu Kwakira aho bari barasabiwe n’urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro gufungwa iminsi 30 y’agateganyo.

Kayirangwa yapfuye mu buryo bw’amayobera kuwa 26 Nzeri nyuma yo gusura Nasagambe aho atuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali ahagana saa mbili z’ijoro.

Mu ntangiriro z’urubanza, abashinjacyaha bavuze ko yapfiriye kwa Nasagambe, ariko abaregwa bisobanura bavuga ko yapfiriye ku bitaro bya DMC Hospital aho bari bamujyanye ngo yitabweho nyuma yo kumererwa nabi.

Nasagambe yabwiye urukiko ko ubwo yabasuraga, Kayirangwa ngo yagiye mu bwiherero ariko babona atinzemo, ni ko kujya kureba icyo yabaye basanga yituye hasi atarimo guhumeka neza.

Nasagambe yakomeje avuga ko yahise agira ubwoba ahamagara umukozi wo muri farumasi w’inshuti ye ngo amufashe kumuzanzamura.

Kuwa Mbere tarki 18 Ugushyingo, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rwanze ubujurire bwabo batanze bagaragaza ingingo nyinshi zirimo kuba umucamanza w’urukiko rw’ibanze wakemuye urubanza rwa mbere ashobora kuba yarasobanuye nabi raporo ya muganga ku rupfu rwa Kayirangwa.

Mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’ubujurire, abakekwa bombi bari babwiye urukiko ko nta kimenyetso cyagaragajwe muri raporo y’iperereza cyerekanaga ko Kayirangwa yari yakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina mbere y’urupfu rwe.

Hagati aho ariko, urukiko rwisumbuye rwari rwafashe icyemezo cyo gukomeza kubafunga, ruvuga ko raporo y’iperereza atari yo yonyine igomba gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso muri urwo rubanza kuko hari ibindi bimenyetso byo kwitabwaho, birimo ubuhamya bw’umukozi wo mu rugo kwa Nasagambe wari wavuze ko yabonye Kayirangwa ari ku buriri ameze nk’uwapfuye.

Umuvugizi w’Inkiko mu Rwanda Harrison Mutabazi yabwiye Kigali Today ko abashinjacyaha basabye ko abakekwa bombi barekurwa kuri uyu wa Kabiri 19 Ugushyingo, urukiko narwo ruhita rubishyira mu bikorwa.

Ingingo ya 91 y’imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iragira iti “Iyo ubushinjacyaha busanze nta mpamvu yo gukurikirana ukekwaho icyaha afunzwe by’agateganyo, bugomba gusaba ko arekurwa. Umucamanza usuzuma icyifuzo cyo kurekura ukekwaho icyaha agomba gufata icyemezo mu masaha 24 urukiko rwamaze gufata icyemezo.”

Erixon Kabera, Umunyarwanda w’imyaka 43 ufite ubwenegihugu bwa Canada, yishwe arashwe n’umupolisi mu mujyi wa Toronto muri Canada ku itariki 9 Ugushyingo.

Nyakwigendera yishwe arashwe n’umupolisi wo mu mujyi wa Hamilton, amusanze aho atuye ku muhanda Main Street West.

Ishami ridasanzwe rishinzwe ubugenzacyaha (SIU), ririmo gukora iperereza ku iyicwa rya Kabera, amakuru ryatanze mbere ryavugaga ko habayeho kurasana ku mpande zombi bibereye muri etage ya gatanu y’inyubako y’amacumbi iri ku muhanda 1964 Main St. W., mu gace ka Ainslie Wood West.

Nyuma ariko, SIU yaje gutanga ibindi bisobanuro ivuga ko Kabera Erixon, umubyeyi w’abana batatu b’abahungu, nta mbunda yari afite. Ahubwo ngo abapolisi babiri ni bo barashe umuntu wari ugerageje kubarwanya baje kureba umuntu wari wabatabaje kuri telefone avuga ko hari umuntu ufite imbunda uri imbere y’umuryango we.

Umuryango n’inshuti za Kabera baramwunamiye mu ijoro ryo kuwa Kane 14, Ugushyingo, aho bitegura kumuherekeza no kumushyingura kuri uyu wa Gatandatu mu mujyi wa Hamilton.

Mu butumwa yanditse kuri X, Arielle Kayabaga, umunyapolitiki w’Umunyakanadakazi ufite inkomoko mu Rwanda, yavuze ko urupfu rwa Kabera rwamushenguye umutima.

Kayabaga yagize ati “Naherukaga guhura na Erixon Kabera mu myaka ibiri ishize. Navuganye n’abo mu muryango we, bafite intimba ibaremereye cyane kandi bizeye ko bazahabwa ibisonaburo bifatika ku iyicwa rye.”

OMS ivuga ko diyabete ari indwara yica bucece, kandi nyamara hari uburyo bwo kuyirinda uhereye ku bibazo 10 by’ingenzi abantu bakunze kwibaza kuri iyi ndwara.

1. Hari ubwoko bungahe bwa Diyabete?

Hari ubwoko butatu bwa diyabete: Ubwoko bwa 1, Ubwoko bwa 2 na diyabete ifata ababyeyi (Gestational diabetes).

Diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 1 iterwa n’ikibazo cy’urwagashya rutabasha gukora umusemburo wa insulin cyangwa rugakora nke. Icyo gihe uyirwaye asabwa guhora yitera insulin akoresheje urushinge, ikaba ari indwara ikunze kwibasira abakiri bato kuko hari n’abayikomora mu miryango.

Diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 2, yo ahanini iterwa n’uko umuntu abayeho, ibyo arya n’ibyo anywa kandi ikarangwa no kugenda izamuka uko umuntu agenda akura. Ni yo ikunze kwibasira abantu cyane kandi ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu guhindura imibereho.

Diyabete ifata ababyeyi ifata umuntu mu gihe umubyeyi atwite kubera impinduka ziza mu bivumbikisho by’umubiri (hormones) kandi ikaba yakongerera umubyeyi ibyago byo kwandura diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 2.

Kumenya ubwoko bwa diyabete umuntu afite ni ingenzi cyane kuko buri bwoko bwitabwaho mu buryo butandukanye.

2. Ni iki gitera Diyabete?

Imibereho n’umuryango ni byo bintu by’ingenzi. Ibyo umuntu abana nabyo bimukikije n’ibyo akomora ku babyeyi ni byo ahanini bituma habaho icyo bita ukwirwanya k’umubiri (autoimmune). Ni ibintu bibaho igihe umubiri utakibashije gutandukanya uturemangingo tw’umwimerere n’uduturutse hanze, ugatangira kurwanya uturemangingo twawo bwite ari nabyo bitera diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 1.

Ariko kandi mu Bwoko bwa 2 ho haziramo uruhurirane rw’amahitamo y’uburyo umuntu abaho urugero nk’imirire n’imyitozo ngororamubiri n’ibyo akomora ku babyeyi. Amateka y’umuryango yongera ibyago, ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko umuntu atabyirinda. Aha igitera ku tiheba ni uko, ku Bwoko bwa 2, guhitamo kubaho neza, urugero nko kugenzura imirire no gukora imyitozo y’umubiri, bishobora kurinda umuntu.

3. Wamenya ute ko ufite Diyabete?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso birimo kugira inyota bya hato na hayo, kwihagarika buri kanya, umunaniro udashira, kureba ibicyezicyezi cyangwa gutakaza ibiro mu buryo butunguranye, ihutire kujya kwa muganga kuko iyo diyabete ifatiranywe hakiri kare ntabwo izahaza umuntu.

4. Ese Diyabete ishobora gukira?

Nubwo kugeza ubu nta muti wa diyabete uraboneka, uyirwaye ashobora kubana nayo itamuzahaje, upfa kuba ufite ibyangombwa bigufasha guhora ugenzura igipimo cy’isukari iri mu maraso no guhindura imirire. Abashakashatsi bakomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kureba ko haboneka umuti, by’umwihariko uwa diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 1 ariko kuri ubu icyibanzweho cyane ni ukureba uko umuntu yabana n’ubwo burwayi atazahaye.

5. Nagenzura nte isukari yo maraso yanjye?

Guhozaho no kuringaniza ni byo rufunguzo rwo kugenzura isukari yo mu maraso. Ibya mbere by’ibanze umuntu asabwa ni ugukoresha umubiri, gufata indyo iboneye kandi yuzuye, no guhora ugenzura ibipimo byawe. Ushobora no kugabanya ibinyobwa biryohereye cyangwa ugasimbuza umugati w’ifarini uw’ingano. Gukomeza kugenzura ibipimo byawe bishobora kugufasha kubona ko ibyo wahinduye mu buzima bigenda bitanga umusaruro.

6. Ni irihe funguro nafata igihe mfite diyabete?

Ibanga riri mu biribwa bidatuma isukari yo mu maraso izamuka. Ugomba kwibanda ku mboga, ibinyampeke bitaciye mu ruganda, n’ibyubaka umubiri birimo isukari nke. Gufata indyo iboneye irimo ibyubaka umubiri, ibitera imbaraga n’ibiwurinda indwara ni ingenzi cyane. Gufata ifunguro rito kenshi ku munsi nabyo bishobora gufasha mu kuringaniza isukari yo mu maraso. Gusa ukibuka ko buri muntu ateye ukwe, bityo rero guhitamo ibikubereye ni ingenzi cyane, ariko na none igihe wumva utiyizeye; inama ya mbere ni ukureba impuguke mu mirire ikakugira inama.

7. Ese umuntu ufite diyabete yakora siporo?

Cyane rwose nta gushidikanya. Siporo ifasha umubiri gukoresha neza umusemburo wa insulin kandi ikaringaniza ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso ari yo mpamvu siporo ari ikintu cy’ibanze mu byo ugomba gukora. Gutangira gahoro gahoro ni byo byiza waba unyonga igare, woga cyangwa ugenda n’amaguru. By’umwihariko niba uri ku nshinge za insulin, ni byiza kureba ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso mbere na nyuma yo gukora siporo kugira ngo umenye niba utekanye.

8. Ni izihe ngaruka diyabete igira ku buzima bwo mu mutwe?

Guhangayika cyangwa gucika intege ni rusange kandi kubana na diyabete bishobora kubuza umuntu amahwemo. Guhitamo uburyo bwo kubaho bukubereye no kuganira n’abantu mu matsinda, yaba ari ayo gushyigikirana, inshuti zisanzwe cyangwa n’abantu bo mu muryango bishobora gufasha cyane.

9. Ni ibihe bibazo nyamukuru biterwa na diyabete?

Diyabete ishobora gutera indwara y’umutima, impyiko, kwangirika k’udutsi duto no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona neza igihe idafatiranywe. Kwisuzumisha kenshi no kugenzura ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso bishobora gukumira ibyo bibazo. Byose bisaba guhora uri maso. Kwisuzumisha impyiko, umutima n’amaso bigufasha kumenya niba ufite ibyo bibazo bityo ukabasha kubicunga mu buryo bworoshye.

10. Ese diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 2 yakwirindwa?

Yego, kandi mu buryo butandukanye. Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuyirwara ufata indyo iboneye, ukora siporo kenshi kandi ukirinda kugira ibiro birenze urugero. Byose biterwa n’ibyemezo bito bito ugenda ufata buri munsi, urugero nko kureka ibinyobwa birimo isukari ukinywera amazi, cyangwa kuzamuka n’amaguru mu nyubako y’umuturirwa aho gukoresha elevator/ascenseur.

Kubasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gufata imyanzuro mbere y’uko diyabete itangira gukura, ni byo bituma umuco wo kwisuzumisha kenshi ari ingenzi cyane. Kugenzura diyabete bisaba guhozaho. Gufata ibyemezo bigufasha kugenda urushaho kubaho neza ni byo by’ingirakamaro kurusha kwivuza.

Ku bw’ibyo rero, tuzirikane ko intambwe yose ari ingirakamaro kandi ko utagomba kwihererana diyabete wenyine kuri uyu Munsi wa Diyabete ku Isi.

Erixon Kabera w’imyaka 43, yari umubyeyi w’abana batatu b’abahungu, Garry Sean, Terry, na Zack

Mu itangazo basohoye kuwa Mbere yariki 11 Ugushyingo, bavuze ko nyakwigendera yitwa Erixon Kabera, Umunyarwanda ufite ubwenegihugu bwa Canada, umubyeyi w’abana batatu
Itangazo rikomeza rigira riti “Kubura Erixon ni igihombo tutabasha gusobanura mu magambo kuko yari umunyakuri mu byo yakoraga byose, akarangwa n’ubugwaneza tutigeze tubona ahandi, kandi yari inkingi ikomeye ku muryango we no aho yari atuye.

Igitwenge cye cyari nk’icyorezo ku bamuri hafi, agakunda guseka yivuye inyuma; yari umuntu wuzuye ubuzima kandi wari ufite byinshi byo gukora mu buzima.”
Kabera yari inyangamugayo.

Mu kiganiro bagiranye n’ikinyamakuru CP24 cyo muri Canada, umuryango wa Kabera wavuze ko yageze muri Canada mu myaka 20 ishize aho yari amaze kugira umuryango wihagazeho kubera gukorana umurava. Ndetse ngo mu minsi ishize yakoreye Ikigo cya Canada gishinzwe Imisoro n’Amahoro (Canada Revenue Agency).

Kabera bakundaga kwita Gentil, yagiraga uruhare runini mu bikorwa by’Umuryango Nyarwanda w’ababa mu Mahanga ‘Rwandan Community Abroad’ (RCA) mu Ntara ya Toronto, akaba ndetse yari n’umujyanama w’ikigo cy’isanamitima ‘Rwandan Canadian Healing Centre’.

Umuryango ukeneye guhabwa ubutabera

Perezida wa RCA muri Toronto, Alphonse Barikage, yavuze ko Kabera yakoze imirimo itandukanye y’ubuyobozi bw’uwo muryango guhera mu 2018 kugeza mu 2022. Barikage yakomeje avuga ko bashegeshwe n’urupfu rwe kandi ko bigoye kumva ko yambuwe ubuzima mu bushyamirane bivugwa ko yagiranye na polisi hakabaho ko impande zombi zikoresha imbunda.

Barikage yaragize iti “Ibi byaduteye kwibaza ukuri kw’amakuru ya mbere yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi. Ibyo twumvise ni ibintu bihabanye cyane n’imyitwarire ya nyakwigendera warangwaga n’ubunyangamugayo, tukaba dusaba ko hakorwa iperereza rinyuze mu mucyo, uwakosheje akabiryozwa.”

Polisi yo mu mujyi wa Hamilton (HPS) kuwa Gatandatu 09 Ugushyingo ni bwo yashyize ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ibyabaye kuri Kabera.

Mu masaha yo ku mugoroba kuwa Mbere, ushinzwe iby’itumanaho muri HPS, Jackie Penman, yabwiye ikinyamakuru CP24 ko hari umuturage wahamagaye polisi kuwa Gatandatu ayibwira ko hari umugabo uhagaze imbere y’umuryango wabo afite imbunda nto.

Penman yavuze ko icyo kibazo bagishyikirije ishami ridasanzwe rishinzwe ubugenzacyaha ‘Special Investigations Unit’ (SIU), rikora iperereza igihe polisi ivugwa mu bibazo byatumye habaho urupfu, gukomereka bikabije, ihototera rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa / ndetse n’igihe hari umuntu warashwe hakoreshejwe imbunda.

Kuwa Gatandatu nimugoroba, SIU yasohoye itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru rivuga ko ahagana saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba, umuturage uba mu nyubako iri ku muhanda wa 1964 Main St. W. yahamagaye polisi ayibwira ko hari umugabo urimo kwitwara ukuntu guteye ubwoba muri iyo nyubako.

Itangazo rya SIU rikomeza rivuga ko abapolisi ba Hamilton bahise bajya kureba uko bimeze, bageze muri etaje ya gatanu ngo bapfubirana n’umugabo batangira gushyamirana. Nyuma rero ngo haje kubaho kurasana ku mpande zombi birangira hakomeretse umupolisi umwe na wa mugabo nk’uko abashinzwe ubugenzacyaha bwa gisivile babisobanuye.

Ku Cyumweru tariki 10 Ugushyingo, urwego rwa SIU rwatangaje ko wa mugabo yashiriyemo umwuka ku bitaro mu ijoro rishyira kuwa Mbere saa 00:47, nyuma yo kuraswa n’abapolisi babiri.

SIU iremeza ko Kabera atigeze arashisha imbunda

Urwego rudasanzwe rushinzwe ubugenzacyaha (SIU) mu itangazo rwashyize ahagaragara kuwa Mbere, rwaNAvuze ko nyuma y’iperereza, basanze Kabera nta mbunda yigeze arashisha muri ubwo bushyamirane, kandi ngo umupolisi wakomerekeye muri uko gushyamirana yasezerewe mu bitaro.

Umuryango wa nyakwigendera wavuze ko utewe intimba n’urupfu rwe, by’umwihariko bakababazwa n’uburyo polisi isobanuramo uko byagenze mu gihe Umuryango we wemeza ko Kabera yarasiwe mu rugo rwe, aho yari yibereye arimo kuruhuka.

Umuryango ukomeza ugira uti “Twebwe, umuryango we n’inshuti ze za hafi, dusanga ibisobanuro duhabwa biteye urujijo. Erixon ntitwigeze tumubonana imbunda, habe no kuba yarigeze na rimwe yumvikana mu bikorwa byo gushyamirana ibyo ari byo byose.

Yari umuntu w’umunyamahoro warangwaga no guha agaciro umudendezo n’umubano, ku buryo bigoye cyane guhuza ibyabaye n’umuntu twari tuzi neza kandi twakundaga.”
Umuryango wa Erixon Kabera wavuze ko kuba uku kwivuguruza kwarabayeho mu masaha 24 nyuma y’amakuru SIU yari yatanze mbere, ari ibintu by’urukozasoni no kwiheba.

Umuryango wa Kabera ukomeza ugira uti “Mu gihe turi mu kababaro twatewe n’iki gihombo kidafite ishingiro, turasaba ubuyobozi ko habaho umucyo no kuryozwa ibyabaye. Bashobora kwifashisha amashusho yafashwe na kamera yari yambawe n’umupolisi, amashusho ya kamera zo mu nzu, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso byose byaboneka, ariko tukabona amakuru yose arebana n’ubwo bushyamirane bavuga, kugira ngo tumenye ukuri ku byabaye mu minota ya nyuma ya Erixon.”

“Umuryango wacu ugomba guhabwa ibisubizo, kandi turemeza dushikamye ko Erixon nta mbunda yari afite, kandi ko atashoboraga no gukora igikorwa cyakumvikanisha ibyabaye."
Hagati aho hari andi makuru yemeza ko abagenzacyaha ba SIU basanze imbunda y’inyiganano ahabereye ako kaga barayitwara, bajyana n’iz’abo bapolisi babiri kugira ngo zikorweho iperereza.

Mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko abaganga bashyira ahagaragara raporo y’icyateye urupfu rwa Erixon Kabera, urwego rwa SIU rwashyizeho abagenzacyaha batandatu n’abakora iperereza rishingiye ku bimenyetso bya gihanga babiri.

Umuntu wese waba ufite amakuru yisumbuyeho, harimo videwo cyangwa amafoto, arasabwa kubigeza ku bashinzwe iperereza rya SIU banyuze kuri iyi nimero: 1-800-787-8529 cyangwa kuri uru rubuga online.

Donald Trump w’imyaka 78 ni we Perezida wa 47 wa USA

Trump yatorewe bwa mbere kuyobora US mu 2017 atsinze Umudemukarate Hillary Clinton, hanyuma aza gutsindwa n’Umudemukarate Joe Biden mu 2021, ariko uyu nawe yaje gukuramo ake karenge mu matora ya manda ya kabiri (2024), asimburwa na Kamala Harris birangira Trump aciye agahigo ko kongera gusubira muri White House nka Perezida wa 47.
Azarahirira inshingano ze asanzwe afitiye ubunararibonye bw’imyaka ine, ku itariki 20 Mutarama 2025.

Amavuko, amavuko n’amashuri

Donald John Trump yavutse ku itariki 14 Kamena 1946 muri New York City. Ni umwana wa kane ku babyeyi Fred Trump na Mary Anne MacLeod Trump. Amashuri abanza yayize kuri Kew-Forest School kugeza mu mwaka wa karindwi, amakuru ayiga kuri New York Military Academy, ishuri ryigenga ricumbikira abanyeshuri kuva mu wa munani kugeza mu mwaka wa 12, ahava mu 1964 yerekeza kuri kaminuza ya Fordham University.

Amashuri ya kaminuza yayakomereje mu kigo cy’amashuri cya Wharton School kiri muri Kaminuza ya Pennsylvania, ahavana impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya kabiri mu bumenyi mu by’ubukungu (Bachelor of Science in economics) muri Gicurasi 1968.

Udushya twa Trump

Mu 2015, uwunganira Trump mu mategeko (avoka), ngo yashyize iterabwoba ku bayobozi ba kaminuza n’amashuri makuru yizeho, ababwira ko azabajyana mu manza nibaramuka bashyize hanze amanota ye. Ibi byatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru The New York Times muri Kamena 2019, gisubiramo amagambo cyabwiwe na avoca wa Trump, Michael Cohen yemeza ko ibyo yabisabwe na Trump ubwe kugira ngo bitazamwangiriza isura kuko yari atangiye kwinjira muri politike.

Akiri mu mashuri makuru, Trump yasubitse amasomo inshuro enye mu gihe cy’intambara ya Vietnam. Mu 1966, ibizamini byo kwa muganga byagaragaje ko afite ubuzima buzira umuze bumwemerera kujya mu mirimo ya gisirikare, hanyuma muri Nyakanga 1968, abayobozi bemeza ko yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ajye ku rugamba hamwe n’abandi muri Vietnam.

Ntibyateye kabiri ariko; mu Kwakira 1968, Trump yaje gushyirwa mu cyiciro bita 1-Y, ikibazo cy’ubuzima gituma mu materanyirizo y’amagufa hazamo utugufa tworohereye tubabaza mu ngingo, hanyuma mu 1972 ashyirwa mu cyiciro cya 4-F, kitamwemerera kujya mu gisirikare, birangira atinjiye mu gisirikare burundu.

Umuryango

Abana bose Donald Trump yabyaranye na Melania Trump, Ivana Trump na Marla Maples - Uhereye kuri Ivanka na Donald Jr. Barron, Tiffany na Eric

Mu 1977, Trump yashakanye na Vana Zelníčková, umunyamideri ukomoka muri Repubulika ya Czech, babyarana abana batatu: Donald Jr. (1977), Ivanka Trump (1981), na Eric Trump (1984), ariko baje gutandukana mu 1990 nyuma y’uko Vana avumbuye ko Trump yari amuharitse n’umukinnyi wa filimi witwa Marla Maples.

Trump na Maples bashinze urugo mu 1993 ariko nawe batandukanye hashize imyaka itandatu, bafitanye umukobwa umwe witwa Tiffany Trump wavutse mu 1993.

Mu 2005, Trump yashatse umugore wa gatatu nawe w’umunyamideri ukomoka muri Slovenia witwa Melania Knauss bakiri kumwe kugeza ubu. Bafitanye umwana umwe w’umuhungu Barron Trump wavutse mu 2006.

Imibereho

Trump yemeza ko atigeze asoma ku nzoga zisembuye na rimwe kuva yabaho, habe no kunywa itabi cyangwa gukoresha ibindi biyobyabwenge ibyo ari byo byose. Ibi ndetse biri mu bucukumbuzi bwakozwe n’ikinyamakuru The Washington Post ku itariki 05 Gashyantare 2021.

Trump avuga ko ninjoro aryama igihe cy’amasaha ane kugera kuri atanu. Golf ni wo mukino w’ingenzi avuga ko umufasha kugorora umubiri nk’uko, ariko ngo ntabwo ajya azenguruka ikibuga cya Golf nk’uko abandi bakinnyi babigenza mbere yo gukina. Trump avuga ko gukora imyitozo y’umubiri ngo ari ukwinaniza, kuko umubiri awufata nka batiri (battery) ifite ingufu zigomba gukora icyo zagenewe, bityo gukora imyitozo kuri agasanga ari nka byabindi mu Kinyarwanda bavuga ngo ni ukumara amabuye.

Mu 2015, abamamazaga Trump bashyize hanze ibaruwa yanditswe na Harold Bornstein, umuganga wihariye wa Trump w’igihe kirekire wari ushinzwe umubiri we, ibaruwa yavugaga ko Trump aramutse abaye Perezida, ngo yaba ari we muntu ufite ubuzima buzira umuze wa mbere ugiye muri uwo mwanya.

Nyuma ariko (2018), uwo muganga yaje guhishura ko Trump ari we wamutegetse ibyo yandika muri iyo baruwa, ndetse ngo mu 2017 abashinzwe kurinda Trump batatu bagabye igitero mu biro by’uwo muganga bafatira impapuro zose ziriho amakuru arebana n’ubuzima bwa Trump.

Imitungo

Ikinyamakuru Business Daily cyemeza ko Donald Trump atunze akayabo ka miliyari $6.49 (amadolari), ariko mu minshi ishize ngo hagabanutseho miliyoni $45.9 zingana na 1.5% by’umutungo we wose.

Hagati aho ariko ikinyamakuru Bloomberg cyandika amakuru ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amasoko y’imigabane, kivuga ko kuzamuka kw’imari ya Trump mu mwaka kugeza ubu bihagaze neza, kuko biri kuri miliyari $3.4 billion, bihwanye na 110%.

Imitungo nyamukuru ya Donald Trump w’imyaka 78, iri mu kigo cyitwa DJT (Donald John Trump) US Equity. Ubutunzi bwe bushingiye ahanini ku butaka bukoreshwa mu mishinga itandukanye, irimo amacumbi, inganda n’ubucuruzi, kandi n’umutungo kamere uri mu butaka bwe ukabarwa mu mitungo ye bwite.

Donald Trump abarirwa mu baherwe b’ibigugu bafatiye runini urwego rw’ubukungu rwa USA.

Donald Trump yatangaje ko ari we watsinze amatora ya 2024

Nta no kwigora ategereza ko intsinzi ya Donald Trump itangazwa ku mugaragaro, Perezida w’Ubufaransa Emmanuel Macron, ni we wafashe iya mbere kuri uyu wa Gatatu 06 Ugushyingo mu gushimira Donald Trump nyuma y’amatora yamaze kugaragaza muri rusange ko agiye kongera kwisanga muri White House muri Mutarama umwaka utaha.

Nyuma gato y’uko Trump yari amaze gutangaza ko ari intsinzi ya politike y’amateka itarigeze ibaho mu gihugu, ndetse ikaba yanatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru Fox News, Emmanuel Macron yahise yandika kuri X avuga ko yishimiye intsinzi ya Donald Trump. Akomeza avuga ko yiteguye gukorana nawe nk’uko nubundi bakoranye mu myaka ine muri manda ye ya mbere.

Macron yagize ati «Turi kumwe mu byo mwemera. Icyubahiro n’umurava. Ku bw’amahoro aganje n’uburumbuke. »

Undi muyobozi utazuyaje mu kwerekana ibyishimo yatewe n’intsinzi ya Trump ni Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Isiraheli Benyamin Netanyahou. Mu butumwa yoherereje Donald Trump yagize ati « Aya ni amateka akomeye yisubiyemo hamwe n’intsinzi ya Donald Trump. Intsinzi yawe y’amateka iguhesheje gusubira muri White Housea iraha Amerika uburyo bushya bwo kwisuganya no kongera gushimangira umubano uhamye hagati ya Isiraheli na Amerika. Iyi ni intsinzi ya karundura. »

Perezida wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky, nawe yashimiye Donald Trump ku bw’intsinzi ye avuga ko iteye ubwuzu. Yakomeje avuga gutorwa kwa Trump bizafasha ’Ukraine kugera ku mahoro nyayo.

Zelensky yagize ati « Nshimira cyane uburyo Trump ashyira imbere inzira y’amahoro aho gukoresha imbaraga mu gukemura ibibazo by’isi. Iri ni ryo hame nyaryo rishobora gufasha Ukraine kugera ku mahoro nyayo. »

Abandi bayobozi bishimiye intsinzi ya Donald Trump mu gihe itaratangazwa ku mugaragaro,, ni Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza w’ishyaka ry’abakozi, Keir Starmer. Mu itangazo yashyize ahagaragara, Starmer yagize ati « Umubano wihariye hagati y’ibihugu byacu uzakomeza kujya imbere. »

Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubuhinde Narendra Modi nawe abinyujije kuri X, yashyikirije Trump amashimwe ye agira ati « Turishimye cyane tubikuye ku mutima, ku bw’intsinzi y’amatora ya perezida wa Amerika. Nshimishijwe no kongera gusubukura imikoranire yacu kugira ngo dukomeze gushimangira umubano wagutse kandi ufatika hagati y’Ubuhinde na Leta Zunze Ubuzumwe za Amerika. »

Kamala Harris asanzwe ari we Visi Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku buyobozi bwa Joe Biden watsinze Donald Trump mu matora ya 2020, aho manda ye ya mbere izarangira mu 2025 nyuma yo gutsinda Trump wategetse manda imwe (2017-2021).

Abakandida b’ingenzi ni Kamala Harris (Umudemukarate) na Donald Trump (Umurepubulikani)

Usibye ko na Joe Biden w’imyaka 81, byaje kurangira ategetse manda imwe, kuko muri aya matora, yakuyemo ake karenge ahitamo Visi Perezida Kamala ngo azahatane na Trump..

Agashya muri aya matora

Donald Trump aramutse atowe yaba aciye agahigo ko gusubira ku butegetsi nyuma yo kubuvaho atsinzwe mu matora yo mu Kuboza 2020.

Kamala Harris we aramutse atowe, yaba aciye agahigo ko kuba umugore wa mbere utorewe kuyobora igihugu kuva cyakwitwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1789, umwaka bemeje Itegeko Nshinga bakanatora Perezida wa mbere (George Washington) ku itariki 07 Mutarama.

Abakandida muri rusange

Abakandida biyamamariza kuyobora US ntabwo ari Kamala Harris na Donald Trump bonyine, ariko ni bo b’ingenzi cyane nk’ibisanzwe kubera ko baturuka mu mashyaka abiri y’ingenzi mu mateka y’igihugu: Abademukarate n’Abarepubulican.

Abandi bakandida barimo kwigeragereza amahirwe barimo Chase Oliver umukandida wa Libertarian Party, umutegarugori Jill Stein wa Green Party waniyamamaje muri 2012 na 2016 ariko ntabashe kurenga umutaru.

Harimo n’abandi babiri bigenga ari bo Cornel West na Robert F. Kennedy Jr wakuyemo ake karenge ariko atinze, kuko izina rye rikigaragara ku rutonde rw’abakandida muri Leta zimwe na zimwe.

Kamala Harris na Donald Trump bombi biyandikishije muri Leta 50 zose zigize US no mu murwa mukuru Washington D.C. Kugeza ubu, ibipimo by’amajwi by’abashobora gutora bikomeje kwerekana ko bombi begeranye cyane, ariko Leta zirindwi z’ingenzi ni zo zishobora kubakiranura, kuko rimwe ziha amajwi menshi Abademukarate ubundi zikayaha Abarepubulikani.

Izo Leta ni: Pennsylvania, Georgia, North Carolina, Michigan, Arizona, Wisconsin na Nevada.

Kamala na Trump bahagaze bate?

Mu gihe habura amasaha make ngo amatora nyirizina abe, mu kiganiro Trump yagejeje ku bayoboke be ku wa Mbere tariki 04 Ugushyingo, yababwiye ko yizeye intsinzi nta shiti.

Trump ati “Ikigaragara ni uko duhagaze neza, ahasigaye nimuze dusohoke n’iyonka tugende dutore, dutore, dutore kuri uyu wa Kabiri”

Kamala Harris na we icyizere ni cyose kuko asanga igihugu cyose kizi neza ko gikeneye impinduka. Harris ati “Ndabona igihugu kirangamiye gutera umugongo urwango n’amacakubiri no gufata indi nzira ijya imbere. Aho nyura hose, ngenda mbona Abanyamerika bo muri Leta zitwa ko ari iz’Abademukarate no mu zitwa iz’Abarepubulikani, bose biteguye kwandika amateka aganisha ku butabera.”

Uko amatora agenda

Iyo umuturage wa US agiye gutora umukuru w’igihugu asanga ku rupapuro rwabugenewe ruriho amazina y’abakandida bose agahitamo umwe, ariko mu by’ukuri ntabwo aba atoye perezida; ahubwo aba atoye icyo bita itsinda ry’abatora bakuru (College of voters). Iyi ntabwo ari inteko ihoraho cyangwa inteko imwe rukumbi yicara hamwe. Igizwe n’inteko z’abatora bakuru muri Leta zose (50). Umubare wabo ungana n’uw’abagize Inteko ishinga amategeko yo ku rwego rw’igihugu (Congress) harimo n’ab’umurwa mukuru Washington D.C.

Uhereye ibumoso: Jill Stein wa Green Party, Robert F. Kennedy Jr wavuyemo, Cornel West, na Chase Oliver wa Libertarian Party

Kuri ubu, abagize inteko y’abatora bose hamwe ni 538 barimo 335 bo muri Leta zose na batatu bahoraho ba Washington D.C., izindi Leta zigira umubare munini cyangwa umuto bitewe n’uko zituwe.

Iyo abaturage barangije gutora, izo nteko zose ziterana umunsi umwe mu murwa mukuru wa buri Leta na zo zigatora. Biba buri myaka ine mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu yonyine gusa. Muri uyu mwaka zizakorana ku itariki 17 Ukuboza 2024 kugira ngo zemeze umukuru w’igihugu mushya. Kugira ngo bemeze ko yatowe, agomba kugira byibura amajwi 270 kuri 538.

Inteko y’abatora bakuru (College of voters) nirangiza imirimo yayo, izabyoherereza Inteko ishinga amategeko y’igihugu na yo iterane ku itariki 06 Mutarama 2025 itangaza burundu amazina ya Perezida wa Repubulika mushya na Visi Perezida we bazayoborana igihugu mu myaka ine iri imbere.

Inzobere za LONI mu by’umutekano muri RDC ziheruka kwemeza ko umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR wungutse abarwanyi bashya babarirwa muri 600.

Icyemezo cyo kurandura burundu umutwe wa FDLR cyafatiwe mu nama yo ku rwego rw’abaminisitiri yahuje intumwa z’u Rwanda, RDC, na Angola kuwa 30 Nyakanga 2024.

Muri Kanama 2024, Perezida wa Angola, João Lourenço, yashyikirije Perezida Paul Kagame na Félix Tshisekedi umushinga witezweho kugarura amahoro arambye muri RDC, ari na wo ibiganiro bya Luanda bishingiyeho.

Ibiro Ntaramakuru Agência Angola Press (Angop) byanditse iyi nkuru, byavuze ko mu cyumweru gishize inzobere za gisirikare z’ibihugu byombi (Rwanda na RDC), ari bwo zashyize umukono ku nyandiko bise ‘Proposed Concept of Operations’ (CONOPS), igaragaza ibikorwa byifuzwa kugira ngo FDLR isenywe burundu.

Ni inyandiko ikubiyemo ahanini ibikorwa byo gusenya umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR ukorera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.

Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo yongeye gutsimbarara isaba ko u Rwanda rukuraho ubwirinzi no gucyura ingabo zarwo, ishinja ko ziri ku butaka bwayo.

U Rwanda na rwo ntirwahwemye kugaragaza ko nta ngabo zarwo ziri muri Congo aho zishinjwa gufasha abarwanyi ba M23.

Biteganyijwe ko tariki 16 Ugushyingo, abaminisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga bombi bazahurira i Luanda muri Angola bakemeza cyangwa bakanga ibyemezo byafashwe n’inzobere mu butasi bwa gisirikare ku mpande zombi.

Ibizemezwa n’abo baminisitiri ni byo bizashyikirizwa Abakuru b’Ibihugu, bakabishyiraho umukono, bikabona gufatwa nk’amasezerano y’amahoro agomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

Igenzura ry’ayo masezerano rizayoborwa na Angola, ariko ikagomba kuzaba ifite abayifasha ku mpande zombi (Rwanda na RDC)

Ingabo za RDC zishinjwa gutera inkunga umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR

Guverinoma ya RDC yakunze kurangwa no kuvuga indimi ebyiri ku birebana no kurandura umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR urimo inyeshyamba zifasha igisirikare cya leta kurwanya umutwe wa M23 no mu mugambi wo guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda.

FDLR ni umutwe w’inyeshyamba z’Abanyarwanda biganjemo abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, banze gutahuka ngo bataryozwa ibyaha basize bakoze. Leta ya RDC nayo ikaba ishinjwa kubaha intwaro, imyitozo ya gisirikare n’inkunga y’amafaranga.

Quincy Jones yatsindiye Grammy Awards 28

Ushinzwe kumwamamariza, Arnold Robinson, ni we wamubitse avuga ko yashizemo umwuka azize iza bukuru mu ijoro rishyira kuri uyu wa mbere iwe mu rugo mu mujyi wa Bel Air.

Itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango we riragira riti "Iri joro, tubabajwe no kubamenyesha inkuru y’itabaruka ry’umubyeyi n’umuvandimwe wacu Quincy Jones. Kandi nubwo iki ari igihombo gikomeye ku muryango wacu, turizihiza ubuzima n’ibigwi bye kandi tuzi ko nta wundi nkawe tuzongera kubona.”

Quincy Jones yakoranye na Michael Jackson guhera mu 1979

Kmwe mu bikorwa byamenyekanishije Quincy Jones cyane, ni umuzingo (album) witwa Thriller yatunganyirije Michael Jackson mu 1982.

Mu mwuga we yari amazemo imyaka isaga 75, Jones yatsindiye Grammy Awards 28, ndetse ikinyamakuru Time magazine cyamushyize mu ruhando rw’abahanzi b’injyana ya jazz b’ibihangange bo mu kinyejana cya 20.

Quincy Jones ni we watunganyije ndetse anayobora ibikorwa byo gufata amajwi y’indirimbo ‘We Are The World’ mu 1985, indirimbo yakoreshejwe mu gukusanya inkunga yo gufasha umugabane wa Afurika wari wugarijwe n’amapfa n’inzara.

Quincy Jones (mu mupira w’umweru n’umukara) hamwe n’abandi bahanzi mu itegurwa rya We Are The World’ mu 1985

Yanateguye imiziki iherekeza filimi (soundtracks) yakoreshejwe muri filimi zirenga 50 n’ibiganiro bya televiziyo, harimo Heat of the Night, The Color Purple na The Italian Job.

Mu ntangiriro z’umwuga we, Jones yakoranye bya hafi cyane n’umuhanzi Frank Sinatra ndetse avugurura indirimbo ye yakunzwe cyane yitwa Fly Me To The Moon, ayikura ku rwego rwo gukundwa n’abantu bamwe, ayigira mpuzamahanga.

Quincy Jones ni we watumye Michael Jackson aba icyamamare

Quincy Jones na Michael Jackson batangiye gukorana guhera mu 1979, bahereye kuri album yitwa Off the Wall, bakurikizaho Thriller na Bad.

Ishimirwe Cédric amaze imyaka ine n’igice arwaye hydrocephalus

N’ubwo Mukamusoni afite icyizere ko umwana we azakira nk’uko abaganga babimwijeje, kubera ko ubwo burwayi butinda kandi umuryango ukaba utunzwe no guca inshuro, kubona ibitunga urugo no kuvuza umwana umaze imyaka isaga ine arwaye ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye.

Mukamusoni aragira ati “Namubyariye i Kibagabaga marayo ukwezi, banyohereza ku bitaro bya Ruli mu Karere ka Gakenke, bamubaga ikibyimba cyo ku mugongo tumarayo amezi icyenda. Muri ayo mezi icyenda rero, agize amezi ane ni bwo yatangiye kubyimba umutwe, baramubaga bamushyiramo agapira, tugeze mu rugo karaziba umutwe ukomeza kubyimba wikuba kabiri, tumujyana CHK bagakuramo bashyiramo akandi.”

Mukamusoni avuga ko uburwayi bw’umwana we bwamuciye intege cyane kuko nta mwanya wo guca inshuro akibasha kubona ari byo byatumye atangira kujya mu muhanda kureba ko hari uwagira icyo amurusha.

Sylvie Mukamusoni avuga ko ubushobozi bwo kwita ku mwana bwamushizeho

Uyu mubyeyi aza mu mujyi wa Kigali buri munsi aturutse i Jali n’amaguru, ateruye umwana w’imyaka ine n’igice ariko ubona ko nta ntege afite kandi ababara cyane, akamwicarana munsi y’igiti cya avoka giteganye n’amarembo yo kuri La Gallette ku muhanda uva ku isoko rya Nyarugenge werekeza ahategerwa imodoka kuri downtown.

Nubwo ari ubuzima bumugoye nk’umubyeyi ufite abandi bana batatu agomba kwitaho, Mukamusoni akimara kuvana umwana kuri CHK, yaje guhura n’abandi babyeyi barwaje abana muri ubwo buryo bavuwe barakira, bamurangira ku bitaro bya Gikonko mu Karere ka Gisagara, nawe atangira kujyanayo uwe.

Mu ntangiriro yamujyanaga gatatu mu mwaka, buri nshuro akishakamo byibuze 100.000FRW, harimo ay’ifunguro, kwishyura ibitaro, akagira n’icyo asiga mu rugo narwo rusanzwe rutishoboye.

Mukamusoni avuga ko ubuvuzi bahabwa ku bitaro bya Gikonko bwatangiye gutanga umusaruro kuko umutwe w’umwana utakiri munini cyane nka mbere, bityo akaba afite icyizere ko azakira nk’uko yabyijejwe n’abaganga bo kuri ibyo bitaro.

Ikibazo asigaranye nk’uko abivuga, ni ukubona ibitunga abana, n’impamba yo gusubiza umwana kwa muganga iyo igihe kigeze kuko bagomba kumarayo hafi icyumweru. Uwakwifuza kumugoboka, yamusanga kuri iyi nimero: 0782665078 yanditseho mazina ya Sylvie Mukamusoni.

Reba ikiganiro Kigali Today yagiranye na Mukamusoni:

Ubuvuzi bwa Hydrocephalus mu Rwanda

Ibitaro bya Gikonko byatangiye kuvura abarwaye hydrocephalus kuva byashingwa mu 1974 na Kiliziya Gatolika, ibifashijwemo n’ikigo cyo mu Budage kitwa Institute of Saint Boniface.

Umuyobozi w’ibitaro, Dr Uta Elisabeth Düll, avuga ko bibanda ku kurinda abana kuvukana icyo kibazo, kuko kugeza mu 2016 bakiraga abarwayi bari hagati ya 70 na 80 kandi bagomba no gukomeza kuvura kanseri, ibibari byo ku munwa n’ibyo mu nkanka.

Ikibazo cyo kuzana amazi menshi mu mutwe ku mpinja, ni uburwayi budasanzwe bukunze bwibasira uruhinja rumwe muri eshatu ku bana 1000 bavuka. Imibare ihari kugeza ubu yerekana ko mu Rwanda iki kibazo cyari ku ijanisha rya 4% mu 2016.

Umuyobozi w’ibitaro bya Gikonko, Dr Düll, avuga ko uburwayi bwa Hydrocephalus bushobora kwangiza ubuzima burundu, kuko iyo butavuwe hakiri kare bushobora guteza ubumuga bukomeye, umuntu agakura adafite ubushobozi bwo kwiyitaho, gukoresha ingingo, kudakura neza k’umubiri, ingaruka ku buzima bwo mutwe, kubabara cyane igihe yinyeganyeje n’ibindi.

Kuvura Hydrocephalus ntibihenze

Umuyobozi w’ibitaro bya Gikonko Dr Uta Elizabeth Düll, avuga ko ubusanzwe kuvuza umwana ufite amazi mu mutwe bisaba miliyoni 2FRW, ariko ku bakoresha ubwisungane mu kwivuza, batanga hagati ya 2,500 na 5,000FRW bitewe n’igihe bamaze mu bitaro. Kuvura ubwo burwayi bisaba agapira gakamura amazi ari mu mutwe, kagura amadolari 1000 (asaga miliyoni 1FRW).

Dr Uta avuga ko umubiri w’umuntu ubusanzwe ukenera amatembabuzi yo mu mutwe afasha mu gusigasira ubwonko. Ku muntu ukuze udafite ikibazo, umubiri ukora amatembabuzi ari hagati ya mililitiro 150 na 300 ku munsi; agaturuka mu bwonko akanyura mu rutirigongo akabona gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri.

Abagize ikibazo cyo kurwaza hydrocephalus, ni ababa baravukanye ayo mazi ahereye mu rutirigongo, akazamuka akagera mu mutwe ari nako akomeza kwiyongera, ugasanga arangiza amaso y’umwana, umubiri ugacika intege, kandi akababara cyane igihe anyeganyeze.

Ababyeyi batwite bagirwa inama yo kugana muganga kenshi, kugira ngo bakurikiranire hafi ubuzima bw’umwana uri munda kuko ikibazo gishobora kumenyekana ataravuka. Ariko niba umwana atangiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso nyuma yo kuvuka, ababyeyi bagomba kujya kumuvuza byihuse ‘amazi’ atararenga inkombe.

Video: Eric Ruzindana

Charles III mu mwambaro gakondo w’abanya Samoa mbere y’uko inama itangira kuri uyu wa Gatanu 25 Ukwakira

Charles III yavuze ko igishoboka ahubwo, ari uko Abakuru b’Ibihugu bakwigira ku mateka bagashaka uburyo bwo gukoramo ibintu butuma ubuzima bukomeza.

Amakuru yageze kuri BBC kuwa Kane, aravuga ko hari Abakuru b’Ibihugu bifuza gutangiza ibiganiro byo kureba niba Ubwongereza bugomba kwishyura impozamarira ku ruhare bwagize mu icuruzwa ry’abacakara.

Umwami w’Ubwongereza utigeze akomoza ku bucakara mu buryo bweruye, yabivugiye mu ijambo ryo gutangiza ku mugaragaro inama iba buri myaka ibiri, bwa mbere nk’umuyobozi w’umuryango Commonwealth ugizwe n’ibihugu 56.

Charles III yavuze ko nubwo ibihe bisharira byaranze amateka y’ibihugu bitajya biva mu bitekerezo by’abaturage, abanyamuryango ba Commonwealth bagombye kumenyana kandi bakumvikana ku buryo bagomba kwicara bagacocera hamwe ibibazo bibugarije, mu mucyo kandi mu bwubahane.

Umwami Charles III yagize ati "Ku bw’ibyo rero, ni ingenzi cyane ko dusobanukirwa n’amateka yacu kugira ngo tubashe gukora amahitamo aboneye y’ejo hazaza."

Hashize igihe Abakuru b’Ibihugu byo muri Commonwealth basaba ko Ubwongereza busaba imbabazi ku mugaragaro bugatanga n’impozamarira.

Mbere y’uko inama itangira, Ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza (Downing Street) byashimangiye ko ikibazo cy’impozamarira ku bucakara kitazashyirwa ku murongo w’ibyigwa.

Hagati aho ariko, Abakuru b’Ibihugu bya Commonwealth batandukanye, by’umwihariko abo mu bihugu bya Caribbean, bitezweho kuza guhangara Ubwongereza nakabugezaho icyifuzo cyabo ku birebana no guhabwa ubutabera bw’impozamarira.

Umwami Charles aremera ko ibihe by’ubucakara byashegeshe abantu, mu gihe ikibazo cy’impozamarira gikomeje kuvugishe benshi

Gutanga ubutabera bw’impozamarira ku bihugu byajyaniwe abaturage mu bukara, bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwinshi. Hari ugutanga impozamarira z’amafaranga, gusonera imyenda ibihugu, gusaba imbabazi ku mugaragaro, guteza imbere uburezi, kubaka ibigo ndangamurage, gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’ubukungu, n’ubuvuzi bwa rusange.

BBC iravuga ko nubwo Ubwongereza budakozwa ibyo gutanga ubutabera bw’impozamarira, kugeza ubu burimo kureba uko bwakwemera byibuze gushyira ibika bitatu mu myanzuro y’inama bisobanura birambuye icyo Commonwealth ibivugaho.

Liam Payne yitabye Imana ahanutse muri etaje tariki 16 Ukwakira 2024

Ku itariki 16 Ukwakira, ni bwo nyakwigendera Liam Payne, umwe mu bari bagize One Direction yitabye Imana ku myaka 31, ahanutse ku rubaraza rw’icyumba cyo muri hoteli y’umuturirwa yari acumbitsemo muri Argentine.

Abakunzi ba One Direction hirya no hino ku isi bashegeshwe n’urupfu rwe, mu gihe ubutumwa bwo kumwunamira bukomeje koherezwa harimo n’ubwa bagenzi be, ari bo Harry Styles, Zayn Malik, Niall Horan na Louis Tomlinson.

Mu masaha y’ijoro kuri uyu wa Kane, ni bwo Televiziyo yo muri Amerika, ABC, iza gutambutsa ikiganiro kidasanzwe kikanyura no kuri gahunda yitwa Hulu yo kuri murandasi, gifite umutwe ugira uti “Liam Payne’s Final Days” (Iminsi ya nyuma ya Liam Payne).

One Direction yakoranye na Studio ya Simon cowell nyuma yo kuba aba gatatu mu marushanwa ya The X Factor

Icyo kiganiro giherekejwe n’amagambo yo kureshya abarebyi (tagline) agira ati “Drugs, a trashed hotel room, and a deadly fall: How One Direction’s Liam Payne tragically died”. Mu Kinyarwanda ni ukuvuga ngo “Ibiyobyabwenge, icyumba cya hoteli kijagaraye, gupfa uhanutse: Uko umuririmbyi wa One Direction yapfuye mu buryo buteye kwiheba.

Icyo kiganiro giteguwe hashize iminsi umunani gusa Payne apfuye nyuma yo guhanuka muri etage ya gatatu ku rubaraza rwa hoteli yari acumbitsemo i Buenos Aires muri Argentine.

Mu gihe umuryango n’inshuti za nyakwigendera zikiri mu gahinda, ise akiri muri Argentine aho Payne yaguye, abashinzwe iperereza rishingiye ku ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge nabo bakiri mu kazi, icyo kiganiro kidasanzwe kiraza kwerekana abantu ba hafi cyane ya nyakwigendera Payne bavuga ku minsi ye ya nyuma.

Simon Cowell yabaye ahagaritse akazi muri BGT nyuma y’urupfu rwa Liam Payne

Hagati aho umuherwe w’Umwongereza Simon Cowell, utegura amarushanwa ya X Factor yo guteza imbere impano mu kiganiro cyitwa Britain’s Got Talent (BGT), ari nawe wazamuye Liam, biravugwa ko akimara kumva inkuru y’urupfu rwe, ngo yahise ahagarika akazi kubera akababaro, akazasimburwa n’uwitwa Bruno Tonioli nibasubukura amarushanwa kuwa Gatandatu.

Umurwanashyaka wa Frelimo, Daniel Chapo w’imyaka 47 ni we watsinze amatora muri Mozambique

Daniel Chapo, umukandida wa Frelimo utari uzwi cyane, ariko akaba afatwa nk’umuntu ugiye kuzana impinduka mu gihugu, ni we ugiye gusimbura Filipe Nyusi wategetse manda ebyiri.

Ku myaka 47, Chapo, wegukanye amajwi 71%, agiye kuba perezida wa mbere wavutse nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa mu 1975. Uwamuryaga isataburenge, Venancio Mondlane yagizwe amajwi 20%.

Biteganyijwe ko Daniel Chapo azarahira mu kwezi kwa mbere k’umwaka utaha wa 2025, akazasimbura Perezida Filipe Nyusi urangije manda ebyiri z’imyaka itanu buri imwe, akaba ayobora Mozambique kuva tariki 15 Mutarama 2015.

Inama y’Abakuru b’ibihugu bya Commonwealth iri kuwa Gatanu 24 Ukwakira muri Samoa

Ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza, byo birahamya ko icyo kibazo kitari ku murongo w’ibyigwa mu nama ya 56 igiye guhuza ibihugu bya Commonwealth, kuwa Gatanu 25 Ukwikira, ikabera muri Samoa, igihugu cy’ikirwa kiri mu nyanja ya Pacific.

Hagati aho ariko amakuru yageze kuri BBC aravuga ko hari abahagarariye ibihugu byabo bari mu mishyikirano yo kumvikana uburyo hagomba gukorwa ubundi bushakashatsi, bakabona gutangira ibiganiro bifite ishingiro kuri icyo kibazo gishobora gutuma Ubwongereza bwisanga bugomba kwishyura akayabo k’amamiliyari y’ama pounds.

Frederick Mitchell, minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Bahamas, yabwiye BBC ko iyo ikibazo nk’icyo kivuzwe ku mugaragaro, abantu baza baseta ibirenge ariko bikarangira bakiganiriyeho.

Gutanga ubutabera bw’impozamarira ku icuruzwa ry’abacakara bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwinshi, nk’uko BBC ibivuga. Ibihugu byabigizemo uruhare bishobora gutanga impozamarira z’amafaranga, gusonera imyenda ibihugu, gusaba imbabazi ku mugaragaro, guteza imbere uburezi, kubaka ibigo ndangamurage, gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’ubukungu, n’ubuvuzi bwa rusange.

Inyandiko itari iya burundu y’itangazo ry’iyo nama yageze kuri BBC, iragira iti “Abakuru b’Ibihugu, mu gusaba ko habaho ibiganirompaka ku butabera bw’impozamarira ku Banyafurika bajyanywe bunyago mu bucakara […] bemeranyijwe ko igihe kigeze hakabaho ibiganiro bisobanutse, bidaciye iruhande kandi birimo kubahana bigamije kubaka ejo hazaza hashingiye ku buringanire.

BBC iravuga ko Ubwongereza budakozwa iby’ikibazo cy’ubutabera bw’impozamarira, ariko kugeza ubu burimo kureba uko bwakwemera gushyiramo byibuze ibika bitatu byuzuye bisobanura birambuye icyo Commonwealth ibivugaho.

Idris Elba yatangaje impamvu ashaka kwimukira muri Afurika

Idris Elba w’imyaka 52, wamamaye muri film y’uruhererekane ‘The Wire’, yiyemeje kubaka studio mu birwa bya Zanzibar muri Tanzania, akubaka n’indi Accra mu Murwa Mukuru wa Ghana.

Elba wavukiye London, nyina ni uwo muri Ghana ise akaba uwo muri Sierra Leone, ari byo ahanini bimutera kumva yisanga cyane muri Afurika.

Arifuza gukoresha ubushobozi bwe nk’icyamamare muri sinema agateza imbere uwo mwuga ukiri hasi muri Afurika, kuko nk’uko abivuga, Abanyafurika ubwabo ari bo bagomba kubara inkuru zabo.

Idris Elba yakinnye muri Fast & Furious ari hamwe na Jason Statham na Dwayne Douglas Johnson (The Rock)

Idris Elba aganira na BBC mu iserukiramuco rya sinema i Accra, yavuze ko nta hantu hihariye afite muri gahunda agomba gutura byanze bikunze, kuko icyo ashyize imbere ari Ubunyafurika.

Elba yagize ati "Nzaba muri Accra, nzaba muri Freetown [Umurwa mukuru wa Sierra Leone], nzaba muri Zanzibar. Muri make nzagerageza kujya aho abantu babara inkuru zabo. Ni iby’ingenzi cyane."

Idris Elba avuga ko intego ye nyamukuru, ari ugutunganya filimi umunsi umwe akabikorera muri studio ye mu Mujyi wa Accra.

Trump yatunze agatoki ishyaka Labour Party ryo mu Bwongereza avuga ko ririmo kumuvangira mu matora

Mu byo ikirego cyabo gishingiraho harimo n’inkuru zanditswe mu bitangazamakuru bitandukanye, zivuga ku mubonano wa Labour Party n’abashinzwe kwamamaza Harris, n’ibikorwa by’ubukorerabushake barimo gukora mu kumwamamaza.

Abashinzwe kwamamaza Trump, baravuga ko ibyo ari ugutanga ubufasha mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko.

BBC yatangaje iyi nkuru iravuga ko abarwanashyaka ba Labour Party riri ku butegetsi mu Bwongereza, bari mu bikorwa byo kwamamaza muri US, barimo ku bikora mu izina ryabo ntaho bihuriye n’ishyaka.

Ishyaka Labour Party kugeza ubu ntiragira icyo ribivugaho.

Abanyaturukiya Kenya yasubije iwabo ku gahato ni abagabo bane

Izo mpunzi ni abagabo bane, basubijwe muri Turukiya bisabwe na guverinoma y’icyo gihugu nk’uko byemejwe na Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Kenya.

Itangazo rya UNHCR rije nyuma y’amakuru avuga ko hari abantu benshi bashimuswe kuwa Gatanu mu Murwa Mukuru Nairobi. Umuturage ufite ubwenegihugu bw’Ubwongereza nawe uri mu bari bashimuswe, yabwiye BBC ko hari Abanyaturikiya benshi bashimuswe n’abantu bari bahishe amasura.

Uwo Mwongereza yavuze ko yarekuwe nyuma y’amasaha menshi ari uko amaze kwerekana icyangombwa gisimbura uruhushya rw’inzira.

UNHCR mu itangazo yasohoye kuri uyu wa Kabiri, irasaba guverinoma ya Kenya kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga impunzi, kandi by’umwihariko, ikubahiriza amabwiriza yo kudasubizayo impunzi ku gahato arinda abimukira n’impunzi koherezwa ahantu hashobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.

Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Kenya, yavuze ko icyo yakoze ari ukubahiriza icyifuzo cya Turukiya, kubera umubano ukomeye ushingiye ku mateka Kenya isanzwe ifitanye na Turukiya, kandi ngo bijejwe ko izo mpunzi zizafatwa neza.

Abo bagabo bane basubijwe muri Turukiya ku gahato, biravugwa ko ari abayoboke b’umuryango Gulen, wa Kiyisilamu ufite ingufu n’abanyamuryango benshi muri Turukiya no ku Isi hose, umuyobozi wawo akaba aherutse kwitaba Imana.

Umuryango Gulen ufite amashuri menshi uyobora muri Kenya no hirya no hino ku isi.

Uwo muryango umenyerewe ku izina rya Hizmet bisobanura ‘service’ muri Turukiya, wigeze gushinjwa gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi mu 2016, biwuviramo gushyirwa ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba.

Abayobozi ba Turukiya ntacyo baratangaza kuri icyo kibazo.

Martin Mateso yageze mu Bufaransa muri Mata 1994 aho yakoreraga TV5 Monde

Radiyo Ijwi rya Amerika (VOA) yamubitse, yavuze ko Martin Mateso yitabye Imana ku itariki 20 Ukwakira aguye mu Rwanda aho yari yaje kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 70.

Martin Mateso yakoreye Radiyo Rwanda, Televiziyo Rwanda na TV5 Monde yo mu Bufaransa, aho yari afite urugo kuva muri Mata 1994.

Nyakwigendera ni umwe mu banyamakuru bajyanishaga uwo mwuga n’ubuhanzi. Indirimbo ze zamenyekanye cyane ni ‘Bibiyana’ n’iyitwa ‘Amagorwa yo mu rugo’.

Kurikira ibindi muri iyi video

Major General Alex KAGAME, Umugaba Mukuru w’Inkeragutabara

Uyu musirikare ufite ibigwi byihagazeho mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, yahawe kuyobora Inkeragutabara nyuma y’igihe gito iri shami rimwe mu yagize Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) ritangiye kwakira amaraso mashya, muri gahunda igamije kugira igisirikare cy’umwuga.

Kugeza muri Kanama 2024, Maj Gen Kagame yari Umuhuzabikorwa w’Inzego z’Umutekano mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda ziri mu kazi mu Ntara ya Cabo Delgado muri Mozambique, umwanya yasimbuweho na Major Gen Emmy Ruvusha.

Maj Gen Alex Kagame (ibumoso) yasimbuwe na Maj Gen Emmy Ruvusha (iburyo) muri Mozambique muri Kanama 2024

Gen Kagame amaze imyaka 37 ari mu mwuga wa gisirikare, kuko yakinjiyemo mu 1987 mu gihe umuryango RPF Inkotanyi, wateguraga urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda. Ni umwe mu basirikare bakuru bafashe iya mbere mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu (1990) no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi (1994).

Gen Alex Kagame yayoboye Diviziyo nyinshi za RDF, zirimo Diviziyo ya gatatu ishinzwe Intara yose y’Uburengerazuba, aho yavuye yerekeza mu butumwa bwa RDF, muri Mozambique muri Kanama 2023 asimbura Major General E Nkubito.

Muri Gashyantare 2016, Alex Kagame yagizwe umuyobozi w’ingabo zishinzwe kurinda Umukuru w’Igihugu (Republican Guard). Yanayoboye Diviziyo ya kabiri mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru na Diviziyo ya Kane mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo.

Maj Gen A Kagame yagiye muri Mozambique asimbura Maj Gen E Nkubito muri Kanama 2023

Gen Alex Kagame afite impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu bumenyi mu bya gisirikare (military science) yaboneye mu Bushinwa, aho yakomereje akiga n’amasomo yo kuyobora igisirikare (command course). Amasomo nk’ayo kandi yayakurikiye muri Kenya ayajyanisha n’amasomo y’umubano mpuzamahanga muri Kenya.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ibirahure birinda telefone kumeneka, Tempered glass na Ceramic screen protector

Ibirahure birinda smart phone kwangirika birimo ubwoko bubiri: Ceramic screen protector na Tempered glass.

Tempered glass

Ni ikirahure kibonerana kandi cyoroshye ku buryo iyo kiri kuri telefone ubona nta kintu kigaragara yahindutseho, kandi kikaba kinyerera cyane nk’uko n’ubundi n’icyakoranywe na telefone kinyerera.

Ubu bwoko bw’ikirahure ni bwo bumenyerewe na benshi kuko gihenduka (1500-2000FRW), ariko kikagira inenge yo kwangirika ubusa igihe telefone yituye hasi cyangwa gushwaraduka igihe itari mu gifuniko cyabigenewe.

Ibyiza n’ibibi bya tempered glass

Akenshi iyo telefone yituye hasi iriho ikirahure cya tempered glass, ibyago byo kumeneka kwacyo biba biri ku cyigero cya 95%, ku buryo bishobora no kugera ku kirahure cya telefone.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, nubwo iyi ari inenge, igihe ikirahure cyakoranywe na telefone cyangiritse, ubasha kubibona ukajya kugihinduza hakiri kare.

Ceramic screen protector

Ni ikirahure gifite umumaro umwe n’uwa kigenzi cyacyo mu kurinda telefone igihe yituye hasi, ariko bigatandukanira mu gukomera, kunyerera, kubonerana, no mu giciro birumvikana kuko icya Ceramic kigura hagati ya 3000 na 4000FRW.

Iki kirahure gisa n’icyorosheho igihu bigatuma kitishushanyaho intoki, ntigishwaraduka ubusa kandi ntikijya kimeneka iyo telefone yituye hasi.

Ibyiza n’ibibi bya ceramic screen

Nubwo ikirahure cya ceramic screen protector gikomera ntikinishushanyaho intoki, si ikirahure cyagenewe uwo ari wese. Aha simvuga mu rwego rw’igiciro; ndavuga mu rwego rw’uko twitwara mu buzima bwa buri munsi n’akazi dukora.

Niba uri umuntu w’indangare, ukunda kwandarika telefone cyangwa kuyishyira ahantu ishobora kwitura hasi mu buryo bworoshye, inama nakugira ni ugukoresha tempered glass, ceramic screen protector ukakirekera abazi kwitwararika.

Iyo telefone iriho ceramic screen protector yituye hasi cyane ikaba yameneka mu kirahure, ntabwo ubimenya kuko ntushobora kubona imitutu iri imbere ku kirahure cyakoranywe na telefone.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa SONARWA Rees Kinyangi Lulu na Aisha Uwamahoro, Umucungamutungo wa Hotel Nobilis

Umuvugizi w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) Dr Murangira B. Thierry, yabwiye itangazamakuru ko aba bombi bakurikiranyweho kunyereza umutungo no gukoresha nabi umutungo ufitiye rubanda akamaro. Hotel Nobilis nayo ikaba ari umwe mu mitungo ya SONARWA.

Kugeza ubu dosiye yabo yamaze kugezwa mu bushinjacyaha mu gihe iperereza rigikomeje.

Toshiyuki Mimaki umwe mu bakuriye itsinda ry’Abayapani barokotse bombe atomic Hiroshima na Nagasaki

Iryo tsinda rigizwe n’abarokotse ibisasu byatewe Hiroshima na Nagasaki, ryatoranyijwe na Komite Ishinzwe ibihembo bya Nobel muri Norvège kubera ibikorwa byabo byo guhashya ibisasu bya kirimbuzi ku isi.

Umuyobozi wa Komite ya Nobel Joergen Watne Frydnes yavuze ko iryo tsinda ryagize uruhare rw’inyamibwa mu gushyiraho gahunda bise kirazira gukoresha ibisasu bya kirimbuzi.

Umubobozi w’Inama ishinzwe gutanga igihembo cya Nobel, yaburiye isi avuga ko gahunda ya kirazira gukoresha ibisasu bya kirimbuzi ubu iri mu bihe bitayoroheye, aboneraho no gushima itsinda ryayishizeho kuba ritanga ubuhamya buharanira ko ibisasu bya kirimbuzi bitazongera gukoreshwa ukundi.

Itsinda ry’Abayapani barokotse ibisasu bya kirimbuzi, Nihon Hidankyo, ryashinzwe mu 1956. Ryohereza abanyamuryango baryo hirya no hino ku isi bagatanga ubuhamya ku ngaruka mbi cyane n’imibabaro biterwa n’ibisasu bya kirimbuzi, nk’uko babisobanura ku rubuga rwabo ruri kuri murandasi.

Aganira n’itangazamakuru n’ikiniga cyinshi, Toshiyuki Mimaki umwe mu bakuriye itsinda ry’abarokotse bombe atomic, yavuze ko mu buzima bwe atigeze arota na rimwe ko bazahabwa igihembo.

Imwe mu nzu zasigaye zihagaze nyuma y’igisasu cyatewe Hiroshima mu 1945 yagizwe urwibutso

Batangiye ubwo bukangurambaga hashize imyaka hafi icumI Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (US) ziteye ibisasu bya kirimbuzi mu duce twa Hiroshima na Nagasaki mu Buyapani.

Tariki 6 Kanama 1945, indege itera ibisasu bya bombe ya US yarekuriye igisasu gikoze muri uranium hejuru y’umujyi wa Hiroshima, gihitana abasaga 140,000.

Hashize iminsi itatu, indege ya US irekurira ikindi gisasu ku mujyi wa Nagasaki. Icyo gihe ni bwo Ubuyapani bwamanitse amaboko, Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi irangira ityo.

Icapiro rya 3D rikora insimburangingo z’amaboko ryamuritswe n’Ihuriro ry’Amashyirahamwe y’Abafite Ubumuga mu Rwanda (NUDOR)

Iryo capiro ni irya kabiri rifunguwe mu Rwanda; rije ryunganira irya mbere rikora insimburangingo z’amaguru, ryashyizweho mu 2022, rikaba ari ryo capiro rya mbere rikora insimburangingo zo hejuru (amaboko) zikoze mu buryo bwa 3D.

Ryamuritswe kuwa mbere 7 Ukwakira, n’Ihuriro ry’Amashyirahamwe y’Abafite Ubumuga mu Rwanda (NUDOR), ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda cy’icyitegererezo mu gukora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi (CEBE), hamwe n’ibigo Bridging Afrika na EmpowerAbility .

Iri koranabuhanga rihanitse ryitezweho gukora insimburangingo zihendutse mu Rwanda zikoze mu buryo bwa 3D, ubusanzwe zikaba zihenda cyane.

Michael Peirone, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Victoria Hand Project, umushinga utunganya ibyuma bishushanya bikanakora insimburangingo (3D prosthetic printer)

Inama y’Igihugu y’Abafite Ubumuga (NCPD), ivuga ko insimburangingo z’amaguru zishobora kugura hagati y’amadolari 500 n’amadolari 900, bitewe n’imiterere y’aho urugingo rwavuye n’intera rwacikiyeho.

Ikigo Bridging Afrika, kimwe mu bifatanya n’uyu mushinga, kivuga ko insimburangingo za 3D nizitangira gukorerwa mu Rwanda, zizagabanya ibiciro ku buryo bufatika, bikaba bishobora kuva madolari 500 bikagera hagati y’amadolari 100 n’amadolari 150.

Ahubatse Stade Amahoro na BK Arena hafatwa nk’Ahantu h’Icyitegererezo

Kuvugurura bireba igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose kigamije guhindura isura y’ako gace haba mu gusimbuza inyubako zishaje inshya, cyangwa kuvugurura izisanzwe.

Ahagenewe ibikorwa bya siporo mu Murenge wa Remera, ni ho hari Stade Amahoro ifite imyanya 45,000, inyubako ya BK Arena ifite imyanya 10,000 na Petit Stade. Ako gace kandi karimo n’ikibuga cya Zaria Court, ikibuga kigezweho cyo guteza imbere siporo kirimo kuhubakwa.

Umujyi wa Kigali uranateganya kuhubaka ikigo kizajya gikorerwamo siporo zo mu mazi kirimo za pisine n’ibindi bikorwa byo kwidagadura.

Ibaruwa Umujyi wa Kigali wandikiye ba nyirubutaka iravuga ko kuvugurura imiturire mu nkengero z’ahagenewe siporo bishingiye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Igishushanyo Mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali, cyerekana ako gace nk’Ahantu h’Icyitegererezo.

Ibaruwa ivuga ko ba nyirubutaka bagomba kuba batanze ibishushanyo by’amapariseri yabo bazubakamo inzu zigezweho mu gihe cy’amezi abiri hanyuma bagatangira kubaka nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe bamaze guhabwa impushya.

Ibaruwa ikomeza ivuga ko abatazabyubahiriza, bazafatirwa ibyemezo n’ubuyobozi, hubahirizwa itegeko rigenga ubutaka ryo mu 2021 rirebana n’ubutaka budakoreshwa.

Iteka rya Minisitiri ryo muri Nyakanga 2024, riteganya ko igihe ubutaka buherereye mu gace kari aho ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’igishushanyo mbonera ryatangiriye, cyangwa ahantu h’icyitegererezo (Prime Area) hagenwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali cyangwa ubuyobozi bw’Akarere, butagomba gukoreshwa, kuko nyirabwo atakaza uburenganzira yari abufiteho.

Umuvugizi w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Emma Claudine Ntirenganya, yabwiye Kigali Today kuri telefone, ko bandikiye koko abafite imitungo hafi y’ahagenewe siporo i Remera babasaba kuvugurura inyubako zabo kubera ko ari ahantu h’icyitegererezo hakeneye kuvugururwa byihutirwa kugira ngo habashe kureshya abashoramari bifuza kuhashyira ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

Umuvugizi w’Umujyi wa Kigali, kandi yatubwiye ko bandikiye abafite ubutaka barebwa n’iyo gahunda hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’inyubako batunze. Harimo abafite inyubako zujuje ibisabwa batazagerwaho n’ingaruka, hakaba n’abandi bafite inyubako zishaje cyangwa zitujuje ibisabwa ngo zibe ziri ahantu nk’ahubatse Stade Amahoro na BK Arena.

Umujyi wa Kigali uvuga ko wandikiye ba nyirubutaka 52 ubasaba gukuraho inyubako zabo bakitegura kubaka inshya mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri.

Umujyi wa Kigali kandi wasabye ba nyirubutaka bumva batazabasha kubahiriza ibyo basabwa kwegera ubuyobozi bukabasobanurira uko bimeze.

Diddy na Oprah Gail Winfrey wamamaye cyane mu biganiro byo kuri televiziyo

Amakuru aheruka arimo kuvuga amakasete yashyize hanze amazina y’ibindi byamamare byitabiraga iminsi mikuru isanzwe kwa Diddy, igakurikirwa n’ibindi birori bya rwihishwa (after party) byakoregarwamo ibintu by’urukozasoni n’ibindi bisa n’imihango ya gipagani.

Mu bashyirwa mu majwi harimo abahanzi b’ibyamamara nka Jay-Z, Beyoncé, Usher, Rick Ross, Meek Mill, French Montana n’abandi.

Si abahanzi gusa bashyirwa mu majwi; harimo n’abakinnyi ba filime b’ibigugu nka Cuba Gooding Jr, Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hanks, ibindi byamamare nka Ellen Degeneres, Opray Winfrey, abatunganya za filime, ndetse na bamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye muri USA barimo Abasenateri, aba Guverineri na bamwe mu biyamarije kuyobora Amerika. Undi uvugwamo n’umukambwe w’imyaka 92 Clive Davis wigeze kuba umutoza wa P Diddy.

Mu gitero gitunguranye abashinzwe umutekano i New York baherutse kugaba ku nzu ya Diddy iri Hollywood muri Werurwe 2024, bahasanze amacupa 1000 y’amavuta basiga impinja, ibipupe byifashishwa n’abantu bakuru mu kwinezeza, ibyambarwa mu maso bihisha amasura (mask), za kamera zihishe ziri mu nguni zose z’ibyumba byihariye, n’ibizitiramajwi (soundproof).

Umuraperi Diddy Combs azwiho gukoresha ibirori bikundwa n’abantu b’ibikomerezwa barimo n’abakuru b’ibihugu

Umwe mu bakozi ba Sean Diddy Combs utarashatse kwivuga amazina, yavuze ko izo kamera zakoreshwaga mu gufata abashyitsi be bari mu bikorwa by’urukozasoni, yarangiza akagurisha amakasete ku bantu bafite imbuga za murandasi zerekana ibiteye kwiheba (Dark Net) zigaca amafaranga atabarika.

Mu bindi birego bimwugarije, harimo no kuba mu nzu ye y’akataraboneka iri New York, harimo inzira zo mu kuzimu bivugwa ko yakoreshaga mu gucuruza urubyiruko mu mibonano mpuzabitsina batabishaka, yarangiza akabatera ubwoba avuga ko azabashyira ku karubanda nihagira utobora akavuga.

Muri urwo rubyiruko havugwamo n’umuhanzi Justin Bieber wari ukiri muto, ugaragara mu mashusho y’iminsi mikuru ya Diddy ameze nk’urimo kwicuza icyamujyanyeyo. Inkuru ya Bieber yavuzwe bwa mbere n’umunyarwenya Trevor Moore wigeze gushyira hanze igihangano kirimo inkuru ivuga ko Justin Bieber yagurishijwe ku mu producer w’igihangange.

Uwo munyarwenya yitabye Imana mu Kuboza 2021 mu buryo bw’amayobera, ahanutse ku rubaraza rw’inzu ye igeretse.

Sean Diddy Combs afungiwe muri gereza ya Brooklyn, New York. Aha hanyuze ibindi byamamare nka R-Kelly na Ghislaine Maxwell

Mu cyumweru gishize, Diddy yari yashyizwe ahagenewe abafungwa bacungirwa hafi ngo ataba yakwiyahura kubera ibyaha biremereye ashinjwa, ariko kuwa kabiri 1 Ukwakira yasubijwe ahasanzwe.

Umuraperi Diddy yatawe muri yombi ku itariki 16 Nzeri, icyo gihe asaba kuburana ari ku ngwate ya miliyoni 50 z’amadolari ariko urukiko rurabyanga.

Sean Diddy Combs w’imyaka 54 ari muri gereza ya Brooklyn, i New York irimo abafungwa basaga 1200, aho byitezwe ko ashobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, mu gihe hibazwa ikigiye gukurikiraho nyuma y’uko amazina y’ibikomerezwa n’ibyamamare byamubereye abatumirwa ashyizwe hanze.

Gufungura ku mugaragaro byitabiriwe n’abayobozi barimo uhagarariye Ubufaransa mu Rwanda Antoine Anfré, n’Umuyobozi wa IBUKA Dr Philbert Gakwenzure

Iryo murika rizamara ibyumweru bitatu ryateguwe ku bufatanye n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ‘RwandaMap’ na gahunda ya ‘Dusangire Amateka’ y’umuryango urengera inyungu z’Abacitse ku Icumu rya Jenoside IBUKA.

Ni imurika rigamije kwerekana ibimenyetso ndangamateka bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kugira ngo itazigera yibagirana no gukomeza gushyira imbaraga muri gahunda zo kwigisha ababyiruka amateka ya Jenoside.

Gahunda ya ‘Dusangire Amateka’, ari nayo iryo murika rishingiyeho, ni umushinga ugamije gusangiza imbaga yagutse amateka y’u Rwanda, hibandwa ku kubaka imyumvire ihuriweho y’ibyaranze amateka bityo bigatanga n’inzira yo gushimangira umuco w’ubumwe, ubwiyunge, no gushyira hamwe kw’Abanyarwanda bose mu kwibuka.

Igikorwa cyo gutangiza iryo murika cyitabiriwe n’abashyitsi barimo abayobozi muri Guverinoma, Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda Antoine Anfré n’abandi bayobozi.

Imyambaro, imyenge y’amasasu n’imibiri yumishijwe mu ishwagara ni bimwe mu by’ingenzi bigaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubugome bwa Jenoside bikigaragara uyu munsi ku nzibutso za Jenoside mu Rwanda.

Hari n’ibimenyetso bitagaragarira amaso, urugero nk’ibyo umuntu yibuka agahungabana, agahinda kadashira, umubano wangiritse, byose bigatuma Abanyarwanda bakomeza guhangana n’ingaruka z’ubugizi bwa nabi bwatumye habaho imanza zitagira ingano zitigeze ziba ahandi mu mateka y’Isi.

Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda Antoine Anfré

Iryo murika ririmo ibimenyetso byakusanyijwe mu buryo butandukanye, inkuru z’abatangabuhamya n’ibikoresho bifasha gusobanukirwa Jenoside no kuyinjiza mu mateka maremare y’Igihugu.

Rigendeye ku bushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa, inyigo zakozwe n’inyandiko zashyinguwe zitari zagashyizwe ku mugaragaro, iryo murika risesengura ibikorwa nyamukuru byaranze Jenoside: Uko yateguwe, umuvuduko wayo, ahiciwe abantu n’uburyo bishwemo n’ingaruka byagize ku muryango mugari Nyarwanda.

Rinagaragaza uruhare rw’Abanyarwanda bayishyize mu bikorwa, rikanakangurira abantu kwibanda ku buryo butandukanye, inzira n’ubusesenguzi byakoreshejwe n’impuguke z’Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga mu kwiga igihe ikiremwamuntu cyateshukaga.

Aganira n’itangazamakuru, Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, Antoine Anfré, yagize ati "Iri murika ni ingirakamaro cyane kuko ni urubuto rw’ubwiyunge hagati y’Ubufaransa n’u Rwanda."

Yakomeje agira ati "Ikibabaje ariko, Ubufaransa bufite uruhare runini mu byabaye kuko bwafashije buhumyi ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana kandi kubera inkunga ya gisirikare bwatanze, yatumye ubutegetsi bwe budahita butsindwa igihe Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zatangizaga urugamba.”

Umuyobozi wa IBUKA, Dr Philbert Gakwenzire

Ambasaderi Antoine Anfré yongeyeho ko inkunga y’Ubufaransa yafashije ubutegetsi gushinga umutwe w’abicanyi b’Interahamwe, kandi ko hanakorwaga ubwicanyi na mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Ubufaransa bwateye inkunga ikomeye.

Ambasaderi Antoine Anfré yakomeje agira ati "Iri murika risobanura neza uko byagenze. Ndashishikariza Abanyarwanda, by’umwihariko urubyiruko, gusura iri murika kubera ko u Rwanda ni Igihugu kikiri gito, kandi benshi mu baturage bacyo bari bataravuka ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakorwaga. Bakeneye kumenya amateka yisumbuyeho kugira ngo baharanire ko bitazongera kubaho ukundi.”

Imurika rizamara ibyumweru bitatu, mbere yo kugezwa mu bindi bice by’Igihugu by’umwihariko mu Turere twa Musanze na Huye.

Umuyobozi wa IBUKA Dr Philbert Gakwenzire yavuze ko gusobanukirwa n’amateka ubwabyo bidahagije igihe nta bikorwa bihari ngo abantu birinde ko hongera kubaho ibikorwa by’ubunyamaswa. Gakwenzire yakomeje avuga ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kimwe n’izindi Jenoside zabaye ahandi, zitagomba kongera kubaho ukundi. Kandi ko ari bwo butumwa buri wese agomba gutahana.

Imurika bise ‘Ibimenyetso bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi’, rishobora gusurwa n’ubyifuza wese rikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo kuzirikana ingaruka z’urwango rutafatiranywe kare.

Perezida William Ruto (iburyo) yahisemo Gachagua igihe biyamamazaga mu matora yo mu 2022, bagatsindaga Raila Odinga

Abashyigikiye icyo cyemezo barashinja Visi Perezida Rigathi Gachagua, ko yagize uruhare mu myigaragambyo yo muri Kamena yamaganaga guverinoma, ikaza no kugwamo abantu, ndetse bakamushinja ruswa no gushyigikira politike zitanya abaturage zishingiye ku moko, ibi ariko Gachagua arabihakana.

Kuri uyu wa Kabiri, Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yemeje ko Abadepite batangira gahunda yo kumuvana ku butegetsi nyuma y’uko icyo cyemezo gishyigikiwe n’abadepite 291, mu gihe hari hakenewe 117.

Icyemezo cyo gukura ku butegetsi Gachagua cyitezweho kwemerwa bitagoranye n’imitwe yombi y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, kuva aho ab’ingenzi mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bemeye guhuza imbaraga na Perezida William Ruto nyuma y’imyigaragambyo simusiga iheruka kuyogoza Igihugu.

Inzira nyinshi zakoreshejwe mu nkiko ngo bahagarike ihirikwa rya Gachagua ntacyo zatanze. Ubwumvikane bucye hagati ya Perezida wa Kenya n’umwungirije bikomeje kujegajeza ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu gisanzwe kiri mu bihe bitacyoroheye kubera ubukungu n’urwego rw’imari byifashe nabi.

Ruto yahisemo Gachagua igihe biyamamazaga mu matora yo mu 2022, bagatsindaga Raila Odinga wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe mu matora atari yoroshye na buhoro.

Gachagua aturuka mu gace ka Mount Kenya kabonetsemo amajwi menshi, akaba yaragize uruhare rukomeye mu itorwa rya Ruto.

BBC yatangaje iyi nkuru, iravuga ko kuba hari abarwanashyaka bo ku ruhande rwa Odinga bahawe imyanya muri guverinoma nyuma y’imyigaragambyo y’urubyiruko yatumye Ruto yemera kureka gahunda yo kuzamura imisoro, ubu noneho umwuka wa politike wamaze guhindura isura, aho Visi Perezida Gachagua akomeje kwisanga ari wenyine mu kibuga.

Mu kirere harimo kugaragara ibisasu byirukanka cyane byerekeza mu mujyi wa Yeruzalemu no muri Israel nyuma y’akanya gato kashize White House iburiye Israel ko ishobora kugabwaho ibitero.

Amashusho arimo gucicikana ku bitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga arerekana abaturage barimo gukiza amagara yabo, ari nako hakomeza kumvikana urusaku rw’imiturika n’ibice by’ibisasu bigwa ku butaka.

Amakuru amaze gushyirwa ahagaragara aremeza ko Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Joe Biden, yategetse igisirikare cya Amerika gufasha ingabo za Israel guhanura ibyo bisasu, nk’uko byemejwe kuri uyu wa Kabiri n’Inama y’Umutekano mu biro bya Perezida wa Amerika (White House).

Ibitangazamakuru byo muri Israel biravuga ko Iran yarashe ibisasu bya misile birenga ijana kuri Israel

Abaturage barimo gushaka aho bikinga

Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi, ni Umuhinde wari umunyamategeko waharaniye ubwigenge bw’igihugu cye no kukirinda kuvogerwa n’abakoloni b’Abongereza akoresheje uburyo bw’amahoro (non-violence resistance).

Gandhi warangwaga no gusenga cyane, ku munsi we wa nyuma, yari ari mu isengesho ryari ryahuje amatorero atandukanye mu mujyi wa Delhi mu Buhinde, aho yishwe arashwe n’agatsiko k’intagondwa zakoranaga n’abakoloni, zamurashe amasasu atatu mu gituza ku itariki 30 Mutarama 1948.

Ikinyamakuru Britannica cyakurikiranye amateka ye, cyemeza ko Mahatma Gandhi wishwe ku myaka 78, atarashiramo umwuka ngo yaragize ati “He Ram, He Ram” bisobanura ngo Mana yanjye, Mana yanjye!

Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Pelé)

Edson Arantes do Nascimento wamamaye ku izina rya Pelé muri ruhago mpuzamahanga, yitabye Imana 29 Ukuboza 2022 azize kanseri ku myaka 82. Pelé wigeze no kuba Minisitiri wa Sport muri Brésil, yakinweho filimi zishingiye ku buzima bwe zirimo: Victory (1981), Forever (2004), The Birth of a Legend (2016), n’iyo bise Pelé (2021).

U Rwanda narwo rwamwitiriye ikibuga cy’umupira w’amaguru kitwaga Stade Régional ya Nyamirambo, ubu kitwa Kigali Pelé Stadium, cyatashywe ku mu garagaro na Perezida Paul Kagame ari kumwe n’umuyobozi wa FIFA Gianni Infatino tariki 15 Werurwe 2023.

Pelé yatsindiye ikipe ya Brésil ibitego 77 mu mikino 92, anegukana ibikombe bitatu by’isi mu 1958, 1962 no mu 1970. Mbere yo gushiramo umwuka, ikinyamakuru Onuaonline.com cyo muri Ghana, kiremeza ko Pelé yavuze aya magambo: “There will be another great player for Brazil.” Bisobanura ngo Brésil izabona undi mukinnyi w’umuhanga.

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela, yabaye Perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura wa Afurika y’Epfo na perezida wa mbere watowe binyuze mu nzira ya demukarasi isesuye mu 1994. Kubera icyubahiro yahabwaga na n’ubu agihabwa n’abanyagihugu, Mandela bamuhamagaraga Madiba, izina rye rya gakondo risobanura amafaranga.

Yamenyekanye cyane mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ivanguraruhu ryakorerwaga abirabura ku butegetsi bw’abazungu (1948-1990), muri politike ya ruvumwa bise Apartheid yamaganywe n’amahanga by’umwihariko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Mu gihe cya Apartheid, Mandela na bagenzi be benshi, batawe muri yombi barafungwa, abandi baricwa, we aguma mu buroko guhera mu 1962 kugeza mu 1990, hashize imyaka ine atorerwa kuyobora igihugu afite imyaka 72 kugeza mu 1999.

Yitabye Imana tariki 03 Ukuboza 2013 ku myaka 95, azize indwara y’ubuhumekero yari amaranye igihe kirekire. Ikinyamakuru The Atlantic cyakurikiranye ubuzima bwe kugeza ku munota wa nyuma, cyemeza ko mu ijambo rirerire Mandela yavuze mu minsi ye ya nyuma, yarisoresheje interure igira iti “Now I can die in peace” bisobanura ngo ubu noneho nshobora gupfa ntuje.

Kobe Bryant

Kobe Bean Bryant yari umukinnyi wa Basketball w’Umunyamerika wabigize umwuga, aho bakundaga kumwita The Black Mamba (Incira y’umukara), kubera ukuntu yari umuhanga mu kuboneza umupira mu gitebo ari ryo zamu, aho yabaga ahagaze hose mu kibuga.

Mu buzima bwe nk’umukinnyi wabigize umwuga, Kobe yamaze imyaka 20 akiniria ikipe ya Los Angeles Lakers mu Ishyirahamwe rya NBA (National Basketball Association).

Yavutse muri Kanama 1978, yitaba Imana muri Mutarama 2020 azize impanuka y’indege ya kajugujugu n’abo bari kumwe bose icyenda, barimo umwana we w’umukobwa witwaga Gianna Onore Bryant wari ufite imyaka 13.

Kubera ko abo bari kumwe bose ntawarokotse, nta muntu n’umwe ushobora kumenya ijambo rya nyuma Kobe Bryant yavuze, ariko ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nyinshi hariho ubutumwa bw’amashusho n’ijwi rye, yasize mbere yo kujya muri urwo rugendo rwabaye urwa nyuma.

Kobe yaragize ati “Muraho mwese, mumbabarire sindibubashe kuba hamwe namwe iri joro, ariko nifuzaga gufata uyu mwanya kugira ngo ngire ibitekerezo nsangira namwe mwese.
Ntushobora kubuza abantu kugerageza kukubuza kugera ku nzozi zawe, ariko wowe ushobora kuzibuza kuba impamo.

Isomo mpa agaciro cyane mu buzima, ni uko ari iby’ingenzi cyane gukunda ibyo ukora. Niba ukunda ibyo ukora kandi bikaba biguha umunezero, ubwitange ubishyiramo no kudacika intege ni byo bikugeza ku musaruro.

Iyo uzi neza ko ubishyiramo imbaraga zawe zose, nta kintu gishimisha nk’icyo muri iyi si. Ndabashishikariza guhora mugira amatsiko, mugahora mushakisha ibyo mukunda kandi mugakomeza gukora cyane n’igihe mwabigezeho. Inzozi zanyu ni mwe zireba.

Ndifuza kubabwira ko mbatekereza, mbashyigikiye kandi mbari inyuma iteka ryose. Mugire amahoro”

Umva ubutumwa bwa Kobe hano:

https://www.tiktok.com/@boltmotivation/video/7251010615504915717

Fab Morvan ni umwirabura wavukiye i Paris mu Bufaransa mu 1966, akaba yari asanzwe afite impano yo kuririmba, gucuranga no kubyina ariko mu buryo buciriritse ari byo byatumye yimukira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ngo arebe ko impano ye yazamuka ndetse biranamuhira.

Rob Pilatus, utakiriho, we yakuriye mu buzima bubi mu mihanda ya New York muri USA, aza kugira amahirwe yo kwinjira mu itsinda ry’ababyinnyi bisa n’ibimuhaye inzira y’ubuzima ni ko kwigira inama yo kujya gushakira umugati ku mugabane w’uburayi aho yavuyemo umubyinnyi n’umunyamideri w’umwuga.

Kuvuka kwa Milli Vanilli

Fab na Rob baje guhurira mu mujyi wa Munich mu Budage mu 1988, bakubitana n’umuririmbyi w’umudage wari umuhanga mu gutunganya indirimbo (producer) witwaga Franz Reuther wamenyekanye ku izina ry’ubuhanzi nka Frank Farian. Ni nawe washinze itsinda Boney M ryakahanyujijeho guhera mu 1976 kugeza mu 1986.

Amaze guhura na Fab na Rob akabona ari abasore batanga icyizere cy’ubuzima bwiza buri imbere, yabasabye ko bafatanya akajya abatunganyiriza indirimbo, ariko aza gusanga amajwi yabo adahura n’uburyo we yifuzaga gutunganyamo umuziki nk’umunyamwuga. Gusa ntabwo yahise abajugunya kuko yari yarize umushinga we neza.

Fab na Rob nabo bari baramaze kwigarurira imitima y’abatari bacye kubera kubyina no kugaragara neza, bituma Frank afata icyemezo cyo gushaka abantu babarusha kuririmba akajya abafata amajwi ariko indirimbo zikitirirwa Fab na Rob nka Milli Vanilli. Abo baririmbyi ni Charles Shaw na John Davis bombi b’Abanyamerika bari basanzwe ari abaririmbyi b’umwuga.

Nabo ntibazuyaje, bahise bemera icyo kiraka cyo kuririmba indirimbo zose zasohotse ku muzingo wa Milli Vanilli witwa Girl you know it’s true uriho indirimbo yitwa Girl I’m gonna miss you, When I die, Don’t forget my number, Blame it on the rain n’izindi.

Kwigarurira imitima

Rob Pilatus, producer Frank Farian na Fab Morvan mu 1989

Mu bitaramo byose bakoze, Frank Farian yakoreshaga ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyiramo indirimbo zitunganyije (playback) harimo amajwi ya Charles Shaw & John Davis, Fab na Rob bagakoresha iminwa gusa amajwi adasohoka (Lip-Syncing), kandi bakabikorana neza cyane ku buryo abantu batashoboraga kubatahura.

Bakomeje batyo guhera mu 1988, barakundwa mu Burayi, muri Amerika no ku isi hose, amasura yabo ahuzwa n’amajwi atari ayabo, ibihembo baregukana, imizingo (albums) baracuruza karahava, dore ko na Frank yari umu producer wihagazeho mu Budage no muri Amerika, mu myaka umuziki wari utangiye gutera imbere.

Gufatwa mpiri

Ibintu byaje kubazambana umunsi umwe bari mu gitaramo tariki 21 Nyakanga 1989 cyabereye ahitwa Lake Compound Theme Park, i Bristol muri leta ya Connecticut, USA. Icyo gihe abantu bari bakubise buzuye, Milli Vanilli bageze ku ndirimbo Girl you know it’s true, igeze hagati ikwamira ahantu hamwe ikagenda yisubiramo, maze abari baje kubareba birabayobera, ni ko gutangira kubakemanga.

Ibintu byarushijeho kuba bibi kuko icyo gitaramo cyafashwe amashusho kikajya kinyuzwa ku mateleviziyo n’amaradiyo, abantu baza kuvumbura ko Fab na Rob atari bo baririmbaga. Ibitangazamakuru si ukubashyira hanze byiva inyuma, uruganda rw’umuziki narwo rutangira guterwa icyizere, Milli Vanilli (Fab na Rob) bajyanwa mu nkiko.

Mu rubanza rwabo, Fab na Rob bari bafite amahitamo abiri: kuburana bahakana cyangwa kwemera ingaruka z’ibyo bakoze bakemera gutakaza byose bagatangira bundi bushya. Nabo ariko babaye inyaryenge, mu buryo butunguranye bemeye amakosa, hanyuma mu 1991 bakoresha ikiganiro n’itangazamakuru bemera gusubiza ibihembo bya Grammy Awards bibiri bari baratsindiye n’amafaranga yose bagurishije album zabo.

Mu 1990 batarajyanwa mu butabera, Fab na Rob basabye Frank Farian kubaha amahirwe yo gukoresha amajwi yabo bwite muri album ya kabiri ariko arabangira, ndetse arabirukana anemera uruhare rwe mu kwifatira isi ko ari bo baririmbye indirimbo za Milli Vanilli.

Kubyutsa umutwe

Nyuma bagerageje kwisuganya ngo barebe ko bakomeza kuririmba mu majwi yabo bwite no kugarura abafana ariko biba iby’ubusa. Uruganda rw’umuziki narwo rwabateye umugongo kubera igisebo barushyizeho studio zose basabye gukorana zikabasubiza inyuma. Abasore batangira kugira ubuzima bubabaje, ubukene, imanza za hato na hato, ibibazo byo mu mutwe n’ibindi.

Rob Pilatus wari warafashijwe n’intsinzi ya Milli Vanilli gutandukana n’ubuzima bw’ibibazo yabagamo mbere kubera ibiyobyabwenge, yaje kwisanga yabisubiyemo. Ndetse mu 1993 yatawe muri yombi azira ibiyobyabwenge, kurwana no kwangiza ibirango ndangamurage, hanyuma mu 1998 mu Budage humvikana inkuru y’incamugongo ko Bob Pilatus bamusanze yapfuye ku myaka 32.

Fab Morvan we yakomeje kwihagararaho, ahangana n’ubuzima akoresheje impano ye bwite, bimufasha gusohoka mu gisebo yatewe n’intsinzi mpimbano nk’umwe mu bari bagize itsinda ry’icyuka rya Milli Vanilli. Ubu aracyakora umwuga wo kuririmba no kubyina ku myaka 58.

Franz Reuther ari we producer Frank Farian, kimwe mu byamuteye gukora akazi k’ubu producer gusa, ni uko yari yaragerageje kuririmba cyera ntibyamuhira yigira inama yo gushyiraho itsinda Boney M (1976-1988) na Milli Vanilli (1988-1989) biranamuhira kuko ajya kwitaba Imana muri Mutarama 2024 yari ageze ku mutungo wa miliyoni 200 z’amadolari.

Amayeri ya Frank Farian

Itsinda Boney M naryo ryagize ibihe bijya gusa n’ibya Milli Vanilli, by’umwihariko kuri Bobby Farrell (iburyo)

Mu kiganiro Fab Morvan aheruka kugirana na channel yitwa The Roots kuri YouTube mu mwaka ushize, yashimangiye inkuru ivuga ko Frank Farian ari nawe waririmbaga ikijwi kinini abantu bose bazi ko ari icya wa mugabo wo muri Boney M nyakwigendera Bobby Farrell ().

Ibyo rero ngo nta kindi cyabimuteye, ngo ni uko yari amaze kubona ko umuziki we utari ushoboye guhangana n’uw’abirabura wari utangiye kwiharira isoko guhera muri za 70, ni ko kwiyemeza gukoresha amasura y’abagaragara neza, amajwi agashaka ay’abahanzi b’abahanga, aho bishoboka agashyiramo irye ariko atagaragara nk’uko yabigenje kuri Boney M, yamara gusenyuka akabikora no kuri Milli Vanilli.

N’ubwo akunda umwuga w’itangazamakuru, Mutesi avuga ko akora ibishoboka byose akaririnda abo mu muryango we kuko asanga ntawe ritinya uwo yaba ari we wese.

Mutesi ati “Ubuzima bwanjye bwite, umuryango mvukamo, uwo nashatsemo n’abantu bari hanze y’akazi nkora, mbarinda itangazamakuru n’ibisa na ryo kubera ko ntabwo bigira uwo byubaha n’uwo bitinya. Iyo abantu baza, babandi tubona ku mbunga nkoranyambaga wenda ukabona barimo baratuka Scovia, jyewe ku rwego ndiho nshobora kubyakira, ibirenze umurongo nkaba nabibaza amategeko kugira ngo abibambarize."

Mutesi akomeza agira ati “Ariko kuza umuntu akavuga ko ndi mubi, uko ngaragara, hari igihe papa wanjye atabikunda. Noneho bakajya no gushaka ifoto ya papa wanjye bati dore barasa! Icyo gihe mbaye naravuze amazina ya data nkamushyira hanze, mu by’ukuri naba naragize uruhare rwo gutuma umuntu runaka asuzugura umubyeyi wanjye, umugabo wanjye, abana banjye cyangwa mabukwe n’abandi."

Mu kiganiro Menya abo ukunda yagiranye na Rusakara kuri KT Radio, Mutesi yavuze ko ari yo mpamvu yirinda kuvugira mu itangazamakuru imyirondoro ye yose uko yakabaye.
Akomeza ati “Ni yo mpamvu ntaribujye kuvuga ngo nitwa runaka mwene runaka, navutse ntya, nkura ntya, gusa uko biri kose, icyo nababwira, narezwe nk’uko abandi bana bakura mu muryango, nubwo twagize ibyago tukavukira mu buhungiro."

Mutesi Scovia yavukiye muri Uganda aho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye, ariko akemera ko ari amahirwe atagirwa n’abandi Banyafurika benshi kuba bo barabashije gutahuka mu Rwagasabo.

Aha Scovia yakomozaga ku mateka y’u Rwanda, aho abatari bacye bahunze ubugizi bwa nabi bwakorewe abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi kuva mu 1959 kugeza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bakabasha gutahuka nyuma y’uko ingabo zahoze ari iza RPF Inkotanyi zitsinze urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu zikanahagarika Jenoside.

Ku birebana n’umwuga akora w’itangazamakuru, Scovia Mutesi avuga ko iyo hari inkuru yashyize ahagaragara, abantu batandukanye bakamusaba kuyireka bavuga ko ntacyo iribumarire abantu, ngo ashobora kuyihagarika kabone nubwo yaba atarumva impamvu, ariko akabikorera kuba byahurijweho n’abantu benshi kandi batagamije inabi kuri we.

Byinshi kuri Mutesi Scovia uvugisha menshi benshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, biri mu kiganiro kirekire kiri kuri YouTube ya KT Radio cyitwa: Abanjye mbarinda itangazamakuru - Scovia Mutesi ni inde?

Gikurikire hano:

Abayoboye u Rwanda kuva mu 1994 - 2000-2024

Pasteur Bizimungu atarahunga u Rwanda, mbere y’1990 yari umuyoboke w’ishyaka MRND ryari riri ku butegetsi ku ngoma ya Juvénal Habyarimana. Yakoze imirimo itandukanye, ariko uwamenyekanye cyane ni ubuyobozi bw’ikigo cy’igihugu cyari gishinzwe amazi, amashanyarazi na gaz (ELECTROGAZ).

Gushwana n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bakomokaga hamwe (Gisenyi), Pasteur Bizimungu yabitewe n’iyicwa ry’umuvandimwe we Colonel Mayuya wari mu gisirikare cy’u Rwanda, wishwe ku kagambane k’umugore wa Habyarimana, Agathe Kanziga, amuziza ko yari atangiye kubangamira imikorere y’Akazu (agatsiko k’abategetsi bicaga bagakiza, kari kiganjemo abo mu muryango wa Habyarimana).

Bizimungu yahunze u Rwanda mu 1990 ajya mu Bubiligi, yinjira mu muryango RPF Inkotanyi umushinga itumanaho n’itangazamakuru, anawuhagararira mu masezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha, Tanzania mu 1993. Ni amasezerano atarigeze ahabwa agaciro n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana kuko nawe ubwe yayitaga ibipapuro, akaza no gukurikirwa na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y’iyicwa rye tariki 06 Mata 1994, ariko ikaba yari imaze igihe itegurwa.

Inkotanyi zimaze kubohora u Rwanda zigahagarika Jenoside tariki 04 Nyakanga 1994, Bizimungu yagizwe Perezida w’inzibacyuho kuya 19 Nyakanga 1994 kugeza muri Werurwe 2000, ari bwo yavaga ku butegetsi yeguye bitewe no kutavuga rumwe n’abandi bayobozi bagenzi be bo muri RPF ku birebana no gushyiraho guverinoma nshya.

Amaze kwegura, yashyizeho ishyaka rya politike aryita Ubuyanja, ariko ntiryamaze kabiri kuko ryagiyeho mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Habura igihe gito ngo Bizimungu atabwe muri yombi, Paul Kagame wari Perezida w’agateganyo yamugiriye inama yo kutishora mu bikorwa bya politike itandukanya Abanyarwanda ariko Bizimungu aratsimbarara.

Yatawe muri yombi mu 2002 ashinjwa ibyaha birimo kunyereza umutungo wa leta, gushaka guteza amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko no kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi mu gihugu cyari kigifite ibikomere cyatewe na Jenoside yahitanye abarenga miliyoni mu minsi 100 gusa.

Mu 2004, Bizimungu yatsinzwe urubanza akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, mu 2006 ajurira asaba gukurirwaho igihano avuga ko urubanza rwe rwari rufite impamvu za politike ariko aratsindwa, nyuma ni ko kwigira inama yo kwandikira Perezida Kagame amusaba imbabazi.
Bizimungu yahawe imbabazi z’Umukuru w’Igihugu ku itariki 9 Kanama 2007.

Iicyo gihe Perezida Kagame yari amaze amezi atatu atorewe kuyobora igihugu nka Perezida wa Repubulika binyuze mu matora. Ni yo matora ya mbere yabaye mu Rwanda akitabirwa n’amashyaka ya politike menshi kuva u Rwanda rwabona ubwigenge mu 1962.

Pasteur Bizimungu w’imyaka 74, yavukiye ahahoze ari muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi mu 1950. Nyuma yo kuva muri gereza, ntiyongeye kugaragara mu buzima bwa politike. Ubu abayeho mu buzima busanzwe ariko butamwaye na buhoro, kuko afite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bitandukanye birimo inzu zikodeshwa mu mujyi wa Kigali na hoteli y’umuryango we iri mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu mu murenge wa Nengo mu karere ka Rubavu.

Pasteur Bizimungu yayoboye leta y’inzibacyuho kuva muri Nyakanga 1994 kugeza muri Werurwe 2000, nyuma y’uko Inkoyanyi zari zimaze gutsinda leta yari yariyise iy’abatabazi yashyize mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, iyobowe na Théodore Sindikubwabo nka Perezida w’agateganyo. Uyu nawe yategetse nyuma y’iyicwa rya Juvénal Habyarimana, wahiritse Grégoire Kayibanda mu 1973 akanamwica, Kayibanda nawe akaba yarasimbuye Dominique Mbonyumutwa mu 1961 nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ingoma ya Kigeri V Ndahindurwa mu 1959.

Inkuru zabanje:

https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/incamake-ku-bayoboye-u-rwanda-kuva-mu-1961-igice-cya-mbere

https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/incamake-ku-bayoboye-u-rwanda-kuva-1973-1994-igice-cya-kabiri

Perezida Paul Kagame wabaye Visi Perezida na Minisitiri w’Ingabo mu nzibacyuho, ni we Perezida wa mbere watowe binyuze mu nzira ya demukarasi isesuye, muri politike y’amashyaka menshi ku itariki 25 Kanama 2003, yongera gutorerwa manda ya kabiri mu 2010, iya gatatu mu 2017.

Mu 2015, Abanyarwanda bamaze kubona ko ubuyobozi bwe bubanyuze, kandi ko hari hakiri byinshi Umuryango RPF Inkotanyi wagombaga kubagezaho ufatanyije n’abandi banya politike batitwaye nabi mu gihe cya jenoside kandi bakoranye kuva mu 1994, basabye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ko ingingo y’101 y’itegekonshinga yavugururwa Paul Kagame akongera kwiyamamaza.

Ingingo yavuguruwe mu Kwakira 2015, manda y’umukuru w’igihugu iva ku myaka irindwi ishyirwa kuri itanu ishobora kongera kwiyamamarizwa ishuro imwe. Abisabwe n’Abanyarwanda, Kagame yongeye kwiyamamaza mu 2017, manda ya gagatu irangira muri 2024, nabwo barongera bamusaba gukomezanya nabo muri manda y’imyaka itanu.

Amatora yabaye ku itariki 15 Nyakanga 2024, hagati y’abakandida batatu: Paul Kagame wa RPF Inkotanyi, Frank Habineza wa Green Party, na Philippe Mpayimana wigenga. Kagame ni we watsinze amatora ku majwi 8,822,794 (99,18%), Habineza abona amajwi 44,479 (0,50%), Mpayimana agira amajwi 28,466 (0,32%).

Tito yakoranye n’abavandimwe be mu bitaramo byinshi, barimo Jackie, Jermaine, Marlon na Michael Jackson, witabye Imana mu 2009. Tito yari aherutse mu mujyi wa Munich mu Budage aho biteguraga gutaramira.

Steve Manning, inshuti y’igihe kirekire y’umuryango w’aba Jackson akaba yarigeze no kubabera manager (gucunga umutungo), yabwiye igitangazamakuru Entertainment Tonight ko Tito Jackson yitabye Imana kuri uyu wa mbere.

Tito Jackson ni we wari impfura mu muryangp w’aba Jackson

Iyi nkuru y’incamugongo yemejwe n’inyandiko yashyizwe kuri Instagram n’abana batatu ba nyakwigendera, Taj, Taryll na TJ Jackson, nabo ubwabo bigeze kuba abahanzi b’injyana ya R’n’B/pop mu itsinda ry’inyabutatu ryitwaga 3T ahagana mu 1990.

Indirimbo zakunzwe cyane z’itsinda The Jackson 5 zirmo ABC, The Love You Save na I Want You Back.Itsinda ryashinzwe mu 1964. Tito yavuzaga gitari akanunganira bagenzi be (abavandimwe) mu majwi y’imperekeza.

The Jackson 5 ahagana mu 1970

Itsinda Jackson 5 ryagurishije indirimbo zisaga miliyoni 150 ku isi hose. Ahagana mu 1980, abo bavandimwe uko ari batanu, bashyizwe mu ruhando rw’ibyamamare by’ibihe byose muri Hollywood (Hollywood Walk of Fame), hanyuma mu 1997 binjira mu ruhando rw’abahanzi ba Rock and Roll b’ibihe byose (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame).

Benjamin Zalman-Polun, Marcel Malanga na Tyler Thompson ni Abanyamerika bakatiwe urwo kwicwa bashinjwa gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi muri RD Congo

Abo bagabo bashinjwa gucura umugambi wo kugaba mu ngo za Tshisekedi na Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko muri Gicurasi 2024.

Christian Malanga, ufite ubwenegihugu bwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ariko ukomoka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ushinjwa kuba ku isonga ryo gucura uwo mugambi , we yiciwe muri icyo gitero hamwe n’abandi batanu.

Abashinjwa bose uko ari 51 baburanishirijwe mu rukiko rwa gisirikare, urubanza rwabo rwerekanywe kuri televiziyo na Radiyo by’igihugu.

Umuhungu wa Christian Malanga witwa Marcel, na we ari mu bafite ubwenegihugu bwa USA bakatiwe urwo gupfa. Aheruka kubwira urukiko ko se Christian Malanga yamushyizeho iterabwoba amubwira ko azamwica niyanga kubafasha mu mugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi.

Mugenzi we Tyler Thompson nawe wakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu. Bombi bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 20, bakaba barakinanaga umupira w’amaguru muri leta ya Utah.

Mukase wa Tyler Miranda Thompson yabwiye BBC muri Kamena ko umuryango wabo nta kanunu bafite ku buryo umuhungu wabo yisanze muri RD Congo.

Umunyamerika wa Gatatu Benjamin Zalman-Polun, yakoranaga akazi k’ubucuruzi na Christian Malanga utakiri kuri iyi si. Undi wakatiwe urwo kwicwa ni Jean-Jacques Wondo ufite ubwenegihugu bwa RD Congo n’Ububiligi.

Muri 51 bashinjwaga, 14 bahanaguweho icyaha bahita barekurwa nyuma yo gusanga ntaho bahuriye n’igitero.

Abakatiwe bafite iminsi itanu yo kujuririra ibihano bahawe.

Icyo gihe u Rwanda n’u Burundi nabyo byari bikiri mu bukoloni bw’Ababiligi, ari yo mpamvu muri ibi bihugu naho hashyizwe amashami y’urwo ruganda, mu Rwanda barwita Brasseries et Limonaderies du Rwanda (BRALIRWA), mu Burundi barwita Brasseries et Limonaderies du Burundi (BRARUDI).

Uruganda rwa BRALIRWA rwatashywe ku mugaragaro n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa mu 1959, kuva ubwo PRIMUS itangira gukorerwa ku Gisenyi. Yatangiye iri mu icupa rirerire ririho ikarita y’igihugu cya Congo Bélge kuko bari bataratangira kuzana ay’u Rwanda.

Uruganda rwa BRALIMA rumaze kwegukanwa na sosiyete yo mu Buholandi Heineken International mu 1986, ni bwo mu Rwanda hatangiye kugaragara icupa noneho ririho ikirango cyihariye ku Rwanda kandi ritandukanye n’irya mbere PRIMUS igitangira kwengwa mu 1932.

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, nta zindi mpinduka nyinshi zabayeho ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda usibye guhindura ibirango no kongeraho amazina y’Ikinyarwanda (Karahanyuze na Gahuzamiryango) kugira ngo PRIMUS irusheho gukundwa n’abanyagihugu.

Izindi mpinduka mu miterere y’icupa zabayeho bitewe n’ubundi bwoko bwa PRIMUS BRALIRWA yagendaga ishyira ku isoko. Ugero nko mu 2007 haje PRIMUS ntoya bayita Peti Pirimusi, hanyuma mu 2013 haza iriganiye bayihimba Knowless bitewe nuko yaje mu gihe umuhanzikazi Butera Knowless yari amaze kwegukana irushanwa rya PRIMUS Guma Guma.

Izo nzoga zombi zaje mu masura mashya, ariko na ya yindi yo mu 1986 igumaho hagahinduka gusa ibirango n’imipfundikizo, ariko Peti Pirimusi yo yageze aho isimburwa na Knowless iriganiye iboneka mu tubari duciriritse, n’intoya iboneka mu mahoteli akomeye.

Hagati aho hari n’ubundi bwoko bwa PRIMUS uruganda rwagerageje gukora mu bihe bitandukanye, ariko nazo ntizatinze ku isoko. Muri zo twavuga nka PRIMUS Icyuzuzo, PRIMUS Citron n’indi yitwa BRALIRWA Huza, ariko zose nta n’imwe ikigaragara ku ishusho iriho ibinyobwa byose bya BRALIRWA.

Mu 1986 PRIMUS nini yaguraga 83FRW, uyu munsi igeze ku 1200FRW mu tubari duciriritse.

Perezida Samia Suluhu Hassan yategetse ko hakorwa iperereza ku iyicwa ry’umunyamuryango wa Chadema Mohamed Ali Kibao

Ku wa Gatanu w’icyumweru gishize, Mohamed Ali Kibao w’imyaka 69, yavanwe muri bisi ya rusange ku gahato ajyanwa n’abantu bikekwa ko ari abashinzwe umutekano ubwo yavaga mu mujyi wa Dar es Salaam, yerekeza iwe mu mujyi wa Tanga.

Umurambo we bawusanze mu mugezi wa Ununio mu karere ka Dar es Salaam, nk’uko itangazamakuru ryaho ryabyanditse.

Umurambo wa nyakwigendera Kibao bawusuzumye basanga yarakubiswe cyane banamusuka aside mu isura nk’uko umuyobozi wa Chadema Freeman Mbowe yabitangarije AFP.

Perezida Samia mu butumwa yanditse kuri X, yamaganye ubwo bwicanyi bwuzuye ubugome, ategeka ko hakorwa iperereza ryihuse.

Yakomeje avuga ko Tanzania ari igihugu kirangwa no kwishyira ukizana, kandi ko buri muturage wese afite uburenganzira bwo kubaho.

Iyicwa rya Mohamed Ali Kibao ribaye mu gihe abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi n’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Tanzania bavuga ko ibikorwa byo guhutaza abanyapolitike bikomeje kwiyongera.

Kibao yigeze kuba mu mutwe wa gisirikare ushinzwe ubutasi, yari umuyoboke w’ishyaka Chadema kuba mu 2008. Kumushyingura ni kuri uyu wa mbere mu karere ka Darigube mu mujyi wa Tanga.

Mohamed Ali Kibao yahoze ari umusirikare mukuru mu bashinzwe ubutasi. Ni umuyoboke wa Chadema kuva mu 2008

Iyicwa rye ryateje impagarara muri Tanzania, aho benshi barimo gusaba guverinoma kugira icyo ikora ku ishimutwa n’iyicwa ry’abantu ku maherere.

Mu kwezi gushize, abayobozi bakuru ba Chadema, Mr Mbowe na Tundu Lissu umwungirije, nabo batawe muri yombi ubwo bari bagiye gukoresha inama y’urubyiruko, ariko police yahise ibabuza, ivuga ko inama yari igamije guteza ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi.

Iyo modoka yangiritse cyane, ariko ku bw’amahirwe nta muntu wari uyitwaye, yewe nta n’uwo yituyeho nk’uko ababibonye babibwiye Kigali Today.

Nyiri iyo modoka ifite icyapa nimero RAG 606A, utashatse gushyirwa mu itangazamakuru, yavuze ko na we atabashije kumenya icyabiteye, kuko ngo yari ari mu kazi yumva baramuhamagaye bamubwira ko imodoka ye iguye munsi y’umukingo.

Yagize ati “Nanjye sinzi uko byagenze, kuko imodoka nayiparitse ari nzima mu gitondo, kandi nari nashyizemo feri y’ikiganza (hand break).

Impanuka yabaye ahagana mu ma saa sita n’igice kuri uyu wa Mbere tariki 09/09.2024.

Imodoka yaturutse muri iyo parikingi

Yamanutse muri ibyo byatsi

Yarenze uwo mukingo igwa mu muferege

Yangiritse cyane ariko nta muntu wari urimo, nta n’uwo yagwiriye

Perezida w’Ubushinwa Xi Jimping avuga ko ubufatanye bw’Abashinwa n’Abanyafurika buzazamura imibereho ku mpande zombi

Mu ijambo yavugiye mu nama ihuza Ubushinwa na Afurika (FOCAC) yatangiye kuri uyu wa Kane, Xi yavuze ko Ubushinwa buzaha ibihugu bya Afurika miliyari 360 z’ama yuan (miliyari 51 z’amadolari) muri gahunda nshya yo gutera inkunga no gushyigikira imishinga 30 y’ibikorwaremezo byo kuzamura itumanaho ku mugabane wose.

Ageza ijambo rye ku ntumwa ziturutse mu bihugu birenga 50 bya Afurika ziteraniye i Beijing mu nama, Xi yavuze ko muri izo miliyari 360 z’ama yuan, 210 (miliyari 29,6 z’amadolari) zizasaranganywa binyuze mu nguzanyo hanyuma izindi miliyari 70 (miliyari 9,9 z’amadolari) zishyirwe mu bikorwa by’ishoramari ry’ibigo bishya byo mu Bushinwa, andi make make ajye mu nkunga mu bya gisirikare n’indi mishinga.

Kuba iyo nkunga izatangwa mu mafaranga akoreshwa mu Bushinwa (yuan), ikigaragara bishobora kuba biri muri gahunda y’Ubushinwa yo kongerera imbaraga ifaranga ryabwo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Perezida w’u Bushinwa yasabye ko habaho umuyoboro uhuza Ubushinwa na Afurika ku butaka no mu nzira z’amazi, kandi hakabaho n’ihuzabikorwa mu iterambere.

Xi yagize ati “Twafatanyije kubaka imihanda, inzira za gari ya moshi, amashuri, amavuriro, ibyanya by’inganda n’amasoko yihariye y’ubukungu, kandi iyi mishinga yahinduye ubuzima bwa benshi."

Xi yakomeje agaragaza ko gushyira hamwe kw’Abashinwa n’Abanyafurika bishobora kugeza impande zombi ku bikorwa bishya byinshi kandi byihagazeho bikanihutisha ubukungu bw’ibihugu bikiri inyuma mu iterambere ry’inganda.

Nyuma y’umuhango wo gutangiza inama, intumwa z’ibihugu zemeje Ingamba za Beijing zo kubaka “ahazaza buri wese yibonamo mu bihe bishya” ndetse banemeza Gahunda y’Ibikorwa bya Beijing by’umwaka 2025-27, nk’uko byatangajwe na Xinhua, ibiro ntaramakuru by’Ubushinwa.

Beijing irimo kurushaho kwigaragaza mu buzima bwa Afurika mu gihe ibibazo by’ubukungu n’imibanire bikomeje kuba agatereranzamba hagati y’Ubushinwa n’ibihugu byo mu Burayi, harimo na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Na none kandi, gahunda y’Ubushinwa yo kwagura umubano n’imikoranire, ije mu gihe iki gihugu cya kabiri mu bukire ku isi kirimo kugenda kidohoka kubera ibibazo birimo icy’ubucye bw’imitungo kimaze igihe kirekire n’igabanuka ry’abaturage.

U Bushinwa ni bwo mufatanyabikorwa nyamukuru wa Afurika, kuko ¼ cy’ibyo uyu mugabane wohereza hanze, byiganjemo amabuye y’agaciro, ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ibyuma, byigira muri icyo gihugu cy’igihangange muri Asia.

U Bushinwa kandi ni bwo buguriza menshi ibihugu bya Afurika, aho bwatanze angana na miliyari 191 z’amadolari hagati ya 2006 na 2021.

Ubushinwa bwijeje Afurika imirimo mishya ibarirwa muri miliyoni

Mu mpera za 2021 Inama ihuza Ubushinwa na Afurika yabereye i Dakar, Sénégal, Ubushinwa bwageneye Afurika miliyari 10 z’amadolari mu ishoramari kandi na none binyuze mu nguzanyo.

Mu minsi itatu y’inama ya FOCAC2024, Abayobozi ba Afurika batangaje ko bashyize umukono ku masezerano atandukanye y’ubufatanye mu bikorwaremezo, ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi n’ingufu.

Mu yandi masezerano yagezweho, Perezida wa Kenya William Ruto yatangaje ko afite gahunda yo gukorana n’Ubushinwa mu kwagura inzira ya gari ya moshi ihuza umurwa mukuru Nairobi na Mombasa, n’umuhanda mugari.

Dufitumukiza Canut, murumuna w’umuhanzi Twagirayezu Cassien

Twagirayezu Cassien yavutse mu 1956 i Kaduha muri Komine Musange ahahoze ari muri Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamagabe. Yitabye Imana azize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku itariki 12 Mata 1994 aguye i Gikondo, Kigali aho yari atuye anakorera mu ruganda rwa SOCORWA rwakoraga imyenda.

Yicanywe n’izindi nshuti ze zarimo umuhanzi bakoranaga, baniganye i Gatagara (Gitarama) witwaga Gakuba Joseph wakoraga mu ruganda rw’amaradiyo ya Mera i Gikondo. Gakuba ni we waririmbye ‘Iribagiza’ aho agira ati ‘Nateze imodoka kuva mu gitondo none nayibuze…’
Twagirayezu Cassien yari mwene Rukebesha Athanase na Nyiramyasiro Cecilia nabo bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, n’abana babo batandatu barimo Cassien wari imfura mu bana icyenda, hasigara batatu barimo bucura witwa Dufitumukiza Canut.

Dufitumukiza yatubwiye ko Twagirayezu Cassien yize i Gatagara mu ishuri ry’abafite ubumuga, kuko akiri umwana yarwaye imbasa bikamuviramo kumugara ukuguru kw’imoso. Aho ni ho yigiye gucuranga hamwe na bagenzi be barimo Randeresi Landouard na Gakuba Joseph nabo bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu kiganiro Nyiringanzo na Bisangwa Nganji Benjamin, Dufitumukiza yatubwiye ko bimugora kuba yakwemeza ati indirimbo runaka mu za mukuru we ni yo nziza kurusha indi kuko ku bwe asanga zose ari nziza. Ariko avuga ko iyitwa ‘Muhoza wanjye’ na ‘Umuntu nyamuntu’ ari zo zabaye nk’ibirango bye nyamukuru haba mu bamumenye n’abataramumenye nubwo afite izindi nyinshi nziza.

By’umwihariko ku ndirimbo ‘Muhoza wanjye’, Dufitumukiza yabwiye KT Radio ko nta muhanzi n’umwe wigeze asaba uburenganzira bwo gusubiramo indirimbo za mukuru we. Uwo bavuzeho muri Nyiringanzo ni Cyusa Ibrahim wayisubiyemo akanayishyira kuri YouTube ariko ntiyandikaho ko ari iya Twagirayezu Cassien. Ibi Dufitumukiza akaba asanga ari amakosa agomba gukosorwa.

Dufitumukiza ati ‘Si ni iyo ndirimbo yonyine gusa, hari n’iz’abandi bahanzi basubiramo, ariko ibyo ni amakosa, ni ubukubaganyi…no mu by’ubwenge baguha zeru kuko uba wakopeye n’iyo wanditse igitabo ugafata igika runaka cy’undi muntu, hasi ugoma kwandikaho ko ari icya naka. Reka twizere ko hari igihe bazabikosora kuko ni amakosa’.

Abajijwe niba indirimbo ‘Muhoza wanjye’ yarayihimbiye umukobwa bakundanaga, Dufitumukiza yavuze ko atabizi neza, ariko ngo igitangaje ni uko ahubwo we (Dufitumukiza), yaje gushakana n’umukobwa witwa Umuhoza Christine, mu gihe uwari fiyanse wa Twagirayezu yitwaga Christine nubwo atibuka irinyarwanda rye gusa ngo ntiyitwaga Muhoza.

Kurikira ikiganiro cyose hano:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zx1KZ3tswGk&t=2s

Kugeza ubu u Bushinwa ni bwo mufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi wa Afurika mu bucuruzi. Imibare itangwa n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF), yerekana ko 1/5 cy’ibyo Afurika yohereza hanze bijya mu Bushinwa., bikaba byiganjemo ibyuma bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi, amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

Ibyo Afurika yohereza mu Bushinwa, nk’uko IMF ibivuga, bimaze kwikuba kane ushingiye ku madolari ya Amerika uhereye mu 2001. IMF kandi iremeza ko u Bushinwa kugeza ubu ari bwo buri ku mwanya wa mbere mu kohereza ibicuruzwa n’ibikoresho byinshi mu bihugu bya Afurika.

Hagati aho ariko umunzani w’ubucuruzi, mu nzego nyinshi uracyahengamiye ku Bushinwa ku buryo buhanitse. Iki kibazo kikaba kiri mu byo Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo Cyril Ramaphosa yaganiriyeho na Perezida Xi mu nama yabahuje.

Aganira na BBC, Perezida Ramaphosa yagize ati “turifuza kugabanya icyuho kigaragara mu bucuruzi kandi tukanoza imiterere y’ubucuruzi bwacu.”

Itangazo ryakurikiye inama ryavuze ko u Bushinwa nabo bwerekanye ko bufite ubushake bwo guhanga imirimo myinshi, binyuze mu gutegura inama zo gutanga akazi ku bigo by’ubucuruzi byo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo biteze imbere urwego rw’umurimo muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Ni mu gihe Kenya, yo yifuza kongererwa inguzanyo, nubwo isanzwe ifite umwenda utwara hafi 2/3 by’ibyo igihugu cyinjiza mu mwaka, ibi ndetse bikaba biherutse gutuma abaturage bajya mu mihanda nyuma y’uko guverinoma ya Kenya ishatse kongera imisoro kugira ngo izibe icyuho kiri mu ngengo y’imari.

Amakuru aturuka i Beijing aravuga ko Perezida Ruto yizeye kuhavana amafaranga yo gushyira mu mishinga y’ibikorwaremezo, harimo uwo gusoza umuhanda wa gari ya moshi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) ugomba guhuza icyambu cya Kenya na Uganda, ibikorwa byo kubaka imihanda n’ingomero, gushyiraho ubusitani bw’imiti n’uburyo bwo gutwara abantu hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu murwa mukuru, Nairobi.

Mbere y’uko inama ya FOCAC2024 itangira kuri uyu wa Gatatu tariki 04 Nzeri, u Rwanda n’u Bushinwa kuwa Kabiri tariki 03 Nzeri byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’imikoranire agamije gukomeza kwagura ubufatanye mu iterambere.

Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi w’u Rwanda, Yusufu Murangwa n’umuyobozi wungirije w’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Abashinwa gishinzwe Iterambere (CIDCA), Liu Junfeng.

Iyo nama ihuza Afurika n’u Bushinwa ibaye ku nshuro ya Cyenda, ikurikira iyabereye i Dakar muri Sénégal mu 2021.

Yezu / Yesu

Ku bemera Bibiliya Yera, Yezu Kirisitu cyangwa Yesu Kirisito, ni umunya Isiraheli wabayeho mu myaka hafi 2024 ishize. Ibyanditswe byera bikaba byemeza ko yabyawe na Bikiramariya mu buryo bwa roho mutagatifu (atagombye kubonana n’umugabo we Yozefu). Ibyanditswe byera bivuga ko ari umwana w’Imana wigize umuntu, akaza mu isi gacungura abantu, kugira ngo abamwemera bazabe mu bugingo buhoraho.

Ikiragano Gishya kivuga ko igihe Yezu yari agiye guca (gushiramo umwuka) ari ku musaraba, yavuze mu Giheburayo (Hebrew) agira ati “Elohai, lama ‘azavtani?“ (Dawe, kuki wantereranye?) nyuma y’uko Abaromani bari bamaze kumushinyagurira, bakamubamba ku musaraba bamuhora ko yavugaga ko ari umwana w’Imana, akaba n’umwami w’abami.

Rugamba Cyprien

Umuhanzi Rugamba Cyprien wishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ni we washinze umuryango Communauté de l’Emmanuel mu Rwanda wigisha abantu kubana mu rukundo rw’Imana by’umwihariko abashakanye.

Rugamba Cyprien bakundaga kwita Sipiriyani, yicanywe n’uwo bashakanye Rugamba Daphrose n’abana barindwi harokoka babiri Rugamba Olivier na Rugamba Dorcy.

Mu kiganiro yigeze kugirana na Radio-TV 1O, Olivier yavuze ko mu gitondo cya tariki 06 Mata 1994, baraye bari bwicwe, ise yamuhamagaye kuri telefone kuko we (Olivier) yari i Butare, abandi bari mu rugo i Kigali, hanyuma aramubwira ati “Olivier, urabeho, mu buzima uzabe umugabo kandi uziragize Imana muri byose.” Aya magmbo akaba ari yo ya nyuma Olivier yumvanye se, kuko bwakeye babica ku itariki 07 Mata 1994.

Rugamba Olivier anemeza ko ubwo abicanyi bajyaga kwica ababyeyi n’abavandimwe be, Rugamba Cyprien ngo yari yaraye asohoye indirimbo ‘Nzataha Yeruzalemu Nshya’, nayo ikaba ifatwa nk’interuro ye ya nyuma mbere yo kwicwa.

Buddha

Buddha, ubusanzwe amazina ye nyayo ni Siddhartha Gautama, umwarimu wabaga mu Majyepfo ya Asia, waranzwe no kuzenguruka amahanga yigisha ijambo ry’Imana n’urukundo ahagana mu kinyejana cya 5 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu.

Mu kiganirompaka cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikinyamakuru Quora, abantu batandukanye bahuriza ku magambo bivugwa ko Buddha yabwiye intumwa ze mbere yo kwitaba Imana.
Buddha ngo yaragize ati ”All component things in the world are changeable” (Ibintu byose biri kuri iyi si birahinduka).

Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II yabaye Umwamikazi w’u Bwongereza kuva mu 1952 kugeza mu 2022. Yitabye Imana afite imyaka 96 azize iza bukuru.

Ikinyamakuru The Evening Standard cyemeza ko hasigaye iminsi ibiri ngo atange, Liz Truss wari Minisitiri w’Intebe yagiye kumusura mu rugo rwe Balmoral Castle kuwa 06 Nzeri 2022, maze agiye kumusezerano Elizabeth II aramwongorera ati “I’ll see you next week” (Tuzabonana mu cyumweru gitaha), ariko hashize iminsi ibiri kuwa 08 Nzeri aratanga ku myaka 96.

Paul Walker

Paul Walker yari umukinnyi wa filimi muri Hollywood, USA akaba yarakundaga n’umukino wo gusiganwa. Imwe muri filimi yamenyekanyemo cyane ni iyitwa Fast and Furious.

Mu Gushingo 2013, ubwo yari mu gikorwa cyo gukusanya inkunga yo gufata mu mugongo abasizwe iheruheru n’inkubi y’umuyaga izwi nka Yolanda mu Mujyi wa Santa Clarita muri Los Angeles, Paul Walker yasabye inshuti ye Roger Rodas ngo bajyane kugerageza imodoka ye nshya yo mu bwoko bwa Porsche Carrera GT izwiho kwihuta cyane.

Ikinyamakuru Daily Star ni kimwe mu byaganiriye na Paul Walker na Roger Rodas mbere y’uko imodoka ihaguruka. Walker ngo yabwiye Rodas ati “Hey, let’s go for a drive” (Ngwino dutware imodoka), ubundi bayihata umuriro ku muvuduko wa km100 mu isaha, ariko bombi ntibagarutse kuko bagonze itara ryo ku muhanda imodoka irangirika cyane, ku buryo kumenya imibiri yabo byari bigoye.

Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin yari umukinnyi wa filimi w’Umwongereza wasetsaga cyane muri filimi zitavuga ahagana mu 1960. Mu Rwanda bakundaga kumwita shariro, bamwe ndetse bari bazi ko ari Umufaransa kubera ko filimi ze zerekanwaga mu nzu ndangamuco y’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa (Centre Culturel Franco-Rwandais) ahagana mu 1980.

Charlie Chaplin yitabye Imana mu 1977 afite imyaka 88 azize indwara y’umutima. Ubwo yari atarashiramo umwuka, amakuru avuga ko umupadiri wari waje kumuha umugisha wa nyuma akimara kumubwira ngo Nyagasani ababarire roho yawe, Charlie yahise amusubiza ati “Why not? After all it belongs to Him!” (Cyane rwose, ubundi se si iye?)

John Lennon

John Lennon yari umuhanzi w’Umwongereza wamamaye mu itsinda ry’aba Beatles ryabayeho mu 1960 - 1970. Lennon yapfuye arasiwe mu mujyi wa Dakota, New York muri USA ageze imbere y’aho we n’umugore we bari bacumbitse mu 1980.

Umushoferi wa tagisi wari hafi y’aho yarasiwe, yabwiye itangazamakuru ko mbere yo kwitura hasi, Lennon ngo yatatse agira ati “I’m shot!” (Ndarashwe!) bamugejeje kwa muganga ahita ashiramo umwuka.

Kimwe mu bintu byatumye Lennon avugwa cyane, ni amagambo yavuze muri Werurwe 1966 aganira n’ikinyamakuru The Evening Standard cyo mu Bwongereza bitegura kujya mu bitaramo muri Amerika. Icyo gihe yaragize ati “More popular than Jeusu”, ashaka kumvikanisha ko aba Beatles ari ibyamamare kurusha Yezu.

Ayo magambo yababaje imiryango myinshi ishingiye ku myemerere ya gikirisitu muri USA, ndetse biviramo Beatles kubura abafana indirimbo zabo zicibwa ku maradio no kuri za televiziyo zitandukanye.

John Lennon yaje gusaba imbabazi, hanyuma asezera mu ba Beatles mu 1969, itsinda risenyuka 1970, akomeza wenyine kugeza mu 1980 ari bwo yicwaga arashwe, urupfu rwe rukavugisha benshi bibaza niba atari igihano cy’Imana kubera gupfobya Yezu.

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler ni Umudage wamamaye mu buryo bubi kubera ubugome ndengakamere bwamuranze mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose (1939-1945), ubwo leta n’igisirikare cye cy’abanazi bicaga Abayahudi barenga miliyoni eshashatu mu gihe cy’imyaka itandatu.
Amaze gutsindwa n’ingabo z’Abasoviyete (Soviet), amakuru ahari kugeza ubu avuga ko Hitler n’umugore we Eva biyahuriye mu nzu y’umutamenwa yo mu butaka izwi nka Führerbunker i Berlin mu murwa mukuru w’u Budage.

Umusirikare wari ushinzwe isuku ya Hitler witwa Heinz Linge wari kumwe nabo, ni we watanze amakuru y’uko Hitler yiyahuye hamwe n’umugore birashe, ariko yabanje kumusaba gutwika imirambo yabo kugira ngo itazabonwa n’abanzi be.

Mbere yo kwiyahura, Linge ngo yabajije Hitler uwo yumva wazamusimbura mu gukomeza urugamba rwe rwo gushimangira amahame ya gisosiyalisite (politike igena ko ibikorwa by’ubukungu bigenzurwa na rubanda), maze aramusubiza ati “Für den Mann der kommt nach mir.” Mu Cyongereza ni: “For the man who comes after me” (Ku bw’umugabo uzaza nyuma yanjye).

Juvénal Habyarimana

Nyuma yo gukuraho no kwica Kayibanda mu 1973, Habyarimana wari umusirikare ku ipeti rya Général Major, yahise asenya ishyaka MDR-PARMEHUTU rya Kayibanda, ashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Dévelopment (MRND) yari abereye umuyobozi, igihugu gikomeza gutegekwa n’ishyaka rimwe kugeza mu 1991.

Nyuma y’imyaka hafi 20 MRND ari yo yica igakiza ku butegetsi bw’igitugu n’ubugizi bwa nabi byakorerwaga abatavuga rumwe nawe by’umwihariko Abatutsi, Habyarimana yemeye kugarura politike y’amashyaka menshi kubera impinduka zatewe n’intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda yatangijwe na FPR-Inkotanyi, n’abandi banyapolitike bakaboneraho kubyutsa umutwe.

Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwaranzwe n’igitugu cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru by’umwihariko abinyujije mu gatsiko ka bene wabo bo mu majyaruguru, bafatanyije mu mugambi wo guheza impunzi z’Abatutsi hanze no gukomeza kugirira nabi abasigaye mu gihugu.

Muri rusange politike ya Habyarimana ntaho yari itaniye n’iya Kayibanda, kuko zombi zari zubakiye ku kubiba urwango mu Banyarwanda, gushishikariza no gutoza Abahutu kwanga abanyagihugu bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi; babahora ko Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi warwanyaga MRND, watangijwe n’Abatutsi bahunze ubugizi bwa nabi bwo mu 1959 n’ihirikwa ry’ingoma ya cyami.

Ibyo byose Habyarimana yabijyanishaga n’irondakarere ryari rishingiye ahanini ku gutonesha abo bakomokaga hamwe (mu majyaruguru), biza no kurenga urwango yari afitiye Abatutsi, atangira no gukandamiza Abahutu bo mu majyepfo kwa Grégoire Kayibanda. Byari nk’uburyo bwo kumwihimuraho kuko nawe (Kayibanda) ubutegetsi bwe bwaranzwe no gutonesha abo mu majyepfo ari nabyo byatumye Habyarimana amuhirika aranamwica.

Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi mu 1973, Abatutsi bari barahunze ubwicanyi bwo mu 1959 no mu myaka yakurikiyeho, bakomeje kumusaba kubareka bakagaruka mu rwababyaye, ariko aranangira avuga ko u Rwanda rumeze nk’ikirahure cyuzuyemo amazi, ko uramutse usutsemo andi yameneka.

Ibyo ariko byari amaco yo gukomeza politike y’ivangura kimwe na Kayibanda, ari nabyo byatumye Abatutsi bari mu buhungiro bashyiraho umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi (1987) biha intego yo kubohora igihugu no gucyura impunzi bakoresheje imbaraga za gisirikare.
Urugamba rwatangiye mu Kwakira 1990, hanyuma mu 1991-1992 Habyarimana amaze kubona ko ibintu bitamworoheye, yemera kugarura politike y’amashyaka menshi ariko akomeza no gushyira imbaraga mu bikorwa byo kumvisha Abahutu ko Abatutsi ari bo banzi b’igihugu.

Icyo gihe bamwe mu Bahutu bo mu yandi mashyaka yamurwanyaga, batangiye kugenda bamugarukira, ni ko gushyiraho icyo bise Hutu Power, kurimbura Abatutsi bari imbere mu Rwanda bigirwa umushinga ku rwego rw’igihugu. Hagati aho ariko urugamba rwa FPR-Inkoyanyi narwo rwari rurimbanyije.

Mu ijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994, Habyarimana avuye gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha, Tanzania yo gusangira ubutegetsi n’amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe nawe harimo na FPR, indege ye yarashweho igisasu ageze mu kirere cy’u Rwanda, apfana na Perezida w’u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira wari wamuherekeje.

Iyicwa rya Habyarimana ryahise rikurikirwa no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa jenoside wari umaze igihe kinini utegurwa n’intagondwa z’Abahutu batari bashyigikiye Amasezerano ya Arusha no kubona impunzi zitahuka, ni ko gutangira Jenoside yo kurimbura Abatutsi, ihitana abarenga miliyoni imwe mu minsi ijana gusa.

Théodore Sindikubwabo

Habyarimana amaze kwicwa ku myaka 57, yasimbuwe na Théodore Sindikubwabo wari perezida w’inteko ishinga amategeko ashyiraho guverinoma yiyise iy’abatabazi yari yuzuyemo abateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Iyo guverinoma ariko ntiyamaze kabiri, kuko yategetse kuva ku itariki 7 Mata kugeza kuri 04 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo FPR-Inkotanyi yatsindaga urugamba, benshi bagahungira mu cyahoze ari Zaire (Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo), abandi bakajya mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika no ku yindi migabane.

Sindikubwabo nubwo yategetse igihe kitagera ku mezi ane, ni umwe mu batumye Jenoside yitabirwa cyane, kuko amaze gusimbura Habyarimana nka perezida w’agateganyo, yahise abwira Abahutu bose muri rusange ko nta numwe ugomba kwigira ntibindeba, ko bagomba kwishyira hamwe bagatsemba Abatutsi, avuga ko ari bo bishe Habyarimana.

Nawe ariko ntiyamaze kabiri, kuko yaje gupfira mu buhungiro i Bukavu (Zaire) mu 1998 azize uburwayi ku myaka 70. Uwari minisitiri we w’intebe Jean Kambanda yatawe muri yombi mu 1997 i Nairobi muri Kenya, ashyikirizwa urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga (TPIR), ubu akaba afungiye muri Mali nyuma yo kwemera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu.

Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi umaze guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, wagaruye ituze ushyiraho Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho, iyoborwa na Pasteur Bizimungu wari Perezida wa FPR, yungirizwa na Maj General Paul Kagame wari urangije urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, ahita aba na minisitiri w’ingabo.

Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yagiyemo n’abo mu yandi mashyaka ya politike nk’uko byateganywaga n’Amasezerano ya Arusha Habyarimana yitaga ibipapuro. Ni bwo Faustin Twagiramungu yagizwe minisitiri w’intebe watanzwe n’ishyaka MDR ritari rikitwa PARMEHUTU kubera amateka mabi yariranze ku butegetsi bwa Kayibanda.

Mu gice gikurikira, tuzabagezaho incamake kuri Pasteur Bizimungu wayoboye inzibacyuho mu gihe cy’imyaka ine, akavaho yeguye mu 2000, u Rwanda rugategura amatora ya mbere ya nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ni amatora yegukanywe na Paul Kagame wahise aba Perezida wa gatandatu uhereye kuri Mbonyumutwa (w’agateganyo), Kayibanda (repubulika ya mbere), Habyarimana (repubulika ya gatatu), Sindikubwabo (w’agateganyo), Bizimungu (w’inzibacyuho), bityo u Rwanda rwinjira muri Repubulika ya gatatu binyuze mu matora ya demukarasi.

Umunya Kenya Collins Jumaisi Khalusha ushinjwa kwica abagore 42 barimo n’uwo bashakanye

Muri Nyakanga, polisi ya Kenya yavuze ko Collins Jumaisi Khalusha yiyemereye ko guhera mu 2022 yishe abagore 42, barimo n’umugore we.

Uwunganira Khalusha mu metegeko yarabihakanye, avuga ko umukiliya we yakorewe iyicarubozo ngo akunde yemera ibyo ashinjwa. Yari amaze iminsi afungiwe kuri sitasiyo ya polisi kuva yatabwa muri yombi muri Nyakanga, ariko kuri uyu wa Kabiri abayobozi bavuze ko Khalusha n’abandi bafungwa 12 batorotse uburoko babanje gutoroba igisenge ubundi bakurira uruzitiro rwa gereza.

Raporo ya polisi iravuga ko basanze hari abafungwa baburiwe irengero kuri uyu wa Kabiri guhera 05:00 ku isaha yo muri Kenya, ni ukuvuga (03:00 GMT) ubwo abapolisi bari babashyiriye ifunguro rya mu gitondo.

Polisi ya Kenya yavuze ko abantu 12 batorokanye na Khalusha ari abanya Eritrea bari baratawe muri yombi kubera kwinjira mu gihugu ku buryo butemewe.

Khalusha w’imyaka 33, yatawe muri yombi nyuma yo kuvumbura imibiri icyenda yashenjaguritse yari iri mu rwobo rudakoreshwa ruri mu murwa mukuru Nairobi.

Abishwe bari bafite hagati y’imyaka 18 na 30, kandi bose bishwe mu buryo bumwe nk’uko polisi yabitangarije BBC.

Ubwo bwicanyi bwaciye igikuba muri Kenya, benshi bakibaza ukuntu abantu 42 bishwe mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri polisi itarabasha kubimenya, bikaba ndetse bitumvikana ukuntu abapolisi batabashije kumenya ko imirambo yazanwaga mu cyobo kiri muri metero zitarenze 100 uvuye kuri sitasiyo ya polisi.

Urwego rushinzwe ubugenzuzu mu gipolisi cya Kenya bwatangiye gukora iperereza kugira ngo hamenyekane niba nta bapolisi bafite aho bahuriye n’ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere, nyuma y’uko havuzwe amakuru ashinja polisi guta abantu muri yombi mu buryo butemewe no kubashimuta.

Kugeza ubu polisi ntirashyira ahagaragara ibyavuye mu iperereza.

Itsinda ririmo gushakisha abarahomye ryavuze ko ririmo guhura n’inzitizi nyinshi kubera ibyuma n’imbaho byashwanyutse bigatuma batabasha kugera mu byumba by’ubwato, kandi ngo birabasaba iminota 10 gusa yo gushakisha abantu mbere yo kongera kuzamuka imusozi.

Abantu 10 kugeza ubu ntibarabonerwa irengero, barimo Jonathan Bloomer, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Banki Mpuzamahanga yitwa Morgan Stanley International, umugore we Judy, n’umuherwe w’Umwongereza witwa Mike Lynch umwe mu bashinze ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga kitwa Autonomy, cyaguzwe na sosiyete ya Hewlett Packard.

Mu bantu 22 bari bari muri ubwo bwato bwitwa Bayesian, 15 ni bo barohowe ari bazima, batandatu ntibaraboneka, hamaze kuboneka umurambo umwe batarabasha kumenya uwo ari we, ariko abashinzwe umutekano wo ku nkombe z’inyanja mu mujyi wa Palermo bavuze ko ari uw’umutetsi wo muri ubwo bwato.

Hagati aho hari andi makuru avuga ko uwitwa Stephen Chamberlain, mugenzi wa Mike Lynch bari bafatanyije mu rubanza barimo kwisobanuramo, yitabye Imana kuwa Gatandatu w’icyumweru gishize azize impanuka yo mu muhanda.

Mike Lynch, umuherwe w’Umwongereza waburiwe irengero mu mpanuka y’ubwato yabereye hafi y’umujyi wa Sicily kuri uyu wa mbere

Ubwo bwato bureshya na metero 56 z’umurambararo bwari butwaye abantu 22, abakozi bo mu bwato 10 n’abagenzi 12 barimo Abongereza, Abanyamerika n’Abanyakanada. Ibikorwa by’ubutabazi byabashije kurokora 15 barimo akana k’agakobwa k’Akongereza gafite umwaka umwe, n’umugore wa Mike Lynch uri mu barohowe mu ba mbere

Ibitangazamakuru byo mu mujyi wa Sicily byanditse ko ubwo bwato bwitwaga Bayesian, bwarohamye nyuma yo guhura n’inkubi y’umuyaga myinshi cyane mu ijoro ryo ku Cyumweru yazamuraga amazi menshi cyane akisuka mu bwato aherekejwe na za serwakira zo mu mazi zizwi nk’amasata.

Ubwato bwarohamye butwaye abantu 22, mu gihe 15 ari bo bamaze gutabarwa kugeza ubu

Umuherwe Mike Lynch, bamwe bakunze kwita ’Bill Gates w’Umwongereza’, ni umwe mu bashinze ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga Autonomy, cyaje kugurwa nyuma na Hewlett-Packard, igihangange mu ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa kuri miliyari 11 z’amadolari y’Amerika.

Perezida Kagame ati “Ntabwo ari ukwirukanwa, iyo ari ukwirukanwa na byo birakorwa kuko hari abo umuntu yirukana baba bakoze amakosa bigatuma birukanwa. Njye nabyita guhindurirwa imirimo. Ubwo igihe cyabo nikigera iyo mirimo izagaragara.”

Nyuma yo kwakira indahiro z’abagize Guverinoma nshya, Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame, yanabagiriye inama ababwira ko kuva muri manda imwe bajya mu yindi atari nka kwakundi umuntu akanda azimya cyangwa yatsa.

Perezida Kagame yagize ati “Iteka iyo impinduka nk’izi zibaye, ni ukuvuga ngo manda imwe irangiye tugiye mu yindi, narabivuze ubushize muri iyi nteko na none twakira abadepite, ntabwo ari switch off switch on business as usual. Ntabwo ari byo. Njye uko mbyumva, ni ukuvuga ngo hari ibyo twakoze ubushize byagenze neza, hari ibitarageze neza, byose tubishyira hamwe ukabisuzuma ukavuga ngo noneho ubu tugiye gukora iki? Dute? Ku buryo twarushaho gukora neza.”

Guverinoma nshya yinjiyemo amaraso mashya, kuko muri 21 harimo batatu batari basanzwemo, barimo uw’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo, Ambasaderi Christine Nkulikiyinka, Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, Prudence Sebahizi na Minisitiri wa Siporo, Richard Nyirishema.

Abaminisitiri batagarutse muri guverinoma nshya ni Mimosa Aurore Munyangaju wari Minisitre wa Siporo, na Dr. Jean Chrysostome Ngabitsinze wayoboraga Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’inganda

Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere RGB narwo rwahawe umuyobozi mushya ari we Dr Doris Uwicyeza Picard nawe umaze kurahira mu kanya kashize.

Alain Delon mu mwuga wa filimi yafatwaga nk’umugabo mwiza kuruta abandi mu myaka ye y’ubusore

Nyakwigendera Delon yari amaze iminsi afite ibibazo by’ubuzima ku buryo atari akigaragara mu ruhame. Mu cyumweru gishize, agahinda n’icyuho byatejwe n’uyu mugabo mu gihe yari amaze atagaragara byavuzweho cyane mu binyamakuru byo mu Bufaransa.

Brigitte Bardot bakinanye muri filimi nyinshi, ku Cyumweru yavuze ko urupfu rwa Delon rusize icyuho kitazabona umuntu cyangwa icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora kukiziba.

Mu myaka ye y’ubusore, Delon yafatwaga nk’umugabo mwiza cyane kuruta abandi muri filimi; yatangiye kugaragara muri uwo mwuga ahagana mu 1960, ahereye ku yamenyekanye cyane yitwa Le Léopard mu 1963.

Alain Delon yigaruriraga imitima y’abakunzi be kubera icyo yabaga yahawe gukinamo icyo ari cyo cyose, uhereye ku mwicanyi kugeza ku muntu w’umwambuzi ukoresha akarimi gasize amavuta, aka ya ndirimbo ya nyakwigendera Mwitenawe Augustin ivuga iti "Umugabo w’umwambuzi burya asa n’uwamize urusoni, akenyeye ukuri yiteye uburyarya iyo yakwitumye".

Guhera mu myaka ya za 90, ntiyongeye kugaragara kenshi muri filimi ariko yakomeje kuguma mu ruhando rw’ibyamamare by’ibihe byose.

Alain Delon yari atakigaragara mu mwuga guhera mu myaka ya za 90

Alain Delon witabye Imana azize izabukuru ku myaka 88, yakinnye muri filimi zibarirwa muri 90 mu gihe cyose yamaze muri uwo mwuga.

Perezida w’u Bufaransa Emmanuel Macron ni umwe mu bunamiye Alain Delon, avuga ko yakinnye muri filimi zakahanyujije zatumye isi yose yibera mu nzozi.

Mu butumwa yanditse kuri X, Perezida Macron yagize ati "Urukumbuzi, ikimenyabose, umuntu w’ibanga cyane, yari arenze kuba icyamamare: Yari ishusho y’u Bufaransa."

Usibye gukina filimi, Alain Delon yanafatanyije n’umuhanzikazi Dalida mu ndirimbo yitwa Paroles, aho yumvikanamo mu kijwi kinini asa n’uganira.

Mu Burayi havuguruwe ingamba zo guhashya no gukumira icyorezo cya Mpox

Ikigo cyo mu Burayi gishinzwe Gukumira Indwara z’Ibyorezo (ECDC) cyavuguruye ingamba zacyo zigamije gukumira no guhashya ubwandu bushya bw’agakoko gatera ubushita bw’inkende. Indi migabane, irimo n’Uburayi, nayo yaburiwe ko ishobora kuba yagezwemo n’ubwandu bushya.

Ikigo ECDC kiravuga ko gukwirakwizwa k’ubwo bwandu bushya birimo kugenda gahoro, nubwo Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye OMS/WHO riherutse gutangaza ko ubushita bw’inkende (Mpox) bwateye buri ku rwego rw’icyorezo mpuzamahanga.

Icyo cyorezo cyari gisanzwe kizwi nka monkeypox (ubushita bw’inkende) ubu noneho gishobora kwandurira hagati y’umuntu n’undi igihe begeranye harimo uwanduye.

Abakingiwe ubushita bwa Mpox mu minsi ishize bashobora guhabwa urukiko rumwe gusa aho kuba ebyiri nk’uko byemezwa na OMS.

Ubusanzwe abamaze kwikingiza ubushita basabwa kongera gufata izindi nkingo byibuze buri myaka ibiri cyangwa 10, gihe umuntu ari ahashobora gutuma yandura ku buryo bworoshye.

Ubushita bw’inkende (Mpox) bumaze guhitana abantu babarirwa muri 450 muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo mu mezi make ashize, biturutse ku bwandu bushya bwitwa 1b.

Abayoboye u Rwanda kuva mbere na nyuma y’ubwigenge 1961 - 2024

Uwa mbere ni Dominique Mbonyumutwa wabaye perezida wa mbere w’u Rwanda w’agateganyo (Mutarama – Ukwakira 1961), na Grégoire Kayibanda wategetse repubulika ya mbere guhera (Ukwakira 1961- Nyakanga 1973).

1. Dominique Mbonyumutwa

Dominique Mbonyumutwa yari umurwanashyaka wa MDR-PARMEHUTU, rimwe mu mashyaka ya politike yabayeho nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa cyami, ku ngoma ya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (Nyakanga 1959 – Mutarama 1961) asimbuye mukuru we Mutara III Rudahigwa waguye mu Burundi kuya 25 Nyakanga 1959.

Mbonyumutwa wavukiye i Gitarama mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda muri Mutarama 1921 akitaba Imana azize uburwayi muri Nyakanga 1986, ni we wabaye perezida wa mbere w’agateganyo kuva muri Mutarama kugeza mu Kwakira 1961, mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho yabayeho hagati y’ihirikwa ry’ubwami, impinduramatwara, n’ubwigenge.

Nyuma y’amatora yo mu Kwakira 1961, Mbonyumutwa yasimbuwe na Grégoire Kayibanda wari perezida wa MDR-PARMEHUTU, ashingwa ubuyobozi kugeza ku itariki 1 Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge, ari bwo Kayibanda yabaye perezida wa repubulika ya mbere (1962-1973).

Mbere y’uko Mbonyumutwa agirwa perezida w’agateganyo mu 1961; yari umu sous-chef ku ngoma ya Kigeli V, umwanya twagereranya n’umuyobozi w’akarere muri iki gihe.

Intandaro y’impinduramatwara yo mu 1959 nk’uko amateka abivuga, ni amakuru atarigeze abonerwa gihamya, avuga ko ku itariki 1 Ugushyingo 1959 ngo Mbonyumutwa yakubitiwe urushyi mu Byimana (Gitarama) n’abasore bari bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa Cyami, ngo bigatuma Abahutu batangira kwivumbagatanya, ni ko kwadukira abanyagihugu bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi, barabamenesha, barabatwikira, barabica, abasaga ibihumbi 330 bagahunga igihugu.

Icyo gihe Umwami Kigeli V yasabye uwari guverineri w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi Jean Paul Harroy ngo amufashe guhosha ubwo bugizi bwa nabi, aramwamwangira, hanyuma Kigeli afata icyemezo cyo kujya i Kinshasa muri Zaire (RDC y’ubu) kureba uwari Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Dag Hammarskjold kumusaba ngo agire icyo akora ariko biba iby’ubusa, kuko n’ubundi Ababiligi bari bamaze gufata icyemezo cyo gukuraho ubwami, Kigeli ntiyabasha kugaruka mu gihugu nawe ahinduka impunzi atyo.

Mbonyumutwa yatorewe kuyobora igihugu by’agateganyo kuwa 28 Mutarama 1961 kugeza kuri kamarampaka yo kuwa 25 Nzeri 1961 bitegetswe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye washakaga ko Abanyarwanda bahitamo hagati y’Ubwami na Repubulika. Nyuma ya Kamarampaka Mbonyumutwa yahise yegura asimburwa na Grégoire Kayibanda kuwa 26 Ukwakira 1961, Kayibanda aba Perezida wa Repubulika ya mbere.

Dominique Mbonyumutwa (Mutarama - Ukwakira 1961)

Dominique Mbonyumutwa wavutse muri Mutarama 1921, mu bihe bitandukanye yabaye umucamanza, minisitiri w’intebe, aba n’umudepite ku butegetsi bwa Kayibanda ariko aza gushwana na shebuka yirukanwa muri politike.

Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi mu 1973, yamugize umuyobozi w’icyubahiro wari ushinzwe ibihembo bitangwa na perezida ku bagiriye igihugu akamaro (National Orders). Uwo mwanya Mbonyumutwa yawubayemo kugeza yitabye Imana aguye mu Bubiligi azize uburwayi tariki 26 Nyakanga 1986.

Bamwe mu bamukomokaho bari mu buhungiro mu Bubiligi, aho bafite ibikorwa bigendera ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no gutanya Abanyarwanda babinyujije mu cyo bise Jambo ASBL, ishyirahamwe ryashinzwe n’abana bakomoka ku bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu bashinze iryo shyirahamwe, harimo n’abuzukuru ba Dominique Mbonyumutwa, bene Shingiro Mbonyumutwa washakishwaga n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga ngo aryozwe uruhare yagize muri Jenoside ariko agapfa adatawe muri yombi, kuko yaguye mu buhungiro mu Bubiligi ku itariki 22 Gashyantare 2022 nawe azize uburwayi.

Dominique Mbonyumutwa yabyaye abahungu batatu n’abakobwa bane. Habanza Shingiro Mbonyumutwa, Marie-Claire Mukamugema, Félicitée Musanganire, Perpétue Muramutse, Thomas Kigufi, Joseph Kimenyi na Bernadette Nyiratunga.

Tom Ndahiro, umushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda akaba n’impuguke mu itangazamakuru, mu kiganiro yagiranye na Igihe.com mu 2018, yavuze ko abana ba Mbonyumutwa hafi ya bose bagize uruhare muri Jenoside usibye babiri gusa barimo umwe atazi ibye neza.

Tom Ndahiro yaragize ati «Muri abo bana ba Mbonyumutwa uko ari barindwi, uretse babiri, Joseph Kimenyi na Bernadette Nyiratunga (ntazi neza ibye), abasigaye bose bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi»

Inkuru iri kuri Bwiza.com nayo ivuga ko Shingiro Mbonyumutwa yabaye umuyobozi w’ibiro by’uwari minisitiri w’intebe Kambanda Jean muri guverinoma yiyise iy’abatabazi yari iyobowe na Théodore Sindikubwabo mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Kimwe mu bikorwa bibi Shingiro yibukirwaho mbere y’uko jenoside itangira, ku itariki 21 Mutarama 1994 yumvikanye kuri Radio Rwanda, ashishikariza Abahutu gutsemba Abatutsi ngo batarabatanga.

Mu nkuru icukumbuye ikinyamakuru Bwiza.com cyashyize ahagaragara kuwa 23 Gashyantare 2022, cyanditse kivuga ko mu majwi yabitswe akanifashishwa mu nyandiko zitandukanye zivuga kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yumvikanamo Shingiro agira ati “Ngaho nimutekereze bariya Batutsi baturutse hanze nibatangira kwihorera ku Bahutu babahejeje mu mahanga mu myaka 30 ishize! Ndababwiza ukuri, ikibazo cy’Abahutu mu Rwanda kizahita gikemuka vuba cyane. Ni ugutsembatsemba, bagatsembatsemba, bagatsembatsemba kugeza basigaye bonyine muri iki gihugu. Mureke rero ntihagire n’umwe ucika intege.”

Urukiko Gacaca rwari rwaramuhamije ibyaha bya jenoside, rumukatira igifungo cy’imyaka 25 ari mu bungiro.

2. Grégoire Kayibanda

Grégoire Kayibanda ni umwe mu bashinze ishyaka PARMEHUTU (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu) ryaje guhindura inyito ryongeraho MDR-PARMEHUTU (Mouvement Démocratique Républicain) nyuma y’uko abarwanashyaka baryo bari bamaze gucengerwa na politike ya mbatanye-mbayobore y’abakoroni b’Ababiligi yashyizeo Abahutu kwanga ingoma ya cyami bakayoboka inzira ya repubulika.

Ni ko byaje kugenda rero, Kayibanda amaze gusimbura Mbonyumutwa wavuyeho yeguye muri Nzeri 1961, Kayibanda yahise atorerwa kuyobora igihugu kuwa 26 Ukwakira 1961, u Rwanda rutangira gutegekwa n’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MDR-PARMEHUTU, andi yose byari byaraboneye izuba mu gihe kimwe, aseswa burundu mu 1965.

Mu mashyaka yasheshwe, ayari akomeye ni UNAR: (Union Nationale Rwandaise) RADER: (Rassemblement Démocratique Rwandais). APROSOMA: (Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse).

Grégoire Kayibanda (Ukwakira 1961 - Nyakanga 1973)

Kayibanda amaze gushyirwa ku buyobozi n’ingufu na politike by’abakoloni b’ababiligi, u Rwanda rwahawe ubwigenge n’Ububiligi ku itariki 01 Nyakanga 1962, rukomeza kuyoborwa n’ishyaka rimwe rya MDR-PARMEHUTU kugeza ku itariki 05 Nyakanga 1973.

Muri uwo mwaka ni bwo Kayibanda yahiritswe ku butegetsi n’uwari minisitiri w’ingabo, Juvénal Habyarimana, hanyuma apfa yishwe mu 1976 aguye mu nzu y’ibanga yari afungiwemo n’umugore we hafi y’iKabgayi.

Amakuru ahari avuga ko Kayibanda n’umugore we bicishijwe inzara ku itegeko rya Habyarimana, wari umaze kurambirwa irondakarere ryarangwaga mu butegetsi bwa Kayibanda, kuko muri guverinoma ye hari hinganjemo Abahutu bo mu majyepfo, by’umwihariko ab’i Gitarama aho Kayibanda avuka.

Ibyo rero ntabwo byakomeje kwihanganirwa n’Abahutu bo mu majyaruguru cyane cyane ab’i Gisenyi kwa Habyarimana ari nabo bari benshi mu basirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’igihugu zashyizweho n’abakoloni.

Juvénal Habyarimana amaze guhirika Kayibanda, nawe yahise ashinga ishyaka rya MRND (Movement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement) rihigika MDR-PARMEHUTU, bityo MRND ikomeza kuyobora igihugu nk’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi kugeza mu 1991. Muri uwo mwaka nibwo mu Rwanda hongeye kuvuka amashyaka ya politike bitewe n’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwatangijwe n’umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi washinzwe mu 1987.

Uwo muryango washinzwe n’Abatutsi bahunze ubwicanyi bwo mu 1959 na nyuma ku butegetsi bwa Kayibanda (1962-1973), ariko nyuma waje kwakira n’abayoboke b’Abahutu barimo n’abahoze mu buyobozi no mu ngabo ku bwa Habyarimana kuko yaje gukora amakosa nk’aya Kayibanda, nawe agashyira imbere irondamoko n’uturere haba mu ngabo, muri guverinoma mu bigo bya leta kugeza no mu mashuri.

MSF iremeza ko ubushita bw’inkende (mpox) bumaze guhitana 654 muri RDC

MSF ivuga ko kuva iki cyorezo gitangiye kugaragara muri RDC mu 2023, umubare w’abanduye ubushita bw’inkende wikubye gatatu ugera ku bantu 14,600, mu gihe 654 ari bo bamaze kwicwa na mpox (monkey pox).

Ishyirahamwe MSF rikomeza rivuga ko mu Ntara 23 zo muri RDC, hamaze kubarurwa abantu barenga 12,300 barwaye ubushita bw’inkende, bahwanye na 80 % bagaragaye mu mezi 12 gusa mu 2023.

Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo ni yo yibasiwe cyane nk’uko byemezwa na MSF, abarwayi benshi bakaba bari mu nkambi zitandukanye zicumbikiye impunzi mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

Sheikh Mujibur Hasina wari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Bangladesh kugeza ubu ntawe uzi aho aherereye

Sheikh Hasina akimara kwegura yahise ahungira mu Buhinde ahamara ijoro rimwe nk’uko BBC yabitangaje, ariko kugeza ubu ntawe urongera kumuca iryera. Ubuhinde nabwo ntiburagira icyo buvuga, ariko guverinoma yabwo yasabye amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubuyobozi guhura bakaganira.

Ubuhinde buhana imbibi na Bangladesh ku ntera ireshya na km 4,096, ndetse ibihugu byombi bifitanye umubano ukomeye mu bukungu n’umuco.

Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Buhunde Narendra Modi kuwa Mbere yakoresheje inama yo gusuzuma uko ikibazo cya Bangladesh giteye, mu gihe amakuru aturuka mu Buhinde avuga ko Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ishobora kuza gusohora itangazo kuri uyu wa Kabiri.

Hagati aho ariko, hari impungenge ko ibibazo biri muri Bangladesh bishobora gukongeza Ubuhinde, busanzwe buzwiho gushyigikira Sheikh Mujibur Hasina mu myaka 15 yose yari amaze ku buyobozi.

Bangladesh yahoze yitwa Pakistan y’Uburasirazuba mbere yo kubona ubwigenge mu 1971, bwaharaniwe na Sheikh Mujibur Rahman akaba se wa Sheikh Hasina, ari nawe wahise aba Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Mbere wa Bangladesh, agahita ashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe ryaje kwegukana amatora hanyuma aba Perezida wa Mbere w’igihugu muri Mutarama 1975.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman yahiritswe ku butegetsi muri Kanama 1975, yicanwa n’umugore we n’abana batatu b’abahungu, harokoka abakobwa babiri barimo Sheikh Hasina wari Minisitiri w’Intebe na murumuna we Sheikh Rehana. Bombi bari bagiye mu ruzinduko mu Budage ubwo urugo rwabo rwaterwaga n’agatsiko k’abasirikare bavugaga ko barambiwe ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe.

Abaturage barimo gusenya ishusho ya Sheikh Mujibur Rahman waharaniye ubwigenge bwa Bangladesh

Nyuma y’iyicwa rya Perezida Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, igihugu cyahindutse isibaniro ry’ibibazo bya politike guhirika no kwica abari ku butegetsi batamaze kabiri.

Guhera mu 1975 kugeza mu 1981 Bangladesh yategetswe n’abaperezida bane barimo abasirikare batatu kandi bose bavuyeho bishwe, hanyuma kuva mu 1982 kugeza magingo aya, Bangladesh imaze kuyoborwa n’abaperezida 16 harimo uriho ubu Mohammed Shajabuddin kuva muri Mata 2023.

Wenceslas Twagirayezu yari yaragizwe umwere n’Urukiko Rukuru muri Mutarama 2024

Muri Mutarama 2024, ni bwo Urugereko rw’Urukiko Rukuru rukorera i Nyanza mu Majyepfo y’u Rwanda, rwari rwemeje ko Twagirayezu ari umwere ku byaha bya Jenoside yaregwaga. Mu 2018, ni bwo Denmark yohereje Twagirayezu, ngo aryozwe n’ubutabera bwo mu Rwanda ibyaha by’ubwicanyi yakoze mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994.

Yashinjwaga ubwicanyi bwabereye ahantu hatandukanye ahahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, harimo ahahoze Kaminuza ya Mudende, kuri Kiliziya Gatolika ya Busasamana, ahitwaga kuri Komine Rouge n’ahandi henshi hiciwe Abatutsi benshi.

Wenceslas Twagirayezu w’imyaka 56, wari umwalimu mu gihe cya Jenoside, yaburanye ahakana ibyaha bya Jenoside, akavuga ko mu gihe cya Jenoside ngo atari ari mu Rwanda ahubwo yari mu cyahoze ari Zaïre (Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo y’ubu).

Ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwamugiraga umwere muri Mutarama 2024, rwavuze ko nta bimenyetso bifatika Ubushinjacyaha bwagaragaje bivuguruza ibyo Twagirayezu yatanze yemeza ko mu ntangiriro za Jenoside atari mu Rwanda.

Wenceslas Twagirayezu yafatiwe muri Denmark yoherezwa mu Rwanda mu 2018

Mu byo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwashingiyeho rumuhamya ibyaha bya Jenoside aregwa, rwavuze ko kujya hanze y’Igihugu bigaragazwa n’impapuro zemewe zitangwa n’ubutegetsi nk’igihamya ntakuka ko umuntu yasohotse mu Gihugu, kandi ko izo mpampuro ntazo agaragaza.

Umucamanza yatangaje ko ubujurire bw’Ubushinjacyaha bufite ishingiro, maze avuga ko Twagirayezu ahamwa n’ibyaha bya jenoside nk’icyaha kibasiye inyoko muntu, amukatira imyaka 20.

Amategeko y’u Rwanda avuga ko mu manza z’inshinjabyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ari rwo rwa nyuma ruca imanza, hagati aho ariko uwakatiwe kuri uru rwego ashobora kuregera akarengane ku Rwego rw’Umuvunyi.

Visi Perezida wa USA, Kamala D. Harris

Ni umuntu wakunze kurangwa no kuvuganira abaturage uhereye ku ntambwe ikomeye yateye ubwo yabaga Umucamanza Mukuru w’Umujyi wa San Francisco, akazamuka akagera ku rwego rw’Umucamanza Mukuru wa Leta ya California, ntibyacira aho arakomeza yinjira muri Sen aya USA none ubu akaba ari Visi Perezida w’igihugu cy’igihangange ku isi.

Tariki 20 Mutarama 2021, Kamala Harris ni bwo yarahiriye kuba Visi Perezida wa mbere w’umugore mu mateka ya US, aba Umunyamerika wa mbere ufite amaraso y’abirabura n’ay’abanya Asia watorewe uwo mwanya. Nyina ni Umuhinde, ise akaba umwirabura wo muri Jamaica.

Nka Visi Perezida, Kamala Harris yakoze akazi gakomeye ko guhamagarira abaturage kwishyira hamwe kugira ngo batere imbere, kuzamura imibereho y’imiryango, no gusigasira ubwisanzure bw’ibanze mu gihugu hose.

Kamalla Hariss n’umugabo we Douglas Emhoff, n’abana barera Cole na Ella

Kimwe mu bikorwa by’indashyikirwa bya Kamala D. Harris, ni uruhare nyamukuru yagize mu guharanira ubwisanzure bw’abagore mu kwifatira ibyemezo birebana n’imiterere yabo, uburenganzira bwo kubaho batekanye ntakwikanga ubugizi bwa nabi bukoresha imbunda, ubwisanzure bwo gutora, n’ubwisanzure mu kunywa amazi meza no guhumeka umwuka mwiza.

Kamala Harris yagiriwe icyizere cyo gukorana na Perezida Joe Biden mu rugamba rwo kugeza iterambere ry’ibanze ku baturage ryagize uruhare mu guhindura ubuzima bw’amamiliyoni y’Abanyamerika. Bateje imbere ishoramari mu bikorwa bizamura ubukungu no guhanga imirimo mishya myinshi yatumye ubushomeri budakomeza
kuzamuka. Ubwitange bwa Biden na Harris bwatumye habaho ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi buciriritse mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri gusa ku rwego bitari byarigeze bigeraho mu buyobozi bwabanje.

Ku buyobozi bwa Biden na Kamala, bamanuye igiciro cy’imiti ya diyabete igera ku madolari 35$ ku bantu bakuze ivuye ku asaga 50$. Bagabanyije n’ibiciro byo kwandikirwa imiti, bateza imbere ubuzima bw’umubyeyi n’ubw’umwana muri gahunda bise Medicaid. Banashyizeho itegeko rya mbere risobanutse rigenga umutekano w’imbunda ritari ryarigeze ribaho mu myaka 30 ishize.

Kamala Harris na se Donald Harris (1964, 2020)

Ubwo bashyiragaho ihuriro ry’amashyaka abiri asanzwe ari amakeba (Democrat & Republican), bashyize mu bikorwa gahunda y’ishoramari rya tiriyari imwe y’amadolari ($1.000.000.000.000) mu kuzamura ibikorwaremezo by’igihugu, ibigo rusange byakira abantu by’agateganyo, gusana ibiraro no gushyiraho murandasi (internet) ifite umuvuduko wa mbere ku isi.

Kamala Harris avuga ko intego ye ikubiye mu nteruro yavuze mu 2017 ubwo yarahiriraga kujya muri Sena ya US. Harris ati « Buri ntambwe y’urugendo rwanjye, nyoborwa n’amagambo navuze umunsi wa mbere mpagarara mu cyumba cy’urukiko: Kamala Harris for the People (Kamala Harris, ku bw’abaturage). »

Kamala Harris yavukiye muri Oakland, California, US mu 1964 ku babyeyi b’abimukira. We n’umuvandimwe we Maya, bakuze bagendera ku rugero rwa nyina Shyamala Gopalan, impuguke mu bijyane na kanseri y’ibere n’umugore w’impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwe bwite. Yageze muri USA mu 1964 aturutse mu Buhinde ku myaka 19 ari bwo yahise abona impamyabushobozi y’ikirenga muri uwo mwaka Kamala yavutsemo.

Ababyeyi be bari impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bw’abaturage, ibintu banatoje umwana wabo, agakurira mu mwuka wo guharanira kwishyira hamwe n’abandi mu rugamba rwo guharanira uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bw’abantu bose.

ViSI Perezida Harris ari hamwe na nyina, Shyamala mu 1965

Akiri agahinja bamujyanaga mu ngendo zo guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bamucunga mu gapusipusi (troller), bakanamwigisha amateka y’intwari zaharaniye uburenganzira bwa muntu muri USA. Yize muri kaminuza ya Howard n’iya California Hastings College of Law. Mu 2014, yashakanye n’umucamanza witwa Douglas Emhoff, bafitanye abana babiri, umuhungu n’umukobwa Cole na Ella ariko si bo babyeyi babo b’umubiri.

Nk’umuyobozi urangwa no gukomera ku ijambo mu kazi ke, Kamala Harris yiyemeje kugendera ku mpanuro za nyina. Kamala aragira ati: “Mama yajyaga anyitegereza maze akambwira ati, ‘Kamala, ushobora kuba uwa mbere mu gukora ibintu byinshi, ariko ugomba guharanira ko utaba uwanyuma ubikoze.’”

Corneille Nangaa, umuyobozi wa Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC) irwanya ubutegetsi bwa RDC

Ihuriro AFC rifite igisirikare kigizwe n’inyeshyamba za M23 zafashe intwaro kugira ngo zirwanye Guverinoma ya Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo (RDC) mu Gushyingo 2021, ryagiye ku mugaragaro i Nairobi muri Kenya mu Kuboza 2023.

Icyo gihe, amashyaka menshi ya politike n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba zitwara gisirikare yo muri RDC yatangaje ko yishyize hamwe n’abo barwanyi kugira ngo bashake ibisubizo by’ibibazo bitandukanye byugarije Igihugu, birimo kuba nta miyoborere ifatika ihari mu myaka 30 ishize.

Mu minsi ishize nk’uko byavuzwe mu itangazamakuru, Corneille Nangaa, wahoze ari umuyobozi wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’amatora muri RDC, n’abandi bantu 25 bashinjwe ariko badahari, ibyaha by’intambara, gukorana n’agatsiko k’abagizi ba nabi, n’ubugambanyi.

Umugore wa Corneille Nangaa, Yvette Lubanda Nazinda, uri mu buhungiro mu Burayi, nawe ashinjwa ubugambanyi, ibyaha by’intambara no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’urugomo n’imyigaragambyo.

Umuyobozi w’igisirikare cya M23, Maj Gen Sultani Makenga, Bertrand Bisimwa, ushinzwe ibya politike, n’abavugizi ba M23 babiri Willy Ngoma na Lawrence Kanyuka, nabo bari ku rutonde rw’abatungwa agatoki.

Mu Kuboza 2023, mbere y’amatora rusange yo muri RDC, Nangaa yashinze ihuriro rya politike rifite n’igisirikare Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), yishyira hamwe n’inyeshyamba za M23 n’indi mitwe yitwara gisirikare bagamije gutabara Igihugu nk’uko babivuga.

Igihirahiro n’ibibazo by’imibereho mibi byugarije uburasirazuba bwa Congo, nubwo hari amasezerano yo gushyiraho agahenge kagutse kugeza tariki 3 Kanama hagati y’ingabo za RDC n’abarwanyi ba AFC bagenzura kugeza ubu uduce 100 mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru nyuma yo kubura imirwano mu Gushyingo 2021.

Corneille Nangaa uburanishwa adahari, arareganwa n’abandi 25

Imitwe yitwara gisirikare irimo na FDLR yiganjemo abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ikomeje kwidegembya mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho irimo kujujubya abaturage, kwica, gusahura no gukura abantu mu byabo.

Uburasirazuba bwa RD Congo bunarimo umutwe w’inyeshyamba ziharanira Demukarasi, Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), umutwe witwara gisirikare ugizwe n’Abaganda wigeze guhamya ko ushyigikiye Leta ya Kiyisilamu (Islamic State) mu 2019.

ADF, ishami rya Islamic State ryo muri Afurika yo Hagati rikorana n’ibyihebe byo mu majyaruguru ya Mozambique, ni umwe mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare isaga 200 ibarizwa mu mashyamba yo mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo.

Ibiro ntaramakuru bya Xinhua biravuga ko mu ijoro ryo kuwa Kabiri rishyira kuwa Gatatu 24 Nyakanga, abantu 35 bishwe n’inyeshyamba za ADF mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Muri Kamena, nabwo biravugwa ko hari 16 bishwe n’agatsiko k’inyeshyamba z’abayisilamu ziri mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Inyeshyamba za ADF, zimaze hafi imyaka 30 zikorera mu mashyamba yo mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo.

Kamala Harris yagiriwe icyizere cyo gusimbura Biden mu kwiyamamaza

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Associated Press ku mugoroba wo kuwa Mbere bwagaragaje ko Harris yatoranyijwe n’intumwa z’ishyaka zirenga 1.976 zari zikenewe kugira ngo abashe kwegukana icyiciro cya mbere cy’amatora.

Ibyo bivuze ko Madamu Harris ari mu nzira yo guserukira ishyaka ry’abademukarate akazahatana na Donald Trump ku ruhande rw’aba Repubulikani (Republicans) mu matora ya Perezida ateganyijwe mu Gushyingo.

Ibi bishyizwe ahagaragara mu gihe intumwa z’ishyaka zikoze amahitamo yazo mbere y’uko Inama y’Igihugu y’Abademukarate (DCN) iterana mu kwezi gutaha muri leta ya Chicago.

Intumwa z’ishyaka ni abantu batoranywa kugira ngo baserukire Akarere batoreramo. Ibyifuzo byabo ntabwo biba ari byo kamara mbere y’itora nyirizina, ariko akenshi ni byo bihabwa amahirwe.

Kugeza ubu nta wundi muntu uragaragaza ko afite gahunda yo guhatana na Madamu Harris kuva Joe Biden yakuramo ake karenge ku Cyumweru.

Uyu mukambwe w’imyaka 81, yari amaze iminsi yotswa igitutu n’abanyamuryango bakuru bo mu ishyaka rye nyuma y’uko ananiwe kwikura imbere ya Trump mu biganirompaka byo gushyira ahagaragara imigabo n’imigambi yabo.

Nihatagira igihinduka guhera ubu kugeza igihe intumwa z’ishyaka zizatorera kuva tariki 01 – 07 Kanama, Kamala Harris ni we uzaserukira ishyaka mu matora yo mu Gushyingo 2024.

Kuva Biden yatangaza ko atakibashije gukomeza guhatana na Trump, amamiliyoni n’amamiliyoni y’amadolari akomeje kwisukiranya mu kigega cyo gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza kwe kandi Abademukarate bakuru nabo biyemeje gushyigikira ubwiyamamaze bwe nk’umukandida w’ishyaka ry’abademukarate.

Ishyaka UNAR ryashinzwe n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa

Nyuma ariko ayo mashyirahamwe yaje kwitwa amashyaka ya politike guhera mu 1958 kugeza mu 1965 bitewe na politike y’abakoloni ya ‘mbatanye-mbayobore’ yari imaze gushinga imizi mu Rwanda.

Ay’ingenzi muri ayo mashayaka ni aya akurikira:

UNAR: (Union Nationale Rwandaise). Iri ishyaka ryashyizweho n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ku itariki 03 Nzeri 1958, muri rusange ryaharaniraga ubwigenge n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kuko ritemeraga ko mu Rwanda hari amoko cyangwa ko hari ibibazo byaterwaga nayo.

Ntibyateye kabiri ariko, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko yaje gukongezwa n’Abakoloni, biza gukurikirwa n’ubwicanyi, ubuhunzi no kubuzwa amahoro kw’igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda (Abatutsi), abasaga ibihumbi 500 bahungira mu bihugu by’ibituranyi, abasigaye bakomeza kuvutswa uburenganzira bwabo kugeza ku ndunduro ya Jenoside yo mu 1994.

PARMEHUTU: (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu). Iri ni ishyaka ryasimbuye ishyirahamwe ryitwaga “Mouvement Social Muhutu” ryasheshwe mu 1957 i Gitarama.
Nk’uko byumvikana mu mpine yaryo, PARMEHUTU ni ishyaka ryashinzwe n’Abahutu bize biganjemo abakomoka i Gitarama, barimo Grégoire Kayibanda wabaye perezida wa mbere w’u Rwanda mu 1962 na Dominique Mbonyumutwa wabaye perezida w’inzibacyuho mu 1961.

Iri shayaka ryari rifite abayoboke benshi mu gihugu. Intego yaryo kwari ukuvuganira Abahutu kuko ryemezaga ko bari barakandamijwe n’ingoma ya Cyami n’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni.

Grégoire Kayibanda na Dominique Mbonyumutwa, bamwe mu bashinze Ishyaka PARMEHUTU

Ibibazo PARMEHUTU yavugaga ko biri mu Rwanda, yabitangarije abakoloni b’Ababiligi mu nyandiko bise ‘Manifeste des Bahutu’ mu 1957 abakoloni nabo babisamira hejuru, ni ko kwiyemeza gufasha PARMEHUTU guhirika ingoma y’Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, ari naho haturutse icyo bise impinduramatwara yo mu 1959.

Ubwicanyi bwakurikiye iyo ngirwa-mpinduramatwara mu 1962, bwatewe n’ikinyoma cyakwirakwijwe na PARMEHURU yabeshye ko umurwanashyaka wayo, Dominique Mbonyumutwa, nk’umukuru w’igihugu w’inzibacyuho (Mutarama - Ukwakira 1961) ngo yakubiswe urushyi n’abasore b’Abatutsi batashakaga ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika.

Kwica Abatutsi bikomeza gufata intera, ndetse bishyirwa ku mugaragaro, benshi bahunga igihugu, abasigaye bakomeza gutotezwa, kuvutswa uburenganzira no kwicwa urusorongo, guhera mu 59, ku butegetsi bwa Grégoire Kayibanda (1962-1973) kugeza ku bwa Juvénal Habyarimana (Nyakanga 1973 – Mata 1994).

Bwanakweli, P. Mugunga, umwe mu bashinze ishyaka RADER

RADER: (Rassemblement Démocratique Rwandais). Iri ni ishyaka ryabarizwagamo Abatutsi batavugaga rumwe na UNAR y’Umwami Mutara, kuko ryo ryemeraga ko hari ikibazo hagati y’amoko mu Rwanda.

Ishyaka RADER naryo ryashinzwe mu 1958, ryifuzaga ko umutungo ushingiye ku masambu wasaranganywa Abanyarwanda, ibikingi bigasaranganywa Abanyarwanda bose, ariko naryo ryaje gucika intege kuko ryasaga n’iryafashe impu zombi (UNAR na PARMEHUTU) hakiyongeraho ibibazo by’amacakubiri yari ashingiye ku moko kandi naryo ryari rigizwe n’ibice bibiri, birangira risenyutse burundu.

APROSOMA: (Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse). Iri shyaka ryavugaga ko riharanira uburenganzira bw’Abanyarwanda bose bakandamijwe n’ubutegetsi hatitawe ku moko.

Joseph Habyalimana Gitera, washinze ishyaka APROSOMA

Hagati aho ariko uwarishinze ari we Joseph Habyarimana Gitera, we yavugaga ko Abahutu ari bo basigajwe inyuma kurusha abandi, nyuma biza kugarahara ko na APROSOMA yari ifite ibyo ihurizaho na PARMEHUTU ya Kayibanda birangira naryo risenyukiye muri PARMEHUTU yaje guhinduka MDR-PARMEHUTU.

Andi mashyaka ya mbere y’ubwigenge

N’ubwo amashyaka y’ingenzi yabayeho mbere y’ubwigenge ari UNAR, PARMEHUTU, RADER na APROSOMA, hari n’andi mashyaka ya politike yari ahari.

Muri yo twavuga nka UNINTERCOKI (Union Intercommunale de Kinyaga, PPG (Parti Politique du Gisaka), PARMEHUTU Gisaka (ishami rya PARMEHUTU ya Kayibanda), MOMOR (Mouvement Monarchique Rwandais, ishami rya UNAR), AREDETWA (Association pour le Relèvement Démocratique des Twa), APEDEC ry’i Nyanza, na Le Concordia.

Iseswa ry’amashyaka nyuma y’ubwigenge

Mu 1965, amashyaka yose yavuyeho hasigara rimwe rukumbi baryita MDR-PARMEHUTU riza rishimangira amatwara ya PARMEHUTU nk’umubyeyi waryo, ndetse rikomeza kuyobora igihugu kugeza mu 1973 ari bwo Juvénal Habyarimana n’ishyaka rye MRND (Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement) bahirikaga ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda.

Nubwo MRND yahiritse MDR-PARMEHUTU, yakomeje kugendera ku ngengabitekerezo yayo y’ivanguramoko, ndetse MRND irenzaho n’irondakarere, Abatutsi bakomeza kubuzwa epfo na ruguru, baricwa, kugeza kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kugira ngo ishoboke, MRND yakomereje aho mubyara wayo MDR-PARMEHUTU yari igejeje mu 1972 yigisha Abahutu kwanga Abatutsi, ari nabyo byatumye andi mashyaka yari yaravutse mu 1991 (by’umwihariko PL na PSD, n’irya MDR ryari ryarivuguruye), acikamo ibice agendeye ku moko.

Nyuma haje kwaduka icyo bise ‘Hutu Power’ mu 1993, cyari kigamije gushishikariza Abahutu bose aho bava bakagera kwishyira hamwe bagatsemba Abatutsi, bitwaje ko bene wabo bari barahunze igihugu mu 1959 ari bo bashyizeho Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi mu 1987 bagatangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu mu 1990.

Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside muri Nyakanga 1994, Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi wakuyeho indangamuntu yari yanditsemo ubwoko, ushyiraho guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, ndetse wugurura amarembo ku bifuzaga kwifatanya nawo mu rugendo rwo gusana igihugu.

Kugeza ubu imitwe ya politike yemewe mu Rwanda ni FPR-Inkotanyi, PSD : Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi n’Imibereho myiza y’abaturage, PSP : Ishyaka riharanira Ubufatanye n’Iterambere, (PL) Ishyaka Riharanira Ukwishyira Ukizana kwa buri muntu, PPC : Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane.

Hari na PS Imberakuri, UDPR : Ishyaka riharanira Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, PDC : Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi ihuza Abanyarwanda, DGPR : Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije mu Rwanda rizwi nka Green Party, PDI : Ishyaka Ntangarugero muri Demokarasi, na PSR : Ishyaka rya Gisosiyarisiti Rirengera Abakozi mu Rwanda.

Ishyaka MDR ryo ryaje guseswa burundu mu 2003, kubera umurage mubi w’amacakubiri n’ivangura byari byarongeye gutizwa umurindi n’uwari uriyoboye (Faustin Twagiramungu), mu gihe MRND n’umwana wayo CDR byateguye bikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside, byajyanye na banyirabyo u Rwanda rumaze kubohorwa mu 1994, nyuma bakaza kwihuriza hamwe mu cyo bise FDLR.

FDLR ni umutwe w’intagondwa z’Abahutu biganjemo abakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, bafite indiri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo (RDC) aho bamaze imyaka isaga 30 bagerageza gutera u Rwanda ngo bakureho ubuyobozi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi.

Mu Kuboza 2001, guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yashyize ku rutonde rw’imtwe y’iterabwoba hashingiwe ku Iteka rigenga Gukunda igihugu (Patriot Act), nyuma y’uko inyeshyamba za FDLR (Interahamwe na Ex-far) zishe abakerarugendo umunani barimo Abanyamerika babiri muri parike ya Bwindi, Uganda, abandi zikabafata ku ngufu.

Mu minsi ishize perezida wa RDC Félix Tshisekedi na mugenzi we w’u Burundi Evariste Ndayishimiye bemeje ku mugaragaro ko bashyigikiye ndetse biteguye kugira uruhare mu mugambi wo gutera u Rwanda. Perezida w’u Rwanda Kagame Paul, nawe ntiyazuyaje mu basubiza mu bihe bitandukanye, ababwira ko bamutindiye ubundi akabereka ko u Rwanda rudaterwa.

Perezida Kagame Paul umuyobozi wa RPF (iburyo), abaturage ba Nyamasheke mu kwiyamamaza kwa perezida (Kamena 29, 2024)

Ubwo yari ari mu karere ka Nyamasheke muri Kamena 2024 muri gahunda yo kuganira n’Abanyarwanda mu bihe byo kwiyamamaza, Kagame Paul yaragize ati:
"Narababwiye ngo u Rwanda kubera ko ari ruto, ntabwo tuzategereza udutera adusanga hano. Kuko twaba tugiye kurwanira iwacu, tukahangiza. Oya, tuzabasanga aho igihugu ari kinini. Ubuto bwacu turaburinda noneho tukajya mu binini, tukabirangirizayo. "

ivomo (Source): ‘Le Catholicisme et la Société Rwandaise : 1900-1962’, igitabo cyanditswe na Justin KALIBWAMI.

Biniam Girmay

Uyu munya-Eritrea w’imyaka 24, ibiro 70, n’indeshyo ya metero 1,84, aritegura kwambara mayo y’icyatsi mu isiganwa ryo ku Cyumweru, igihembo gihabwa uwasize abandi ahazamuka muri iri rushanwa rimara ibyumweru bitatu.

Benshi mu bakurikiranira hafi umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare, bizeye ko intsinzi ya Girmay izazana impinduka mu irushanwa rya Tour de France usanga ryiganjemo abazungu. Muri Tour de France yo muri uyu mwaka, Girmay ni we mwirabura wenyine urimo mu banyonzi 176.

Intsinzi ya Biniam Girmay yitezweho kuzana impinduka muri Tour de France iba yiganjemo ab’uruhu rwera

Girmay, cyangwa Bin nk’uko abakunzi n’abafana be bamwita, yavukiye ndetse arererwa muri Eritrea, igihugu kiri mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika gituwe n’abaturage miliyoni 3,7.

Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, amabanki n’ingendo zo mu ndege biri mu bikorwa byazahajwe cyane nyuma y’uko ikigo gishinzwe umutekano wo kuri murandasi Crowdstrike gisohoye porogaramu yo kuvugurura ikoze nabi (software update) ikazambya porogaramu ya Microsoft Windows.

Ingendo zo mu ndege ziri mu bikorwa byahungabanye cyane kubera virusi yinjiye muri Windows

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Crowdstrike yasabye imbabazi ku bw’icyo kibazo ndetse avuga ko batangiye kugikemura, gusa yemeye ko bishobora gutwara umwanya utari muto kugira ngo ibintu bisubire mu buryo.

Mu gihe ibikorwa by’ingendo zo mu ndege byatangiye kuzanzamuka nyuma yo gusubika ingendo zitagira ingano, abakora muri iyo serivisi barateganya ko hakomeza kubaho gukererwa no gusubikwa kw’ingendo muri izi mpera z’icyumweru.

Ibigo byinshi by’ubucuruzi hirya no hino ku isi bikomeje guhura n’akazi katoroshye ko guhangana n’ibirarane byo gutanga serivisi, ibindi byabaye ngombwa ko biba biretse gutanga ibicuruzwa byo kuri komande bikaba bishobora gutwara iminsi myinshi ngo bikemuke.

Ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi mu Bwongereza, muri Isiraheri no mu Budage nabyo byakubititse ku buryo hamwe na hamwe byabaye ngombwa ko bareka no kubaga indembe.

Iki kibazo cyateje impungenge ku mutekano w’ibikorwa bikenera ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho n’amahanga, n’uburyo ikosa rimwe rukumbi muri porogaramu ya mudasobwa rishobora kugira ingaruka ziri kuri uru rwego.

Ikibazo cyatangiye saa moya z’umugoroba wo kuwa Kane ku isaha mpuzamahanga (19:00 GMT), kizambya akazi k’abakoresha Windows ikoresha porogaramu y’ubwirinzi ya CrowdStrike Falcon, nk’uko byemejwe n’ikigo Microsoft, ariko ikibazo nyirizina cyasobanutse mu gitondo cyo kuwa Gatanu.

Gusa mu masaha y’umugoroba kuwa Gatanu, ibibazo byari byatangiye gukemuka mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’isi, aho ibibuga by’indege byinshi bivuga ko nubwo hari hakirimo ibibazo byo gusuzuma ibyangombwa no kwishyura, indege nyinshi zari zatangiye gusubukura ingendo.

Itangazamakuru rya leta mu Bushinwa ryemeje ko Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cya Hong Kong ubu kirimo gukora bisanzwe.

Hagati aho ariko banki yitwa JP Morgan Chase ikomeye kurusha izindi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yavuze ko ikirimo kugerageza gusubiza ku murongo serivisi y’ibyuma bya ATM.

Mu byo usabwa gufata, hagomba kugarukamo amagi kuri buri funguro muri iyo minsi itatu.

UMUNSI WA MBERE

Mu gitondo: Kunywa icyayi cy’icyatsi kitarimo isukari (agakombe kamwe), ugafata inyanya mbisi ebyiri n’amagi abiri atogosheje.

Saa sita: Umweru w’amagi abiri utogosheje, isamake (itogosheje cyangwa yokeje) ukarenzaho agakombe kamwe k’icyayi cy’icyatsi kitarimo isukari. Hagati ya mu gitondo na saa sita ushobora gufata akantu koroheje: Pomme, umuneke…

Nimugoroba: Tegura imbogarwatsi zirimo (Broccoli, karoti, amashaza, imiteja) kandi bigomba kuba bitekesheje umwuka (steamed), ubundi urenzeho icyayi cy’icyatsi kitarimo isukari.

UMUNSI WA KABIRI

Mu gitondo: Icyayi cy’icyatsi kitarimo isukari, amagi abiri atogosheje n’umuneke umwe.

Saa sita: Umweru w’amagi abiri atogosheje, amagarama 120 y’inyama y’inkoko (intongo iringaniye), itogosheje kandi itariho uruhu, ukarenzaho icyayi cy’icyatsi kitarimo isukari.

Nimugoroba: Ibisuguti bidakakaye, foromage yoroshye (cottage cheese) ikoze mu bisigazwa by’amata bavanyemo amavuta, ubundi ukarenzaho igikombe cy’amata arimo ibinure bike

UMUNSI WA GATATU

Mu gitondo: Igikombe cy’umutobe w’inyanya n’amagi abiri atogosheje.

Saa sita: Icyayi cy’icyatsi kitarimo isukari, umweru w’amagi abiri atogosheje, amagarama 120 y’inyama zitukura zitetse.

Nimugoroba: Ibirayi bibiri byokeje ukarenzaho icyayi cy’icyatsi kitarimo isukari.

Dore ibyo usabwa kureka by’umwihariko kugira ngo urugamba uriho rutange umusaruro:

–  Inzoga zisembuye (by’umwihariko byeri)
–  Ibiribwa bifite ibinure byinshi
–  Isukari n’ibindi bikora nkayo
–  ice cream
–  Imigati yera, ibisuguti na keke, n’ibindi byose bikorwa mu ifarini birimo isukari.

Ikigaragara, izi nama zisaba kwihangana no kwiyima ibyo umuntu akunda, cyane cyane ku basanzwe bikundira ifunguro rifatika, rimwe umuntu afata akumva inda iruzuye cyangwa agatangira guhunyiza kubera kugwa agacuho by’umwihariko mu masaaha ya nyuma ya saa sita.

Raporo ya WJP 2023 yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa Mbere muri Afurika mu kugendera ku mategeko

Iyo raporo yandikwa buri mwaka n’ikigo The World Justice Project (WJP), umuryango wa sosiyete sivile wiyemeje guteza imbere ubuyobozi bugendera ku mategeko ku isi hose.

Ikigo WJP kivuga ko ubuyobozi bwubahiriza itegeko ari gahunda irambye y’amategeko, inzego, amahame n’ubwitange bw’abaturage, ibyo byose bigatuma habaho kubahiriza inshingano, hagashyirwaho amategeko aboneye, imiyoborere itari iy’ubwiko, abaturage bagahabwa ubutabera kandi butabogamye.

Raporo ya WJP yo mu 2023 yerekanye ko u Rwanda rwabaye urwa mbere mu buyobozi bugendera ku mategeko muri Afurika, ruza ku mwanya wa 41 ku rwego rw’Isi.

Aganira na Kigali Today ku byavuye muri iriya raporo, Umuvugizi w’Inkiko mu Rwanda, Harrison Mutabazi, yavuze ko kuba u Rwanda rwaraje ku isonga bidatunguranye, kubera ko hakozwe byinshi mu nzego z’ubutabera hagamijwe gushyigikira ubuyobozi bugendera ku mategeko.

Harrison Mutabazi ati "Icya mbere, hashatswe uburyo ubutabera bwegerezwa abaturage hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, hashakwa uburyo amakimbirane atangira gukemurwa hifashishijwe ubundi buryo butari ubusanzwe bwo kuburanisha, hakabamo ibyerekeranye n’ubuhuza n’ibindi, ariko hakibandwa cyane cyane ko buri muntu agomba guhabwa uburenganzira bungana, kandi abantu bose bagafatwa kimwe imbere y’amategeko."

Harrison Mutabazi, Umuvugizi w’Inkiko mu Rwanda

Harrison Mutabazi yakomeje avuga ko ibyo byose byagezweho ku bufatanye bw’inzego z’ubutabera zirimo Inkiko, Ubushinjacyaha, Ubugenzacyaha, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera n’izindi nzego zose zifite aho zihuriye n’ubutabera.

Mutabazi ati "Ntabwo bitunguranye kuko iriya raporo imaze gukorwa, ni inshuro igiye kuba iya kane tuba aba mbere muri Afurika kandi no ku Isi hose tukaza ku mwanya mwiza, ubungubu twanaje no kwigira imbere kurusha ikindi gihe."

Raporo ya World Justice Project ishyira ahagaragara amakuru aturuka mu nzego zigenga akubiye mu bintu umunani byerekana ko hariho ubuyobozi bugendera ku mategeko, ari byo: Ubuyobozi butari hejuru y’amategeko, kutimakaza ruswa, guverinoma itari mu bwiko, uburenganzira bw’ibanze, umutuzo n’umutekano, kubahiriza itegeko, ubutabera mbonezamubano, n’ubutabera mpanabyaha.

U Rwanda rwitwaye neza mu bimenyetso birimo umutuzo n’umutekano, aho rwagize 0.85/1, kutimakaza ruswa rubona 0.67/1), ubutabera mbonezamubona rugira 0.67/1, naho mu buyobozi butari hejuru y’amategeko rubona 0.61/1).

Mauritius, Namibia na Botswana nabyo biri mu bihugu byitwaye neza ku mugabane, kuko byaje ku myanya ya 45, 46, na 51 ku rwego rw’Isi.

Muri rusange, ibihugu bitatu bya mbere ku rwego rw’isi ni Denmark, Norway, na Finland, mu gihe Venezuela, Cambodia, na Afghanistan byaje mu byanyuma n’amanota ari hasi cyane mu miyoborere igendera ku mategeko.

Ubuyobozi bugendera ku mategeko ku rwego rw’Isi bufatwa nk’igikoresho rudasumbwa mu kwimakaza amahoro, ubutabera, uburenganzira bwa muntu, ukwishyira ukizina nyabyo cyangwa demukarasi isesuye n’amajyambere arambye.

Intumwa z’ibihugu byo muri EAC zitabiriye inama yabereye Zanzibar tariki 8 Nyakanga 2024

Ibi byemejwe kuwa Mbere 08 Nyakanga muri Zanzibar, Tanzania aho abaminisitiri bo muri EAC bahuriye mu mwiherero w’iminsi itatu wari ugamije kuganira ku mahoro y’akarere n’ibibazo by’umutekano.

Uwo mwiherero witabiriwe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda Olivier Nduhungirehe, Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ubutwererane bw’Akarere James Kabarebe, Minisitiri Wungirije wa RDC w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga Gracia Yamba Kazadi, Minisitiri w’u Ububanyi n’Amahanga mu Burundi Albert Shingiro, ndetse na bagenzi babo bo muri EAC.

Nubwo bitaramenyekana igihe n’aho ibyo biganiro bizabera, itangazo ryakurikiye umwiherero wa Zanzibar kuwa Mbere riravuga ko abaminisitiri ba RDC n’ab’u Rwanda basezeranye ko bagomba guhura bidatinze bakaganira kuri gahunda ya Luanda, Angola igamije gusubiza ibintu mu buryo hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC.

Umwiherero w’iminsi itatu wabereye muri Zanzibar wananzuye ko abaminisitiri b’u Rwanda n’ab’u Burundi bazahura mu Kwakira 31, 2024 bakaganira ku bibazo bimaze iminsi bibangamiye umubano w’ibihugu byombi.

Kuva mu 2022, umubano w’u Rwanda na RDC wazambijwe n’imirwano ishyamiranyije ingabo za Congo n’inyeshyamba za M23, aho guverinoma ya Congo ikomeje gushinja u Rwanda gutera inkunga M23, nubwo u Rwanda rutahwemye kugaragaza ko ari ibinyoma.

U Rwanda kandi rushinja igisirikare cya Congo gufatanya n’umutwe wa FDLR, wafatiwe ibihano n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ukagira n’uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ukaba unabangamiye umutekano w’u Rwanda.

Ni mu gihe u Burundi nabwo bushinja u Rwanda kugira uruhare mu gitero cy’iterabwoba cyo mu Kuboza 2023 cyaje kwigambwa n’umutwe wa RED Tabara w’inyeshyamba z’Abarundi ziri mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo.

U Burundi bwahise bufata umwanzuro wo gufunga imipaka ibuhuza n’u Rwanda, nubwo guverinoma y’u Rwanda yagaragaje ko ntaho ihuriye n’uwo mutwe.

Umubano w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi waje kongera kuba mubi cyane nyuma y’uko Perezida w’u Burundi Evariste Ndayishimiye yumvikanye avuga ko ashyigikiye umugambi wa Felix Tshisekedi wa Congo wo gutera u Rwanda agakuraho ubuyobozi buriho.

Abaminisitiri ba EAC

Kuva ubwo u Burundi bwatangiye kohereza abasirikare babwo gufasha ingabo za Congo n’indi mitwe izishyigikiye, irimo FDLR, ibyo bikaba byaratumye imibanire y’ibihugu irushaho kuzamba.

Minisitiri w’u Burundi w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga yavuze ko ibiganiro bya Zanzibar ari umuyoboro mwiza wa dipolomasi ukaba n’igikoresho cyiza cyo gukemura umwuka mubi uri hagati y’ibihugu.

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko umuntu akunda urusaku rw’imvura n’uruterwa n’andi mazi mu buryo butandukanye, kubera ko ubwonko bwakira urwo rusaku nk’amajwi adateye ubwoba cyangwa aje atunguranye.

Ubusanzwe amajwi atunguranye akanga umuntu akamukura mu mudendezo, bigatuma atahwa n’icyoba, ubundi ubwonko bugatangira gutegura uko umuntu agomba kwirinda kuko aba yumva atagitekanye, cyane cyane iyo aryamye cyangwa arimo kuruhuka.

Urusaku rw’imvura (ariko itarimo inkuba zesa cyane), ntabwo rukura umutima nk’uruje rukwituraho. Ahubwo rwo ruburizamo andi majwi ashobora kubuza umuntu amahoro, ari yo mpamvu usanga iyo umuntu aryamye imvura irimo kugwa aba yumva atifuza kubyuka.

Si ijwi ry’imvura gusa rifite ubwo bushobozi. Amazi y’inyanja cyangwa ay’ikiyaga arimo umuyaga udakabije cyangwa umugezi ufite isumo ryoroheje, nayo atanga ijwi riruhura ubwonko.

Impuguke mu bumenyi burebana n’iby’amazi Wallace J. Nichols, avuga ko urusaku rutagatifu rw’imvura nk’uko arwita / the white sound of the rain, rudatuma ubwonko buruhuka gusa, ahubwo ngo rutuma bubasha gushyira ibintu ku murongo neza no kuvumbura ibishya, kuko umuntu aba atuje bityo ubwonko bukabasha kugera mu gice cyabwo ubusanzwe tutajya tubasha gukoresha buri munsi.

Ni yo mpamvu uzumva abantu benshi bakubwira ko iyo barimo gukaraba ariko atari mu mazi yo mu ibase, cyangwa se bari ku nkengero z’inyanja n’ikiyaga, ibitekerezo byabo babigenzura neza nta kidobya, ariko muri byose, ijwi ry’imvura ngo ni ryo rudasumbwa kuko imvura idakenera imbaraga zo kuyisunika nk’uko bigenda ku mazi yo mu bwogero, cyangwa ay’inyanja n’ikiyaga kuko agomba gusunikwa n’umuyaga kugira ngo atange ijwi.

Tugarutse ku ijwi ry’imvura by’umwihariko, namwe murabyumva abo rigeraho uko babyifuza ni ababa mu nzu zisakaje amabati usibye ko hari abadasinzira kubera gutinya abarara bacukura amazu.

Naho ku baba mu nzu zisakaye ku buryo batumva imvura, birumvikana ni ukwiyambaza amazi yo mu bwogero cyangwa se mu kajya mujya ku nkengero z’inyanja, ibiyaga cyangwa ku migezi ifite amasumo.

Miles Kington yaragize ati Ubwenge ni ukumenya ko urunyanya ari urubuto, ubushishozi ni ukutarushyira muri salade y’imbuto.

Usibye gufasha umubiri kwirinda indwara, inyanya zikoreshwa n’abashaka kugira uruhu rwiza rwo mu isura kuko zigabanya amavuta yo mu ruhu rw’isura, hamwe abazi gushyenga bareba umuntu ufite amavuta menshi mu isura bakavuga ngo ameze nk’uwatetse amandazi.

Akamaro k’inyanya mu buzima bw’umuntu ni kenshi, ariko se waba uzi umuryango w’ibiribwa inyanya zibarizwamo?

Abantu benshi bafata inyanya nk’imboga kubera ko zishobora gutekanwa n’imboga zitandukanye, zikavangwa n’ibindi birungo mu gutegura isosi, cyangwa zikaba zaribwa ari mbisi muri salade y’imboga. Ariko burya inyanya ni imbuto mu zindi kubera ko zizamuka mu ndabyo ziri ku duti duto kandi zikaba zifite utubuto imbere nk’uko byemezwa n’ikinyamakuru Health Line.

Umunyamakuru w’Umwongereza akaba n’umuririmbyi witwa Miles Kington yaragize ati “Knowledge is knowing that tomato is a fruit. Wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad.” Mu Kinyarwanda: Ubwenge ni ukumenya ko urunyanya ari urubuto, ubushishozi ni ukutarushyira muri salade y’imbuto.

Ikawa

Ikawa ni ikinyobwa gikundwa na benshi, by’umwihariko abantu bakuze kubera uburyohe bwihariye, impumuro, gutera ubushyuhe mu mubiri no gufasha abantu kudasinzira igihe bafite akazi bashaka kurangiza mu masaha y’ijoro kandi bananiwe.

Urebye ako ni ko kamaro rusange k’ikawa, gusa ikaba mbi igihe irenze urugero kuko ishobora gutera umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaraso ukaba wakurizamo kurwara umutima.

Nyamara ikawa ifite akandi kamaro gashingiye kuri ya mpumuro yayo yihariye, nk’uko byemezwa n’ubushakashatsi bwamuritswe ku rubuga www.urbancalmcoffee.ca.

Ubwo bushakashatsi buvuga ko kwihumuriza ikawa bifite akamaro gatandukanye harimo ako gutera akanyamuneza, kudahuzagurika no kugira imbaraga, ndetse no gutuma umuntu asinzira neza.

Ubushakashatsi buvuga ko kwihumuriza ikawa bitera akanyamuneza

Abantu bacuruza imibavu n’amarashi, bagomba kuba bafite agakombe gato karimo ikawa iseye, iteretse iruhande rw’uducupa tw’amarashi.

Iyo kawa ifasha umukiriya ushaka kwihumuriza imibavu itandukanye mbere yo guhitamo, kuko iyo arangije kwihumuriza umubavu umwe, bishobora kumugora kumenya kuwutandukanya n’undi ashaka kumva impumuro yawo.

Aho rero ni ho ya kawa ikora akazi kayo, umuntu akabanza akayihumuriza, ikamwibagiza impumuro ya mbere, agasa n’utangiye kwihumuriza bundi bushya bityo bityo kugeza igihe ageze ku mubavu ufite impumuro imunyuze.

Amazina akoreshwa mu mwanya utari uwayo

Dore amwe muri ayo mazina

Fanta: Fanta ni ubwoko bw’ikinyobwa kidasembuye kengwa n’uruganda rwa BRALIRWA ku ruhushya rwa Coco-Cola Company, ikigo mpuzamahanga cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ari nacyo gisanzwe gikora ikinyobwa cya Coca-Cola na Fanta z’ubwoko butandukanye.

Mu Rwanda, ibinyobwa byose bidasembuye bya BRALIRWA usanga abantu benshi babyita Fanta; ukumva umuntu aravuze ati mumpe Fanta Coca, Fanta Tonic cyangwa Fanta Sprite, kandi izina Fanta ari umwihariko wa Orange, Citron, Fiesta na Pineapple gusa.
Naho Coca-Cola, Sprite na Krest (Tonic) bikaba ari ibinyobwa byitwa bityo nyine, nta kubanzaho izina Fanta imbere yabyo.

Muri rusange rero ibinyobwa byose bidasembuye bikorwa na BRALIRWA izina rusange ryabyo ni Soda. Bivuze ngo igihe ugiye kwaka kimwe muri byo, ushobora kuvuga uti mumpe soda runaka (Coca, Sprite na Krest) cyangwa (Fanta Citron, Orange, Fiesta na Pineapple).

OMO: Isabune y’ifu ya OMO ikorerwa muri Connecticut (USA), ariko mu Rwanda yigeze kujya ikorwa n’uruganda rwa Sulfo rwari rwarabisabiye uruhushya.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, mu Rwanda habayeho kuvugurura politike y’ubukungu, haza ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, dutangira kubona ubundi bwoko bw’amasabune y’ifu afite andi mazina nka NOMI, Sunlight, Klin, Oxi n’izindi, ariko umuntu yajya muri butike ukumva aravuze ati nimumpe OMO ya Nomi cyangwa ya Sunlight.

Colgate: Colgate ni ubwoko bw’umuti woza amenyo, hakaba ubwitwa Closeup, Signale, Freshdent, Aquafresh, ABCdent, Elmex...ariko mu Rwanda izina Colgate ryahindutse nk’icyita rusange cy’imiti yose yoza amenyo: Mumpe Colgate ya Signale!

Pampers: Iri ni izina ry’ubwoko bw’umwambaro w’imbere w’abana b’impinja batarabasha kujya mu bwiherero, ariko abantu benshi bakoresha iryo zina no ku yandi mako: Pampers ya Evey baby, Momi, Bonjour...hari n’abibeshya bakazita pampex kandi ari Pampers.

BIC: Bic ni ubwoko bw’ikaramu yamamaye ku isi hose, ariko mu Rwanda Bic yahindutse nk’izina rusange ku makaramu yose aho usanga bavuga ngo Bic ya: Ball pen, Allwritte, Parker…

Byeri (Bière): Mu Rwanda hari ubwoko butandukanye bw’inzoga zisembuye zizwi ku izina rusange rya byeri (bière) urugero nka Primus, Miitzig, Amstel, Skol, Turbo, Heineken n’izindi, ariko kubera ko Primus yamaze igihe kinini ari yo nzoga izwi na benshi mu gihugu (1950 - 1987), byageze aho abantu bumva ko byeri ari Primus gusa. Ni ha handi umuntu ajya mu kabari ati mumpe byeri, bamubaza bati iyihe, ati byeri yewe! Ashaka kuvuga Primus.

Abahanga mu miterere y’umubiri w’umuntu bavuga ko amaguru yombi afite 50% by’imitsi iri mu mubiri w’umuntu, bityo 50% by’amaraso akaba atembera mu mubiri anyuze muri iyo mitsi.

Ubuvuzi bwa gihanga n’ubuvuzi bwa kizungu, bwombi buhuriye ku kwemera ko ibirenge ari ingingo z’umubiri w’umuntu zishobora kugaragaza ko afite ibibazo mu mubiri cyangwa afite ubuzima bwiza. Ni yo mpamvu abantu bafite amaguru afite imikaya ikomeye kubera kuyakoresha siporo usanga n’imitima yabo iba imeze neza.

Uko umuntu agenda asaza, ubudahusha n’umuvuduko wo kohereza amabwiriza hagati y’ubwonko n’amaguru cyangwa ibirenge, bigenda bigabanuka kurusha uko biba bimeze iyo umuntu akiri muto.

Uko igihe kigenda gishira, ibikomeza amagufa biziwi nka kalisiumu nabyo bigenda bigabanuka ndetse bikagera aho bigashira kubera iza bukuru ari yo mpamvu abantu bashaje bagira ibyago byo kudakira imvune z’amagufa byihuse. Bityo gukora imyitozo y’amaguru ugenda buri munsi, bukaba ari bumwe mu buryo bwongera amahirwe yo gusaza ufite amagufa y’amaguru atavunika ubusa.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gisakaza amakuru arebana n’ikoranabuhanga mu bumenyi bw’umubiri w’umuntu, gikorera mu isomero ry’igihugu ry’Ubuvuzi (National Library of Medicine), bugaragaza ko 15% by’abarwayi bashaje bahitanwa n’imvune z’igufa ry’ikibero mu gihe kitarenze umwaka umwe.

Gukora imyitozo y’amaguru ntabwo bigombera imyaka runaka kuko no ku myaka 60 cyangwa irenzeho umuntu yabikora.

Nubwo amaguru cyangwa birenge by’umuntu bigenda bisaza uko imyaka yiyongera, gukora imyitozo y’amaguru ni ibintu buri wese yagombye kugira ihame mu buzima, byibuze ugakora urugendo rw’intambwe ibihumbi 10 buri munsi kugira ngo ugabanye umuvuduko wo gusaza.

Muri make niba ubishoboye, genda n’amaguru byibuze iminota 30 – 40 buri munsi kugira ngo imikaya y’amaguru yawe ikomere, ari nako wiyongerera amahirwe yo kurwanya indwara zifata umutima.

Ubushyuhe bukabije buterwa n’izuba ry’igikatu akenshi bubaho mu gihe cy’impeshyi bukamara iminsi myinshi ari nako bugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu, harimo no kwiyongera kw’impfu zifitanye isano n’izuba ryinshi.

Ubushyuhe burenze urugero ni kimwe mu biza karemano biteye inkeke, ariko ugasanga abantu ntibabyitaho uko bikwiye kubera ko impfu biteza n’ibindi byangirika iteka bitaza bihutiyeho.

Guhera mu 1998-2017, abantu barenga 166.000 bishwe n’ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bukabije, harimo abasaga 70.000 bapfuye mu 2003 ku mugabane w’Uburayi, nk’uko raporo ya OMS ibigaragaza.

Ingaruka z’ubushye bukabije ku batuye isi zikomeje kwiyongera kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ku rwego rw’isi, ubushyuhe burenze urugero bukomeza kwiyongera ari mu nshuro, igihe bumara n’ubukana bwabo. Hagati ya 2000 na 2016, umubare w’abantu bagezweho n’ubushyuhe bukabije warazamutse ugera kuri miliyoni 125 hirya no hino ku isi.

Mu gihe ingaruka z’ubushyuhe zishobora kuba mbi cyane ku batuye mu mijyi kubera ko n’ubusanzwe harangwa n’ubushyuhe buterwa n’imibereho yaho (UHI effect), imibereho n’ubuzima bwiza by’abatuye mu byaro nayo ishobora kugerwaho n’ingaruka haba mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bukabije ndetse na nyuma yabwo.

Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora kubera umutwaro ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi na serivisi z’ubutabazi, amazi akagabanuka, ingufu n’ubwikorezi bikahazaharira bityo n’umuriro w’amashyanyarazi ukaba mucye cyangwa ukabura.

Kwihaza mu biribwa no kugira imibereho myiza nabyo bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye, kuko mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bukabije imyaka irangirika n’amatungo akazahara, ubuzima bw’umuntu bukahagendera.

Dore uko dusabwa kwitwara mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bukabije (Amashusho)

Shaka ubufasha niba wumva utameze neza

Gerageza kujya kure y’ibintu bishyushye

Abantu bakunze kwibwira ko igihe imbwa zirimo kuzunguza umurizo ziba zishimye, nyamara ngo ntabwo ari ko biba bimeze buri gihe.

Kuzunguza umurizo kw’imbwa ni nk’uburyo bwo kuganira cyangwa ururimi zikoresha ubwarwo. Kubera ko zibikora zishaka gutanga ubutumwa, imbwa ntabwo zizunguza imirizo mu buryo bumwe iyo nta muntu urimo kuzireba.

Igihe rero hari umuntu cyangwa indi mbwa, injangwe n’ibindi binyabuzima hafi yazo, icyo gihe uburyo zizunguza imirizo biba bifite icyo bisobanura ku buryo zirimo kwiyumva. Mbese bifate nk’uko abantu nabo badapfa kwivugisha iyo nta muntu uhari ngo abumve.

Na none intera imbwa izamuraho umurizo wayo ukaguma hejuru, nabyo bifite igisobanuro cyihariye. Niba imbwa yawe yazamuye umurizo cyane, icyo gihe uzamenye ko iri maso kandi yumva ko nta cyayikanga. Niba umurizo umanuye, bivuze ko imbwa yawe iciye bugufi, ishobora no kuba idatekanye cyangwa itamerewe neza mu mubiri.

Igihe umurizo uri hagati na hagati, byerekana ko imbwa yawe irimo kumva ituje muri yo. Wabigereranya n’uburyo umenya uko umuntu amerewe ugendeye ku ijwi rye.
Dore uburyo bwo kuzunguza umurizo bumenyerewe cyane n’icyo busobanura:

Kuzunguza umurizo byoroheje

Kuzunguza umurizo byoroheje

Kuzunguza umurizo gutyo ni nk’indamukanyo y’ubushuti mufitanye. Icyo gihe umurizo ntabwo uba wikoza hirya no hino wizunguza cyane, kandi ni uburyo imbwa ikoresha igerageza kugusuhza cyangwa kukwereka ko ihari ku bwawe.

Kuzunguza umurizo hirya no hino

Kuzunguza umurizo hirya no hino cyane

Ubu ni bwo buryo imbwa yereka shebuja ko imwishimiye cyane, ni nabwo buryo abantu benshi bamenyereye. Icyo gihe imbwa yawe iba irimo kukubwira ko ikwishimiye kandi inezerwe. Ubu buryo bwo kuzunguza umurizo nta bwo bugomba kugutera ubwoba kandi niba imbwa yawe irimo no kunyeganyeza amayunguyungu icyarimwe n’umurizo, ni uburyo bwo kukwereka ko ifite ishyaka ryinshi.

Kuzunguza umurizo gake gake

Kuzunguza umurizo gake gake

Igihe umurizo utazamuye cyane, ni ikimenyetso cy’uko imbwa yawe yumva nta gushyikirana cyane yifuza. Ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cyihariye cyo kugaragaza ko nta bwoba ifite cyangwa ko iciye bugufi, kandi icyo gihe imbwa yawe ishobora kuba yumva idatekanye muri ako kanya.

Kuzunguza umurizo gato yihuta cyane

Kuzunguza umurizo gato yihuta cyane

Niba umurizo w’imbwa yawe uri hejuru kandi wizunguza ku ntera nto unihuta cyane, icyo gihe umenye ko hari icyo imbwa yawe yitegura gukora. Niba ibikora igakurikizaho gusimbagurika, bivuze ko iba iri hafi kwiruka kuko yumvise ikintu kitizewe gishobora kuba kiri hafi aho kandi ko yiteguye kugihinda.

Abantu bafite imbwa baba bazi uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyikirana nazo butagombera amajwi, ariko kuzunguza umurizo kwazo ni bwo buryo buri rusange kandi kubumenya bifasha gusobanukirwa ururimi-ngiro rwazo utabanje kubitekerezaho.

Guhuza izi nyito bikomoka ku ikosa ryakozwe n’Icyongereza ahagana mu 1066

Ijambo avocat, nk’uko turizi mu gifaransa, ryatangiye gukoreshwa ku mugabane w’Uburayi biturutse ku ijambo ry’icyesipanyole (Espagnol) ‘aguacate’, naryo rikomoka mu kinya ‘Nahuatl’ ururimi rukoreshwa muri Mexique ariko bo bakavuga ‘āhuacatl’.

Iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga mu buryo bwo kuzimiza bashaka kuvuga kimwe mu bice bigize ubugabo cy’ahagana hepfo, bamwe bita udusabo tw’intangagabo (Amabya). Icyo gihe ni bwo ryaje kwitiranywa n’ijambo ry’Icyesipanyole ‘abogado’ risobanura umunyamategeko bitewe n’ikosa ryakozwe mu Cyongereza cya kera.

Ijwi ‘b’ mu Cyesipanyole icyo gihe bakundaga kurivuga nka ‘v’, bigatuma ijambo ‘abogado’ rivugika nka ‘avocado’ nk’uko bimeze kugeza ubu mu Cyongereza iyo bavuze avoka nk’urubuto. Icyongereza ni nacyo cyabikongeje mu Gifaransa ariko hatariho inyajwi ‘o’, maze birangira habonetse ijambo avocat.

Ni mu gihe ijambo avoka (avocat) nk’umunyamategeko, ryo rikomoka mu kilatini ‘advocatus’, bisobanura umwunganizi. Naho mu Cyongereza ijambo ‘advocate’ ryaburijemo ‘avocat’ ryakoreshwaga mu Cyongereza bitaga igiciriritse ahagana mu 1066.

Nuko rero, kubera ko n’Ikinyarwanda cyagiye gitira amagambo atandukanye hirya no hino, ni ko kwisanga tugira ijambo avoka rikoreshwa ku rubuto ruribwa, n’ijambo avoka risobanura umwunganizi mu mategeko, yombi akandikwa kimwe mu Gifaransa (Avocat).

Bob Marley yakundaga Imana cyane

Ariko se tumurebeye mu myemerere ishingiye kuri Bibiliya, Robert Nesta Marley mu mazina ye yose, yari muntu ki? Ese yemeraga Bibiliya?

Mu kiganiro yigeze kugirana n’umunyamakuru i Sydney, Australia mu 1979, bamubajije icyo atekereza ku kuba benshi mu bitabira ibitaramo bye higanjemo abakunda gusoma Bibiliya, Bob Marley asubiza ko atabarenganya kuko Bibiliya bayibwiwe uko itari.

Umunyamakuru yaramubajije ati “Mu ndirimbo zawe, ukunze kugaruka ku mirongo yo muri Bibiliya, ariko benshi mu rubyiruko rwaje mu gitaramo cyawe ntabwo bakemera Bibiliya!”
Bob Marley yarasubije ati “Kubera ko uburyo bigishijwemo Bibiliya si ko Bibiliya ivuga. Urumva, kandi nanjye iyo nza kuba mba mu isi aho Bibiliya isobanurwa nk’uko isobanurwa buri munsi, nanjye sinari kujya nsoma Bibiliya.

Kuko kugira ngo umenye Bibiliya by’ukuri, ugomba kuyikunda, kubera ko Bibiliya ni igitabo gisobanura iremwa ry’umuntu. Ni cyo gitabo cyonyine gishobora kukwereka inkomo y’umuntu, nta kubogama, kwirata, kwiyemera, ibintu nk’ibyo. Imana yacu gusa. Nta kindi…
“Abakirisitu bose, nako abantu bose bajya mu nsengero, basobanura Bibiliya nk’uko bayibwirwa n’abavugabutumwa, kandi atari ko iri. Kubera ko ikintu rudasumbwa ni ubuzima, ubuzima tubayeho. Abavugabutumwa basoma Bibiliya bakakubwira ngo ugomba gupfa mbere yo kujya mu ijuru. Ntabwo ariko Bibiliya ivuga…

Bibiliya ivuga ko ugomba kuba mu ijuru, ntabwo ugomba gupfa ngo ubone kujya mu ijuru, ahubwo ugomba kuba mu ijuru. Erega, hari ahantu henshi ku isi hashobora kuba mu ijuru, ariko kuri twebwe Afurika ni ryo juru ryacu, kuko ni ho dukomoka…

Urabona nkawe ukomoka mu Busuwisi, kuba abantu baho bazi Imana, ibyo bishobora kubafasha kubaho mu mahoro, ubumwe, umutuzo, ariko urabizi isi yameze amenyo kubera gutwarwa n’imitungo…

Nawe ubuzima urabuzi, iyo urwaye ujya kwa muganga, nta muntu wifuza gupfa. Niba rero udashaka gupfa ni ukuvuga ko hari impamvu ibitera, urashaka kumenya Imana kugira ngo uyikorere…

Twebwe aba rasta ntabwo tujya muri politike, twibera muri gakondo yacu, ibyaremwe bituruka ku nkomoko ya muntu…twebwe rero nk’aba rasta, twiringira inkomoko yacu ari yo Mana….nk’uko ubizi politike icyo ishyira imbere ni ugucamo ibice kugira ngo uyobore, politike ntabwo yereka abantu Imana…

Politike ikubwira ko hari umuntu ushobora kugira icyo agukorera…Ariko twe tuzi ko Imana ishobora byose, uruta abandi rero wo gukorana nawe ni Imana. Iyo ukorana n’Imana ntujya muri politike. Kubera ko politike icamo ibice kugira ngo iyobore…

Bob Marley ntiyemeraga uburyo Bibiliya yigishijwe

Bob Marley wamamaye mu njyana ya Reggae ahagana mu 1970 kugeza atabarutse mu 1981 azize kanseri, mu ndirimbo ze nyinshi hagarukamo ubutumwa bw’urukundo, kwihanganirana no gukunda bibiliya, ari nabyo byamuranze mu buzima bwe bugufi yamaze ku isi kuko yitabye Imana afite imyaka 36 gusa azize kanseri y’uruhu yitwa Melanoma.

Abakurikiraniye hafi ubuzima bwe, bavuga ko iyo kanseri yatewe n’igikomere yagize ku ino ry’igikumwe arimo gukina umupira w’amaguru, abaganga bamubwiye ko rigomba gucibwa arabyanga, kugeza ubwo kanseri ifashe ibindi bice by’umubiri birimo ibihaha, umwijima n’ubwonko, birangiye imihitanye ku itariki 11 Gicurasi 1981.

Ikiganirompaka cya mbere hagati ya Trump na Biden

Mu ijambo yavugiye muri mitingi yo kuwa Gatanu muri leta ya North Caroline, aho akomeje guhatana yivuye inyuma, Biden yaragize ati "Ndabizi ko ntari umusore, kandi murumva icyo nshaka kuvuga”. Ibi yabivuze nyuma y’uko kuwa Kane yagaragaye mu kiganiro cyanyuze kuri televiziyo ya CNN atabasha guhuza amagambo neza, ubwo yararimo kujya impaka na mukeba we w’umurepubulikani (Republican) Donald Trump.

Biden yakomeje agira ati "Ndemera ko ntakibasha gukandagira ngo nshinge nka mbere…..sinkibasha kujya impaka nk’uko byahoze, ariko nzi neza ibyo ndimo gukora, nzi kuvugisha ukuri, kandi nzi neza ko nshoboye gukora aka kazi."

Umukambwe Joe Biden w’imyaka 81, yakomeje avuga ko n’umutima we na roho, yizeye kongera kuyobora indi manda, ari nako abamushyigikiye bavugiraga rimwe bati “Indi myaka ine”.

Mukeba we Donald Trump ku rundi ruhande, nawe yakoresheje mitingi muri leta ya Virginia aho akomoka, hashize amasaha make agaritse Biden mu kiganirompaka cyanyuze kuri CNN kigakurikirwa n’abantu miliyoni 48 n’abandi babarirwa muri za miliyoni ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Trump w’imyaka 78, yabwiye abamushyigikiye ko ikibazo cya Joe Biden atari imyaka ahubwo ngo ni ubushobozi bwe.

Trump ati “Biden ntashoboye na buhoro."

Donald Trump wigeze kuyobora Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) akaza gutsindwa na Biden mu matora yo mu Gushyingo 2020, yavuze ko atemera abarimo gutekereza ko Biden ashobora gukuramo ake karenge, kuko ngo asanga ari we mukandida wihagazeho agereranyije n’abandi bademukarate, barimo Guverineri wa California Gavin Newsom na Visi Perezida Kamala Harris.

Mu gihe impungenge ku myaka ya Biden atari ubwa mbere zishyirwa ahagaragara, guhuzagurika kwe mu kiganirompaka imbere y’imbaga, no kunyuzamo akabura icyo avuga, byatumye bamwe mu bademukarate bongera kugira impungenge ku bwiyamamaze bwe.

Abayobozi bo mu ishyaka ry’abademukarate, abanyapolitiki, n’abantu ba hafi cyane ya Perezida baganiriye na BBC, bagaragaje ishusho y’ishyaka uburyo rifitiye impungenge imbaraga z’umukandida wabo.

Umudemukarate Nancy Pelosi wigeze kuyobora Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, yavuze ko uburyo Biden yitwaye mu kiganiro cyo kuwa Kane butari bushamaje. Abandi bademukarate, nka Kate Bedingfield, wigeze gushingwa itumanaho mu biro bya Biden, we yavuze ko ikiganiro cye cyari urucantege.

Abaterankunga b’ishyaka ry’abademukarate batifuje kuvugwa amazina baganiriye n’ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye bo ntibariye amagambo. Umwe muri bo yavuze ko uburyo Biden yitwaye ari ugutsindwa kweruye. Undi nawe yungamo ati, "Ahubwo icyari gisigaye ubundi tugakurayo amaso ni uko yari kwitura hasi imbere y’imbaga".

Undi nawe yabwiye ikinyamakuru Financial Times ati, "Rwose agomba (Joe Biden) kwigendera!".

Inzu zubakishije sima

Inzu z’abatishoboye 1991 - 2020

Inzu zo guturamo 1991 - 2022

Mu 1991, mu Rwanda habarurwaga 7,1% by’inzu zubakishije sima, kandi muri zo inyinshi zari ziganje mu mujyi wa Kigali no mu dusantire tw’ubucuruzi. Mu byaro henshi bakoreshaga ishwagara, ahandi bagakurungira n’amase, abandi bakibera muri nyakatsi. Kugeza mu 2022 imiryango ituye mu nzu za sima yabarirwaga muri 48,1% mu gihugu hose, inzu za nyakatsi zo ubu zamaze kuba amateka.

Inzu za sima, zaba iza kera cyangwa iz’ubu, nazo wasangaga ziri mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n’amikoro, ariko ubu mu gihugu hose hari inzu zubatse mu buryo bw’imidugudu nk’uko politike y’igihugu ibisaba, kandi n’abatari mu midugudu, abenshi bari mu nzu zubakishije sima nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza: 7,1% (1991), 48,1% (2022).

Abagerwaho n’amazi

Abaturage bagenda bagezwaho amazi hafi yabo

Mu Rwanda, mu 1991 abantu babashaga kubona amazi bari ku kigero cya 26,3%, ariko kugeza ubu amazi aragera kuri 87,4% by’abaturage. Kugira ngo iyo mibare izamuke ku buryo bufatika, byagombye imbaraga nyinshi uhereye ku mpinduka zagiye ziba mu kigo cy’igihugu cyari gishinzwe gukwirakwiza amazi n’amashanyarazi (EECTROGAZ 1976 - 2009), kugeza mu 2014 ubwo cyakorwagamo ibigo bibiri REG na WASAC hagamijwe kunoza no kugeza ibikorwa kuri benshi.

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hari inganda nini enye zitunganya amazi, zirimo urwa Nzonve II mu i Kanyinya mu karere ka Gasabo, rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya m3 105,000 zaje ziyongera kuri m3 15,000 zitangwa n’urwa Karenge mu Karere ka Rwamagana, na m3 25,000 zitangwa n’urwa Kimisagara mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Kuri uwo musaruro kandi, hiyongereyeho utangwa n’uruganda rushya rwa Kanzenze mu Karere ka Bugesera rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya m3 40,000 ku munsi, 30,000 zigakwirakwizwa mu Bugesera, 10,000 mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Abagerwaho n’amashanyarazi

Imibare itangwa na Banki y’Isi, yerekana ko abantu bagerwagaho n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi mu Rwanda mu 1991 bari 2,4%, barazamuka bagera kuri 6% mu 2009, naho mu 2023 bagera kuri 74,$%.
Kugeza ubu u Rwanda rwagejeje amashanyarazi ku kigero cya 100% ku bigo nderabuzima n’inyubako z’ubuyobozi ku rwego rw’akarere no ku kigero cya 84% by’amashuri n’abafite ibikorwa biyabyaza umusaruro (ba rwiyemezamirimo bato n’abaciriritse).

Imihanda ya kaburimbo

U Rwanda rwa mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, by’umwihariko mu 1993, rwarangwaga n’ikirere cyuzuyemo umukungugu cyane cyane mu mpeshyi kubera ko imihanda myinshi yo mu nkengero z’umujyi no mu byaro nta kaburimbo yari irimo.

Mu bice hafi ya byose bikikije umujyi wa Kigali birimo imihanda irimo kaburimbo, hari n’imihanda mishya yaharuwe aho itari iri, ku buryo kugeza ubu muri 2024, mu gihugu hose hari imihanda ireshya na 2,652km yose irimo kaburimbo ivuye kuri 530km mu 1993.

Ubwikorezi

Ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu mu Rwanda nabyo bimaze gutera intambwe ishimishije cyane, kubera ko leta yakomoreye abikorera, ibaha umwanya wo kugira uruhare mu guteza imbere urwo rwego rw’ubucuruzi.

Mu Rwanda rwa mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, habaga ikigo kimwe rukumbi cyo gutwara abantu kitwaga ONATRACOM, cyari gifite bisi zo mu bwoko bwa Nissan na Fuji zabarirwaga muri 40 ahagana mu 1983 na bisi ntoya za Daihatsu 15. Nyuma ya Jenoside ni bwo haje bisi nshya zo mu bwoko bwitwa ISUZU.

Mu kazi ko gutwara abantu, ONATRACOM yunganirwaga n’imodoka nto z’abikorera, ariko nazo zitari zihagije, kuko wasangaga abantu bivanga n’amatungo n’imizigo, ab’intege nke bakahazaharira.

Kugeza mu 2016, ONATRACOM yari ikigerageza gukora ariko icumbagira cyane, ikunganirwa n’ibindi bigo by’abikorera byari bimaze kuba byinshi mu gihugu, kugeza ubwo yaje guseswa kubera kunanirwa kwishyura imyenda ya miliyari 4,6FRW. Bisi zayo zisaga 80 zari zitagikora zaje kugurishwa muri Kenya ahari ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvugurura imodoka zishaje.

ONATRACOM imaze guseswa yasimbuwe na RITCO, kimwe mu bigo 47 bitwara abantu u Rwanda rufite kugeza ubu, byose hamwe bifite imodoka 2,948 zirimo bisi nini n’intoya.

Hoteli zifite inyenyeri

Mu 1991, u Rwanda rwari rufite hoteli ebyiri gusa zifite inyenyeri (Hotel des Mille Collines na Hotel Meridien Umubano). Ariko kugeza mu 2022, mu gihugu habarirwaga hoteli 37 zifite inyenyeri, harimo izifite inyenyeri eshanu (Kigali Marriot Hotel, One&Only Gorilla’s Nest, Radisson Blu Hotel & Convention Centre n’izindi).

Andi makuru kuri Hoteli zifite inyenyeri kanda hano —>

Abakerarugendo

Ubukerarugendo ni rwo rwego nyamukuru rwinjiriza u Rwanda amadevize. Imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Iterambere RDB, yerekana ko amadevize yinjiye yazamutse ku kigero cya 25% buri mwaka uhereye mu 2013-2018.

Ubukerarugendo kandi bugira uruhare nyamukuru mu guteza imbere ibyoherezwa hanze. Mu 2014 honyine, ubukerarugendo bwinjije miliyoni 305 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Ni mu gihe Raporo ya RDB yo mu 2023 yerekana ko ibyo ubukerarugendo bwinjije byazamutseho 36% bivuye kuri miliyoni 445$ mu 2022 bigera kuri miliyoni 620$ mu 2023 (angana hafi na miliyari 800FRW).

Uyu musaruro ukaba waraturutse ku mubare w’abakerarugendo basura u Rwanda wagiye wiyongera uko imyaka ishira indi igataha, kuko imibare ihari igaragaza ko mu 1988 u Rwanda rwasuwe na bamukerarugendo 32,000 ugereranyije na miliyoni 1,4 barusuye mu 2023.

Ingagi (Ifoto y’imva ya Dian Fossey 1985, n’iy’abakerarugendo basuye ingagi 2022)
Mu 1989, muri Parike y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga y’u Rwanda habarirwaga ingagi 355, ariko kugeza ubu imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB), igaragaza ko mu 2024, mu Rwanda hari ingagi 1,000 harimo 604 zo mu Birunga.

Uku kwiyongera bikaba biterwa n’imbaraga zashyizwe mu gusigasira ingagi, by’umwihariko izo mu Birunga, kuko kugeza ubu zitakibarizwa ku rutonde rw’ibinyabuzima biri mu marembera, nk’uko byari byifashe mu myaka 21 ishize.

Imibare itangwa na RDB kandi, igaragza ko u Rwanda rwinjije Miliyoni 247 z’Amadolari ya Amerika mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2023, aho yazamutse ku kigero cya 56% ugereranyije n’amezi atandatu ya 2022.

Abantu bavuga indimi zirenze rumwe

Mu 1991, haba mu nzego z’ubutegetsi, ubucuruzi, ubukerarugendo n’izindi, wasangaga abantu bari bashoboye kuvuga indimi zirenze rumwe ari mbarwa kuko bari ku kigero cya 8,3% ugereranyije na 24,8% mu 2024.

Iri terambere mu mikoreshereze y’indimi ryatewe n’uko mu Rwanda, uko imyaka yagiye ishira, haje amashuri yigenga, harimo n’ayo ku rwego mpuzamahanga yigisha mu Gifaransa no mu Cyongereza, amwe muri yo akigisha n’izindi ndimi ari nako hakenerwa abarimu bazi neza izo ndimi baba abo mu Rwanda cyangwa abaturutse hanze.

Raporo yakozwe na Banki y’Isi mu 2018, yagaragaje ko hakenewe cyane amahugurwa y’abarimu mu Cyongereza kuko 38% by’abigisha kuva mu wa mbere kugira mu wa gatatu ari bo bonyine bari bafite ubumenyi buhagije mu Cyongereza.

Abafite ubumuga bwo kutavuga no kumva, nabo kugeza ubu babasha gukurikira amakuru kuri televiziyo nyuma y’uko leta y’u Rwanda ishyizeho gahunda yo guhugura abanyamakuru mu gukoresha imvugo y’amarenga.

Mu Rwanda kandi hari amashuri yigisha indimi zitandukanye, zirimo, Igiswayili, Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igishinwa, Ikidage, Igiporutigali, Icyesipanyole n’izindi.

Ingoro z’umurage

Kubera politike mbi yari ishingiye ku kugoreka amateka y’igihugu, mu Rwanda nta mbaraga zigeze zishyirwa mu kubungabunga amateka n’umurage by’igihugu. Mu 1990, u Rwanda rwari rufite inzu ndangamurage ebyiri gusa, nazo zitari zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Iyamenyekanye cyane n’inzu ndangamurage w’u Rwanda ya Butare (Huye), yaje guhinduka Ingoro y’Umurage w’Amateka y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda. Indi ni ingoro y’umurage yitiriwe Richard Kandt umukoloni w’umudage (Nyarugenge-Kigali).

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hari ingoro z’umurage zikurikira:

1. Ingoro y’Umurage w’Amateka y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda
2. Ingoro y’Abami mu Rukari
3. Ingoro Ndangamurage yo Kwigira
4. Ingoro y’Umurage Yitiriwe Kandt
5. Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Guhagarika Jenoside (Igizwe n’ibice bibiri)
6. Ingoro y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni
7. Ingoro y’Umurage w’Ibidukikije
8. Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Kubohora u Rwanda

Fungura —> hano urebe ibisobanuro n’amafoto bijyanye n’Ingoro n’Ahantu ndangamurage/ndangamateka

Abandi bagize uruhare muri iyi nkurur:

Anne Marie Niwemwiza
Jean de la Croix Tabaro
Fred Mwasa

Indirimbo ’Ogera’ ya Bruce Melody na Bwiza ni imwe benshi bakomeje kwemeza ko ari yo ndirimbo iryoheye amatora y’u Rwanda

Ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza ku bahatanira umwanya wa Perezida no kujya mu Nteko Ishinga amategeko ni kuri uyu wa Gatandatu 22 Kamena 2024, bikaba byitezwe ko site 19 ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu ari zo zateguriwe ibikorwa byo kwamamaza umukandida wa FPR-lnkotanyi ku mwanya w’Umukuru w’Igihugu, nka kimwe mu bikorwa mboneragihugu by’imbaturamugabo byitabirwa n’abantu b’ingeri zose.

Nk’uko bimaze kumenyerwa, igihe kibanziriza amatora n’igihe cyo kwiyamamaza, ni umwanya mwiza mu nganzo y’abahanzi n’abaririmbyi haba hongeye kuba umwezi, ubundi bagakora mu nganzo bagahimba indirimbo zigaruka ku bigwi bya FPR-Inkotanyi n’umuyobozi wayo ari we Kagame Paul, akaba na Perezida uriho ubu.

Bamwe muri abo bahanzi usanga hari abishyira hamwe, abandi bagahitamo gukora bonyine ariko bose bagahuriza ku ngingo imwe: Gusigasira ibyagezweho no kwamagana abanenga u Rwanda kubera ipfunwe baterwa n’aho rugeze.

Ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa YouTube hakomeje kunyuraho indirimbo nyinshi ziri muri uwo mujyo, ariko tugiye kurebera hamwe eshanu z’ibanze zikomeje gukurura benshi ukurikije inshuro zimaze kurebwa.

Nywe PK24 - Nel Ngabo

Iyi ndirimbo yabanje kukanyuzaho bwa mbere mu 2021 yitwa ‘Nywe’ Nel Ngabo ayisubiramo ayita ‘Nywe PK24’, ashyiramo amagambo ashima Perezida Kagame Paul kuba ari umuyobozi w’intangarugero n’ibikorwa bye by’indashyikirwa bimaze kugeza u Rwanda ku rwego rwo gukundwa n’abanyagihugu no kubahwa n’amahanga mu myaka 30 ishize.

Mu ndirimbo Nywe PK24, umuhanzi Nel Ngabo ataka Umukuru w’Igihugu nk’umugabo urangwa n’ibikorwa kandi imvugo ye ikaba ingiro.

Ngabo usanzwe akorana na Kina Music, ashimangira ko Abanyarwanda bashyize imbere kugira amahitamo ababereye kandi ko nta n’umwe ugomba kuza kubatobera igihugu cyangwa ngo agerageze gushaka kubafatira ibyemezo binyuranye n’icyerekezo cy’igihugu.

Nywe PK24 imaze kurebwa inshuro zisaga ibihumbi 375 mu byumweru bibiri imaze isubiwemo. By’umwihariko isaba abajora u Rwanda kureka guta umwanya bavuga ngo ‘Nywe’, kuko ibyo Kagame yakoreye igihugu hari igihe byasaga n’ibidashoboka, bityo igihugu kikaba kidamaraye kuko gifite icyizere cy’ejo hazaza heza kurushaho.

Ogera - Bruce Mélodie ft. Bwiza

Mu minsi itanu gusa imaze isohotse, indirimbo Ogera ya Bruce Mélodie na Bwiza, benshi bakomeje kwemeza ko ari yo ndirimbo iryoheye amatora y’u Rwanda kandi n’inshuro imaze kurebwa zirabigaragaza. Abantu basaga ibihumbi 332 kuri YouTube, ikaba iri no ku zindi mbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye za muzika.

Ogera ya Bwiza na Bruce Mélodie

‘Ogera’ yatunganyijwe na Producer Element, ivuga ku rubyiruko rugiye gutora bwa mbere ruri mu kigero kimwe na Bwiza, ikanavuga ku bari mu kigero kimwe n’icya Bruce Mélodie bamaze gutora kenshi.

Mu ndirimbo yabo, abahanzi bombi bakoresheje imvugo iherekejwe n’amashusho y’ibikorwa bifatika, bigaragaza uburyo ku buyobozi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi, u Rwanda rwageze ku burumbuke n’iterambere bidasubirwaho rutari rwarigeze rugira na rimwe mu mateka yarwo.

Contre Succès remix - Dr Claude

Undi muhanzi uri mu bamaze kuba ubukombe mu mwuga ni Jean Claude Iyamuremye uzwi nka Dr Claude. Nawe mu minsi ishize yavuguruye indirimbo ye yakunzwe cyane ‘Contre succès’, aho avuga ko bikoza ubusa, abahora banenga u Rwanda barimo n’abafite umugambi wo kuvana ku buyobozi Perezida Kagame Paul bakoresheje imbaraga.

Contre Succès ya Dr Claude

Dr Claude avuga ko iyo ari imigambi idafite shinge na rugero kandi ko idashobora kugira icyo igeraho kuko nta kindi ishingiyeho usibye ishyari bafitiye Umukuru w’Igihugu ukunda Abanyarwanda kandi akabishyira mu bikorwa bifatika bimaze kubahindurira ubuzima ku buryo bugaragara.

Muri ibyo bikorwa, umuhanzi agaruka ku kamaro k’uburinganire, guhanga udushya, Girinka, mitiweli, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, umutekano usesuye, uburezi budaheza, byose bikaba byaragezweho ku buyobozi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi. ‘Contre succès’ imaze ibyumweru bibiri ishyizwe kuri YouTube, imaze kurebwa n’abantu basaga ibihumbi 128.

Igikumwe - Khalfan Govinda ft Tom Close, Massamba Intore n’abandi

Umuhanzi Khalfan Govinda umaze kuba icyamamare mu njyana ya Rapp, aherutse kwishyira hamwe na bamwe mu bahanzi b’ibigugu b’Abanyarwanda barimo umuraperi Fireman, Tom Close, Massamba Intore, Marina, na Uncle Austin bahimba indirimbo ‘Igikumwe’, imwe mu zivuga ku matora zikomeje kurebwa cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Indirimbo ’Igikumwe’ yahuriyemo abahanzi b’ibigugu b’Abanyarwanda

Iyo ndirimbo yatunganyijwe na Producer AB Godwin, amashusho yayo yerekana inzira y’iterambere u Rwanda rurimo, uhereye ku bikorwaremezo bya siporo nka BK Arena, Stade Amahoro yavuguruwe, ikibuga cya Kigali Golf Course cy’utwobo 18, ukagera ku burezi, za kaminuza mpuzamahanga n’ibikorwaremezo by’ubuvuzi buteye imbere.

‘Igikumwe’ ni indirimbo yahimbiwe by’umwihariko FPR-Inkotanyi, imaze iminsi itatu ishyizwe ahagaragara, ariko imaze kurebwa n’abantu barenga ibihumbi 192. Urebye uko iteguye, ukumva umudundo wayo, nta kabuza ‘Igikumwe’ izashyushya Abanyarwanda mu gihe cyo kwamamaza FPR-Inkotanyi.

Afande - Danny Vumbi

Umuhanzi Danny Vumbi wamamaye mu kwandika indirimbo no kuzishyira mu majwi, nawe ntiyatanzwe muri uwo murindi w’intore z’indatabigwi zikomeje kurata ibigwi bya Kagame Paul, basaba Abanyarwanda kumutora kuko ari inyungu z’u Rwanda.

’Afande’ ya Danny Vumbi

Abinyujije mu njyana ya Afrobeat izwiho gukura abantu hasi, hamwe na producer Loader, Danny Vumbi nawe yaduhaye ‘Afande’, indirimbo nshya irata ibigwi bya Perezida Kagame aho amwita ‘Afande’, izina rimenyerewe mu gisirikare rigasobanura Uwubashywe.

Indirimbo ‘Afande’ imaze iminsi umunani isohotse, ariko kugeza ubu imaze kurebwa n’abantu basaga ibihumbi 129.

Inama y’Abaminisitiri yabaye kuwa 12 Kamena 2024 yashyizeho abayobozi bashya muri Guverinoma abandi bahindurirwa inshingano, ari nabwo Alfred Gasana yagizwe Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Buholandi asimbuye kuri uwo mwanya Olivier Nduhungirehe.

Alfred Gasana yakoze imirimo itandukanye, aho yabaye Intumwa ya Rubanda mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 2011 akuriye Komisiyo ya Politiki.

Yabaye Minisitiri w’Umutekano Imbere mu gihugu mu Kuboza 2021 avuye mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano n’Iperereza (NISS), aho yari akuriye Ishami rishinzwe Umutekano w’Imbere mu gihugu.

Gasana yayoboye Minisiteri y’Umutekano asimbuye Gen Patrick Nyamvumba wayiyoboye amezi atanu akaza gukurwaho mu 2020, minisiteri ikongera gusubiraho mu Kuboza 2021 ari nabwo yahawe Alfred Gasana wari ugiye kuyimaramo imyaka hafi itatu.

Dr Vincent Biruta wahawe iyo Minisiteri, yayoboye Minisiteri zitandukanye zirimo iy’Ububanyi n’Amahanga guhera mu, iy’Ubuzima, iy’Abakozi ba Leta, iy’Ubwokorezi n’Itumanaho, iy’Uburezi n’iy’Umutungo Kamere. Yanabaye Perezida wa Sena imyaka icyenda.

Bill Anders wafotoye Isi bwa mbere ari ku Kwezi

Abayobozi bavuze ko indege nto yari atwaye yahanutse ikagwa mu mazi mu majyaruguru y’umujyi wa Seattle, muri Leta ya Washington.

Umuhungu wa Anders, Greg Anders, yemeje ko se ari we wari utwaye iyo ndege, kandi ko umurambo we wabonetse mu masaha y’umugoroba tariki 07 Kamena 2024.

Bill Anders, wari umupilote w’icyogajuru Apollo 8 cyagiye ku kwezi, ni we wafashe ifoto igaragaza Isi mu isanzure, ikaba ari imwe mu mashusho y’umurage w’akataraboneka yafatiwe mu isanzure yerekana Isi uko yakabaye.

Iyo foto yafashwe ku munsi ubanziriza Noheli mu butumwa bwo mu 1968, ubwo Abanyamerika bavaga ku Isi ku nshuro ya mbere bakagera ku Kwezi. Iyo foto yerekana igice cy’Isi isa n’itunguka hakurya mu mwijima, uyireba ahagaze ku butaka bwo ku Kwezi.

Ifoto y’umubumbe w’Isi yafashwe na Bill Anders

Bill Anders na we amaze kubona ubwiza bw’iyo foto, yavuze ko ari wo musanzu we wa mbere yemera yatanze muri gahunda irebana n’ibyo mu isanzure.

Iyo foto ihabwa agaciro gakomeye kagendanye n’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga isi, ari na yo bashingiyeho bashyiraho Umunsi w’Isi nk’igikorwa ngarukamwaka cyo guteza imbere ibikorwa bigamije gufata neza umubumbe.

Umuraperi Sean ’Diddy’ Combs mu 2014, ahabwa impamyabumenyi y’icyubahiro na Kaminuza ya Howard

Ibi bitangajwe nyuma y’igihe gito televiziyo ya CNN yerekanye amashusho ya kamera za CCTV agaragaza Diddy akubita umukobwa bigeze gucudika, amukurubana hasi mu kirongozi cya hoteli.

Mu itangazo kaminuza ya Howard yaraye ishyizwe ahagaragara, yavuze ko imyitwarire babonye muri ayo mashusho inyuranye cyane n’amahame shingiro n’indangagaciro ndetse n’imyemerere yabo, bityo akaba atakiri ku rwego rwo gutunga igihembo cy’indashyikirwa gitangwa n’iyo kaminuza.

Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs wigeze kwitwa Puff Daddy, mu kwezi gushize yasabye imbabazi nyuma y’uko iyo videwo igiye ku karubanda, imwerekana arimo gukubita umuririmbyikazi Cassandra "Cassie" Ventura wigeze kuba umukunzi we.

Diddy yavuze ko nawe ubwe yatewe ikimwaro n’ibyo yakoze, ndetse yemeza ko nyuma yaho yagiye gushaka ubujyanama kugira ngo afashwe kugaruka mu nzira nziza, kandi ngo yanasabye Imana kumugirira impuhwe n’imbabazi.

Mu 2014 ni bwo kaminuza ya Howard yageneye Diddy impamyabumenyi y’icyubahiro.

Mu itangazo yasohoye kuwa Gatanu, Howard University yavuze ko izavanaho na gahunda ya kwishyurira abanyeshuri yamwitiriwe ndetse ikanasesa amasezerano y’impano yo mu 2016 bagiranye n’uwo mu raperi.

Ni amasezerano y’impano ya $1m (asaga miliyali imwe FRW) Sean ‘Diddy’ Combs yahaye iyo kaminuza binyuze mu muryango yashinze witwa The Sean Combs Foundation. Uyu muryango ariko kugeza ubu nturagira icyo utangaza ku byabaye.

Yolanda Sánchez yarasiwe mu mujyi wa Cotija yari abereye umuyobozi kuva muri Nzeri 2023, akaba ari nawe wabaye umugore wa mbere watorewe uwo mwanya.

Ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi ku banyapolitike byatambamiye cyane amatora rusange yo muri Mexico, amatora yagize umwihariko wo kugaragaramo abakandida babiri b’abagore ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu.

Yolanda Sánchez yaguye mu gico cy’abantu bitwaje intwaro rwagati mu mujyi wa Cotija ku mugoroba wa kuwa mbere. Ibinyamakuru by’imbere mu gihugu byatangaje iyi nkuru kuri uyu wa kabiri, biravuga ko yarashwe inshuro 19 ashiramo umwuka ageze kwa muganga, uwamurindaga nawe yaguye muri icyo gitero.

Kugeza ubu nta bantu baratabwa muri yombi kuri ubwo bwicanyi, ariko amakuru ahari aravuga ko abagabye icyo gitero basanzwe bakorana n’agatsiko k’abicanyi babigize umwuga.

Iyicwa rye ribaye nyuma y’umunsi umwe gusa muri Mexico habaye amatora rusange yaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bwibasiye abakandida.

Abantu barenga 20 mu biyamazaga barishwe kuva muri Nzeri nk’uko imibare itangwa n’ubuyobozi ibivuga, ariko imibare itangwa n’inzego zigenga iravuga ko abishwe babarirwa muri 40.

Amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu muri Mexico yegukanywe na Claudia Sheinbaum, uzarahira kuya 01 Ukwakira nka perezida wa mbere w’umugore ugiye kuyobora igihugu.

Amakuru aturuka muri Uganda aravuga ko Kwizera na Uwingabire biyemereye ko ari bo bishe uwari umukoresha wabo Geofrey Twinomujuni Ntegyire kuwa Gatanu tariki 31 Gicurasi, bakamwica bakoresheje inyundo.

Mu ibazwa ryabo, abakekwaho ubwicanyi bavuze ko icyatumye bamwica ari uko ngo yabahozaga ku nkeke abatuka.

Umuvugizi wa Polisi ya Uganda muri Kisoro, Elly Maate, yabwiye ikinyamakuru the Daily Monitor ko Kwizera na Uwingabire bafatiwe ku mupaka wa Bunagana bashaka gutoroka.

Elly Maate yakomeje avuga ko nyuma yo kwica umukoresha wabo, Kwizera n’umugore we bibye igare, ipasi na radiyo byari mu rugo rwa nyakwigendera.

Abakekwaho ubwicanyi (Kwizera Désiré na Uwingabire Kwizera) ubu bafungiwe kuri sitasiyo ya police ya Kabale, aho bategereje kuzashyikirizwa ubutabera mu minsi ya vuba.

Rupert Murdoch w’imyaka 93 n’umugore we wa gatanu Elena Zhukova w’imyaka 67

Umukambwe Murdoch w’imyaka 93 agiye kwisazurana na na Elena Zhukova w’imyaka 67 nk’umugore we wa gatanu, uyu akaba ari Umurusiyakazi w’impuguke mu bumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima.

Hari hashize iminsi bihwihwiswa ko yabengutse Zhukova amaze igihe gito ashakanye na Ann Lesley Smith umuvugabutumwa wigeze kuba umupolisi ariko bakaza gutandukana muri Mata 2023.

Umuherwe Rupet Murdoch ukomoka muri Australia, afite abana batandatu, akaba yari umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo News Corporation kibumbatiye ibigo by’itangazamakuru nka Fox News, the Wall Street Journal, the Sun na the Times.

Mu mwaka ushize ni bwo yasezeye ku buyobozi bukuru bwa Fox na News Corp, asimburwa n’umuhungu we Lachlan.

Bwana Murdoch na madamu Zhukova biravugwa ko bahuriye mu birori byari byateguwe na Wendi Deng, umwe mu bahoze ari abagore be, akaba rwiyemezamirimo ufite inkomoko mu Bushinwa.

Abandi bigeze kuba abagore be ni Umunya Australia Patricia Booker wakoraga mu ndege, Umunya Scotland Anna Mann ukora umwuga w’itangazamakuru, na Jerry Hall, umunyamideri wo muri Amerika akaba n’umukinnyi wa filimi.

Madamu Zhukova mbere yari yarashakanye na Alexander Zhukov, umuherwe w’Umurusiya ufite ibigega bya peterori, mu gihe umukobwa wabo Dasha – icyamamare ku mbuga nkoranyambaga akaba n’umucuruzi – yigeze gushakana n’umutagire w’Umurusiya Roman Abramovich kugeza mu 2017.

Rupert Murdoch yatangiye akazi k’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku bitangazamakuru muri Australia ahagana 1950, aza kugera ku bushobozi bwo kugura ibitangazamakuru News of the World na the Sun newspapers byo mu Bwongereza mu 1969. Hashize igihe yaje no kugura ibinyamakuru bitandukanye byo muri US birimo New York Post na Wall Street Journal.

Mu 1996 yatangije Fox News, televiziyo yerekana amakuru irebwa cyane kurusha izindi muri US. Binyuze mu kigo News Corp cyabonye izuba mu 2013, bwana Murdoch aracyari nyiri ibitangazamakuru bibarirwa mu magana bikorera muri US no hirya no hino ku isi.

N’ubwo umwuga we wamuhiriye muri rusange, ntiyabuze guhura n’ibizazane mu bihe bitandukanye. Kimwe mu bihe bitamubereye byiza ni iyumvirizwa ry’ibiganiro byo kuri telefone ryabereye mu Bwongereza bikaza kumenyekana ko igitangazamakuru News of the World cyumvirije ubutumwa bw’amajwi (voicemails) yo muri telefone ya Milly Dowler, umunyeshuri w’umukobwa wapfuye yishwe.

Muri Nzeri 2023, ni bwo Murdoch yatangaje ko yeguye ku buyobozi bw’ibigo bye by’itangazamakuru, akabwegurira umuhungu we Lachlan hanyuma agasigarana inshingano zo kuba ashobora kuyobora Fox na News Corp igihe umuyobozi wabyo atabashije kuboneka.

Trump yavuze ko imikirize y’urubanza rwe ari urukozasoni

Trump yavuze ko imikirize y’urwo rubanza ari urukozasoni ndetse yikoma umucamanza Judge Merchan wari uruyoboye.

Ni ubwa mbere mu mateka y’igihugu uwigeze kuba Perezida wa US ahamwa n’ibyaha imbere y’ubutabera.

Biteganyijwe ko Trump azakatirwa ku itariki 11 Nyakanga. Birashoboka ko Trump yahanishwa igifungo, ariko ababikurikiranira hafi baravuga ko gucibwa amande ari byo bihabwa amahirwe cyane.

Isomwa ry’urubanza rwe ribaye mu gihe Trump arimo kwiyamamariza guhatana na Joe Biden mu matora yo mu Gushingo 2024, kandi ngo yemerewe gukomeza kwiyamamaza hatitawe ku byaha byamuhamye nk’uko BBC yabitangaje.

Stormy Daniels ushinja Trump kumucecekesha nyuma yo kuryamana nawe

Urukiko rwumvise abatangabuhamya 22 mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bitandatu, barimo Stormy Daniels wamamaye muri filimi z’urukozasoni (porn), akaba ashinja Trump ko baryamanye akamuha amafaranga ngo ntazabitungutse, ariko Trump arabihakana. Daniels ni nawe wari umutangabuhamya nyamukuru mu rubanza.

Trump arateganya kuza gukoresha ikiganiro n’itangazamakuru mu muturirwa we wa Trump Tower muri New York.

Mbere y’isomwa ry’urubanza rwe, Trump yanditse ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwe rwitwa Truth Social ko icyo kiganiro kiza kuba 11:00 zo muri Amerika, ni ukuvuga 18:00 ku isaha yo mu Rwanda.

Mu baminisitiri 54 bari muri guverinoma nshya ya Congo, 17 ni abagore barimo na Minisitiri w’Intebe Judith Suminwa washyizweho ku itariki 01 Mata 2024

Mu baminisitiri 54 bari muri guverinoma nshya ya Congo, 17 ni abagore barimo na Minisitiri w’Intebe Judith Suminwa washyizweho ku itariki 01 Mata 2024.

Iyi guverinoma yatangajwe n’umuvugizi wa Perezida, Tina Salama, kuri televiziyo y’igihugu mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Gatatu.

Guverinoma yari isanzweho yari irimo abaminisitiri 57.

Guverinoma nshya ya Kinshasa ikuriwe na Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva RDC yabona ubwigenge. Judith Suminwa yasimbuye Sama Lukonde kuwa 01 Mata 2024.

Muri Guverinoma nshya ya Tshisekedi hinjiyemo Kabongo Mwadiamvita wagizwe Minisitiri w’Ingabo asimbuye Jean Pierre Bemba wagizwe minisitiri w’ubwikorezi.

Abandi bashyizwe muri guverinoma ya Kinshasa ni Jacquemain Shabani, Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu wasimbuye Peter Kazadi Guy, Julien Paluku wigeze kuyobora Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru yahawe Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi bwo hanze.

Thérèse Kayikwamba yahawe kuyobora Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga asimbuye Christophe Lutundula, mu gihe Didier Budimbu yagizwe Minisitiri w’imikino n’imyidagaduro asimbuye Claude-François Kabulo Mwana Kabulo.

Constant Mutamba yagizwe Minisitiri w’ubutabera asimbuye Rose Mutombo Kiesse, Yolande Elebe Ma Ndembo agirwa minisitiri w’umuco asimbuye Catherine Kathungu Furaha.

Muri iyi guverinoma nshya igomba kwemezwa n’abagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya RDC, Patrick Muyaya yagumye ku mwanya yari asanzwemo nka Minisitiri w’itangazamakuru n’umuvigizi wa leta.

John Muchiri Kamunge, muramu wa Agnes Wanjiru bivugwa ko wishwe n’abasikare b’Abongereza mu 2012, ahagaze imbere y’imva ye

Ishami ry’Ingabo z’u Bwongereza zishinzwe imyitozo muri Kenya (BATUK) ni kimwe mu bikorwa bifatiye runini ubukungu bwa benshi mu mujyi wa Nanyuki uri rwagati mu gihugu, aho izo ngabo zifite ibirindiro bihoraho, ariko abasirikare bariyo barashinjwa ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi birimo n’ubwicanyi.

Urubanza rwavuzwe cyane ni urwo mu 2012, ubwo umurambo w’Umunyakenyakazi ukiri muto wasangwaga mu kigega cy’amazi cyo mu butaka mu mujyi wa Nanyuki aho yaherukaga kubonwa bwa nyuma ari kumwe n’umusirikare w’Umwongereza.

Umuryango wa Agnes Wanjiru watanze ikirego ku rupfu rwa nyakwigendera w’imyaka 21, ariko urubanza rwakomeje kugenda biguruntege kubera guhora basubika iburanisha.

Amakuru aturuka muri Kenya akaba yemeza ko biteganyijwe ko urwo rubanza ruzasubukurwa tariki 10 Nyakanga.

Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Kenya mu cyumweru gishize yatangaje ko izakira ibirego bine, birimo kimwe cyo muri Nanyuki, ku byaha by’ubugizi bwa nabi bishinjwa abasirikare b’Abongereza bakambitse mu gihugu.

Iyumvwa ry’ibyo birego rizaba hagati yo kuwa Kabiri no kuwa Kane muri iki cyumweru rizakora iperereza ku birego by’ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, birimo gufata ikiremwamuntu nabi, iyicarubozo, gufunga binyuranyije n’amategeko n’ubwicanyi, nk’uko itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’inteko ishinga amategeko ya Kenya ribivuga.

Kuwa Kane w’icyumweru gishize, ambasade y’u Bwongereza muri Kenya yavuze ko ambasaderi Neil Wigan yigeze kubonana n’umuryango wa Wanjiru, utarahwemye gusaba guhabwa ubutabera ku iyicwa ry’umwana wabo.

Ambasaderi Neil Wigan yavuze ko guhura nabo byamuhaye umwanya wo gutega amatwi umuryango no kuwihanganisha. Ambasaderi Wigan kandi yanabijeje ko u Bwongereza buzakomeza gufatanya n’abagenzacyaha b’Abanyakenya mu iperereza ku rupfu rwa Wanjiru.

Mu Kwakira 2021, ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bwongereza The Sunday Times cyanditse inkuru ivuga ko hari umusirikare wibwiriye bagenzi be ko yishe Wanjiru akanabereka umurambo we.

Iyo nkuru yavugaga ko abasirikare bakuru bari bazi iby’iby’ubwo bwicanyi ariko ko ntacyo bigeze babikoraho. Iperereza ryatangiye mu 2019 ariko ntahigeze hatangazwa ibyavuyemo.

Police ya Kenya yavuze ko izatangira gukora iperereza, ikinyanyamakuru the Sunday Times nigishyira ahagaragara ibyo cyagezeho mu icukumbura cyakoze.

Umuryango wa Wanjiru watanze ikirego gishinja ingabo z’u Bwongereza ziri muri Kenya, police ya Kenya, abayobozi b’inzego z’ubutabera ndetse n’abanyapolitike ku rupfu rw’umwana wabo.

Mufti mushya, Sheikh Mussa Sindayigaya

Sheikh Sindayigaya mbere yari ageretse na Mufti ucyuye igihe, Sheikh Salim Hitimana wari ku buyobozi guhera mu 2016, ariko yaje gukuramo ake karenge ku munota wa nyuma asaba ko amajwi ye bayaha Sindayigaya.

Sindayigaya ukomoka mu Karere ka Kamonyi, azungirizwa na Sheikh Yunusu Mushumba. Amatora ya Mufti w’u Rwanda na komite bagiye gukorana, yagombaga kuba yarabaye mu 2020 ariko yaje kurogowa n’icyorezo cya Covid-19.

Mufti Mussa Sindayigaya w’imyaka 43 arubatse afite abana batatu. Yari asanzwe ari muri komite icyuye igihe ya RMC ashinzwe imari n’igenamigambi, akaba yaranakoze imirimo ku rwego rw’ubuyobozi muri Islam kuva mu 2003.

Mufti Sindayigaya yize Tewologiya muri Arabia Saudite ahavana impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (Bachelor’s degree) mu masomo ya Islam, akaba afite n’impamyabushobozi yisumbuyeho (Diploma) mu masomo y’ubuyobozi bwa leta (Public Administration), akagira n’iy’icyiciro cya gatatu (Master’s degree) mu micungire y’ubuyobozi bwa Leta (Public Administration Management)

Kuri ubu Sheikh Mussa Sindayigaya aritegura kurangiza amasomo yo ku rwego rw’ikirenga (PhD) mu buyobozi n’imiyoborere.

Mu ijambo yavuze akimara gutorwa, Mufti Sindayigaya yavuze ko azashyira imbaraga mu mishinga yo kuzamura imibereho y’Abayisilamu abinyujije mu bikorwa bitatu by’ibanze: Ubumwe bw’Abayisilamu, imishinga y’iterambere no kwigira k’Umuryango wa Islam, ndetse n’imiyoborere myiza iherekejwe no gusohoza inshingano.

Mufti ucyuye igihe, Sheikh Salim Hitimana, hamwe n’uwamusimbuye, Sheikh Mussa Sindayigaya

Sheikh Sindayigaya, nka Mufti mushya w’u Rwanda, yijeje igihugu ko azakora ibishoboka byose akarandura ubuhezanguni mu muryango wa Islam, kuko na bo bafite inshingano zo kubaka igihugu, ndetse aboneraho no gusaba bagenzi be bahuje ukwemera, kuzitabira amatora yo muri Nyakanga 2024.

Inkuru bijyanye:

Sheikh Sindayigaya Mussa abaye Mufti w’u Rwanda mushya

Ibiro bye byagize biti "ibikomere bye ntabwo bikabije, ariko hari hakenewe isuzumwa ryihuse”.

Police ya Czech yavuze ko nta perereza yigeze ikora kuko iyo mpanuka yabereye mu gahanda gato gakorerwamo isiganwa kuri moto.

Perezida Pavel w’imyaka 62, azwiho gukunda moto cyane. Muri iki gihe biravugwa ko afite moto yo mu bwoko bwa BMW R1200 GS.

BBC yanditse iyi nkuru iravuga ko atari ubwa mbere Perezida Pavel yikururira ibyago byo gukomereka. Umwaka ushize yasabye imbabazi mu ruhame nyuma yo gushinjwa ko bamubonye atwaye moto atambaye ingofero y’umutekano.

Petr Pavel wigeze kuba mu ngabo za OTAN/NATO ku ipeti rya general, ni perezida wa Repubulika ya Czech kuva muri Werurwe 2023.

Hashize iminsi mike agiye ku butegetsi, yagiye muri leta ya Bavaria mu Budage bw’abaturanyi ari kuri moto. Icyo gihe yanditse kuri Twitter (X) agira ati "The sun, the wind at your back and the strengthening of neighbourly relations with your Bavarian friends. Why not combine the pleasant with the useful," Tugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda: “Izuba, umuyaga ku mugongo, mu ruzinduko rwo gushimangira umubano n’inshuti z’abanya Bavaria, reka tubikora mu buryo bwo guhuza ibishimishije n’iby’ingirakamaro.”

Iyo mpanuka yabaye kuwa Kane ije ikurikira indi Perezida wa Czech aheruka gukora muri Mata, ubwo yarashishaga imbunda bafatira hafi y’isura. Icyo gihe yakomeretse iruhande rw’ibitsike arimo kurashisha imbunda ifite akarebesho ari nako kamukomerekeje nk’uko ibiro bye byabitangaje icyo gihe.

Barikana Eugène yasabiwe gufungwa imyaka ibiri

Iburanisha ry’urubanza rwe ryabereye mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Nyarugenge aho Barikana Eugène yaburanye yemera icyaha agasaba gukurirwaho ibihano.

Biteganyijwe ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko kizasomwa ku wa Gatatu tariki ya 29 Gicurasi 2024.

Ku itariki 11 Gicurasi, Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) ni bwo rwafunze Barikana nyuma yo kwegura mu Nteko Ishinga amategeko nk’Umudepite.

RIB ivuga ko yari akurikiranyweho gutunga intwaro mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Izo ntwaro bamufatanye ni grenade imwe n’agasaho (magazine) k’imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa Kalashnikov (AK 47).

Akimara gutabwa muri yombi, Barikana yabwiye abagenzacyaha ba RIB ko izo ntwaro yazitunze akibana n’abasirikare akibagirwa kuzisubiza.

Icyaha nikimuhama, ashobora guhanishwa igifungo kuva ku mwaka umwe ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni imwe kugera kuri miliyoni ebyiri cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano.

Ed Dwight yari asanzwe ari umupilote mu ngabo za USA

Mu 1961, Ed Dwight yatanzweho umukandida na John F Kennedy wari Perezida wa USA icyo gihe, nk’umwirabura wa mbere wagombaga gutoranywa mu bari kujya mu isanzure muri America.

Icyo gihe ariko, ikigo cya USA gishinzwe ibyogajuru (NASA), cyanze kumuha ayo mahirwe, kugeza ejo bundi ku Cyumweru, bityo ku myaka 90 Ed Dwight aba umuntu ukuze kurusha abandi ugeze mu isanzure.

BBC yatangaje iyi nkuru iravuga ko bazamutse mu cyogajuru cya Blue Origin ari abantu batandatu babasha kugera mu marembo y’isanzure, ubundi icyogajuru gitandukana n’igice kigenewe kwicaramo abantu maze kibagarura ku isi kifashishije umutaka.

Ed Dwight yakabije inzozi zo kujya mu isanzure nyuma y’imyaka 63

Akimara kugaruka ku isi, Ed Dwight yabwiye abari baje kureba icyo gikorwa cy’imbonekarimwe, ko hari aho yageze akumva atagishishikariye kujya mu isanzure, ariko ngo nyuma yo kuvayo, yaje gusanga ari ibintu yari akeneye cyane, ndetse anabyifuriza buri wese.

Ed Dwight yinjira mu cyogajuru Blue Origin

Ed Dwight mu 1961, ubwo yemererwaga kujya mu bazahabwa amahirwe yo kujya mu isanzure

Sasa amashuka y’ipamba, ushyire ibimera mu nzu, uzimye ibikoresho bya electronic

Nyamara hari uburyo butandukanye bw’umwimerere ushobora kwifashisha ubushyuhe bukagabanukaho gake mu gihe udafite ibyuma bikonjesha mu nzu.

Kuryama mu mashuka y’ipamba

Amashuka akoze mu ipamba (cotton) ni yo wagombye kuryamamo mu gihe cy’impeshyi kuko afasha umubiri guhumeka neza kurusha akoze mu bindi bitari ipamba (silk, satin).

Gukonjesha amashuka

Ushobora no gufata amashuka yawe ukayazingira mu ishashi ukayashyira muri firigo akamaramo umwanya mbere yo kuyasasa.

Gushyira ibimera mu nzu

Ibimera bishyirwa mu nzu urugero nk’indabyo n’ibindi bimera bibasha gukurira mu nzu, bifasha kugabanya icyuka gishyushye bityo no guhumeka bikagenda neza. Urugero nk’ikimera cyitwa igikakarubamba, kizwiho gukusanya imyanda ishobora guhumanya umwuka wo mu nzu.

Kuzimya ibikoresho bya electronic

Ibikoresho bikenera umuriro urugero nka televiziyo na mudasobwa, nabyo biri mu byongera ubushyuhe mu nzu. Niba rero bidakenewe byihutirwa, ibyiza ni ukubizimya kugira ngo wirinde inyongera y’ubushyuhe kandi n’impeshyi itakoroheye.

Stephen Munyakho, mwene Dorothy Kweyu wacyuye igihe mu mwuga w’itangazamakuru muri Kenya, yakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu mu 2011 nyuma yo kurwana n’umukozi mugenzi we ukomoka muri Arabiya Sawudite akamwica atabigambiriye.

Ubukangurambaga bise Bring Back Stevo butabariza Stephen Munyakho, buvuga ko we na mugenzi we, bombi bari bafite ibikomere byatewe n’ibyuma ariko Munyakho akarusimbuka, bityo bikamuviramo gusabirwa igihano cy’urupfu.

BBC yatangaje iyi nkuru, yavuze ko umuryango wa Munyakho muri Kenya wagerageje gukusanya amafaranga y’indishyi angana n’ibihumbi 940 by’Amadolari ya Amerika (1.200.000.000 FRW), kugira ngo ahabwe umuryango wa nyakwigendera bityo Munyakho ntiyicwe.

Kuri wa Mbere tariki 13 Gicurasi 2024, ubwo haburaga iminsi ibiri gusa ngo Munyakho yicwe, Umunyamabanga Mukuru ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga muri Kenya yavuze ko Arabiya Sawudite yemeye kwakira icyifuzo cya Guverinoma cyo gusubika iyicwa rye kugira ngo impande zombi zikomeze ibiganiro by’ubwumvikane.

Mu mategeko ya Arabiya Sawudite, igihano cy’urupfu gishobora kuvanwaho iyo umuryango wiciwe wemeye guhabwa indishyi.

Umuhanzi Birori Phénéas

Nyakwigendera watabarutse mu 1991 azize uburwayi, yavutse mu 1951 ahahoze ari muri Komini ya Rukondo ya Gikongoro, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyagisozi mu Karere ka Nyanza.

Amashuri abanza yayigiye i Mbazi muri Butare akomereza mu yisumbuye mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’Abadivantisite (Collège Adventiste de Gitwe) i Gitarama ahiga umwaka wa mbere, akomereza i Shyogwe mu cyiciro rusange, arangije ajya kwiga muri COK mu Mujyi wa Kigali aho yarangirije amashuri yisumbuye. Ni naho yacurangiye indirimbo ze nyinshi ari hamwe na bagenzi be barimo Dr Bigirankana Alyos na Girukubonye bari inshuti ze cyane.

Nyuma yaje gukomereza amasomo ya Kaminuza hanze y’u Rwanda arangije aza gukora mu mushinga w’Abasuwisi mu cyayi cya Gisovu ku Kibuye, no muri Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (MINAGRI) aho yabaye Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ishami rishinzwe amazi n’amashyamba.

Ubuzima bwe nk’umuhanzi nk’uko bisobanurwa n’umuhungu we Rugirangoga Philbert, butangirira mu mashuri yisumbuye kuko yaririmbye mu itorero rya gakondo, aza gukuza impano yo gucuranga ageze i Gitwe mu cyiciro rusange, aho yigiye gucuranga gitari mu itorero yabarizwagamo ry’Abadivantisite b’Umunsi wa Karindwi.

Umuhungu wa Birori, Rugirangoga Philbert (Micomyiza)

Rugirangoga Philbert watuganiriye birambuye ku buzima bwa se, yatubwiye ko Birori Phénéas yafunzwe mu bo bitaga ibyitso by’inyenzi (Inkotanyi) urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda rumaze umunsi umwe rutangiye tariki 2 Ukwakira 1990.

Babanje kumufungira i Gikondo baza kumwimurira mu Ruhengeri, ariko agarurwa i Kigali muri Mutarama 1991 kubera uburwayi, hashize iminsi mike Inkotanyi zibohoye gereza ya Ruhengeri.

Rugirangoga ati “Agezeyo yaje kurwara araremba cyane, bamugarura i Kigali muri gereza ya 1930 mu kwezi kwa Mbere 1991, bamujyana mu bitaro bya CHK aho yari arwariye azirikishijwe ipingu ku gitanda. Bamurekuye mu kwa Kane 1991, ku bw’amahirwe asubira mu kazi ariko yari yarashegeshewe n’uburoko kubera uburwayi. Batubwiye ko yarwaye ikibyimba munsi y’ugutwi, hanyuma ngo kiza kwimukira mu bihaha kiramuzahaza cyane. Hashize igihe gito afunguwe yaje kongera kuremba yitaba Imana tariki 11/12/1991.”

Birori Phénéas n’uwo bashakanye bombi ntibakiriho

Imwe mu ndirimbo za Birori Phénéas zakunzwe cyane yitwa ‘Guhinga birananiye’ yaririmbye ari muri Collège Officiel de Kigali ahagana mu 1974. Iyo ndirimbo yamenyekanye mu nyikirizo yayo igira iti ‘Indayi, ndayi, ndayi nda ti,ti,ti’ iri mu njyana ya "Twist" yari igezweho muri Kenya ahagana mu 1970.

Izindi ndirimbo za Birori zizwi usibye ‘Guhinga birananiye’ hari iyitwa ‘Nabuze byose’, n’indi yitwa ‘Nseko nziza’ yaririmbanye na Semanywa.

Kurikira ikiganiro cyose hano

Niyigaba Vincent n’uwo bashakanye Nyirandagijimana Epiphanie, bombi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Niyigaba Vincent ukomoka ahahoze ari Komine Kibaye muri Perefegitura ya Butare, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mugombwa Akarere ka Gisagara, yavutse mu 1952 ari uwa gatatu mu bana barindwi, ariko hasigaye batatu.

Usibye kuba yari umuhanzi, umuririmbyi n’umucuranzi, Niyigaba yari impuguke mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi (agronome).

Amashuri yisumbuye yayize mu Rwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Leta rwa Butare (Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare), arangije abona akazi muri kaminuza yigishaga ibya radiyo (Université Radio-Phonique de Gitarama).

Nyuma yaramaze gushinga urugo, Niyigaba yagiye gukomereza amasomo mu Bufaransa ahava afite impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya kabiri, agaruka mu Rwanda abona akazi mu biro byari bishinzwe gutegura amasomo (Bureau Pédagogique), byabaga muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi, avayo ajya mu y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI).

Mu 1991, Niyigaba yagiye muri Uganda mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwite, agarutse bamwirukana mu kazi bavuga ko ari icyitso cya FPR Inkotanyi. Icyo gihe hari hashize amezi macye Inkotanyi zitangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, yamburwa n’uburenganzira bwo kongera kubona akazi muri leta ukundi nk’uko umuhungu we Niyigaba Honoré yabibwiye KT Radio.

Honoré ati “Amaze kwirukanwa, yaje kubona akazi mu mushinga utari uwa leta wateraga inkunga abanyabukorikori, kuko mbere ya 91 yigeze kujya mu mahugurwa muri Amerika, ashobora kuba yari afite aho ahuriye n’ubukorikori; ariko ako kazi nako ntiyagatinzemo, kuko barakomeje baramukurikirana baramwirukanisha.”

Umuhungu we akomeza avuga ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ijya kuba, Niyigaba Vincent yari amaze nk’umwaka nta kazi afite, ariko yari yaratangiye kugerageza umushinga w’ikigo gito gitwara abagenzi muri taxi kuko yari afite imodoka ebyiri, imwe ari we uyitwarira indi ifite umushoferi.

Umuryango wa Niyigaba Vincent wari utuye mu Cyahafi mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ari naho yicanywe n’uwo bashakanye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, n’umwana umwe w’umuhungu, harokoka babiri barimo impfura yabo Niyigaba Honoré na mushiki we Imuragire Germaine.

Niyigaba Honoré arabyibuka nk’ibyabaye ejo kuko yari afite imyaka 14

Honoré ati “Haje igitero cy’abantu nka 30, ndabyibuka hari ku itariki 28 z’ukwa Kane, uwari ukiyoboye ni umuntu wari uzi mu rugo kandi azi ko dufite imitungo, hanyuma bafata papa, mama na murumuna wanjye babajyana ku muhanda. Kubera ko yashakaga gusahura imitungo y’iwacu wenyine, yaramfashe ansunikira ku ruhande, abandi babajyana ku muhanda barabarasa, njyewe njya kwihisha ahandi, ariko aza kumvumbura kuko yagiraga ngo nze kumwereka aho mu rugo bari bahishe ibintu by’agaciro.”

Niyigaba Honoré, umuhungu wa Niyigaba Vincent

Ni nako byagenze kandi, kuko wa mwicanyi yagarutse inyuma aramushakisha aramubona amusubiza mu rugo ngo amwereke aho ababyeyi bashyiraga amafaranga n’ibindi bintu by’agaciro.

Honoré akomeza agira ati “Usibye ibintu bimwe na bimwe by’agaciro bari bashyize mu kazu k’igikoni, ibindi byari ahagaragara, ndabimwereka byose arabitwara, ariko akomeza kumbaza aho amafaranga ari mubwira ko ntayo, ahita anjyana ku muturanyi wacu amutera ubwoba maze amuha amafaranga ngo atanyica.”

Uwo mwicanyi amaze gushyikira amafaranga, yakomeje kungendana Honoré, bumaze kwira ajya gusengerera bagenzi be, abwira Honoré ngo nagende azagwe ku bandi, ariko asubira kwihisha iwabo.

Ku bw’amahirwe uwari papa we wa batisimu yaje kumenya ko umwana akiriho ajya kumuzana, jenoside irangira ari ho ari, gashiki ke ka bucura nako kari kahunganywe n’uwari umukozi wabo mbere y’igitero kabashije kubaho barokoka ari babiri.

Kurikira ikiganiro cyose hano:

Hari abantu usanga bapfa kugura indorerwamo z’izuba batitaye ku masura yabo, kandi nyamara amasura yose si ko aberwa n’indorerwamo zibonetse zose.

Hariho abantu bagira mu maso hameze nk’uruziga, hari abagira ahameze nka mpande enye, abandi bakagira imisaya miremire cyangwa ugasanga mu maso hano hajya kumera nka mpande eshatu, hari n’abo usanga bafite mu maso hameze nk’umutima cyangwa ibuye rya diyama.

Niba utazi uko mu isura yawe hateye, ushobora kubaza mugenzi wawe akabikubwira cyangwa se ukireba mu ndororerwamo (ikirori).

Hari ubwoko bune bw’ingenzi bw’amasura:

1. Isura y’uruziga (round)

Urubuga www.sunglasseswarehouse.com ruvuga ko umuntu ufite isura iteye nk’uruhuziga, yagombye kwambara indorerwamo zifite iburahure bya mpande enye zingana cyangwa by’urukiramende.

2. Isure ya mpandeshatu (Triangular)

Abantu bafite isura iteye nka mpande eshatu (imisaya miremire) bo bagira umwihariko wo kuberwa n’ubwoko bwose bw’indorerwamo. Gusa bakirinda indorerwamo zuzura mu isura cyangwa nto cyane. Ugomba gushaka izihura n’ingano y’isura ku buryo ibitsike bigaragara kandi zikaba zigufashe.
Abantu b’imisaya miremire usanga bakunda kuberwa n’indorerwamo zifite ibirahure bijya kumera nk’igi ritambitse.

3. Isura imeze nk’umutima (diamond)

Umuntu ufite isura imeze nk’ibuye ry diyama cyangwa ishusho y’umutima, aberwa n’indorerwamo zifite ibirahure by’uruziga ariko hejuru hakaba hagari gato kurusha hepfo, kugira ngo zigaragaze neza imiterere y’isura.

4. Isura ya mpandenye (Square)

Umuntu ufite isura imeze nk’ishusho ya mpande enye zingana, nawe aberwa n’indorerwamo zikoze nk’uruziga ariko zitagera hejuru ku bitsike ngo zibihishe. Ni hahandi usanga bavuga ko umuntu yagize mu isura hameze nk’ah’ikivumvuri kubera indorerwamo zuzuye mu maso.

Rwabukwisi Vincent

Ariko rero, nk’uko byanditswe na International Media Support (IMS), itangazamakuru ryigenga nyaryo mu Rwanda ryatangiye mu 1988, ari na cyo gihe ikinyamakuru cyitwaga “Kanguka”cyabonaga izuba...

Mu butumwa bwayo bw’isuzuma yise “Icyo itangazamakuru ry’u Rwanda ryigiye kuri Jenoside”, IMS ivuga ko ikinyamakuru Kanguka cyashyiraga ku mugaragaro ibibazo bya ruswa, bigatuma abanyamakuru bacyo n’abari bagishyigikiye bashyirwaho iterabwoba.

Nubwo ari ko byari bimeze ariko, icyo kinyamakuru cyabereye Kinyamateka ya Kiliziya, icyitegererezo mu kongera imbaraga mu nkuru zigaragaza ibitagenda mu buyobozi.

Amateka y’itangazamakuru ry’u Rwanda ni inkuru y’undi munsi. Reka twibande ku mugabo watangije Kanguka ari we Rwabukwisi Vincent, wari uzwi cyane ku izina rya Ravi akaba ndetse ari nawe ushobora kuba nk’igipimo fatizo cy’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda.

Amavu n’amavuko ya Ravi

Rwabukwisi Vincent yavutse mu gihe mu Rwanda akarengane kari karahawe intebe, ku itariki 16 Kanama 1959, umwaka abahezanguni b’Abahutu batangijemo ubukangurambaga bwo kumenesha Abatutsi, kandi byose bitangirira muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama.

Arangije amashuri abanza muri Komini Kigoma aho akomoka, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Ruhango, Akarere ka Ruhango, yatsindiye kujya mu Iseminari Nto ya Kabgayi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Leon. Ariko ageze hagati, Rwabukwisi yirukanywe mu ishuri atarangije nubwo yari Umuhutu, nyuma yo kugerwaho n’ibibazo by’ivangura byari bitangiye gufata indi sura.

Rwabukwisi yakomeje kugerageza gusubira kwiga, ariko irondakarere naryo ryari ryaramaze kurenga imbibi ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana muri repubulika ya kabiri; Inzozi ze zo gukomeza amashuri mu Rwanda ziyoyoka zityo, ni ko kugana iy’ubucuruzi.

Ahagana mu 1987, Rwabukwisi yashinze akanyamakuru kari kagamije kugaragaza ibibazo by’ikandamiza ryakorwaga n’ubutegetsi mu gihe cye. Ni akanyamakuru yandikagamo inkuru zishushanyije, zisa n’izisekeje ariko zidasesereza kandi atavuga politike cyane, ahubwo akagaragaza akarengane gahari.

Muri izo nkuru ze yakoreshaga umuntu yitaga “Kazagwa” wari umeze nk’umunyarugomo wahoraga arwana n’ubuyobozi afite ibibazo, polisi igahora yamukubise ngo yavuze ibiki, ariko muri make yabaga yababwiriyemo.

Iyo myandikire ni yo yatumye Rwabukwisi atangira kugaragaza ubushobozi mu gukora itangazamakuru, nuko, nyuma y’inama yagiriwe n’abantu batandukanye, yiyemeza kuvugurura akanyamakuru ke gahinduka “Ejo Nzamera nte”, ikinyamakuru cyashyize ku mugaragaro ibibazo by’ubukungu n’ubukene byari byibasiye igihugu, n’uruhare rwa guverinoma mu gutuma ibintu bizamba kurushaho.

Ariko kuri Ravi, nabyo ntabwo byari bihagije. Mu rugamba rwo kumvikanisha ijwi rye kurushaho, yagize igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho ikinyamakuru nyacyo akita “Kanguka” kiza ari ikinyamakuru kigamije kugaragaza amakosa y’ubutegetsi mu buryo bweruye.

Ageze kuri urwo rwego, Ravi yari yarabashije kubona amahugurwa mu itangazamakuru n’imicungire mu karere no hanze ya Afurika, bituma abasha gusobanukirwa byisumbuyeho n’imiterere y’ikivi yari yiyemeje kusa.

Kubera ko yari azi ko atari kubibasha wenyine, yigiriye inama yo kujya muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (UNR), aho yari yizeye kugeza igitekerezo cye ku bashoboraga kugisamira hejuru, kugira ngo ashake abafatanyabikorwa.

Adrien Rangira ni umwe mu bafashe iya mbere mu kwakira uwo mushinga.

Mu kiganiro na KT Press, Rangira yibuka byose kuri Kanguka. Ari ibibazo n’amahirwe yazaniye abayishinze n’abayifashaga bose, n’igiciro buri wese muri bo yatanze kubera isano iyo ari yo yose yari afitanye n’icyo gitangazamakuru.

Rangira ati “Igihe Kanguka yashingwaga, mu gihugu hari ibibazo by’urudaca by’imibereho na politiki byaterwaga n’ubukene bukabije. Rwabukwisi ni ko kwiyemeza kugaragaza ubwikanyize bwatizaga umurindi ubwo bukene ndetse atangira no kunenga ubutegetsi yivuye inyuma, abinyujije muri Kanguka, ikinyamakuru cyahise gukindwa na benshi kubera ko cyatinyukaga gutangaza amakuru ibindi bitatinyukaga gusohora.”

Amaze kugera kuri urwo rwego, Rwabukwisi yafashe imodoka yerekeza i Butare gushaka abunganizi mu ntiti za Kaminuza.

Rangira akomeza agira ati “Mu ruzinduko rwe kuri Kaminuza, Rwabukwisi yahungukiye abafatanyabikorwa bane bagombaga kumufasha kubona inkuru n’ibindi bitekerezo. Abo ni Kayiranga Marcellin, Mudatsikira Joseph, Bazimaziki Obed nanjye ubwanjye,”
Hagati aho ariko umusanzu wabo bawutangaga rwihishwa batinya ko byagira ingaruka ku masomo yabo.

Aba mbere mu gukekwaho kuba Ibyitso bya FPR

Rwabukwisi yari umunyamakuru washoboraga gucukumbura inkuru, akagera n’aho abandi batatinyukaga kugera.

Nk’uko Rangira akomeza abivuga, muri Nyakanga 1990, Rwabukwisi yuriye indege yerekeza i Nairobi guhura n’Umwami wa nyuma w’u Rwanda nyakwigendera Kigeli V Ndabarasa watanze ari mu buhungiro.

Agarutse mu Rwanda, Rwabukwisi yatawe muri yombi ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kanombe n’ibikoresho bye byose barabyangiza kugira ngo atazabasha gusohora ikiganiro yagiranye n’umwami.
Rangira avuga ko batigeze babona n’amafoto yifotoranyije n’umwami, kuko nta kintu na kimwe bamusigiye.

Uko gutabwa muri yombi, kwari nko kwihanangirizwa, atari kuri Rwabukwisi gusa, ahubwo no ku itsinda ryose rya Kanguka. Ukwakira 1990 kwasanze Rwabukwisi ari muri buroko aho yari yarakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 17 ashinjwa kwangisha abaturage ubuyobozi.

Kuva ubwo Kanguka yahise ihagarara, kuko Rwabukwisi yasaga n’aho ari umwe mu kibuga mu gihe bagenzi be batabashaga kwiyemeza ngo bamusimbure ku mugaragaro.

Rangira Adrien

Abakozi bane barimo Rangira, bari bamaze igihe bakorera mu bwihisho, nabo baje gutabwa muri yombi mu ihururu ryo gufata abo bitaga ibyitso bya FPR Inkotanyi. Rangira yaratunguwe cyane.
Rangira ati “Baradufashe, batubwira ko bari basanzwe bazi ko ari twe twandikaga Kanguka, baratunekaga birumvikana”.

Bamaze gutabwa muri yombi, basanze Rwabukwisi mu buroko, bibabera umwanya noneho wo kwitegura neza, basanga ko nta cyo bakiramira, ubundi biyemeza ko nibaramuka bagize amahirwe yo gusohoka bazabyutsa ikinyamakuru cyabo.

Mu buryo butunguranye, Rwabukwisi yaje kurekurwa ahawe imbabazi za politike na bagenzi be bafungurwa batyo binyuze mu masezerano ya N’sele, Kinshasa, yo guhagarika imirwano kuwa 29 Werurwe 1991 aho Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana yemeye kurekura imfungwa n’abari baratawe muri yombi bazira guharanira ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo cyangwa se no kuba ibyitso bya FPR.
Ubwo bwisanzure ariko ntibwamaze kabiri, kuko nyuma ya nimero ebyiri za kanguka, Rwabukwisi na bagenzi be barongeye barafungwa bazira ko bari bashushanyije Juvenal Habyarimana mu kinyamakuru (cartoon).

Bafunzwe bashinjwa guharabika umukuru w’igihugu, ariko nyuma y’igitutu cy’umuryango mpuzamahanga, baje kurekurwa by’agateganyo bategekwa ko nta numwe ugomba kurenga iwabo ngo agire ahandi ajya.

Ariko ibyo ntibabikozwaga, kuko nyuma baje kurira bisi ibavana i Nyanza baza i Kigali maze Rwabukwisi ashinga ishyaka rya politike aryita Union Démocratique Pour le Peuple Rwandais (UDPR) - Ihuriro Riharanira Demukarasi y’Abanyarwanda.

Rangira avuga ko mu gushyiraho iryo shyaka, Rwabukwisi yashakaga kubona urubuga rwisumbuyeho rwo gutambutsamo ibitekerezo bye, kuko icyo yari agamije kwari uguhwitura guverinoma kugira ngo ishyire imbere gukemura ibibazo by’Abanyarwanda.

Ishyaka UDPR ryaje kwemerwa hashize umwaka ritanze ibyangombwa nyuma y’uko umugambi wa leta wo kuripfukirana wanze.

Aho ni ho Rangira yahise ajya ku mwanya w’Umwanditsi Mukuru wa Kanguka, kubera ko umukoresha we yari amaze guhitamo inzira ya politike, nubwo yakomeje gukurikirira hafi Kanguka.

Gusura agace kagenzurwaga na FPR: Inkuru yabisubije irudubi

Kuri buri nimero ya Kanguka yasohokaga, hagombaga kuba ikintu kidasanzwe. Nyuma y’uko Rangira asimbuye Ravi, yashatse abayobozi ba FPR, ndetse aza kubasha kujya mu gice bagenzuraga i Byumba kugira ngo agirane nabo ikiganiro ariko ntiyari yabibwiye umukoresha we.

Ikiganiro kirangiye, Rangira yagarutse i Kigali, atunganya inkuru ye ubundi arayisohora.
Abayobozi b’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi (MRND) babwira Rwabukwisi bati “Twababwiye ko muri ibyitso by’inkotanyi. Hari ikindi urenzaho?”

Rwabukwisi yarongeye atabwa muri yombi, yisobanura avuga ko atigeze yohereza Rangira gutara iyo nkuru, ariko ntibabyumva. Nyuma y’impaka nyinshi, bamuhitishamo kwirukana Rangira, no kwitandukanya n’ibitekerezo bye, Rwabukwisi arabikora.

Kanguka ihinduka Kangura: Inkuru ya Kajeguhakwa Valens

Ikinyamakuru Kanguka kigishingwa cyahise cyamamara bidatinze, abaturage barakitabira biratinda. Muri bo, harimo Kajeguhakwa Valens wari umuherwe muri icyo gihe, wahise yumva ko ari ikinyamakuru yashoboraga gushoramo imari, ni ko gushyiramo miliyoni 50FRW aguramo imigabane.

Muri Mata 1990 habura amezi atandatu ngo FPR igabe igitero, abasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda batangiye gutunga agatoki Kajeguhakwa bavuga ko ashobora kuba yarakoranaga n’umwanzi w’ u Rwanda.

Icyo gihe bagabye igitero mu rugo rwe i Gisenyi, ariko ku bw’amahirwe arakirakoka bukeye ahamagara Rwabukwisi ngo aze kwandikaho inkuru.

Ibyo byarakaje cyane abakekwaga kugira uruhare muri icyo gitero, hanyuma umugaba mukuru w’ingabo yandika inkuru y’amapaji 20 asaba ko ishyirwa muri Kanguka ibivuguruza, bagera n’aho bemerera Rwabukwisi amafaranga kugira ngo ayisohore ariko arabyanga.

Rwabukwisi yabanje kubabwira ko azashyira inkuru ivuguruza mu kinyamakuru gikurikira; ariko nyuma yo kuvugana na Kajeguhakwa bari bafatanyije imigabane yisubiraho, kuko Kajeguhakwa yamubwiye ko naramuka asohoye iyo nkuru ahita akuramo imigabane ye, Rwabukwisi nawe abwira igisirikare ko yisubiyeho.

Ibyo byarakaje abasirikare bikomeye, ariko bahita bashaka indi nzira. Ni ko guhamagaza umuntu wakoranaga na Kanguka witwa Ngeze Hassan icyo gihe wari umushoferi wa bisi muri Gisenyi. Bamuha akazi ko kugenda agasiba ibintu byose Rwabukwisi yagombaga gusohora muri Kanguka ubundi agashyiramo inkuru yabo kugira ngo isohoke muri nimero ikurikira.

Ngeze yabikoze atazuyaje, yohereza ikinyamakuru mu icapiro rikuru ry’igihugu.

Umutekinisiye warushinzwe gusohora ibinyamakuru abonye iyo nkuru yo kwitonderwa muri Kanguka, n’izina rya Ngeze Hassan nk’Umwanditsi Mukuru, ahita aburira umukoresha we icyo gihe wari Rwabukwisi. Nawe ahita avuga ko agomba kwiyambaza ubutabera iyo nkuru niramuka igiye hanze mu izina ry’igitangazamakuru cye.

Kubera ko iryo capiro ryari irya leta, abayobozi baryo bagambanye n’igisirikare bumvikana ko bahindura izina “Kanguka” ho gato hanyuma basohora ya nkuru mu kinyamakuru kitwa “Kangura.”
Nguko uko Kangura yavutse biza kurangira yinjijwe mu nzego zishinzwe umutekano.

Ibyagiye biba byose abicanyi ni ko bagendaga babibika, kugeza ku itariki 11 Mata 1994 ubwo bajyaga guhiga Rwabukwisi Vincent wari uzwi nka Ravi, bamusanga mu rugo rw’umuturanyi baramwica.
Yishwe arashwe na Major Nyampame mu modoka ya gisirikare. Abumvise Rwabukwisi ajya kwicwa, bavuga ko yabajije uwo mu majoro agira ati “Nawe koko Majoro wanjye! Ni iki nakoze gituma uru ari rwo runkwiye?”

Uwahungabanye akenera kuruhuka ntawe umushungereye

Ni ubushakashatsi bwari bugamije kumenya uko ibibazo byo mu mutwe bihagaze mu gihugu, uko ikibazo cy’ihungabana n’ibindi bibazo byo mu mutwe bimeze ku bacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ibishobora gutera ihungabana

Umuntu ashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ihungabana igihe ahuye n’ikimwibutsa ibihe bibi yanyuzemo, bigatuma yongera kugira ububabare yagize igihe yagirirwaga nabi, igihe yumvaga inkuru mbi yamubabaje cyane cyangwa se ubwo yabonaga ibiteye ubwoba biba ku be. Icyo gihe ni bwo umuntu ashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bitandukanye biba bisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw’ ibanze.

Uko wafasha uwagize ihungabana

1. Mbere na mbere mushakire umutekano usesuye umuvana mu ruhame rw’abantu benshi.

2. Murinde gukomeza kubona ibintu byamwibutsa ibyamuhungabanyije.

3. Muryamishe ahantu hareshya ku buryo hatamuvuna bimufasha kuruhuka neza

4. Mugume iruhande umufashe kwiyakira no kugarura ubwenge

5. Wimubuza kugaragaza amarangamutima ye: Nko kumubuza kurira igihe ari kurira, mureke arire ariko umugume hafi ukomeze umuhumurize kugeza acecetse (akenshi iyo acecetse arasinzira kuko aba ananiwe cyane). Kumuguma bugufi bituma umurinda kuba yakwikomeretsa, kumuhanagura amarira niba yariraga, kumusomya ku mazi ko aba ayakeneye bitewe n’uko aba ari gutakaza imbaraga nyinshi mu mubiri.

6. Igihe agaruye ubwenge, muganirize kandi nakubaza uko byagenze umubwire utamuhishe umusobanurire neza ariko witonze.

7. Ukomeza kumwumva ukamuha umwanya wo kukubwira uko yiyumva, kuko aba akeneye kongera kugira uwo yizera.

8. Ibuka ko akeneye umutekano usesuye bityo umurinde gushungerwa n’abantu benshi, kuko bishobora kumusubiza inyuma cyangwa gutuma aremba cyane. Igihe uwahungabanye adakirana, umuntu umwe wo kumufasha mu cyumba arimo aba ahagije.

9. Igihe muganira, gerageza umwiyegamize mu gituza cyawe bimufasha kumva ko ari kumwe n’inshuti ashobora kubwira ibye atikandagira. Kumuganiriza ni iby’ingenzi cyane kuko bimwubaka mu mbaraga no muri roho.

10. Irinde kumusiga wenyine ataragarura ubwenge.

11. Igihe ataka ahamagara umuntu, biba byiza iyo uwo muntu abashije kuboneka akamwiyereka kuko bimufasha kongera kugarura ubwenge vuba.

12. Kuba uwahungabanye yagize ikibazo, si impamvu yo kumwita amazina amunnyega. Aba agomba kubahwa kuko aba ari umuntu nk’abandi, kandi akeneye kurushaho kugaragarizwa urukundo nk’uko umuntu wese akeneye urukundo yaba arwaye cyangwa ari muzima.

Niba uwagize ihungabana agaragaje ibimenyetso bidasanzwe birimo kwikomeretsa, gushaka kwiruka, kurwana, kwiyahura n’ibindi bikomeye, wihutira gusaba ubutabazi bwihuse akagezwa kwa muganga kugira ngo ahabwe ubutabazi bwihariye kandi bwisumbuyeho, kuko gutinda bishobora kumugiraho ingaruka zikomeye zirimo no kwiyambura ubuzima.

Uwahungabanye ashobora gutakaza ubuzima aramutse adahawe ubufasha bwihariye kandi bwihuse

Umuyobozi wa RESIRG, Déogratias Mazina ashyira indabo ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Woluwé Saint Pièrre

Nyuma y’imyaka 30, Urugaga Mpuzamahanga rw’Abashakashatsi biyemeje gukora kuri Jenoside (RESIRG), ruvuga ko isi itagomba kwibagirwa Abatutsi barenga miliyoni, abagabo, abagore n’abana bishwe hagati ya tariki 7 Mata na tariki 4 Nyakanga 1994.

Mu itangazo rya RESIRG rijyanye no kwibuka ku nshuro ya 30 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, umuyobozi w’urwo rugaga Déogratias Mazina, aragaruka ku iyicwa ry’Abatutsi basaga miliyoni bishwe kubera politike yari ishingiye ku ivangura rigamije jenoside.

Mazina aragira ati « Byose byabereye mu maso ya ba ntibindeba b’abayobozi bakuru b’umuryango mpuzamahanga, binyuze by’umwihariko mu Butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bwo kurinda Amahoro mu Rwanda (MINUAR). Hagombye ah’ubutwari bw’ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi kugira ngo iyo Jenoside ihagarare, abari bakirimo akuka batabarwe, no kugarura amahoro n’umutekano kuri bose. »

Urugaga RESIRG kandi, rushimangira ko nyuma y’imyaka 30 ishize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ibaye, nta we ugomba kwinumira igihe hari ibikorwa byo kurenganya birimo gutegurwa/gukorwa, kugira ngo abantu batazisanga byageze aho bitagifite igaruriro.

Itangazo rya RESIRG rikomeza rigira riti «Ibyo bikorwa by’ubunyamaswa bitwibutsa ko amagambo y’urwango ashishikariza ubugizi bwa nabi, agasenya ubwihanganirane bityo n’imibanire myiza y’abaturage ikangirika. Amagambo y’urwango iyo amaze kurenga igaruriro, ashobora gukurikirwa n’indunduro ya jenoside.»

Ingaruka z’urwango rushingiye kuri jenoside si iz’uyu munsi, ariko ubukana bwazo n’ibibi byazo, birakomeza gutizwa umurindi n’uburyo bugezweho bwo guhererekanya amakuru. Ari nako byagiye bigenda mu Rwanda mu gihe kirekire uhereye mu 1959 kugeza mu 1994.

Mu gihe amagambo y’urwango n’ubuhezanguni bikomeza kwiyongera hirya no hino ku isi, muri Amerika, mu Burayi, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati cyangwa muri Asia n’ahandi…ni ngombwa kwamagana irondabwoko aho riva rikagera, kimwe n’urwango n’ivangura uko ryaba riteye kose.

Inkuru iteye agahinda ya Jenoside y’abanya Armenia, Jenoside y’Abayahudi, na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, yagombye kutubera umuburo ko ivangura n’ibyaha byaryo bidasibangana, byombi bitajya bisigana.

Umugabane byabaho uwo ari wo wose, ingaruka rutwitsi ivangura no guhakana ibyo byaha bigira ku kwibuka no ku mibanire myiza, muri iki gihe zimaze kugera ku rwego ruteye inkeke.

Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 30 abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, bibaye mu gihe intambara ikomeje koreka imbaga muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo (RDC), aharimo gukorwa ubwicanyi ndengakamere bufite ishusho ya jenoside, ikomora imizi mu mateka atwibutsa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994.

Kugarura amagambo y’urwango no gutanya abantu, ni byo byaganishije ku iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bo muri RDC bavuga Ikinyarwanda, bazizwa gusa inkomoko y’ubwoko bwabo cyangwa se bufatwa nkabwo, nk’uko urugaga RESIRG rubivuga.

Kuzarira, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, no kudafata ingamba zihamye mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, n’Ubumwe bwa Afurika, bituma hataboneka igisubizo cya politike ku bibazo biri mu burasirazuba bwa Congo no kudaca intege abashyize imbere umushinga wo gutsemba.

Ibyaha nk’ibyo binyuranyije n’indangagaciro z’ibanze ziranga ubumuntu. Abakora bene ibyo byaha bagomba kuburirwa, gushyikirizwa inkiko, ndetse aho bishoboka, bagahabwa ibihano ntangarugero bigamije gukosora ikibi.

Ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubwicanyi birimo kubera muri Congo mu gihe Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Uburezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco (UNESCO), rimaze gushyira mu murage w’isi inzibutso enye za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, harimo urwa Kigali, urwa Bisesero, urwa Murambi n’urwa Nyamata.

Urugaga RESIRG rugendeye na none ku nshingazo zarwo mu buryo busesuye, ku bw’iyi nshuro ya 30 u Rwanda rwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, rwiyemeje gushimangira uruhare rw’ubushakashatsi bushobora gukorwa ku bibazo byihariye kandi byimbitse kuri jenoside no ku byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu. Ibyo bigakorwa mu guteza imbere gahunda z’uburezi buganisha ku kwihanganirana n’ubushuti hagati y’abantu no mu baturage b’ibihugu.

Ku rrwibutso rwa Woluwé Saint Pièrre, i Buruseli kuwa 07 Mata 2024

Mu guharanira ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ikomeza kubera isomo isi yose, RESIRG iravuga ko izakomeza gukora ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku kuri, uburezi n’ubukangurambaga ku miterere itandukanye y’ibyaha bya jenoside.

Ibikorwa RESIRG yiyemeje gukomeza gutangamo umusanzu, byatangijwe n’inama mpuzamahanga yabereye i Kigali muri Nzeri 2022, n’iyabereye i Paris muri Nzeri 2023, ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti «Ubumenyi, inkomoko n’uburyo jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda/Ubushakashatsi mu kazi».

Perezida Kagame yavuze ko Florence yari amaze imyaka isaga 15 akorera UNDP kugeza ubwo yicwaga mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Igihe Jenoside yatangiranga, Florence, mwisengeneza we n’abaturanyi babo bari babuze uko bava mu rugo rwe rwari hafi ya Camp Kigali, kimwe mu bigo bya gisirikare bizwi cyane mu mujyi wa Kigali.

Mu ijambo yavuze atangiza Icyumweru cyo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 30, Perezida Kagame yagize ati “Telefone ye yari ikiri ku murongo, hanyuma nkajya muhamagara nkoresheje telefone ya satellite (satellite phone). Inshuro zose namuhamagaye, numvaga ko yatakaje icyizere cyo kurokoka, ariko ntabwo abasirikare bacu bari kubasha kumugeraho ngo bamutabarane n’abo bari kumwe.”

“Igihe Romeo Dallaire, wari uyoboye ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu butumwa bw’amahoro yazaga kundeba ku Mulindi aho nari ndi, namusabye kujya gutabara Florence, hanyuma ambwira ko azagerageza.”

Nyuma y’iminsi micye, Kagame yakomeje kugerageza kureba uko yatabariza Florence, amubaza niba hari uwaba yaraje kumutabara, ariko igisubizo yamuhaye cyaramushenguye.

Kagame asubira mu magambo ya Florence yagize ati “Yaransubije ati oya, ubundi atangira kurira, hanyuma arambwira ati: Paul rekeraho kugerageza kudutabara, ntabwo tugikeneye no kubaho.”

“Nahise numva icyo yashakaga kuvuga ubundi ahita afunga telefone. Icyo gihe narimfite umutima ukomeye cyane, kuko nahise numva icyo yari arimo gushaka kumbwira. Mu gitondo cyo kuwa 16 Gicurasi, bamaze ukwezi bakorerwa iyicarubozo, bose barishwe usibye umwisengeneza umwe wabashije kubacika abifashijwemo n’umuturanyi mwiza.”

Kimwe n’ahandi henshi, amakuru ku rupfu rwa Florence n’abandi bari kumwe na we yageze aho aramenyekana.

Perezida Kagame ati: “Nyuma byaje kumenyekana ko hari Umunyarwanda wakoraga muri UNDP wagambaniye bagenzi be b’Abatutsi agatanga urutonde ruriho amazina yabo kugira ngo bicwe. Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko babonye uwo muntu wabatanze arimo kwishimira ko Florence yishwe.”

Hari n’andi makuru yamenyekanye avuga ko uwo mugambanyi yakomeje gukorera UNDP nubwo haje kuboneka ibimenyetso bihamya ubwo bugizi bwa nabi.

Kagame ati “Arakidegembya hanze, ubu aba mu Bufaransa.”

Hagati aho, Perezida Kagame yabajije Dallaire uko byaje kugendekera Florence, hanyuma amusubiza ko abasirikare be bagerageje kujya kumutabara, ariko bakumirwa n’Interahamwe zari zashyize bariyeri imbere y’urugo rwa Florence.

Iyicwa rya Florence ni ubuhamya bushya bwerekana uburyo Umuryango w’Abibumbye watengushye u Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside no kwivuguruza mu gutabara abaturage bari mu kaga.

Perezida Kagame akomeza agira ati: “Dallaire yanangejejeho itegeko yahawe na ambasaderi wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryasabaga ko turinda umutekano w’abadipolomate n’abaturage b’abanyamahanga kugira ngo babashe guhunga banyuze mu muhanda werekeza i Burundi, ibyo bintu byombi byabereye rimwe”

Icyo Umukuru w’Igihugu atabashaga gusobanukirwa, ni uburyo abicanyi bashoboraga guhagarika ingabo za UN zari zishinzwe kurinda amahoro kandi zari zifite n’uburenganzira bwo gukora akazi kazo. Gusa, ntabwo ashyira ikosa kuri Dallaire, kuko, nk’uko Kagame yabisobanuye, ari umuntu mwiza wagerageje gukora ibyiza mu bihe byari bimeze nabi cyane birenze ubwenge bwa muntu.

Mu bundi butumwa Perezida yatanze mbere, yashimye ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zari zishinzwe kurinda amahoro n’ibihugu byazohereje mu Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside ndetse avuga ko, mu gihe batari bashoboye gutabara abantu, ikosa ataribashyiraho, ahubwo ari iry’umuryango mpuzamahanga utarabahaye ibyo bari basabye birimo kubongerera umubare n’ibikoresho ngo bakore akazi kari kabazanye.

Mu ijambo rye, Perezida Faye yaboneyeho no kwizeza abashoramari ko bahawe ikaze mu kuyishora muri Senegal.

Uyu Mukuru w’Igihugu ukiri mushya, akaba ari nawe muto mu mateka y’igihugu, yavuze no ku mizero afite ku bijyanye n’impinduka yifuriza Senegal nyuma yo gutsinda mukeba we Amadou Ba, bari bageretse mu matora yo kuwa 24 Werurwe 2024.

Ubugenzuzi Senegal igiye gukora muri ibyo bikorwa uko ari ibitatu (peteroli, gaze n’ubucukuzi), ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi Faye yiyemeje gushyira imbere akimara kurahirira kuyobora igihugu kuwa Kabiri.

Perezida Faye ati "Kubyaza umusaruro umutungo kamere wacu, igikorwa kireba abaturage nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko nshinga, bizahabwa umwanya w’ibanze muri guverinoma yanjye".

Faye yakomeje agira ati "Nzakurikizaho kugaragaza abakwiye kuyobora ibigo birebwa n’ako kazi, ndetse hanakorwe ubugenzuzi mu bikorwa by’ubucukuzi, peteri na gaze”.

Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 44 wahoze ari umugenzuzi w’imisoro yakomeje avuga ko uburenganzira bw’umushoramari buzahora bwubahirizwa, kimwe n’inyungu z’igihugu n’iz’abaturage.

Senegal irateganya gutangira kubyaza umusaruro ibikomoka kuri peterori na gaze guhera hagati mu 2024. Umushinga Sangomar wa peterori na gaze w’ikigo kitwa Woodside Energy urateganya gutunganya utugunguru 100,000 ku munsi.

By’umwihariko ni n’umwe mu basirikare bahuye n’akazi gakomeye ko kurwana n’umwanzi wabarushaga ubwinshi kandi bari hagati mu gihugu, ubwo yari ayoboye batayo izwi nka Rukaga yari muri CND kuva mu 1993 – 1994.

Ibigwi bya gisirikare

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Mata 1994, Charles Kayonga yari ayoboye batayo ya gatatu yamenyekanye ku izina ry‘Ingabo 600 abandi bitaga Rukaga, yari igizwe n’abasirikare b’indobanure boherejwe na Paul Kagame wari uyoboye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ku ipeti rya Major General

Abo basirikare 600 bari boherejwe kurinda umutekano w’abanyapolitike ba FPR Inkotanyi 28, bagombaga kujya muri guverinoma ihuriweho na leta ya Habyarimana n’abatavuga rumwe nawe, hagashyirwaho igisirikare n’inteko ishinga amategeko bihuriweho n’impande zose nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano ya Arusha yo mu 1993.

Ayo masezerano ariko ntiyigeze ashyirwa mu bikorwa, kuko yahise akurikirwa na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari imaze iminsi itegurwa n’Abahutu b’abahezanguni nyuma yo guhanura indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal tariki 06 Mata 1994 avuye gushyira umukono ku masezerano Arusha muri Tanzania.

Kuva kuri iyo tariki ni bwo ibigo hafi ya byose bya gisirikare byo mu mujyi wa Kigali (icy’aba GP barindaga Habyarimana, icya Kanombe, icya Kigali, icya Kami, jandarumori ya Kacyiru, n’imbunda zari ku misozi ya Jali, Rebero na Kigali) byahise bitangira kumisha ibisasu kuri CND aho batayo ya Rukaga yari ikambitse n’abasirikare 600 gusa.

Muri ako kazi ko kurinda ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’abanyapolitike ba FPR Inkotanyi, ni nako bakomezaga kwakira inkomere z’Abatutsi zaturukaga hirya no hino muri Kigali. Hari n’abasirikare b’Inkotanyi baharaga ubuzima bwabo bagasohoka muri CND bakajya kuzana Abatutsi babaga babashije gucika abicanyi, cyangwa abakomerekejwe ariko batarashiramo umwuka.

Charles Kayonga, ibumoso akiri ku rugamba, iburyo ari mu kazi ka RDF

Nyuma yo guterwa ingabo mu bitugu n’izindi batayo zabaga zimaze gutsimbura umwanzi mu bindi bice by’igihugu, Charles Kayonga n’ingabo ze bakomeje urugamba kugeza ubwo ahawe kuyobora batayo ya Bravo yarwaniraga kuri Jali iyobowe na Colonel Twahirwa Dodo.

Bravo imaze kuva kuri Jali, bamwe mu basirikare bayo bagize igitekerezo cyo kurokora Abatutsi basaga 2000 bari barahungiye muri St Paul, bakigeze kuri Charles Kayonga nawe akigeze kuri Major General Kagame maze arabemerera, ndetse igitero kigera ku ntego yacyo mu ijoro ryo kuwa 16 Kamena 1994.

Nyuma yaho Charles Kayonga yakomeje kuyobora Bravo kugeza Inkotanyi zibohoye u Rwanda mu buryo busesuye tariki 4 Nyakanga 1994. Uko kubasha kwirwanaho kugeza bagezweho na bagenzi babo bo mu zindi batayo ni byo bihesha Charles Kayonga kuba yarinjiye mu mateka ya zimwe mu ntambara zikomeye zabaye ku isi.

Amavu n’amavuko ya Charles Kayonga

Lt Gen (Rtd) Charles Kayonga yavukiye muri Uganda mu 1962. Amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye n’aya kaminuza yayize muri Uganda, aho yaboneye impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya kabiri (Bachelor of Arts Degree) muri kaminuza ya Makelele.

Amateka y’urugendo rwe mu bya gisirikare yatangiriye muri Uganda, kuko akimara kurangiza kaminuza yahise yinjira mu gisirikare cya Uganda cyari kiganjemo Abarwanyi b’Abanyarwanda bagize uruhare mu rugamba rwo kubohora Uganda rwatangiye tariki 26 Mutarama 1986, rurangira abarwanyi ba National Resistance Army (NRA) bafashe umurwa mukuru Kampala.

Mu 1989, Charles Kayonga yazamuwe mu ntera ajya mu cyiciro cy’abasirikare bakuru ba NRA, kugeza mu 1990 ubwo abarwanyi ba RPA Inkotanyi batangiraga urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda.
Kuva icyo gihe Charles Kayonga yakomeje kuyobora abasirikare mu nzego zitandukanye kuva kuri platoon kugeza kuri batayo, akazi yakomeje na nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside muri Nyakanga 1994 no mu gihe cy’ibitero by’abacengezi (1996-1998).

Nyuma yaho yagiye kwiga mu ishuri rya U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, mu mujyi Fort Leavenworth muri USA, hanyuma mu 2000-2002, yagizwe umujyanama wa Perezida wa Repubulika mu bijyanye n’umutekano.

Lt Fen (Rtd )Charles Kayonga akiri Umugaba Mukuru wa RDF

Mu 2002 Lt General Charles Kayonga yagizwe Umugaba w’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka kugeza mu 2010, ubwo yashyirwaga ku mwanya w’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda kugeza mu 2013, hanyuma mu 2014 ajya guhagararira u Rwanda mu Bushinwa kugeza mu 2019.

Avuye mu Bushinwa yakomeje imirimo itandukanye nk’umusirikare wa RDF kugeza ku mugoroba wa tariki 30 Kanama 2023 ubwo yemererwaga n’Umukuru w’igihugu kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru.
Ibigwi bya Lt Gen Charles Kayonga wasezerewe mu ngabo z’u Rwanda byamuhesheje imidari itandukanye irimo uwo Kubohora Igihugu no Guhagarika Jenoside, uwitwa Foreign Campaign Medal, uwa Command Service Ribbon n’uwa Combat Action Ribbon.

Charles Kayonga ubu uhagarariye u Rwanda muri Turukiya (Turkey) kuva kuwa 29 Ugushyingo 2023, yashakanye na Caroline Rwivanga, bafitanye abana batatu.

Umubano wihariye wa Sonko na Faye ni wo watumye abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Macky Sall babasha gutsinda amatora, hashize ibyumweru bibiri gusa basohotse muri gereza.

Bombi barekuwe ku mbabazi za Perezida ucyuye igihe Macky Sall, bahita batangira kwiyamamaza, birangira batsinze amatora, afatwa nk’amwe mu matora ya mbere muri Afurika yubahirije demukarasi mu buryo busesuye.

Nubwo Sonko yahawe imbabazi ariko, ntabwo yigeze yemererwa kwiyamamaza mu matora y’igihugu kubera ibindi byaha yari yarahamijwe mbere.

Abamushyigikiye n’abandi bayobozi b’amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bakomeje gutsimbabarara bavuga ko ibibazo by’ubutabera byugarije Minisitiri w’Intebe mushya byari bigamije kumukumira ngo atiyamamariza umwanya wa Perezida.

Amaze kubona ko yakumiriwe mu kwiyamamaza, Sonko yahisemo Faye ngo aba ari we wiyamamaza ahagarariye ihuriro ry’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu matora yabaye kuwa 24 Werurwe 2024.

Ababikurikiranira hafi bavuga ko gushyigikirwa na Sonko ari byo byatumye Faye abasha kugirirwa icyizere gikomeye.

Caption: Umuyobozi Mukuru wa UNESCO Audrey Azoulay mu Kwibuka29

Ku rubuga rwayo rwa murandasi, UNESCO yasobanuye ko Audrey Azoulay azagera mu Rwanda ku itariki 05, atahe kuri 07 Mata 2024 nyuma yo kwifatanya n’Abanyarwanda gutangiza icyumweru cy’icyunamo n’iminsi 100 yo kwibuka.

Biteganyijwe, Azoulay ku itariki 06 Mata azasura urwibutso rwa Murambi ruruhukiyemo imibiri y’abarenga 50.000 bazize jenoside, aganire n’abayobozi barwo n’abarokokeye muri ako gace kari mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda.

Urwibutso rwa Murambi, urwa Kigali, urwa Nyamata n’urwa Bisesero muri Nzeri 2023 UNESCO yazishyize mu murage w’Isi, kugira ngo zikomeze kugira uruhare mu kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside no mu gushimangira Ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda.

Mbere yo gutaha, Audrey Azoulay azashyikiriza Guverinoma y’u Rwanda icyemezo gihamya ko izi nzibutso zashyizwe mu murage w’Isi.

Tariki ya 07 Mata, UNESCO izayobora umuhango wo kwibuka jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi uzabera ku cyicaro gikuru cyayo i Paris mu Bufaransa.

Iyo mibiri bayisanze mu cyobo kiri mu rugo rw’uwitwa Abayisenga Anicet witabye Imana, aho basanze imibiri igera kuri 21 n’imyenda itandukanye.

Ubuyobozi bwa IBUKA mu murenge wa Muhima bwatugejejeho aya makuru, buravuga ko yamenyekanye ku itariki 30 Werurwe 2024 ari bwo habonetse umubiri umwe mu gitaka bakuye hafi y’urwo rugo, bagiye kurimena mu Kagali ka Kora, Umurenge wa Gitega bahita babonamo umubiri.

Imibiri 20 yabonetse yashyizwe ku biro by’Umurenge wa Muhima, naho uwo umwe wabonetse kuwa 30 Werurwe uri ku biro by’Akagari ka Kora Umurenge wa Gitega.

Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Muhima bufatanyije n’abahagarariye IBUKA basabye ko hakomeza gushakishwa amakuru kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari abazi amazina y’abajugunywe muri cyo cyobo, ubundi hakurikireho gukurikirana ba nyirinzu bakiriho.

Igikorwa cyo gushakisha iyo mibiri cyagizwemo uruhare n’umukozi ushinzwe umuryango no kurengera umwana wari uhagariye ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge, inzego z’umutekano zikorera mu Murenge (Police, RIB, DASSO n’Irondo ry’umwuga), Perezida wa IBUKA mu Murenge wa Muhima, uwo mu Kagali ka Tetero, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagali ka Tetero, umuyobozi w’Umudugudu w’Intiganda, n’abakozi ba Company ikora uwo muhanda (Stecol Corporation)

Ni ibikoresho byinshi tutarondora byose ngo tubirangize; kuri uri rutonde turibanda kuri Telefone na Televiziyo.

1. Telefone y’umugozi

Telefone y’umugozi ari nayo mukurambere wa telefone zose tubona ubu, yakozwe n’umunya Ecosse Alexander Graham Bell mu 1856, itangira gukoreshwa mu buryo rusange mu 1876, ikomeza kuvugururwa kugeza ku rwego tuyiziho ubu, kuko n’ubwo haje izigendanwa nayo kugeza ubu iracyakoreshwa.

2. Telefone igendanwa

Telefone ya mbere yabayeho idakenera umugozi (telefone igendanwa cyangwa mobile), ni iyo mu bwoko bwa Motorola DynaTAC 8000X yafashaga abantu kuvugana bategeranye cyangwa ngo ikenere umugozi.

Iyo telefone ntabwo yakenerega imirongo izihuza cyangwa insinga zambukiranya uturere kugira ngo abantu babashe kuvugana bari kure. Yakozwe n’Umunyamerika witwa Dr. Martin Cooper mu 1973, kuva ubwo igenda itera imbere haba mu isura no mu mikorere uko ikoranabuhanga ryagenda ritera imbere kugeza n’ubwo dushobora kuzireberaho televiziyo.

3. Televiziyo

Urubuga www.history.com rwanditse ko televiziyo itahimbwe n’umuntu umwe runaka kuko na mbere y’uko itangira kugaragaza amashusho ahagana mu 1940 na 50, igitekerezo cyo kuyihimba cyari gihari kuva na mbere y’uko ikoranabuhanga ritangira kuzana ibyasaga n’ibitangaza.

Imvano ya televiziyo ishobora kureberwa ahagana mu 1830 na 40 igihe umushakashatsi witwa Samuel F.B. Morse yahimbaga uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa bwanditse kure hifashishijwe amajwi (telegraph) binyuze mu nsinga. Indi ntambwe yatewe mu 1876 ubwo Alexander Graham Bell yashyiraga ahagaragara telefone ya mbere ikoresha umugozi abantu bakabasha kuvugana bari kure.

Nyuma nibwo yaje gukorana n’abandi bahanga bagenzi be barimo uwitwa Thomas Edison batangira gutekereza ukuntu noneho bashobora gukora igikoresho cyohereza amshusho n’amajwi icyarimwe.
Ahagana mu 1884 ni bwo umushakashatsi w’Umudage Paul Nipkow yateye intambwe y’ingenzi cyane ari nayo urebye yatumye igitekerezo cyo guhimba televiziyo gishoboka akoresheje uburyo bwo kohereza amashusho yifashishije amadisike yikaraga (spinning discs), ari naho abandi bakomereje bagahimba televiziyo nyirizina.

Televiziyo ya mbere yabayeho yakoreshwaga n’amaboko (Mechanical television), ikurikirwa n’iy’amashanyarazi (Electronic televison), hataho iy’amabara (colour television), haza iya dijitale (Digital television), none ubu tugeze kuri televiziyo y’inyaryenge (Smart television).

Ubwato bwagonze inkingi y’ikiraro kirasenyuka

Mu kiganiro n’itangazamakuru mu ijoro ryo ku wa Gatatu, abayobozi ba leta ya Maryland bavuze ko abashinzwe ubutabazi batangiye kuvana mu mazi ibice by’ikiraro n’ibindi byose byaguyemo birimo kuzitira inzira zo gushakisha, hanyuma nibarangiza babone gukomeza gushaka imibiri y’ababuriwe irengero.

Umuyobozi w’urwego rw’igihugu rw’umutekano w’ubwikorezi, Jennifer Homendy, yabwiye ikinyamakuru The Sun cyo muri Baltimore ko bateganya kuza kuganira n’abapilote babiri bari mu bwato Dali (izina ryabwo), igihe bwagongaga ikiraro.

Ikiraro cya Baltimore kireshya na km 2,5, ni yo nzira nyamukuru inyuraho ibicuruzwa byinjira n’ibisohoka binyuze mu Burasirazuba bwa U.S., kikaba ari nacyo cyambu kinini gicishwaho imizigo idasanzwe irimo ibimodoka bya rutura nk’amakamyo, za torotoro na za rukururana.

Umunsi kigongwa n’ubwato butwara imizigo ya kontineri mu rukerera rwo kuwa Kabiri 26 Werurwe, cyari kiriho abakozi umunani bo ku cyambu barimo gusiba ibinogo byo mu muhanda, hariho n’imodoka nke, kuko bakimara kwakira ubutumwa bw’intabaza bw’abayobozi b’ubwato bahise bahagarika urujya n’uruza rw’ibinyabiziga ku kiraro kitarasenyuka.

Abo bakozi umunani nibo baguye mu mazi, babiri bakurwamo bakiri bazima kuwa Kabiri, abandi babiri babonetse kuwa Gatatu bapfuye. Abataraboneka kugeza ubu ni abantu bane.

Iyo mpanuka yatewe n’uko ubwato bwikorera imizigo bwabuze amashanyarazi bugata umurongo, maze bugonga inkingi imwe irasenyuka, ubundi igice kinini cy’ikiraro kirundumukira mu mazi n’imodoka zari zikiri hejuru, bituma hafungwa kimwe mu byambu by’ingenzi cyane mu Burasirazuba bwa US.

Itsinda ry’abatabazi ryahuye n’akazi katoroshye kubera ko umuriro wahise ubura hakiri umwijima, mu mazi akonje kuri degré 4,44Co arimo n’ibice by’ibyuma bikoze ikiraro bituma batabasha kumanuka mu mazi. Ni yo mpamvu ibikorwa by’ubutabazi byahagaritswe amasaha 18 nyuma y’impanuka, nk’uko abayobozi ba Police ya Maryland bokorera ku cyambu babitangarije Reuters.

Umuyobozi wa Police yo ku Cyambu cya Baltimore, Rear Admiral Shannon Gilreath, yavuze ko nta cyizere bafite cyo gusanga abo bakozi batandatu bakiri bazima, kubera umwanya munini bamaze mu mazi kandi akonje cyane.

Umuyobozi wa Police ya Leta ya Maryland Colonel Roland Butler yavuze ko baza kongera kohereza abatabazi mu mazi kuri uyu wa Gatatu bakareba byibuze ko babasha kubona imirambo ya banyakwigendera.

Ikiraro kizwi nka Francis Scott Key Bridge cyo mu Mujyi wa Baltimore, Maryland, USA kireshya na 2.57 km, nyuma y’impanuka, igice kinini cyo hagati cyose cyarasenyutse kimanukana n’imodoka n’abantu mu mazi arimo urubura.

Impanuka ikimara kuba mu gitondo cyo kuwa Kabiri, abashinzwe ubutabazi babashije guhita bakuramo abantu babiri umwe muri bo ajyanwa mu bitaro. Abo babiri hamwe n’abandi batandatu bataraboneka ni bamwe mu bakozi bo ku cyambu bari barimo gusiba ibinogo biri mu muhanda wo ku kiraro nk’uko byemejwe mbere n’abayobozi.

Abayobozi bo ku cyambu cya Baltimore bavuze ko abakozi bo mu bwato bamenyesheje mbere ko bagize ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi, bituma abayobozi baba bahagaritse urujya n’uruza rw’ibinyabiziga ku kiraro mbere y’uko impanuka iba, ari yo mpamvu nta bantu benshi bagizweho ingaruka nayo.

Perezida Joe Biden yavuze ko abashinzwe umutekano ku cyambu bumvise ubutumwa bw’intabaza vuba, ndetse ashima abayobozi bashinzwe ubwikorezi muri Maryland kuba bihutiye gufunga ikiraro mbere y’uko kigongwa.

Biden yijeje gusura bidatinze Umujyi wa Baltimore uri mu bilometero 64 km, ndetse avuga ko yifuza ko guverinoma izishyura ikiraro kigasanwa.

Ubwato bwagonze ikiraro cya Baltimore ahagana 1:30 am ku isaha ya US (5:30 GMT) ni ubwo muri Singapore bwitwa Dali, bwari bufite uburemere bwa toni 95.000. Bwari busohotse ku cyambu bwerekeje muri Sri-Lanka bugeze munsi y’ikiraro bubura amashanyarazi ni ko kuboneza kuri imwe mu nkingi za mwamba z’ikiraro kimanukana n’imodoka n’abantu mu mugezi wa Patapsco.

Ahahoze iki kiraro ntiwamenya ko cyahigeze

Mu gihe ibikorwa by’ubutabazi bigikomeje, abashinzwe kuzimya inkongi mu Mujyi wa Baltimore mu masaha ya mu gitondo bavuze ko mu bantu 20 baguye mu mazi, babiri ari bo bari bamaze kuboneka bakiri bazima, kandi ngo umubare w’ababuriwe irengero ushobora guhinduka.

Ubukonje bw’amazi yo ku cyambu cya Baltimore hafi y’aho ikiraro cyasenyukiye buri hagati ya degré 4,44 Co, ibi bikaba bishobora gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bw’abantu baguye mu mazi kandi batiteguye impinduka z’ako kanya zihita zigera ku mibiri yabo no ku bwonko, nk’uko bivugwa n’urubuga rwa murandasi rw’ikigo gishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere National Weather Service rwandika amakuru ku mutekano w’amazi akonje.

Ubwato bwagonze iki kiraro ni ubutwara ibicuruzwa

Hagati aho Kaminuza ya Minnesota ivuga ko umuntu uzi koga akananirwa ariko agakomeza kureremba, ashobora kwihanganira ubukonje bw’amazi buri hagati ya degré 4,44 Co mu gihe kiri hagati y’iminota 30 na 60, mu gihe kurokoka amazi asanzwe urimo kureremba byo ubwabyo biri hagati y’amasaha abiri n’amasaha atatu.

Ibikorwa byo gushakisha abaguye mu mazi bimaze amasaha hafi arindwi kuva iyo mpanuka ibaye.

Abashinzwe ubutabazi baracyashakisha abantu mu mazi y’umugezi wa Patapsco icyo kiraro cyacaga hejuru. Ikiraro Francis Scott Key Bridge cyareshyaga na km 2,57 kikaba cyanyurwagaho n’imodoka mu byerekezo bine.

Ibiro ntaramakuru bya Reuters bimaze gutangaza ko abantu babarirwa muri 20 bashobora kuba ari bo bituye mu mazi hamwe n’imodoka nyinshi zirimo na rukururana, nk’uko byemejwe na Kevin Cartwright, umuvugizu w’ishami rishinzwe kuzimya inkongi mu Mujyi wa Baltimore.

Kevin Cartwright yabwiye Reuters ko ari impanuka yo mu rwego rwo hejuru isaba ubutabazi bw’iminsi myinshi.

Ikiraro cya Baltimore cyagonzwe n’ubwato kirasenyuka

Amashusho ya videwo yashyizwe kuri YouTube na CNN yerekanye ubwato bwa rutura bwikoreye konteneri nyinshi bugonga inkingi imwe y’ikiraro ahantu hatabonaga neza, ubundi ikiraro kirundumukira mu mugezi n’imodoka nyinshi zakinyuragaho.

Kugeza ubu nta makuru aratangazwa ku birebana n’inkomere cyangwa ababa baburiye ubuzima muri iyo mpanuka.

Ikiraro cya Batimore gisanzwe kinyuraho imihanda ine

Dr Bigirankana Aloys waririmbye ’Nasezeye ku rukundo’ mu 1973

Iyo ndirimbo ni iya Dr Bigirankana Aloys, umuganga w’imyaka 73 uri mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, ariko gucuranga byo akaba akibigerageza ari iwe cyangwa ari hamwe n’urungano.

Amashuri n’akazi

Bigirankana Aloys yavukiye ahitwa i Rugendabari muri Burera ari na ho yize amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye ayiga i Gahini muri Kayonza, ahava yerekeza i Mburabuturo mu Ishuri rya Leta rya Kigali (Collège Officiel de Kigali, COK) mu ishami rya sayansi (imibare, ubumenyi, ubugenge n’ubutabire).

Wakwibaza uti ese ko mu yisumbuye yize ibya siyansi, yaje kuba umuganga ate?

Mu kiganiro Nyiringanzo, Dr Bigirankana yavuze ko papa we, ukinariho ndetse ku myaka 97, yifuzaga ko azaba umuganga, undi na we arabyubahiriza, arangije muri COK ajya kwiga ubuganga muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UNR), avuyeyo akora mu bitaro bikuru bya Kigali (CHK), nyuma aza kubona buruse ajya kwihugura muri Sénégal mu buvuzi bwo kubaga.

Umwuga w’ubuhanzi

Urugendo rw’ubuhanzi yarutangiriye mu ishuri rya COK ryayoborwaga n’Abasuwisi, bari bafite ibikoresho bya muzika na orchestre y’abanyeshuri. Hanyuma kubera ko ise yari yaramwigishije kuvuza inanga ya gakondo, aza kwiga gitari ageze mu ishuri.

Indirimbo ye ya mbere ‘Nasezeye ku rukundo’, yayihimbye acuranga muri orchestre ya COK, abantu bakajya bibaza niba ibyo yaririmbye ari inkuru y’impamo, ariko yavuze ko atari byo.

Dr Bigirankana ati “Papa kugira ngo ashobore kwiga yari yaragiye i Bugande, avuyeyo anzanira ivalisi ari na yo najyanye kwiga i Gahini. Nyiririmba rero natekerezaga umuruho wa papa agiye I Bugande kuko abantu bajyagayo bagiye gushaka amafaranga ngo babone imibereho bagarutse. Naho kuba hari aho mvuga ko umuntu yagiye i Bugande agiye gushaka amafaranga yagaruka agasanga uwo yakundaga baramutwaye, ni uko icyo gihe byari bigezweho ariko si papa byabayeho, kuko n’ubundi yagiye yaramaze gushaka”.

Arangije kwiga muri COK, birumvikana ntabwo Bigirankana yakomeje gucuranga muri orchestre yaho, ahubwo ageze muri UNR yasanzeyo iyitwa Salus Populi, aho yari kumwe na Masabo, Boni Ntage, Munyambuga, Nkurunziza n’abandi, hanyuma barangije kwiga ni bwo yaje gukora muri CHK, we na bagenzi be bamwe na bamwe babanaga muri Salus Populi bashyiraho orchestre Umuriri.

Bigirankana azi ibicurangisho bitandukanye birimo gitari y’imperekeza (accompagnement), iy’umugunda (basse), akavuza ingoma n’umurangi (saxophone), akamenya no gukirigita inanga gakondo bya kimwuga, dore ko mu 1987 yitabiriye irushanwa rya Féstival Prix Sebatunzi indirimbo ye ‘Ni inde wagabana inka y’ubumanzi’ imuhesha umwanya wa kabiri.

Nyuma yaho ni bwo yaje kubona akazi mu bitaro bya Ruhengeri akuriye ishami ryo kubaga, aba n’Umuyobozi mukuru w’ibitaro bya Gisenyi igihe cy’amezi icyenda.

Arubatse, ariko uwo bashakanye nawe wari umuganga witabye Imana, yamusigiye umwe umwe rukumbi nawe w’umuganga kabuhariwe mu kubaga indwara zo mu mutwe.

Kurikira ikiganiro cyose hano:

Mukabaranga Gerturde ahagana mu 1992

Mukabaranga avuga ko nyuma yo gusohora iyo ndirimbo mu 1992 yayishyize kuri kasete (cassette) hamwe n’izindi agira ngo azigurishirize mu nzu itunganya indirimbo (studio) yitwaga Music Fabric nawe ubwe yakoreraga, yacuruzaga ibikoresho bya muzika, iby’imodoka, n’amakasete y’abandi bahanzi.

Iyo ndirimbo ‘Igitaramo’, Mukabaranga yayishyizemo amazina y’ababyeyi n’abavandimwe be ababwira ko abishimiye, akavugamo n’abo kwa se wabo bari barahungiye muri Uganda mu 1959 ariko bakajya baza kubasura rimwe na rimwe bikandagira. Icyo gihe mu Rwanda hari ivangura n’ubugizi bwa nabi byakorerwaga Abatutsi muri rusange, byagera ku bari bafite ababo bahunze bikarushaho.

Mu mazina y’abo kwa se wabo yaririmbye, harimo uwitwaga Léoncia aho agira ati “iyo nsingiza intwari manzi z’iwacu, data wambyaye we ndamureba, mama wambyaye nawe ndamureba, Roger…Rosine…Marie…Louise…Chantal…nabo ndabareba, ariko icyatwa mu bakobwa yagiye hehe, Léoncia wacu yagiye hehe…?”

Uko kubaza aho Léoncia yagiye rero, ni byo byari bigiye gukoraho Mukabaranga, kuko indirimbo yasohotse mu 1992 urugamba rwa RPF Inkotanyi rugeze ahakomeye.

Mukabaranga ati “Muri studio aho nakoraga, nasohoye iyo ndirimbo mbifashijwemo na Uwimana Jean nakoreraga. Icyo gihe isohoka, Bikindi Simon nawe yari yaje kugurisha indirimbo ze asanga iyanjye irimo kuvuga, maze abaza Uwimana, nanjye arambaza ariko ntiyari azi ko ari njye wayiririmbye, ati ‘iyo ndirimbo urimo kuvuza, uyu muntu waririmbye ngo Léoncia yagiye hehe ni inde? Uwo Léoncia baririmba ni inde? Ese ubundi yagiye he? Ibyawe ni ukubisubiramo!’…”

Mukabaranga akomeza agira ati “Bikindi amaze kumbaza atyo nahise ngize ubwoba cyane ariko Uwimana aramvuganira amubwira ko ari indirimbo isanzwe, ariko mu by’ukuri narimfite icyo nashakaga kuvuga.”

Guhera mu 1990 kugeza mu 1994, ni bwo abari bafite bene wabo bahungiye muri Uganda batangiye gufatwa nk’ibyitso by’Inkotanyi mu buryo bwihariye, kuko urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ari ho rwateguriwe.

Bikindi Simon nawe yumvise indirimbo ya Mukabaranga ni ko gutangira kumuhata ibibazo by’iterabwoba nk’uko hari benshi bagiye babizizwa mu buryo butandukanye, barimo n’umugabo wa Mukabaranga wafunzwe mu byitso akaza no kwicwa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Bikindi Simon na we yari umuhanzi ariko wibandaga ku ndirimbo zibiba urwango n’amacakubiri ashingiye ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside akazinyuza kuri radiyo rutwitsi ya RTLM, nk’umuyoboke ukomeye wa MRND na CDR, amashyaka yateguye akanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Ibyo ndetse yaje no kubiryozwa kuko indirimbo ze zatumye ubwicanyi bwitabirwa ku rwego rwo hejuru, hanyuma Jenoside imaze guhagarikwa n’Inkotanyi, ahungira mu Buholandi aho yatawe muri yombi mu 2001 agakatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’urukiko rwa TPIR mu 2008.

Yafunguwe mu 2016 apfa mu 2018 aguye muri Bénin azize kanseri ifata ubugabo (prostate) ku myaka 64.

Ikiganiro cyose kuri Mukabaranga Gerturde waririmbye ‘Igitaramo’, ‘Urabeho uwo nkunda’, ‘Amariba ya Nemba’ n’izindi, wacyumva cyose kuri YouTube ya KT Radio:

Umwaka utaruka uteye ute?

Umwaka Utaruka ni umwaka ugira iminsi 366 aho kugira 365 nk’ibisanzwe. Ibi bibaho buri myaka ine, igihe umunsi udasanzwe wa 29 Gashyantare (ukwezi kwa Kabiri) wiyongera ku ndangaminsi (kalendari), bityo nawo bakawita Umunsi Utaruka kuko uboneka gusa buri myaka ine.

Byumvikana ko abantu mwavutse ku itariki 29 Gashyantare, ubu noneho muza kwizihiza itariki y’amavuko ku munsi nyirizina, mu gihe mu yindi myaka usanga hari abayizihiza mbere cyangwa nyuma. Ni ukuvuga kuri 28 Gashyantare cyangwa ku ya 01 Werurwe.

Ese kuki habaho imyaka itaruka?

Urubuga calendar.com rusobanura ko umunsi w’inyongera wa 29 Gashyantare ushyirwa ku ndangaminsi buri myaka ine kugira ngo indangaminsi tugenderaho ikomeze ihure n’ibihe bishingiye ku bumenyi bw’isanzure.

Iyo indangaminsi tugenderaho iza kuba ifite iminsi ingana buri mwaka, twajya twisanga hari iminsi mikuru dutarutse cyangwa amatariki iberaho akaza mbere y’iyo minsi. Umunsi w’inyongera ukaba ushinzwe kuringaniza uburyo bwo kubara amatariki n’imikorere y’izuba.

Ibi rero bigaterwa n’uko Umubumbe w’Isi uzenguruka izuba mu minsi 365.25, kandi bikaba bidashoboka gushyira ku ndangaminsi ¼ cy’umunsi, rero indangaminsi isanzwe (Gregorian calendar) ikagira iminsi 365 bigatuma idahura neza n’umwaka w’izuba.
Iryo tandukaniro ry’ibice .25 cyangwa se ¼ cy’umunsi ni ryo rikomeza gutuma kalendari yacu iva ku gihe, hanyuma mu gihe cy’imyaka ine bigasaba kongeraho umunsi umwe kugira ngo ijye ku gihe bityo n’Umubumbe w’Isi ubone icyo gihe cy’inyongera kugira ngo ubashe kuba warangije kuzenguruka izuba.

Iyo Umwaka Utaruka utaza kubaho nk’uko bisobanurwa n’urubuga calendar.com, nyuma ya buri myaka 100 idafte ibice .25 by’iminsi, ibihe ndangamwaka byari kujya bikererwaho iminsi 25, ugasanga ibihugu byo mu Majyaruguru y’Isi nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byinjiye mu mpeshyi muri Gashyantare.

Kugira ngo habeho umwaka utaruka bisaba iki?

• Ugomba kuba ugabanyika na 4…

• Ariko rero, niba ubasha kugabanyina n’100, icyo gihe ntabwo ushobora kuba Umwaka Utaruka…

• Keretse ushobora kugabanyika na 400, icyo gihe uba ari Umwaka Usimbuka.

Inkomoko y’Umwaka Utaruka

Abanyamisiri ni bo babaye aba mbere mu kuvumbura ikibazo cy’indangaminsi itaruka, ubwo muri 238 Mbere ya Kirisitu, inteko rusange y’abapadiri bagenderaga kuri Canopus (inyenyeri irusha izindi gushashagirana) yemezaga iteka ryo kwizihiza umwami Pharaoh Ptolemy III. Icyo gihe indangaminsi yo mu Misiri yari ifite iminsi 360 kongeraho icyo bitaga "Ukwezi Kugufi" kugizwe n’iminsi itanu (5).

Hari n’igitekerezo kivuga ko muri iryo teka basabaga ko hongerwa undi munsi hagati y’impera z’Ukwezi Kugufi n’Umwaka Mushya.

Bamwe mu bimukira baherutse kwakirwa mu Rwanda

Ni icyemezo kiri muri gahunda y’amasezerano avuguruye hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bwongereza ku guhererekanya abimukira, amasezerano kugeza ubu arimo gusuzumwa na komite ishinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga, ubutwererane, n’umutekano mu nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda.

Ibi byatangajwe n’abayobozi muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera n’iy’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane, ukaba ari umushinga uri mu murongo umwe n’amasezerano arimo kunonosorwa hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bwongereza ku birebana no kwakira abimukira binjiye mu Bwongereza mu buryo butemewe.

Urwo rukiko rudasanzwe ruzayoborwa n’umucamanza w’Umunyarwanda akazakorana n’abacamanza bo mu bihugu biri mu ryango wa Commonwealth (bihuriye ku Cyongereza), hamwe n’abanyamategeko bafite uburambe mu birebana n’uburengenzira bwa muntu baturutse mu bindi bihugu.

Kimwe na bagenzi be bari urungano barimo Twagirayezu Cassien, Gakuba Joseph, Ngarambe François na Sekimonyo Emmanuel, Randeresi na we yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere muzika yo mu bwoko bwa ‘Solo’ ni ukuvuga aho umuhanzi aririmba ari wenyine akanicurangira, nubwo hari igihe yanyuzagamo akaririmbana na bagenzi be, urugero nko mu ndirimbo yitwa ‘Muhoza wanjye’ ya Twagirayezu Cassien.

Mushiki wa Randeresi, Mukayisire Benilde, mu kiganiro Nyiringanzo kuri KT Radio yahishuye ko indirimbo ‘Karoli Nkunda’ yayihimbiye mukuru we witwaga Ndarasi André wari warahungiye i Burundi mu 1973; ariko na we ntakiriho kuko yishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

MUKAYISIRE Benilde na musaza we nyakwigendera RANDERESI Landouard

Mukayisire yagize ati “Hari musaza wanjye witwaga Ndarasi André wari warahungiye i Burundi amaze kwirukanwa mu ishuri ry’i Kabgayi nyuma y’ivangura ryakorewe abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi; André na we yirukanwamo mu 1973 ajya i Burundi asangayo ababyeyi ba mama n’abavandimwe ba mama bari barahungiyeyo mu 1959.”

Mukayisire akomeza agira ati “Nkaba rero nkeka ko iriya ndirimbo ari we yari yayihimbiye nk’umuvandimwe we akoresheje irindi zina, kuko icyo gihe ndibuka ko hari undi muvandimwe wabimubajije ntiyabihakana cyangwa ngo abyemere ahubwo akisekera gusa. Nyuma nibwo Ndarasi yaje kugaruka mu Rwanda arangije kwiga i Burundi.”

Randeresi yari afite umwihariko w’indirimbo zituje kandi zifite ubutumwa bwimbitse. Muri zo twavuga nka: Karoli nkunda, Indahiro y’ubumwe, Urukundo rudacogora, Amafaranga, Ngukunde nte, Umutarutwa n’izindi.

Randeresi Landouard yavukiye ahantu bitaga i Joma mu Bunyambiriri mu 1957, ahahoze ari muri Gikongoro ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamagabe. Yavutse ari uwa kane mu bana 10, ariko we n’ababyeyi bombi n’abavandimwe barindwi barimo Ndarasi yahimbiye ‘Karoli nkunda’, bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Nyakwigendera Ndarasi André, mukuru wa Randeresi Landouard

Mu bana 10 harokotse abakobwa babiri gusa barimo Mukayisire Benilde watuganiriye birambuye kuri nyakwigendera, aboneraho no kuvuga icyo atekereza ku basubiramo indirimbo z’abahanzi batakiriho.

Mukayisire yagize ati “Njye sinjya numva abasubiramo indirimbo z’abahanzi batakiriho icyo baba bagamije kandi akenshi baba batazi n’icyo ba nyirazo bashingiyeho bazihimba. Ku bwanjye numva batagomba kuzisubiramo kuko nta kindi bimara usibye kwimenyekanisha ubwabo ariko ba nyiringanzo bakibagirana kuko nta burenganzira baba barabisabiye ngo banabibuke.”

Kurikira ikiganiro cyose hano:

Umva hano indirimbo ‘Karoli Nkunda’ ya Randeresi Landouard

Mu kiganiro Nyiringanzo kuri KT Radio, Ngombwa wahoze ari umuyobozi w’Itorero ry’Intare, yavuze ko yakoze impanuka ikomeye ituma amara igihe kirekire atagaragara mu ruhando rw’abahanzi cyangwa ngo abashe gutunganya ibihangano bye mu buryo bugezweho kugira ngo abibungabunge.

Ngombwa yaragize ati “Babonye ndwaye baraprofita (babyuririraho). Uwitwa Ruhamyamiheto yafashe indirimbo yanjye yitwa Ziganjamarembo ayijyana muri studio ayicuranga nabi birambabaza cyane”.

Imwe mu ndirimbo ze zamamaye cyane ni Ziravumera, yahimbiye muri Uganda mu 1993 urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda rurimbanije. Yaje gusubirwamo n’umuhanzi Massamba Intore, ku buryo benshi bari bazi ko ari iye bwite, ariko Ngombwa yatubwiye ko nta kibazo afite kuri Massamba kuko we yaje kubyemera mu ruhame ko ari iya Ngombwa.

Ngombwa ati “We ni inshuti yanjye nta kibazo, kandi arabyemera azi ko ari njye wayihimbye aranabivuga. Nari inshuti ya se cyane nta kibazo mfitanye na Massamba; ubundi mba naramwishyuje, ariko kubera ko ari umwana wanjye nanjye nirereye nta kibazo, ahubwo hari abandi bariho bazikora ngiye kurega. Ni na cyo cyanzanye hano”.

Ngombwa Timothée wahimye ’Ziravumera’

Ngombwa Timothée w’imyaka 78, yavukiye ahitwa mu Ndorwa aho se yatwaraga ku ngoma ya Rudahigwa ahahoze ari muri teritwari ya Byumba. Nyuma baje kwimukira ku Kicukiro ya Kigali, mu 1960 bahungira muri Uganda bamarayo imyaka ine, nyuma banyura iya Tanzania bajya mu Burundi aho baturutse batashye i Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Ngombwa avuga ko yatangiye ubuhanzi akiri mu mashuri abanza i Byumba, akaba anemeza ko ari we wahimbye indirimbo ya mbere y’ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ya Byumba ahagana mu 1958; abana biganaga icyo gihe Byumba bayitaga By-Ville (Umujyi wa Byumba).

Kurikira ikiganiro kirambuye hano:

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo Reid Health cyo muri USA, buvuga ko nta mubare runaka w’amasaha ufatwa nka ntarengwa umuntu mukuru atagomba kurenza ari imbere ya screen; nyamara hari gihamya ko kumara umwanya munini imbere ya screen iyo ari yose bigira ingaruka mbi ku buzima.

Urugero, inyigo ya Reid Health yagaragaje ko abantu bamara amasaha ari hejuru y’atandatu ku munsi bareba muri screen baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo bya kwiheba, iyo nyigo yanasanze ko kutarenza iminota 30 ku munsi umuntu akoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga “bifasha kugira ubuzima bwiza”. Ikindi kandi ubwoko n’ubwiza bya screen nabyo ngo bibigiramo uruhare.

Ingaruka zo gutumbira screen umwanya munini

• Kubura ibitotsi no gusinzira nabi - Urumuri ruturuka muri screen rwohereza amakuru abwira ubwonko ko butagomba gusinzira, bityo uko umuntu akomeza gutumbira muri screen umunsi wose bikagira ingaruka no ku misinzirire ya ninjoro.

• Kuribwa amaso n’umutwe – Kumara umwanya munini utumbiriye muri screen bishobora gutera amaso guhorana umunaniro, kumererwa no kureba ibikezikezi, ari nako binaniza udutsi two mu mutwe umuntu agahora awurwaye.

• Kubatwa – Imbuga nkoranyambaga na telefone zigezweho bimaze igihe kitarenze imyaka 20 bibayeho kandi ingaruka bigira ku buzima bw’abantu ziracyavumburwa. Inyigo ziheruka gukorwa zagaragaje ko abantu bashobora gukuza ingeso zo kubatwa (gutwarwa birenze urugero) na telefone zigezweho n’imbuga nkoranyambaga. Urugero nko guhora umuntu atekereza kuri telefone, mudasobwa, tablet cyangwa urubuga nkoranyambaga runaka ari nako arushaho kubirarikira.

Hari no kuba umuntu yakuza ingeso yo kwiyambaza telefone cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoresha porogaramu (Apps) runaka kugira ngo ahindure uko arimo kwiyumva muri ako kanya, bikaba byatera umuntu kumva asa n’uwihebye igihe atabashije guhita abona telefone cyangwa uburyo bwo kugera kuri izo mbuga nkoranyambaga. Niba rero izo ngeso zikomeje gukura ku buryo zigera ku rwego rwo kukuvangira mu buzima busanzwe, ni ibyo kwitondera.

• Kubabara ibikanu, mu bitugu n’umugongo – Umwanya umara wicaye urimo kwandika kuri mudasobwa cyangwa wunamye ureba muri telefone, binaniza ijosi, ibitugu n’umugongo. Kandi iyo umaze umwanya muremure umeze utyo, bishobora kukuviramo ububabare cyangwa kwangirika kw’imikaya iri hagati y’amagufa.

• Impinduka mu mitekerereze – Ubusanzwe kumara umwanya munini imbere ya screen ku bana bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ubwonko. Ariko se ni izihe ngaruka bigira ku bwonko bw’umuntu mukuru? Inyigo yakozwe n’ikigo Science Direct mu 2020 yerekanye ko abantu babaswe na telefone zigezweho bagize ibibazo mu gice cy’ubwonko gishinzwe kohereza ubutumwa n’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza byihuse buragabanuka.

• Igabanuka ry’imikoreshereze y’umubiri – Umwanya tumara tureba muri telefone, mudasobwa na televiziyo, ni wo abakurambere bakoreshaga bakora imirimo isaba kuticara, urugero nko kugenda n’amaguru, gukora mu busitani, gukina, gukora siporo, gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga, gusana ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu rugo n’ibindi. Imibereho yo kudakoresha umubiri ifitanye isano y’ako kanya n’ibyago byinshi byo kugira umubyibuho ukabije n’ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima.

Imwe mu ngaruka zo gutinda kuri screen ni ukuba imbata yayo

Ese hari umwanya ntarengwa wo kumara kuri screen?

Abashakashatsi b’ikigo National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH) cyo muri USA bavuga ko abantu bakuru batagombye kurenza amasaha abiri ku munsi bareba muri screen igihe batari mu kazi. Ikindi gihe kirenze kuri icyo aho kukimara urimo kureba muri screen wagombye ahubwo kugikoresha mu bindi bikorwa bituma ukoresha umubiri.

Dore ibyagufasha kutaba imbata ya screen

• Zimya ibimenyesha (notifications). Telefone zigezweho cyangwa ibindi bikora nkazo bigira ikoranabuhanga rituma umenya niba hari ubutumwa bushya wohererejwe cyangwa igikorwa gishya kibayeho. Ibyo bituma ugira amatsiko yo kureba kuri telefone yawe, kandi akenshi ugasanga birangiye umazeho umwanya urenze uwo wagombaga kumaraho ureba icyo warugiye kurebaho mbere.

• Koresha inyibutsa-gihe (Timer). Telefone zigira isaha ushobora gukoresha wiha gahunda zitandukanye, kimwe n’ibikoresho bishyushya amafunguro igihe urimo kureba televiziyo cyangwa ukoresha tablet yawe. Igihe ya nyibutsa-gihe yawe ikwakuye, hita uzimya igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose waruriho ubundi ugerageze kunyeganyeza umubiri wawe. Ushobora guhaguruka ukagendagenda, gusukura inzu cyangwa ugakora siporo zoroheje zo mu rugo.

• Shyira telefone kure y’igitanda. Abantu benshi usanga bagwa mu mutego wo kureba muri telefone zabo igihe bagiye kuryama ari ninjoro cyangwa igihe bicuye. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku misinzirire yawe kandi bikaba byanagukurikirana ugasanga umaze umunsi wose muri telefone. Koresha isaha igenewe gukangura kugira ngo ibe ari yo igukangura naho telefone na tablet byawe ubishyire hanze y’icyumba uraramo.

Icyitonderwa: Niba ufite impungenge zirebana n’ingaruka za screen ku buzima bwawe, urugero nko kuribwa amasa, umugongo cyangwa kumva ufite ukwiheba muri wowe, iyi nkuru ntabwo ihagije ngo wumve ko wamaze kumenya imiterere y’ikibazo ufite. Ahubwo reba uko wafata gahunda na muganga wawe byihuse.

Ingaruka zo kuba imbata ya screen

Kigeli V Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste ni mwene Yuhi V Musinga akaba murumuna w’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, ari nawe yasimbuye nyuma y’itanga rya mukuru we tariki 25 Nyakanga aguye i Burundi ku kagambane k’abakoloni b’Ababiligi bashakaga gutandukanya Abanyarwanda kugira ngo babashe kubayobora uko babyumva.

Uyu ni Kigeli V Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste mu kiganiro yigeze kugirana na Radiyo Ijwi rya Amerika (VOA).

Kigeli V yaragize ati “Mu by’ukuri navuye mu Rwanda atari njyewe ubishaka. Navanyweyo n’Ababiligi. Umwami Rudahigwa bamaze kumwica, Guverineri Generali w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi Jean Paul Harroy, yari biteguye gushyiraho undi usimbura Rudahigwa, noneho ku itariki 28 Nyakanga aba ari jyewe wima, hanyuma tariki 29 Nzeri 1959 nemeza leta y’Ababiligi ko nzaba Umwami Uganje (w’itegeko nshinga) mbishyiraho umukono imbere y’Inama Nkuru y’u Rwanda icyo gihe.”

Kigeri akomeza agira ati “Kubera rero ko leta y’Ababiligi yashakaga gukuraho Ubwami mu Rwanda ku mbaraga ni bwo itangiye guteranya Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa, bashora indwano, gutwika amazu no kwica. Nsaba leta y’Ababiligi kugira ngo mbihoshe baranga, mpita mfata icyemezo cyo kujya Kinshasa kureba Dag Hammarskjold wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kumubwira ko akwiriye gutabara, ko mu Rwanda bimeze nabi kandi Ababiligi bakaba baranze guhagarika intambara.”

Nyuma yaho, Ababiligi bahise bashyiraho repubulika bangira Kigeli kugaruka mu gihugu, kuko n’ubundi intego yabo yari ugukuraho Ubwami bagashyiraho repubulika nk’uko Kigeri V yabisobanuye.

Kigeli yaragize ati “Icyo gitekerezo Ababiligi bakigize mbere Mutara amaze gutanga, kuko bari bateguye undi bashakaga gushyiraho utari umwami. Bari bategereje gushyira repubulika muri icyo gihe.”

Ababiligi bamaze kumubuza gutaha, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste yahise ava i Kinshasa yerekeza muri Tanzania, akomereza i Nairobi muri Kenya, ariko naho ntiyahatinda kuko haje kuba imidugararo ya politike, maze Kigeli yigira inama yo kujya muri
Uganda, aza kuhava yerekeza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku cyicaro cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ngo arebe ko yabasha kubumvisha ko bagomba gutabara u Rwanda ariko biba iby’ubusa.

Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yavutse ku itariki 29 Kamena 1936 abatizwa Jean Baptiste; nubwo se Umwami Yuhi V Musinga yari yaranze kuyoboka ubutegetsi n’imyemerere y’Abakoloni akanga no kubatizwa bigatuma bamwirikana mu gihugu; agasimburwa n’umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa waje kwemera kuyoboka idini ya gikirisitu akanabatizwa izina rya Charles Léon Pierre.

Kigeli V wakomeje kugumana icyubahiro mu buryo bw’izina no gusigasira umurage ndangamuco w’ubwami akanabyambikirwa imidari, yagumye mu buhungiro aho yari afite ibikorwa byo gufasha Abanyarwanda b’impunzi mu muryango wamwitiriwe (Kigeli V Foundation), kugeza atabarutse (atanze) ku itariki 16 Ukwakira 2016 afite imyaka 80.

Iminsi ye ya nyuma yayibaye mu mujyi wa Oakton, Virginia muri USA, ariko umugogo we watabarijwe mu Rwanda.

Yavutse ku itariki 29 Kamena 1936 i Kamembe muri Cyangugu, abyarwa n’Umwami Yuhi V Musinga na Mukashema Bernadette, wari uwa karindwi mu bagore be 11. Ubwo Musinga yirukanwaga n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi mu 1940 bakamucira i Moba muri Congo, Kigeli yari afite imyaka ine, hanyuma se amaze gutanga mu 1944 Kigeli agarukana na nyina mu Rwanda afite imyaka umunani, hashize igihe gito nawe arabatizwa yitwa Jean Baptiste.

Amashuri abanza yayize muri Groupe Scolaire Astrida (ubu ni Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda, akomereza muri Collège Nyangezi i Bukavu muri Congo kugeza mu 1956, arangije aza gukora mu buyobozi bwa mukuru we Mutara III Rudahigwa kugeza mu 1959.

Umugogo wa Kigeli V Ndahindurwa watabarijwe kuya 15 Mutarama 2017 i Mwima mu karere ka Nyanza mu irimbi riruhukiyemo mukuru we Mutara III Rudahigwa nyuma y’umuhango wo ku musezeraho wabereye mu Rukaii ahahoze Ingoro y’Umwami. Ubu hahinduwe kimwe mu bice bigize Ikigo cy’Ingoro Ndangamurage z’u Rwanda.

Twabaye imbata za telefone igendanwa

Ntibyaciriye aho. Yasimbuye imikino ya videwo, yirukanye ikotomoni (porte-monnaie) cyangwa ikofi, ubu nta muntu ugikenera kureba kuri kalindari cyangwa kugendana ikarita ya banki.

Telefone igendanwa ishobora kwangiza ubuzima bwo mu mutwe

Hejuru y’ibyo byose ariko, telefone igendanwa ishobora gusenya ingo, igateranya abakundana. None dore, buhoro buhoro irimo kugenda itwicira amaso, ikatumugaza umugongo, ikangiza ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ari nako igenda isatira abazadukomokaho.

Telefone igendanwa ishobora kumugaza

Rero niba tutigenzuye ngo tuyikoreshe neza, bizarangira yishe na roho zacu.

Telefone igendanwa iraturagiye

Umwanditsi mukuru wa IMRCT Abubacar Tambadou yasobanuye ko icyemezo cyo gufunga ibiro byabo i Kigali, cyafashwe nyuma y’isubikwa ry’igihe kitazwi ry’urubanza rwa Félicien Kabuga muri Kanama 2023 ku mpamvu z’uburwayi.

Aganira n’itangazamakuru kuwa Gatanu, Abubacar Tambadou yaragize ati « Duhindura uburyo bw’imikorere dukurikije uko duhagaze, ni ukuvuga ko nta maperereza tugifite cyangwa urubanza rurimo kuburanishwa, rero ntitugishoboye gusobanura impamvu yo gukomeza kugumana ibiro bya hano, bityo ibiro bya Kigali bigiye gukinga».

Urubanza rwa Félicien Kabuga ni rwo rwanyuma rwaburanishijwe n’urukiko rwa IRMCT. Izindi dosiye eshatu zisigaye, iya Fulgence Kayishema watawe muri yombi muri Afurika y’Epfo umwaka ushize, iza Charles Sikubwabo na Ryandikayo bagishakishwa n’abashinzwe iperereza, zigomba gushyikirizwa ubutabera bw’u Rwanda.

Hagati aho nk’uko byasobanuwe n’umwanditsi Mukuru wa IRMCT, ibiro by’Umushinjacyaha w’urwo rwego bizagumana abakozi bake mu Rwanda kugira ngo bakomeze gukorana no gufatanya n’abayobozi bo mu Rwanda mu gushakisha abatarafatwa bagomba kuburanishirizwa mu Rwanda.

Ibindi bikorwa bireba u Rwanda bizakomeza gukurikiranwa n’icyicaro gikuru cy’urwego kiri Arusha muri Tanzania, by’umwihariko ibirebana no gucunga umutekano w’abatangabuhamya.

Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga ku Rwanda (TPIR) rwashyizweho mu 1994 nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, rwafunze imiryango burundu mu Kuboza 2015 rushyikiriza imanza zarwo za nyuma Urwego rwasigaranye inshingano zo kuzirangiza kugira ngo rukomeze gukurikirana ama dosiye.

Oprah Winfrey yigeze gufatwa ku ngufu na mubyara we wamurutaga

Yatangiye umwuga w’itangazamakuru akora kuri radiyo mbere yo gukora akazi ko kuvuga amakuru kuri televiziyo, ari naho yakuye ubunararibonye bwo gutangiza ikiganiro cye bwite kuva mu 1986 kugeza mu 2011.

Ni ikiganiro cyamuhesheje ishema ryo kuba ari we wazanye agashya mu mitegurire y’ibiganiro bishingiye ku kuri kwivugirwa n’abatumirwa baba barahuye n’ibibazo bitandukanye, bakabivuga nta na kimwe basize inyuma kugira ngo bafashwe mu buryo butandukanye.

Ikiganiro Oprah Winfrey Show kibandaga ku bibazo birimo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ivangura n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, kikaba cyarakunzwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Igitekerezo cyo kugitangiza yagikuye ku ihohoterwa nawe yigeze gukorerwa na mubyara we w’imyaka 19 wamusambanyije ku gahato amurusha imyaka, akongera ndetse akabikorerwa n’umuntu wo mu muryango we ariko akabigira ibanga kugeza mu 2021 ubwo yabihishuriraga ikinyamakuru USA Today.

Oprah Winfrey afatwa nk’umugore wa mbere w’icyitegererezo mu isi, akaba n’umugore w’umwirabura wa mbere w’umuherwe wo muri Amerika ya ruguru ufite imitungo ibarirwa mu maliyari y’amadolari.

Oprah yavutse ku itariki 29 Mutarama 1954, avukira mu mujyi wa Kosciusko, Mississippi, USA.

Usibye umwuga w’itangazamakuru n’ikiganiro cye Oprah Winfrey Show, yakinnye muri filimi yitwa ‘The Colour Purple’ yamuhesheje igihembo cya Academy Award.

Ku myaka ye 70, Winfrey ari mu gisekuru cy’abo bita Baby Boomers muri USA, kibarizwamo abantu bavutse hagati y’1946 – 1964 igihe cyaranzwe n’imbyaro nyinshi cyane muri USA nyuma y’Intambara ya II y’isi yose.

Igisekuru kibanziriza aba Baby Boomers kitwa Silent Generation (Abicecekeye) bavutse hagati y’1928 – 1945 kikaba kiganjemo abantu barwanye mu ntambara ya II y’isi yose cyangwa abari abana icyo gihe.

Igisekuru gikurikira Baby Boomers kikitwa Generation X kibarizwamo abavutse hagati y’1965 – 1980 igihe isi yari iri mu rugamba rwo kwisana nyuma y’intambara, icyo gihe ubuzima bukaba butari bworoshye kubera ko akazi kabonaga umugabo kagasiba undi.

N’ubwo atakigaragara mu biganiro, Studio ye yitwa Harpo Production ni imwe mu ma studio akomeye muri US ategura ibiganiro by’umunsi (daytime talk), bivuga ku buzima bwa buri munsi. Ibiganiro iyo studio itunganya birimo icyamwitiriwe Oprah Winfrey Show, The Dr. Oz Show, na The Nate Berkus Show.

Izina Harpo rikaba ari izina Oprah rye ryanditse ricuritse.

Twabakusanyirije amazina y’indirimbo umunani (8) zakunzwe hirya no hino ku isi, abazihimbye n’abo zamamaje bigatuma ba nyirazo basa n’abibagiranye cyangwa ntibamenyekane kubera ko batigeze bazishyira ahagaragara.

1. Nyirabisabo (ni iya Sebatunzi Joseph)

Iyi ndirimbo bamwe bakunze kwita Zana inzoga nzane iyindi, yahimbwe na Sebatunzi Joseph ku ngoma y’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959), iza gusubirwamo na Orchestre Impala ahagana mu 1980.

N’ubwo iya Sebatunzi nayo yashyizwe kuri kasete no kuri Radiyo Rwanda ndetse kuri ubu ikaba iri no kuri YouTube ; iy’Impala ni yo yumvwa cyane bitewe n’uko iri mu bikoresho bigezweho, iya Sebatunzi igakundwa by’umwihariko n’abakunda gutarama bya gakondo.

2. Nakunze mama ndamubura (ni iya Kagoyire Rita)

Umwarimu uri mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru witwa Kagoyire Rita w’imyaka 75, ni we wahimbye indirimbo Nakunze mama ndamubura ahagana mu 1971, ubwo yari ari mu kiruhuko cya saa sita aho yigishaga mu mashuri abanza i Nyakabungo, mu cyahoze ari komine Ntongwe ubu ni mu karere ka Ruhango ari naho akomoka.

Iyo ndirimbo yaje kugera ku itsinda ryitwaga Les 8 Anges ahagana mu 1982, iturutse ku mubyeyi w’inshuti ya Kagoyire witwa Niwewokugirwa Ancilla wari uyizi mu muwe, aza kuyigisha mwisengeneza we w’umuhanzi witwa Ufiteyezu Mbyayingambo De Gaulle waririmbaga muri Les 8 Anges, hanyuma bayishyira mu bicurangisho bayijyana kuri Radiyo Rwanda ahagana mu 1985.

3. Sinari nzi (ni iya Musoni Evariste)

Sinari nzi, ni indirimbo y’Ikirundi yahimbwe ahagana mu 1975 na Musoni Evariste wari impunzi mu Burundi, ikaza gusubirwamo mu 2007na Big Fariouz (Big Fizzo) wo mu Burundi.
Musoni Evariste yahungiye i Burundi mu 1973, avayo ajya muri Canada mu 1979, ariko ubu yagarutse mu Rwanda aho ajya anyuzamo agakora ibitaramo by’urukumbuzi ku butumire.

Indirimbo ze za kera, zaba iz’Ikinyarwanda n’iz’Ikirundi, inyinshi yazisubiyemo mu bikoresho bigezweho azishyira ku muzingo (album) witwa Inshuti Nziza, harimo na Sinarinzi.

4. Amosozi y’urukundo (ni iya Nikiza David)

Nyiri iyi ndirimbo ni nyakwigendera Nikiza David (Nik Dav) waririmbye mu matsinda atandukanye mu Rwanda (Les Fellows, 1973) no mu Burundi (Amabano 1978), ariko iyamenyekanye cyane ni iyasubiwemo na Kidumu ahagana mu 2000.

5. I will always love you (ni iya Dolly Parton)

Iyi ndirimbo yahimbwe mu 1974 na Dolly Parton wo muri USA wamamaye mu njyana ya Country Music, ariko imaze gusubirwamo na nyakwigendera Whitney Houston mu 1992 ni bwo yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gukoreshwa muri filime The Bodyguard.

6. When a man loves a woman (ni iya Percy Sledge)

Iyi ndirimbo yanditswe n’abahanzi babiri bo muri USA, Calvin Lewis na Andrew Wright, ishyirwa muri studio na nyakwigendera Percy Sledge mu 1966, hanyuma isubirwamo na Michael Bolton mu 1991. Izo ndirimbo zombi mu myaka yazo zaje ku rutonde rwa Billboard Hot 100, rushyirwaho indirimbo 100 zakunzwe cyane.

7. Killing me softly (ni iya Roberta Flack)

Iyi ndirimbo yamenyekanye cyane mu 1996 isubiwemo n’itsinda The Fugees ryaririmbagamo umunyahayiti (Haiti) Wycliffe Jean n’umunyajamayika (Jamaica) Lauryn Hill, wari umukazana wa Bob Marley.

Killing me softly y’umwimerere yashyizwe ahagaragara na Roberta Flack (USA) mu 1973, ariko nawe si iye kuko amagambo yayo yanditswe na Norman Gimbel, igashyirwa ku murongo (composition) na Charles Fox, bombi bo muri USA.

8. I have a dream (ni iya ABBA)

I Have a Dream ni indirimbo yanditswe n’Abanyasuwede (Sweden), isohorwa bwa mbere n’itsinda ABBA ryo muri icyo gihugu mu 1979 hanyuma Umugerekikazi (Greek) Nana Mouskouri ayisubiramo mu 1985, hashize imyaka 14, itsinda Westlife ryo muri Ireland riyisubiramo, ubundi si ukwigarurira imitima y’urubyiruko biratinda.

Hage Geingob yatabarutse ku myaka 82

Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida Hage Geingob watabarutse azize uburwayi tariki 04 Gashyantare 2024, kuri YouTube hongeye kugaragara ikiganiro yigeze kugirana n’uwari Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Budage, Norbert Lammert, wari woherejwe nk’intumwa yihariye ngo amubaze impamvu muri Namibia hari Abashinwa barusha Abadage ubwinshi.

Icyo gihe Perezida Geingob yamusubije amubwira ko umubano wa Namibia n’u Bushinwa utareba Abanyaburayi. Aha yamusubizaga nk’uwari umubajije mu izina rya Leta y’Igihugu cyigeze gukoloniza Namibia kuva mu 1884 – 1919 Namibia icyitwa German South West Africa (u Budage bwo mu Burengerazuba bw’Amajyepfo ya Afurika).

Norbert Lammert yatangiye amubaza ati «Muri iki gihe umubare w’Abashinwa bari muri Namibia ukubye inshuro enye uw’Abadage bahari, kandi urebye si ko bimeze mu bindi bice by’isi kuko ho hari itandukaniro, none nibazaga…»

Perezida Geingob ariko ntiyatumye arangiza ikibazo cye, kuko yahise amuca mu ijambo agira ati «Ariko ibyo bigutwaye iki? Uzi ko wagira ngo ni ikibazo kireba Abanyaburayi cyane kurusha uko kitureba! Ko mudufitiye impuhwe cyane…Hehehe!

Ntabwo Abashinwa bazaza hano ngo bikorere ibyo bashaka n’Abadage kandi ni uko, nubwo ubona ko ari byo barimo. Wowe uravuga Abashinwa. Twebwe twakira Abadage hano nta visa tubasabye bakanyura ku itapi itukura, Reba ibyo abaturage bacu bakorerwa mu Budage, n’abafite pasiporo z’abadipolomate…mu Budage!

Ariko Abadage baza hano uko babyifuza. None uravuga Abashinwa, ese ko utavuga uko Abadage mudufata hariya iwanyu. Abashinwa ntabwo badufata kuriya. Abantu bacu bafite pasiporo z’abadipolomate, bari bavuye Geneva babafungira ku kibuga mu Budage! Tuzi uko tugomba kuyobora igihugu cyacu, mwitugirira impuhwe».

Norbert Lammert nta kindi yarengejeho usibye kugira ati «Ni byo rwose !»

Perezida Geingob akomeza agira ati «Buri gihe iyo Umunyaburayi aje hano, aba avuga Abashinwa, ikibazo ni ikihe ? Rwose nimutwubahe, ni icyo nakubwira nta kindi. Uzi ko wagira ngo turi abana umuntu wese agomba kuza abaza ibyo yishakiye! Abashinwa bubatse ibikorwa remezo byinshi muri Afurika hose, no muri Amerika ni uko na ho bariyo…ni nde watabaye Amerika igihe ubukungu bw’isi bwari bwifashe nabi? Si amafaranga y’Abashinwa?»

«Namibia yacu ntoya…twarwanyije abakoloni b’Abadage, erega ntabwo tworoshye…uribwira se ko Abashinwa na bo bazaza bakadukoloniza, n’Abadage bari bari hano barananiwe. Abashinwa ko bari hirya no hino ku isi, kuba bari muri Namibia ni ikibazo?»

Namibia yasabye u Budage kutivanga mu mubano wayo n’u Bushinwa

Ikinyamakuru African Insider gikorera kuri YouTube, kivuga ko muri Namibia hari Abashinwa basaga 100,000 bari mu bikorwa biteza imbere Igihugu, urugero nko mu bucukuzi bw’ubutare bwa Iraniyumu (Uranium), aho u Bushinwa bumaze gushora imari ingana na miliyari ebyiri z’amadolari (2,000,000,000$) ndetse bukaba bumaze kwishyura Leta ya Namibia hafi miliyari eshanu z’amadolari (5,000,000,000$) muri ubwo bucukuzi.

Abashinwa kandi bari no mu bikorwa by’ubwubatsi bw’ibikorwa remezo aho bamaze gushora miliyari 4,2 z’Amadolari mu bwubatsi bw’imihinda, ibiraro n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bigamije kuzamura Igihugu. Ni mu gihe Abadage bari muri Namibia babarirwa mu 30,000 abenshi ari abari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru baguzeyo ibikingi byo kororeramo inyamaswa aho kubyaza umusaruro umutungo kamere ubitse mu butaka ugateza imbere Igihugu bigeze gukoloniza.

Nimero ya 1 ni Kagoyire (Nyiringanzo), nimero ya 2 ni Niwewokugirwa (inshuti), nimero ya gatatu ni DJ De Gaulle (Les 8 Anges)

Indirimbo Nakunze mama ndamubura yayihimbye agendeye ku mateka yabaye ku mukobwa bari inshuti wabenzwe n’umusore biteguraga kurushinga, hanyuma Kagoyire nk’umuntu wagize ibyago byo gutandukana na nyina mu 1959 kubera ubuhunzi, nawe yishyira mu mwanya we akajya atekereza uko yamererwa biramutse bimubayeho, kandi atari kumwe na nyina ngo amuhoze, mu nganzo haba haje umwezi hatyo.

Kagoyire aragira ati « Yarabimbwiye numva ndababaye cyane, nishyira mu mwanya we ndibaza nti ari nkanjye bibayeho nabigenza gute. Nagiye mu ishuri ndicara ndayihimba, nkareba aho njya nkahabura, nkasange sindibusange mama ngo mubone, nkasanga uwo nari niringiye arampemukiye, nyihera aho ngaho ndayandika. »

Indirimbo Nakunze mama ndamubura yaje gucurungwa n’itsinda ryitwaga Les 8 Anges ryabaga mu Mujyi wa Kigali (1979-1991), mu ijwi rya Ufiteyezu Mbyayingabo De Gaulle, uzwi ku izina rya DJ De Gaulle. Uyu akaba ari mwisengeneza w’umubyeyi witwa Niwewokugirwa Ancille wabanye na Kagoyire kuva mu bwana bakanaririmbana byo kwinezeza.

Kubera ko musaza wa Niwewokugirwa witwaga Ufiteyezu Blaise (se wa De Gaulle) nawe yari afite impano y’ubuhanzi, umuhungu we yaramukurikije, nyirasenge aza kumwigisha ya ndirimbo ya Kagoyire, De Gaulle nawe ayigisha bagenzi be bacuranganaga muri Les 8 Anges bayishyira mu bicurangisho, ubundi bayijyana kuri Radiyo Rwanda.

Usibye indirimbo Nakunze mama ndamubura, Kagoyire Rita nawe ukomoka mu muryango w’abahanzi, yatubwiye ko yahimbye izindi ndirimbo atigeze asohora bya kimwuga, ariko nyuma y’imyaka isaga 50 zose aracyazibuka n’uko bajyaga bazirimba mu rugo no mu birori bitandukanye.

Kurikira ikiganiro cyose hano :

Umva hano indirimbo ‘Nakunze Mama Ndamubura’

Umupfumu Craig Hamilton-Parker

Craig Hamilton-Parker bahimbye izina rya Nostradamus mushya, avuga ko ashobora kureba mu nzagihe ndetse ngo we n’umugore bakora nk’abahuza hagati y’abantu n’imbaraga zitagaragara.

Uyu mugabo yahanuye icyorezo cya Covid-19, gahunda ya Brexit, gutorwa kwa Donald Trump nka Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n’itanga ry’Umwamikazi Elizabeth II kandi byose byarabaye.

Uwo mupfumu w’imyaka 69 yatangiye gukorana n’imbaraga zitagaragara akiri mu myaka 20, abyigiye ku bahanga mu birebana n’inyenyeri b’aba Nadi (Nadi astrologists) ubwo yagiriraga uruzinduko mu Buhinde.

Aganira n’ikinyamakuru Metro, Craig yatangiye avuga ku matora rusange ari hafi kuba mu Bwongereza, avuga ko Rishi Sunak atazongera gutorerwa kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe mu 2024, ahubwo ngo amahirwe menshi afitwe na Suella Braverman uzagaruka mu buyobozi kandi agakemura bimwe mu bibazo u Bwongereza buzahura na byo mu 2024.

Inzuzi yateye ku rundi ruhande, Craig avuga ko zamweretse ko amatora ateganyijwe mu mpera z’uyu mwaka muri Amerika azarangwa n’udushya twinshi muri politike kugeza ku munsi wa nyuma, ndetse ngo Donald Trump azatsinda amatora ariko agire ibibazo by’uburwayi nubwo ngo bitazamubuza guhatana.

Trump ngo azagira Visi Perezida w’umwiraburakazi ushobora kuzaba uwitwa Kari Lake, hanyuma ngo Joe Biden azakurwa ku butegetsi asohorwe mu biro amatora atararangira asimburwe na Visi Perezida Kamala Harris by’igihe gito.

Hagati aho kandi ubuhanuzi bwa Craig burimo n’impfu z’abantu bakomeye barimo Perezida Putin n’Umushumba wa Kiliziya Gatolika.

Craig yagize ati ‘Ndiyumvamo ko Papa azatabaruka mu 2024 agahita asimburwa kuko neretswe umwotsi w’umweru uzamuka uva i Vatican, kandi ibyo bizaba hagati mu Gushyingo. Mu 2024 kandi, intambara yo muri Ukraine izakomeza kuba urugamba rukomeye, ndaniyumvamo ko Putin azarutakarizamo ubuzima ari na byo bizarangiza intambara burundu’

Craig Hamilton-Parker yaneretswe ko umuhanzikazi Taylor Swift azatwita nyuma y’igitaramo cya rutura yise Eras World Tour kizaba mu 2024, kandi ngo muri USA hazaba imitingito ikomeye izibasira igice cy’uburengerazuba by’umwihariko hakazaba imitingito ibiri izaza ikurikirana.

Ubuhanuzi bwa Craig Hamilton-Parker yabushyize ku rubuga rwe rwa murandasi http: / www.psychics.co.uk no kuri shene ye ya YouTube.

Imwe mu mitako yasahuwe n’Abongereza muri Ghana mu myaka 150 ishize

Ni ubutunzi bw’imitako isaga 30 izasubizwa n’ibigo ndangamurage bibiri byo mu Bwongereza. Ikigo Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) kisazubiza imitako 17, mu gihe icya British Museum kizasubiza imitako 15 irimo iyo ku mubiri, amasaro n’impigi, yose ikazashyikirizwa ikigo ndangamurage cya Manhyia Palace Museum kiri mu mujyi wa Kumasi.

Hagati aho ariko, ubwo butunzi buzasubizwa ubwami bwa Asante ku ideni ry’imyaka itatu ritavugwa ingano, ndetse rishobora no kongerwaho indi itatu.

Iyi ntambwe yagezweho ku bwumvikane bwabaye hagati y’ibigo ndangamurage bibiri byo mu Bwongereza n’Umwami Otumfo Osei Tutu II wa Asante uzwi nka Asantehene. Uyu mwami aherutse koherereza ikigo The British Museum urwandiko rusaba gusubizwa ubutunzi bwabo basahuwe mu myaka 150 ishize ubwo ingabo z’Abongereza zarwanaga n’ingabo z’Ubwami bwa Asante mu gihe cy’ubukoloni.

Ubusanzwe itegeko ry’u Bwongereza rigenga ibintu ndangamurage, ntiryemerera ibigo ndangamurage by’igihugu birimo V&A na the British Museum, gusubiza ibikoresho bibitse, n’iyo kwaba ari ukubisubiza mu bihugu byasahuwemo.

Iyi mitako igiye gusubizwa muri Ghana

Ibihugu byinshi byo ku mugabane w’u Burayi bimaze iminsi byotswa igitutu cyo gusubiza imitako y’ubugeni n’ubutunzi ndangamurage byagiye bisahurwa mu bihe bitandukanye by’ubukoloni.

Leta ya Nigeria na yo iherutse gusaba The British Museum kuyisubiza ibikoresho by’umuringa bya Benin, byafashwe n’u Bwongereza ubwo bwigaruriraga Umujyi wa Benin wo muri Nigeria mu 1897, none bikaba binyanyagiye hirya no hino mu bigo ndangamurage byo mu Bwongereza, mu Bufaransa no mu Budage.

Igihugu cya Benin n’icya Misiri byo byamaze gusubizwa ubutunzi bwabyo bwari buri mu bigo ndangamurage by’i Burayi bitandukanye. Ethiopia na yo yifuza ko The British Museum iyisubiza ibyabo byasahuwe mu gace k’icyaro kari mu majyaruguru y’igihugu kitwaga Maqdala mu gihe ingabo z’u Bwongereza zari zihakambitse mu 1868.

Umwami Charles III yakira Umwami wa Asante Otumfuo Osei Tutu II mu 2023

Perezida wa Guinée Conakry Gen Mamady Doumbouya

Akiri ku ipeti rya Lieutenant-Colonel mu 2018, Mamady Doumbouya yari akuriye itsinda ry’ingabo zidasanzwe zishinzwe kurwanya iterabwoba, itsinda ryashyizweho na Perezida Condé wahiritswe ku butegetsi na Doumbouya wari umaze kugera ku ipeti rya Colonel.

Yarahiriye kuyobora Leta y’inzibacyuho ku itariki 01 Ukwakira 2021, icyo gihe yizeza abaturage ko inzibacyuho agiye kuyobora izarangwa n’amahoro.

Mamady Doumbouya yaragize ati "Ni inshingano zacu gutabara igihugu no guhuza Abanyagineya, tuzashyiraho ubuyobozi buzafasha Abanyagineya bose kwibonamo, kubera ko ubuyobozi budahuriweho ntabwo buzaba bushingiye ku mahoro".

Umukuru w’igihugu wasuye Mamady Doumbouya bwa mbere kuva afashe ubutegetsi mu 2021 ni Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame, wagiriye uruzinduko rw’iminsi ibiri muri Guinée Conakry kuva ku itariki 17-18 Mata 2023.

Icyo gihe Mamady Doumbouya wari ukiri Colonel, yavuze ko yifuza gufatira urugero ku buyobozi bw’u Rwanda mu rugendo rwo kuzahura igihugu, no gushimangira ubumwe nk’uko Perezida Kagame yabigenje ku Rwanda.

Itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’ibiro bya Perezida Doumbouya ku itariki 18 Mata 2023, ryaragize riti "Kuva kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kugeza ku kunga ubumwe bw’abanyagihugu, u Rwanda rwabashije kuzanzamuka, rwiha intego yo kwisana mbere yo kugera ku rwego rwo kuba icyitegererezo muri Afurika. Ni yo mpamvu urugero rw’u Rwanda rushimisha cyane Colonel Perezida Mamady Doumbouya".

Perezida Mamady Doumbouya na Madamu Lauriane Darboux

Ku munsi wa kabiri w’uruzinduko rwa Perezida Kagame muri Guinée Conakry, we na mugenzi we Col Mamady Doumbouya, batashye ku mugaragaro ikiraro kigezweho n’umuhanda mugari uhuza umujyi wa Kagbélen n’Umurwa Mukuru Conakry. Ibyo bikorwa remezo byombi bikaba byaritiriwe Kagame Paul.

Mbere yo gushingwa kuyobora itsinda ry’ingabo zidasanzwe, Mamady Doumbouya yabaye mu gisirikare cy’u Bufaransa gikorera hanze (Légion Etrangère), afite ipeti rya kaporari (Caporal), ari na ho yigiye ibya gisirikare mu Ishuri ry’Intambara rya Paris (Ecole de Guerre de Paris).

General Mamady Doumbouya w’imyaka 43, yashakanye n’Umufaransakazi Lauriane Darboux bafitanye abana bane.

Umujyi wa Mombasa wibasiwe n’indwara y’amaso atukura

Inkuru yatangajwe na Capital Fm iravuga ko ubwo burwayi, bwagaragaye cyane mu mijyi ya Mombasa na Kilifi.

Abaturage basabwe kwita ku isuku cyane bakaraba intoki, kwirinda gukora ku maso, no gutiririkanya ibikoresho.

Mu cyumweru gishize ubuyobozi muri Tanzania bwasabye abantu kwitwararika, nyuma yo kubarura abantu 869 banduye iyo ndwara mu kwezi kumwe, by’umwihariko mu mujyi w’ubucuruzi wa Dar es Salaam.

Ubwo burwayi bwitwa ‘conjunctivitis’, nanone buzwi nk’uburwayi bw’amaso atukura, bufata igice gishinzwe kurinda ijisho kikabyimba kikanaribwa cyane.

Ibimenyetso byayo ni ugutukura kw’amaso, kubyimba, kuzana amarira no kuryaryatwa. Hari n’abarwayi bagira ikibazo cyo gutakaza amatembabuzi y’ijisho.

Perezida Kagame yamaze impungenge abatewe ubwoba n’amagambo y’abavuga ko bashaka gutera u Rwanda

Nubwo mu nama zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zibera mu Rwanda haba hari abashinzwe gusemura mu Cyongereza no mu Gifaransa, iyo Umukuru w’Igihugu afite ubutumwa bwihariye ashaka kugeza ku Banyamahanga, abyivugira mu Cyongereza kugira ngo yizere ko babyumvise 100% nta wundi binyuzeho.

Ni nako yabigenje mu ijambo ritangiza ku mugaragaro Inama y’Umushyikirano ibaye ku nshuro ya 19, ubwo yakomozaga ku magambo amaze iminsi avugwa n’Abakuru b’ibihugu by’ibituranyi baherutse kwerura bavuga ko bazatera u Rwanda.

Perezida Kagame yagize ati “Nabwiye inshuti zacu, izi nshuti zacu zifite imbaraga, ndetse nabivugiye ku mugaragaro…iyo ari ibintu bireba kurinda iki Gihugu cyababaye kuva kera kikabura umuntu ugitabara, nta n’umwe nkeneye gusaba uruhushya rwo gukora icyo tugomba gukora ngo twirinde. Nabivuze ku manywa y’ihangu, nabibwiye abarebwa n’iki kibazo kandi ni ko bizagenda. Nimujye iwanyu muryame…nta kintu kizambuka umupaka w’iki Gihugu cyacu gito…nihagira umuntu n’umwe ubigerageza….”

Perezida Kagame yakomeje agira ati “Rero ntimugatinye ibitumbaraye ….uba umeze nk’igipirizo umuntu ashobora gukozaho urushinge gusa …. aho twari turi mu myaka 30 ishize, nta kindi kintu kibi kirenzeho gishobora kutubaho, na none kandi ibyo bivuze ko nuramuka udushyize ahantu dushobora gutekereza ko dusa n’abasubiye muri cya gihe, aho uzitegure ko tuzarwana nk’abadafite icyo gutakaza, kandi abazabihomberamo si twe.”

Sinigeze nsubiza ibitutsi byaturutse mu Majyepfo, mu Burengerazuba…biriya ntawe byica, rero sinata umwanya wanjye, twe si uko duteye ariko bazashyira babone isomo ko bakoze ikosa rikomeye.”