Juvénal Habyarimana

Nyuma yo gukuraho no kwica Kayibanda mu 1973, Habyarimana wari umusirikare ku ipeti rya Général Major, yahise asenya ishyaka MDR-PARMEHUTU rya Kayibanda, ashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Dévelopment (MRND) yari abereye umuyobozi, igihugu gikomeza gutegekwa n’ishyaka rimwe kugeza mu 1991.

Nyuma y’imyaka hafi 20 MRND ari yo yica igakiza ku butegetsi bw’igitugu n’ubugizi bwa nabi byakorerwaga abatavuga rumwe nawe by’umwihariko Abatutsi, Habyarimana yemeye kugarura politike y’amashyaka menshi kubera impinduka zatewe n’intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda yatangijwe na FPR-Inkotanyi, n’abandi banyapolitike bakaboneraho kubyutsa umutwe.

Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwaranzwe n’igitugu cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru by’umwihariko abinyujije mu gatsiko ka bene wabo bo mu majyaruguru, bafatanyije mu mugambi wo guheza impunzi z’Abatutsi hanze no gukomeza kugirira nabi abasigaye mu gihugu.

Muri rusange politike ya Habyarimana ntaho yari itaniye n’iya Kayibanda, kuko zombi zari zubakiye ku kubiba urwango mu Banyarwanda, gushishikariza no gutoza Abahutu kwanga abanyagihugu bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi; babahora ko Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi warwanyaga MRND, watangijwe n’Abatutsi bahunze ubugizi bwa nabi bwo mu 1959 n’ihirikwa ry’ingoma ya cyami.

Ibyo byose Habyarimana yabijyanishaga n’irondakarere ryari rishingiye ahanini ku gutonesha abo bakomokaga hamwe (mu majyaruguru), biza no kurenga urwango yari afitiye Abatutsi, atangira no gukandamiza Abahutu bo mu majyepfo kwa Grégoire Kayibanda. Byari nk’uburyo bwo kumwihimuraho kuko nawe (Kayibanda) ubutegetsi bwe bwaranzwe no gutonesha abo mu majyepfo ari nabyo byatumye Habyarimana amuhirika aranamwica.

Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi mu 1973, Abatutsi bari barahunze ubwicanyi bwo mu 1959 no mu myaka yakurikiyeho, bakomeje kumusaba kubareka bakagaruka mu rwababyaye, ariko aranangira avuga ko u Rwanda rumeze nk’ikirahure cyuzuyemo amazi, ko uramutse usutsemo andi yameneka.

Ibyo ariko byari amaco yo gukomeza politike y’ivangura kimwe na Kayibanda, ari nabyo byatumye Abatutsi bari mu buhungiro bashyiraho umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi (1987) biha intego yo kubohora igihugu no gucyura impunzi bakoresheje imbaraga za gisirikare.
Urugamba rwatangiye mu Kwakira 1990, hanyuma mu 1991-1992 Habyarimana amaze kubona ko ibintu bitamworoheye, yemera kugarura politike y’amashyaka menshi ariko akomeza no gushyira imbaraga mu bikorwa byo kumvisha Abahutu ko Abatutsi ari bo banzi b’igihugu.

Icyo gihe bamwe mu Bahutu bo mu yandi mashyaka yamurwanyaga, batangiye kugenda bamugarukira, ni ko gushyiraho icyo bise Hutu Power, kurimbura Abatutsi bari imbere mu Rwanda bigirwa umushinga ku rwego rw’igihugu. Hagati aho ariko urugamba rwa FPR-Inkoyanyi narwo rwari rurimbanyije.

Mu ijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994, Habyarimana avuye gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha, Tanzania yo gusangira ubutegetsi n’amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe nawe harimo na FPR, indege ye yarashweho igisasu ageze mu kirere cy’u Rwanda, apfana na Perezida w’u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira wari wamuherekeje.

Iyicwa rya Habyarimana ryahise rikurikirwa no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa jenoside wari umaze igihe kinini utegurwa n’intagondwa z’Abahutu batari bashyigikiye Amasezerano ya Arusha no kubona impunzi zitahuka, ni ko gutangira Jenoside yo kurimbura Abatutsi, ihitana abarenga miliyoni imwe mu minsi ijana gusa.

Théodore Sindikubwabo

Habyarimana amaze kwicwa ku myaka 57, yasimbuwe na Théodore Sindikubwabo wari perezida w’inteko ishinga amategeko ashyiraho guverinoma yiyise iy’abatabazi yari yuzuyemo abateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Iyo guverinoma ariko ntiyamaze kabiri, kuko yategetse kuva ku itariki 7 Mata kugeza kuri 04 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo FPR-Inkotanyi yatsindaga urugamba, benshi bagahungira mu cyahoze ari Zaire (Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo), abandi bakajya mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika no ku yindi migabane.

Sindikubwabo nubwo yategetse igihe kitagera ku mezi ane, ni umwe mu batumye Jenoside yitabirwa cyane, kuko amaze gusimbura Habyarimana nka perezida w’agateganyo, yahise abwira Abahutu bose muri rusange ko nta numwe ugomba kwigira ntibindeba, ko bagomba kwishyira hamwe bagatsemba Abatutsi, avuga ko ari bo bishe Habyarimana.

Nawe ariko ntiyamaze kabiri, kuko yaje gupfira mu buhungiro i Bukavu (Zaire) mu 1998 azize uburwayi ku myaka 70. Uwari minisitiri we w’intebe Jean Kambanda yatawe muri yombi mu 1997 i Nairobi muri Kenya, ashyikirizwa urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga (TPIR), ubu akaba afungiye muri Mali nyuma yo kwemera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu.

Umuryango FPR-Inkotanyi umaze guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, wagaruye ituze ushyiraho Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho, iyoborwa na Pasteur Bizimungu wari Perezida wa FPR, yungirizwa na Maj General Paul Kagame wari urangije urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, ahita aba na minisitiri w’ingabo.

Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yagiyemo n’abo mu yandi mashyaka ya politike nk’uko byateganywaga n’Amasezerano ya Arusha Habyarimana yitaga ibipapuro. Ni bwo Faustin Twagiramungu yagizwe minisitiri w’intebe watanzwe n’ishyaka MDR ritari rikitwa PARMEHUTU kubera amateka mabi yariranze ku butegetsi bwa Kayibanda.

Mu gice gikurikira, tuzabagezaho incamake kuri Pasteur Bizimungu wayoboye inzibacyuho mu gihe cy’imyaka ine, akavaho yeguye mu 2000, u Rwanda rugategura amatora ya mbere ya nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ni amatora yegukanywe na Paul Kagame wahise aba Perezida wa gatandatu uhereye kuri Mbonyumutwa (w’agateganyo), Kayibanda (repubulika ya mbere), Habyarimana (repubulika ya gatatu), Sindikubwabo (w’agateganyo), Bizimungu (w’inzibacyuho), bityo u Rwanda rwinjira muri Repubulika ya gatatu binyuze mu matora ya demukarasi.