Fidele Mutoni, impuguke mu bijyanye n’uburinganire ndetse n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, wari uyoboye icyo gikorwa cy’ubushakashatsi IMRO Rwanda yabasabye gukora, avuga ko ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 10-19 bukorwa hagati y’ukwezi kwa kabiri n’ukwa gatatu muri uyu mwaka wa 2024.

Ubushakashatsi bwari bufite intego eshatu. Iya mbere yari ukureba isano yaba iri hagati y’ibibazo by’inda zitateguwe no kureba niba hari aho byaba bihuriye no kuba batabona izo serivisi zijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, kugira ngo ibyo bakeneye babibone hafi byujuje ubuziranenge, ndetse bakabibonera igihe. Mutoni ati “Twarebye niba hari imbogamizi zihari mu mategeko cyangwa muri serivisi zitaboneka. Ni byo byaba bituma iyi mibare yiyongera buri mwaka.”

Intego ya kabiri y’ubushakashatsi kwari ukureba impamvu zitera ibyo bibazo byo kwiyongera kw’imibare y’abangavu baterwa inda.

Intego ya gatatu ni ibitekerezo bashyize muri iyo raporo bigaragaramo icyakorwa n’inzego zose zaba iza Leta na sosiyete sivile kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bibashe guhagarara cyangwa se birangire burundu.

Abakoze ubushakashatsi basomye inyandiko na raporo zitandukanye zifite aho zihuriye n’ubushakashatsi bakoraga, bareba ingamba zagiye zifatwa, ndetse n’amategeko yerekeranye no kurwanya ibyaha bikorerwa abana.

Bifashishije n’inyandiko zijyanye n’amategeko agenga ubuzima bw’imyororokere y’abantu, bareba n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwaba rwarashyizeho umukono aruha inshingano zo kubahiriza uburenganzira bwerekeranye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Turere dutanu, baganiriza amatsinda y’ababyaye batarageza imyaka 19 ariko batari munsi y’imyaka 13 y’amavuko kuko nyuma y’imyaka 13 aribwo abenshi batangira kujya mu mihango, bivuze ko baba bashobora no gutwara inda. Abaganirijwe basobanuraga urugendo rwo gutwita bahereye ku byababayeho mbere y’uko baterwa inda.

Abakoze ubushakashatsi kandi baganiriye n’abafatanyabikorwa ndetse n’abaganga batanga serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere bagamije kumenya icyo batekereza ku kibazo cy’inda ziterwa abangavu ndetse na seirivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi

Fidele Mutoni wari uyoboye igikorwa cy’ubushakashatsi avuga ko hari ibibazo byagaragaye muri ubwo bushakashatsi bikeneye gukorerwa ubuvugizi ndetse hagafatwa n’ingamba kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke.

Abakoze ubushakashatsi basanze hari isano iri hagati y’ibibazo bijyanye no gutwita kw’abangavu ndetse no kuba batabona serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere ku buryo buhagije.

Basanze mu Rwanda abagera kuri 5,2% ari bo bazwi ku rwego rw’Igihugu ko batewe inda batarageza ku myaka 19, bivuze ko u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bifite umubare uri hejuru cyane w’abahura n’iki kibazo.

Impamvu abakoze ubushakashatsi babonye zibitera harimo kuba u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bifite umubare munini w’abana batwita bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 19, bashingiye kuri raporo ya UNFPA Rwanda yo mu mwaka wa 2023, ibi bikagaragaza ko hari isano y’ibyo bagombye kuba bamerewe batemerewe ubu byakabafashije mu kwirinda gutwita batarageza imyaka ibibemerera.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abangavu 30% bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 19 ari bo bazi gusa ibijyanye n’uburyo buriho bwabarinda gutwara inda batateguye, abandi 70% ntabwo babuzi, ntibazi n’uko bukoreshwa.

Ikindi kibazo abakoze ubushakashatsi babonye ni icy’uko abangavu bujuje imyaka 18 hakurikijwe ibiri mu mategeko y’u Rwanda ari bo bonyine bafite uburenganzira bwo kwifatira icyemezo ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere bwabo. Nko kuba ufite iyo myaka afite uburenganzira bwo kuba yaboneza urubyaro nta muntu agishije inama, nko gufata ibinini cyangwa guterwa inshinge, ariko umuntu uri munsi yayo akaba atemerewe guhabwa iyo miti atari kumwe n’umubyeyi we cyangwa undi umurera.

Mutoni avuga ko basanze hari ingingo ziri mu mategeko abantu bakwiye gukorera ubuvugizi zikaba zahinduka. Ati “Nta kuntu wavuga ngo umuntu arajya mu mihango, ariko ntumwemereye kwisabira serivisi zamurinda guhura na cya kibazo cyo gutwara inda. Nubwo utageza ku myaka 13 ariko wakagabanyije ukagera ku myaka 14 cyangwa 15. Uramutse ugabanyije ya myaka yo kwifatira icyemezo, hari icyiciro uba urinze bya bibazo turimo kuvuga.”

Yongeyeho ati “Imyaka yo kwifatira icyemezo (age of majority) yaguma kuri 18 ariko ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, tubona bakwiye kugabanya bikagera kuri 14 cyangwa 15 kuko waba ugiye kurengera icyiciro kinini cy’abana, ari na bo twasanze harimo benshi batwita.”

Ikindi kibazo basanze kiri mu mategeko ni aho abaganga babuzwa guha serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere abana batari kumwe n’ababyeyi babo, nyamara itegeko rikavuga ko abana babiri basambanye babyumvikanye nta cyaha baba bakoze, ibyo bikaba birimo ingaruka zikomeye kuko baba bashobora guterana inda.

Ni byo Mutoni yasobanuye ati “Harimo ikibazo kuko niba wa mwana atemerewe kujya kwa muganga ngo bamuhe agakingirizo, aragenda akore imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, ahure na bya bibazo byose turimo tuvuga. Dusanga izi ngingo zikeneye guhuzwa zikaba zavuga ikintu kimwe, muganga ndetse n’uhabwa serivisi bakagira aho bahurira batagonganye ku ngingo z’amategeko.”

Ubukene buri mu miryango na bwo ngo butuma umukobwa hari ibyo akenera atabona, bityo kumushuka bikoroha, akagwa muri uwo mutego wo gutwara inda. Ashobora no gushukwa n’urungano bagendana ndetse agashukwa n’ibigezweho abona ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Abakoze ubushakashatsi hari ibyifuzo (Recommendations) batanze

Abakoze ubushakashatsi basanze kugira ngo ikibazo cy’abangavu baterwa inda gikemuke, bisaba gukemura ibibazo biri mu mategeko, aho biri ngombwa akavugururwa akajyana n’igihe, abafata ibyemezo bakagabanya imyaka y’abemererwa serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, nibura kugera ku myaka 14 aho umuntu yemerewe kubona serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere atiriwe abanza gusaba uburenganzira ababyeyi cyangwa abamurera, ku buryo umukobwa yasaba agakingirizo aho badutanga akagenda akitwaje agiye gusura umuhungu.

Kwigisha ibijyanye n’ubumenyi ku mibonano mpuzabitsina na byo biracyari hasi, ku buryo porogaramu zahozeho mbere ubu zisa n’izigenda buhoro, zikaba zikwiye kongerwamo imbaraga, urubyiruko rugahabwa ubumenyi.

Ikindi kibazo babonye ni uko serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere ku bujuje imyaka zitangwa ariko uburyo zitangwamo ngo butera bamwe ipfunwe aho usanga nta cyumba cyihariye cy’abazishaka cyangwa se niba ari ukeneye udukingirizo ntadusange ahantu hiherereye, ku buryo kudufatira ku mugaragaro bamwe bibatera isoni.

Abamurikiwe ubushakashatsi babutanzeho ibitekerezo

Nyuma yo kumurikirwa ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi, habayeho kungurana ibitekerezo by’uburyo imiryango itandukanye cyane cyane iya sosiyete sivile yagira uruhare mu gukemura iki kibazo n’uburyo yarushaho gukora ubuvugizi.

Marie Aimée Dukuze ukora mu muryango w’abagore bafite ubumuga ushinzwe iterambere n’ubuzima bwiza (Organization of Women with Disabilities for Health promotion and Development - OWDHD), ashima ko ubu bushakashatsi butirengagije ibibazo by’abagore n’abakobwa bafite ubumuga kuko na bo bari mu bantu baterwa inda bakiri bato, hakabamo ababa badafite ubumenyi n’amakuru ahagije ku buzima bw’imyororokere, ntibagere n’ahatangirwa serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere ku buryo buboroheye.

Marie Aimée Dukuze yanagaragaje ko mu itegeko hari ibikwiye kuvugururwa aho rivuga ko hari abantu batemerewe kwifatira ibyemezo nk’abantu bari munsi y’imyaka 18 ndetse n’abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Nyamara abafite ubwo bumuga bwo mu mutwe usanga barimo ibyiciro birenga 50 kandi abo bose ntabwo ari ko badashoboye kwifatira ibyemezo.

Ati “Ni byiza ko muri ririya tegeko bashyiramo ibyo byiciro, bagasobanura ko hari ibyiciro by’abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ariko bashoboye kwifatira ibyemezo n’abandi badashoboye kwifatira ibyemezo, kugira ngo abo bantu bashoboye kwifatira ibyemezo bareke kujya babura serivisi mu buryo bw’ibanga kandi bari bazikwiye, ndetse nta n’icyo byakwica baramutse bazihawe.”

Marie Aimée Dukuze asanga no mu gutanga izo serivisi hakwiye kurebwa uburyo bunoze bwo kuzitanga ku bantu bose, ku buryo nta cyiciro cy’abantu bafite ubumuga gihezwa ngo usange amakuru atabageraho.

Mutimukeye Clarisse, umuganga ukorera ku bitaro bya Kibagabaga ariko akanakorana n’umuryango w’abaganga witwa Medical Doctors for Choice, ugizwe n’abaganga bakora ku buzima bw’imyororokere mu buvugizi no kongera ubumenyi mu bantu bakenera serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, we agaragaza ko hakiri imbogamizi nyinshi zishobora gutuma inda mu bangavu ziyongera.

Ati “U Rwanda rwateye intambwe mu kwemerera urubyiruko gukurirwamo inda mu buryo bwizewe (safe abortion) ariko haracyari imbogamizi ku rubyiruko ruje gushaka izo serivisi, ukurikije uko serivisi zitangwa ku bitaro kwa muganga.”

“Nubwo iteka rya Minisitiri rivuga ko umuntu uje gushaka serivisi zo gukurirwamo inda bidakenewe ko ajyana transfert, nyamara ubwishingizi bwo bumutegeka ko kugira ngo umuntu yishyurirwe serivisi zo mu buvuzi agomba kujya kwivuriza ku bitaro afite transfert, uru rukaba ari urupapuro akura ku kigo nderabuzima rumwohereza ku bitaro by’Akarere, kuko serivisi zo gukurirwamo inda zitangirwa ku bitaro by’Akarere, kuko zigomba gutangwa n’umuganga (Doctor).”

“Rero kubera ko umwana asabwa kunyura ku kigo nderabuzima kugira ngo aze ku bitaro by’Akarere, bituma ahura n’abantu benshi. Byonyine kugira ngo afunguke abwire umuganga wo ku kigo nderabuzima ngo ndashaka kujya ku bitaro by’Akarere ngo bankuriremo inda, uwo muganga akenshi ashobora kudahita abyumva, ndetse na wa mwana agatinya kubwira abo bantu bose ko ashaka serivisi yo gukurirwamo inda, kugira ngo uwo muganga abyandike kuri urwo rupapuro rwa transfert. Ibyo rero bishobora gutuma umwana areka kujya kwa muganga kuko inzira bicamo ari ndende, aho aba atinya no guhura n’abantu bazi ababyeyi be bakabibabwira.”

Muganga Mutimukeye Clarisse avuga ko hari ushobora kugera ku bitaro by’Akarere yaje nta transfert azanye, bamuzubiza ku bitaro byo hasi ngo ajye kuyishaka agahitamo kubyihorera kuko abona bisa n’ibigoranye.

Ati “Haracyari ibintu bikeneye ubuvugizi kugira ngo bazahuze iteka rya Minisitiri n’uko serivisi zitangwa, kugira ngo izo mbogamizi zigende zikurwaho, ndetse ubwishingizi bubashe kwishyurira uje gusaba izo serivisi zo gukurirwamo inda hatabayeho izindi mbogamizi, ubwishingizi bukamwishyurira bidasabye ko abanza kujya gushaka ya transfert.”

Rosine Izabayo ukuriye umushinga wa IMRO Rwanda wakoze ubu bushakashatsi ku kureba isano iri hagati y’umubare munini w’abangavu baterwa inda ndetse no kutabona serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, avuga ko abafatanyabikorwa bamurikiwe ubwo bushakashatsi basanzwe bakora ibyerekeranye na serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere , nk’abantu bajya hirya no hino mu Gihugu na bo baba bafite andi makuru, bityo ko kubamurikira ubwo bushakashatsi na bo bakabutangaho ibitekerezo n’inyunganizi, bitanga amakuru afatika, bityo bakabiheraho bakora ubuvugizi kugira ngo cya kibazo kibashe kubonerwa umuti uhamye.

Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa w’Umuryango IMRO Rwanda, Mwananawe Aimable, na we yashimiye abitabiriye ibyo biganiro, akizera ko ibitekerezo batanze kuri ubwo bushakashatsi biturutse ku bunararibonye n’ubumenyi bafite cyangwa se biturutse ku makuru bakuye hirya no hino mu baturage, bifasha mu kunoza ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi mbere y’uko bushyikirizwa abafata ibyemezo mu nzego za Leta.