Ubusanzwe iyo nk’umucuruzi yibwaga amafaranga yose yari yakoreye ku munsi, cyangwa umuhinzi agasanga imyaka ye yangijwe, inzira yonyine yahabwagamo ubutabera yafataga igihe cyo gutegereza amezi rimwe na rimwe hakaba hanashira imyaka, kugira ngo urubanza rusozwe.

Ubu ariko, mu Rwanda hatangijwe uburyo bushya, aho ukekwa ashobora kwemera icyaha biciye mu bwumvikane n’ubushinjacyaha, hanyuma uwahohotewe akemererwa gusaba indishyi muri urwo rwego.

Ni impinduka zije nyuma y’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusohoye amabwiriza mashya muri Nzeri 2025, agaragaza neza uburyo ubwo bwumvikane hamwe n’ubuhuza hagati y’abahohotewe n’abakekwaho icyaha (plea bargain) bigomba gukorwa.

Ayo mabwiriza ntabwo ari politiki gusa, ahubwo anatanga umurongo uhamye ugaragaza uko abacamanza, abashinjacyaha, abunganira abantu mu mategeko (abavoka) n’abaregera indishyi bagomba gukorana bakagirana amasezerano, kuyemeza no gushyira mu bikorwa indishyi.

Ku nshuro ya mbere, uwahohotewe ntabwo azajya afatwa nk’umutangabuhamya gusa, ahubwo yemerewe gusaba indishyi mu buryo bweruye.

Ubwumvikane mu rukiko (Plea Bargain) busobanurwa bute?

Ubuwumvikane ni amasezerano aba hagati y’ukekwaho icyaha n’ubushinjacyaha, aho gukomeza urubanza rurerure, ukekwaho icyaha yemera icyaha, hanyuma akagabanyirizwa ibirego cyangwa igihano.

Urugero, niba umusore akurikiranyweho kwiba mu iduka, cyangwa umukozi muri Leta akurikiranyweho kunyereza umutungo, aho guhanishwa igihano gikomeye gitangwa n’Urukiko, ashobora kwemera icyaha agasubiza ibyo yibye, ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwamusabira igihano cyoroheje, nko gukora imirimo nsimburagifungo (ifitiye Igihugu akamaro) cyangwa agafungwa igihe gito.

Imibare yerekana ko kugeza mu mpera za Kamena 2024, imanza zasubitswe (Case backlog) zingana na 59% by’imanza zose zitararangizwa. Ni ukuvuga imanza 44,779 muri 76,273, ibintu byakomeje kubera inkiko umuzigo uremereye kuko Leta itarimo gushobora kujya ihora yongera umubare w’abacamanza n’abashinjacyaha, cyangwa gufunga buri wese wakoze icyaha. Ubwumvikane bukaba bugamije kugabanya umuzigo w’imanza no kwihutisha ubutabera.

Amabwiriza mashya y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga

Amabwiriza yashyizweho yerekana ko ukekwaho icyaha agomba gusobanurirwa uburenganzira bwe, adashyirwaho igitutu, kandi afite uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa n’umwunganizi mu by’amategeko.

Ikindi gikomeye, ni uko ayo mabwiriza aha ijambo abahohotewe, aho yemerewe kugaragaza icyo yifuza, gusaba indishyi no kumvikana mu buryo bweruye.

Itandukaniro ry’u Rwanda n’ahandi

Mu bihugu byinshi, nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Afurika y’Epfo na Kenya, plea bargain isanzwe ikoreshwa, ariko u Rwanda rwatangije uburyo bwihariye kuko buha uruhare rukomeye uwahohotewe.

Urugero, niba umunyonzi yakubiswe agatakaza uburyo bwamwinjirizaga, ashobora kwicara mu biganiro agasaba kwishyurwa amafaranga yivurijeho. Iyo atabonetse, ubushinjacyaha bugomba kubanza kumugisha inama mbere yo gusinya amasezerano.

Nanone, urukiko rugomba gutanga amahirwe ya nyuma kuri ayo masezerano, rukareba niba ari ayubahirije amategeko, nta gitutu cyangwa uburiganya byakozwe, kandi niba indishyi zashyizwemo neza. Iyo ayo mabwiriza atubahirijwe, urubanza ruburanishwa mu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa.

Amategeko kandi arinda impande zombi, aho ukekwa wemeye icyaha ku gahato, mu buriganya cyangwa adafite umwunganizi, ashobora gusaba ko amasezerano asubirwamo. Iyo uwahohotewe atishimiye indishyi, ashobora kwanga kuyasinya, bigatuma urubanza rukomeza kuburanishirizwa mu nkiko.

Amasomo bikwiye gusigira ahandi ku Isi

Nubwo ahenshi ku isi, ‘plea bargain’ ari uburyo busanzwe bwo gukemura imanza, ariko aho bugaragara cyane, nk’i Burayi no muri Amerika, abahohotewe ntibahabwa uruhare rufatika.

U Rwanda rwo rwiyemeje gushyira imbere inzira y’ubutabera bwihuse bujyanye no kugenza icyaha (restorative justice), aho uwemeye icyaha ahanwa ariko n’uwahohotewe akabona indishyi.

Ibi bivuze ko umujura ashobora guhabwa igihano kigufi ariko agasubiza ibyo yibye, uwakoze icyaha cy’uburiganya agatanga indishyi ku bariganyijwe, naho ukekwaho ihohotera ku mubiri akishyura amafaranga uwahohotewe yakoresheje yivuza.

Ubu buryo ntabwo ari “inzira yo guhunga ubutabera”, ahubwo ni uburyo bushya bwo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse, bunoze kandi bwubahiriza ijwi ry’abahohotewe.

Gushyiraho plea bargain hamwe n’ubuhuza hagati y’abahohotewe n’abakekwaho icyaha, biragaragaza ko ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bugiye gutera intambwe ikomeye, bitari guhana gusa, ahubwo no gusubiza abahohotewe ibyo batakaje no kubaka icyizere mu muryango.