Uwatura yatura i Gicumbi: Hari umwuka mwiza kurusha ahandi mu Rwanda

Yanditswe na

Oswald Niyonzima

30-03-2026 - 19:13' | Ibitekerezo ( )

Kuri Phoibe Mukandayisenga, umunyamakuru wabaye kandi agakorera mu Karere ka Gicumbi imyaka ikabakaba icumi, ikirere cya Gicumbi ni ikirere gihora gihehereye haba mu mpeshyi cyangwa mu gihe cy’imvura, ku buryo iyo uhumeka wumva uhumeka umwuka ugenda udafite ikiwutega mu nzira z’ubuhumekero, kandi aho unyuze mu nzira z’ubuhumekero ukumva hasigaye hakeye.

Ati “Iyo uhageze wumva uhumetse, ufite umwuka utandukanye n’uw’iyi Kigali twirirwamo. Mbese wahatuye ku bijyanye n’ikirere cyiza, uba wumva nta handi waba ngo hakunyure.”

Muri aka Karere k’imisozi miremire yambaye amashyamba, n’imirima iryoheye ijisho y’icyayi, ibirayi n’ibindi, Mukandayisenga ati “Haba ikirere kitagora umuntu uwo ari we wese usibye uwaba afite uburwayi budasanzwe bw’umwihariko.”

Claudine Nyirabakire, ucuruza imboga muri aka Karere, avuga ko itandukaniro aryibonera cyane iyo agiye mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Ati “Iyo ngeze i Kigali amaso arandya, abana bagakorora nijoro. Ariko hano iwacu umwuka uroroha, umuyaga uva ku misozi ugatuma uhorana isuku.”

Ibyo aba bombi bavuga, bishimangirwa na Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cyo mu Busuwisi, IOAir, gifatanyije na ONU, yashyize Akarere ka Gicumbi ku mwanya wa mbere mu Rwanda mu duce dufite umwuka mwiza, usukuye.

Iyi raporo yasohotse mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize igaragaza ko umwuka wo my Karere ka Gicumbi ari wo wanduye ku kigero cyo hasi kuko ifite ingano ntoya y’uduce tw’umukungugu duhumanya ikirere (fine particles) ipimwa mu ngero bita mikorogarama 38 kuri metero kibe (µg/m³).

Nubwo iki gipimo kikiri hejuru y’igiteganywa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS/WHO) cya cya mikorogarama eshanu (5 µg/m³), Gicumbi ni yo iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu Rwanda mu kugira umwuka mwiza.

Aya makuru ashingiye ku bipimo byakusanyijwe n’ibikoresho cumin a kimwe bipima ubuziranenge bw’umwuka biri hirya no hino mu gihugu, byaturutse ku masoko ane atandukanye arimo ibikoresho bya Leta n’ibindi bihendutse byifashishwa mu gukurikirana ireme ry’umwuka.

Nubwo u Rwanda rutangiye gutera intambwe mu gukurikirana ubuziranenge bw’umwuka, inzobere zigaragaza ko umubare w’ibikoresho bipima umwuka ukiri muto ugereranyije n’ibihugu bifite ubushobozi buhanitse.

Mu mpamvu iyi raporo ivuga ko zituma Gicumbi igira umwuka mwiza harimo: kuba iri ku butumburuke bwo hejuru, bigafasha umuyaga gukwirakwiza imyuka ihumanye, kuba ifite umubare muto w’imodoka n’inganda, gahunda zo gutera ibiti no kurengera ibidukikije ndetse n’uburyo bwiza bwo guhinga bubungabunga ubutaka, dore ko bahinga ku materasi y’indinganire.

Ku rwego rw’igihugu, u Rwanda rufite impuzandengo y’umwanda w’umwuka igera kuri 34.5 µg/m³, inshuro hafi zirindwi hejuru y’igipimo cyemewe.

Mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ho umwuka ukunze kugaragara ko wanduye kurushaho, aho mu bihe bitandukanye wageze kuri 40 µg/m³ cyangwa ukarenga, bitewe ahanini n’imodoka nyinshi, ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi n’indi mirimo ijyanye n’iterambere ry’imijyi.

Ahandi nko mu Mujyi wa Muhanga na ho, iyi raporo yerekana ko hakunze kugaragara umwuka wanduye kurusha ahandi, bitewe n’ubucucike bw’abaturage, ubwikorezi bwinshi n’umukungugu.

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’iki kibazo, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA) cyashyizeho amabwiriza akomeye yo kugenzura imyuka iva mu modoka.

Kuri ubu, imodoka zose zisabwa gutsinda ibizamini by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere mbere yo guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kugenda, hanashishikarizwa ikoreshwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu rwego rwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya.

Mu Karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ikibazo cy’umwuka wanduye kiracyari ingorabahizi. Ibihugu nka Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bifite urugero ruri hejuru, mu gihe Kenya na Tanzania byo bifite ururi hasi ugereranyije, ariko na rwo rukiri hejuru y’igipimo cyemewe.

Ku rwego rwa Afurika, ibihugu nka Chad na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo biri mu bifite umwuka wanduye cyane ku Isi.

Ku Isi hose, imibare igaragaza ko 14% gusa by’imijyi ari yo yujuje ibisabwa ku bwiza bw’umwuka, mu gihe 91% by’ibihugu birenga ku bipimo byemewe.

Abahanga bagaragaza ko kugera ku mwuka mwiza bishoboka, ariko bisaba guhuza politiki nziza, imiterere y’ahantu n’imyitwarire myiza y’abaturage.

Bakanaburira ko ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, ihindagurika ry’ibihe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bishobora kongera umwanda w’umwuka mu gihe bidacungwa neza.

Ku baturage ba Gicumbi, kuba Akarere kabo kaza ku isonga si imibare gusa, ahubwo ni ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, guhumeka neza, kugira ubuzima bwiza no kurengera ibidukikije.