Kabe gacye, kabe kenshi...abahanga barasobanura uko inzoga zigenza abakunzi bazo
Inzoga ni ikinyobwa gisembuye, kigira aho kibamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa Ethanol ariko hakaba n’izindi z’inkorano (zitemewe) bashyiramomethanol, ku buryo ishobora kugira ingaruka kuyinyweye.

Ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kunywa ikinyobwa kirimo methanol zirimo guhuma cyangwa urupfu bitewe n’uko gifata imyakura y’umubiri.
Ubusanzwe inzoga zemewe (izirimo ethanol) ziri mu byiciro bitatu, birimo izizwi nka byeri (Beers), Imivinyo (Wines) hamwe na likeri (Liquors) byose bikaba bijyanye n’ikigero cy’ingano ya alukoru iba irimo.
Byeri (Beers) ziba zifite alukoru (Alcohol) iri hagati ya 4-7, Imivinyo (Wines) gira iri hagati ya 8-13, mu gihe za likeri (Liquors) ziba ziri hagati ya 35-45.
Bamwe bashobora kwibaza aho inzoga nk’urwagwa zibarizwa. Izi na zo zishyirwa mu cyiciro cy’imivinyo (Wines), mu gihe izindi zizwi nk’ibyuma ziri mu cyiciro cya likeri (Liquors).
Mu 2023, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS), ryatangaje ko nta kigero cyizewe cy’inzoga umuntu ashobora kunywa kidafite ingaruka ku mubiri, kubera ko igitera ingaruka ari alukoru atari ikigero cy’inzoga.
Ubusanzwe mu bishobora gutera indwara ya Kanseri (Cancer) alikoru iri mu cyiciro cya mbere, hamwe n’ibindi birimo itabi n’amabati ya Asibetosi (Asbestos) amaze igihe yaraciwe na Leta y’u Rwanda, ikanategeka abayubakishije kuyakuraho.
Ibyiciro byose by’inzoga uko ari bitatu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko ndetse n’umubiri w’umuntu, ariko bikajyana n’uko yazikoresheje.
Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe gukumira ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RBC) Edmond Dufatanye, avuga ko inzoga zishobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu, yaba iz’ako kanya cyangwa iz’igihe kirekire.
Ati “Hari nk’abantu bazinywera rimwe, kubera ko inzoga ubwazo zimera nk’izisinziriza ubwonko, akaba ashobora kwisanga yaguye mu muferege, mu kiraro cyangwa se yaguye muri koma, kuko nabyo bijya bibaho. Ubundi hari igihe iyo umuntu yanyweye inzoga nyinshi, iyo agize amahirwe hari igihe umubiri uzanga akaruka.”
Arongera ati “Ariko iyo bitabayeho, za nzoga nyinshi ziragenda zikajya mu maraso akaba yagwa muri koma, cyane cyane kuri aba bantu baba bakoresheje inzoga z’ibyuma. Ni ukuvuga ngo inzoga zinjira mu mubiri, zikinjira mu gifu, gifite ubushobozi bwo kuba cyasohora nka 15% cy’izinjiye mu mubiri, hanyuma umwijima ugahita ufata inshingano zo kurwana n’izisigaye. Niyo mpamvu iyo bimaze igihe kinini, umuntu arwara umwijima.”
Uko umuntu agenda anywa inzoga nubwo biba bitagaragarira amaso, ariko ngo ni nako umwijima ugenda wangirika, ugabanya ubushobozi bwo gusohora imyanda yo mu mubiri.
Kugira ngo bivugwe ko umuntu yanyweye inzoga nyinshi bisaba ko aba yanyweye izingana zite? Ibi nabyo bibarwa bitewe n’ubwoko bw’inzoga yanyweye, ukurikije bya byiciro twavuzeho haruguru tugitangira inkuru.
Dufashe nk’urugero rw’inzoga ziri mu cyiciro cya za byeri (Beers), ntabwo byagakwiye ko umuntu arenza uducupa dutatu ku munsi, mvuze uducupa kubera ko ari tumwe duto tuzwi nka ‘Petit’, kuko iyo turenze uba utangiye kwinjira mu cyiciro cyo kurenza urugero, kandi bigakorwa gusa mu minsi itanu y’icyumweru, indi ibiri akaba wakwirinda kunywa icyo ari cyo cyose kirimo alikoru.
Igisobanuro cy’inzoga nyinshi, ngo kinajyana n’igihe umuntu amaze azinywa, n’uko umubiri washoboye kuzisohora.
Iyo bigeze ku nzoga ziri mu cyiciro cy’imivinyo (Wines), umuntu aba asabwa nibura kunywa Cl 30 ku munsi, nabwo akabikora mu gihe cy’iminsi itanu gusa mu cyumweru, mu gihe uywa izo mu bwoko bwa likeri (Liquors) aba asabwa kunywa nka Ml 30, na we akagira iminsi ibiri asibamo mu cyumweru.
Uretse ingaruka z’ako kanya, ngo inzoga zishobora no kugira ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ku mubiri ndetse no ku bwonko bwa muntu.
Ikindi abanywa cyangwa abateganya kunywa inzoga bakwiye kumenya, ni uko umuntu uri munsi y’imyaka 18 zimugiraho ingaruka cyane ku bwonko, ugereranyije n’uri hejuru y’iyo myaka, nkuko Dufatanye abisobanura.
Ati “Ubwonko bw’umuntu uri munsi y’imyaka 18 buba butaragera ku kigero cyo gukura, abantu bacishwa mu byuma bita MRI, bashobora kukwereka uburyo bitewe n’imyaka umuntu afite, ubwonko bwawe bugenda buhinduka, kandi igice cy’imbere mu gahanga, nicyo gice gikura nyuma mu buryo ubwonko bukura.”
Arongera ati “Nicyo gice gifasha mu gufata ibyemezo no gutekereza neza, iyo utangiye kunywa inzoga icyo gice kiragwingira, inzoga na zo ubwazo zishobora gutuma umuntu agira igwingira rigaragarira mu buryo ubushobozi bwe bw’imitekerereze bugabanuka.”
Si ku bana gusa inzoga zishobora kwangiza ubwonko kuko n’abantu bafite imyaka y’ubukure, zishobora kubangiririza ubwonko bikaba byatuma badatekereza neza ngo banafate ibyemezo bifututse.
Ikindi ni uko inzoga zishobora kuba imbarutso yo gutuma abazinywa barwara indwara zirimo Kanseri, Umutima, Diyabete, Umuvuduko w’amaraso, Umwijima, Impyiko, Igifu ndetse n’amara.
Uwabaye imbata y’inzoga akagira indwara y’ubusinzi biramwangiza, bigatuma hari inshingano adafata, bikamunanira kuzihagarika nubwo aba abona neza ingaruka zabyo.
Mu bice bitandukanye by’Umujyi wa Kigali by’umwihariko ahakigaragara utujagari, ni hamwe mu hantu usanga hari utubari twinshi cyane twiganjemo utw’inzagwa, ikigage n’izindi nzoga z’inkorano.
Ibi bituma abahatuye biganjemo abakorera amafaranga macye, bahora muri utwo tubari, bigatuma hahora urugomo rukabije rutewe n’ubusinzi.
Bamwe mu batuye mu duce tukigaragaramo akajagari mu Murenge wa Gisozi, bavuga ko inzoga zihendutse cyane ku buryo ku mafaranga 200 gusa umuntu ashobora kwirirwa yasinze, bigakururira bamwe amakimbirane mu miryango.
Umwe mu bagore bahatuye ati “Ntabwo yagukubita kabiri, gatatu yasinze ujya kwa muganga, wowe ntumukubite, na we wamwishyura akumva uko inkoni ziryana.”
Umugabo ati “Iyo hajemo ibyo kutumvikana, muba mugomba kurwana byanze bikunze, jye ndi umusinzi n’umugore n’umusizi, iyo ntashye nasinze na we yasinze ntidushobora kumvikana, mubwira ikintu ntagikore cyangwa akakimbwire jye simbyumve, ni ha handi hava amakimbirane tugahita dutangira kurwana.”
Bamwe mu babaye imbata y’inzoga biganjemo urubyiruko, barimo kuvurirwa mu kigo kivura ababaswe n’inzoga hamwe n’ibiyobyabwenge (Huye Isange Rehabilitation Center), bavuga ko mu gihe bahamaze ubuvuzi bahaboneye bwabafashije, nubwo bitababuza kwicuza kubera ingaruka byabagizeho mbere yo gutangira kwivuza.
Umwe muri bo ati “Nabanje kunywa urumojyi, nkoresha ikiyobyabwenge cya kanyanga, n’inzoga zisanzwe, zirimo kuza z’inzaduka. Ingaruka byangizeho ni nyinshi, kubera ko harimo gushwana n’umuryango, gusesagura umutungo no kunanirwa kwiga.”
Mugenzi we ati “Kubera kubiha umwanya munini, amafaranga mu kazi gatandukanye nagiye nkorera, nta kintu nigeze nunguka.”
Si inzego z’ubuzima gusa zigaragaza ububi n’ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kunywa inzoga, kubera ko no mubyo abanyamadini n’amatorero bigisha harimo kureka no kwirinda inzoga.
Mu nyigisho Mufti w’u Rwanda Sheikh Musa Sindayigaya aheruka gutanga ku isengesho ryo ku munsi wo ku wa Gatanu uzwi nka Juma ku bayisilamu, yavuze ko Imana ihamagarira abantu kwirinda ibisindisha n’urusimbi kuko byangiza ubwonko bwa muntu.
Yagize ati “Turinde ubwenge bwacu, turinde iyi ngabire Imana yaduhaye, kuko ari Ingabire ihambaye umuntu wese agomba kurinda, tuyirinde ibiyobyabwenge byose byangiza ubwenge bwacu, tuyirinde ibisindisha, kuko bitwangiririza ubwenge bwacu, kandi mu ngabire zose ikomeye cyane n’ingabire y’ubwenge, ku buryo mu bindi byiza byose dufite nta cyakwegera agaciro k’ubwenge.”
Imibare y’ibitaro bivura indwara zo mu mutwe bya Caraes Ndera, yerekana ko mu mwaka wa 2021/2022 bakiriye abarwayi 96.357, aho abasaga 70% bari urubyiruko rufite ibibazo byakomotse ku biyobyabwenge n’inzoga.
Raporo y’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima (OMS) yo mu 2018, yagaragaje ko u Rwanda ruza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu Karere, mu kugira abantu banywa inzoga nyinshi.
Nibura ngo abantu bafite hejuru y’imyaka 15 mu Rwanda, umuntu umwe ku mwaka anywa litilo 9 za alukoro itavangiye.
Imibare ya OMS kandi igaragaza ko nibura buri mwaka, abantu miliyoni eshatu ku Isi, bapfa biturutse ku mpamvu zatewe n’inzoga, bangana na 5.3% by’impfu zose zibaho ku mwaka.
Mu rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 29, OMS ivuga ko 13.5 % by’impfu z’abari muri icyo kigero, ziterwa no kunywa inzoga.
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