Ni ibintu bigomba gukurikiranwa kuva urukingo ruvuye ku ruganda kugeza ruhawe uwo rukingira, icyakora buri mwaka hangirika inkingo ziri hagati ya 25%-30%.

Gusa hari n’ubundi bwoko bushya bw’inkingo butandukanye n’ubwari busanzwe bukoreshwa buzwi nka ‘Messenger Ribonucleic Acid’ (mRNA). Ubu buryo bwo gukora inkingo ni bushya kuko bwatangiranye no gukora inkingo z’icyorezo cya COVID-19, gusa kugeza ubu hari no gukorwa ubushakashatsi kugira ngo izindi ndwara zirimo na Malaria zikorerwe inkingo zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mRNA.

Mu gihe izari zisanzwe zikoreshwa zigomba kuba zibitse ku bushyuhe buri ku gipimo kiri hagati ya 2°C na 8°C, izo mu bwoko bwa mRNA, zo zisaba kubikwa ahantu nibura hari ubukonje bwa -60°C kugira ngo zitangirika.

Ushobora kwibaza aho izi nkingo za mRNA zitandukaniye n’izindi. Mu busanzwe inkingo zari ziriho mbere ya COVID-19, mu kuzikora hafatwaga agace gato ka bagiteri cyangwa virusi zagenewe kurinda, kagashyirwa mu rukingo. Bivuze ko urukingo rw’imbasa, ruba rwifitemo igice gito cya virusi itera imbasa. Iki gice gito cya virusi kigomba kuba gifite intege nke cyangwa cyarapfuye ku buryo nta kibazo gishobora guteza mu mubiri.

Urukingo rurimo iki gice gito cya virusi iyo rutewe umuntu, rukangura abasirikare b’umubiri bashinzwe kurinda iyo virusi, ku buryo iyo virusi ya nyayo yinjiye mu mubiri babasha kuyirwanya.

Izi nkingo zisanzwe zikoreshwa n’inshya za mRNA, zihuriye ku kuba zose zirinda indwara. Gusa zikoresha uburyo butandukanye muri aka kazi ko kurinda indwara.

Ubu bwoko bushya bw’inkingo, buba bugizwe n’iki gice cyitwa mRNA, gisimbura cya gice gito cya virusi cyangwa bagiteri cyari gisanzwe gishyirwa mu nkingo.

Buri virusi iba igizwe na protein ari na zo ziyifasha kwinjira mu tunyangingo tw’umubiri kugira ngo ziteze indwara.

mRNA iba mu nkingo za COVID-19, na yo iba igizwe na protein zisa n’iziri kuri Coronavirus ari na yo itera COVID-19.

Bivuze ko abashakashatsi nibabasha gukora inkingo z’igituntu hifashishijwe iri koranabuhanga, mRNA yazo izaba ifite protein zisa n’iziri kuri virusi y’igituntu. Muri make hashobora gukorwa mRNA zitandukanye bitewe n’indwara igiye guhashywa.

Iyo urukingo rurimo mRNA rutewe umuntu bitewe na ya protein irimo isa n’iya virusi, umubiri urema abasirikare bashobora guhangana n’ubwoko bwihariye bwa virusi ishobora kuzaza mu mubiri ifite protein isa n’iyo.

U Rwanda rufite ubushobozi buhagize bwo kubika izo nkingo zose mu buryo bwujuje ubuziranenge

Ubuyobozi bw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RBC), buvuga ko u Rwanda rudahagaze neza, icyakora muri gahunda yo gukingira kubera ko bafite ubushobozi bwo kubika inkingo neza, imibare y’izangirika igaragazwa n’inzego mpuzamahanga zita ku buzima, mu Rwanda ho nta zangirika.

Hashize igihe kinini u Rwanda rufite ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kubika inkingo mu buryo bwujuje ubuziranenge, ari nabyo byatumye ruza mu bihugu bya mbere byakoresheje inkingo za Covid-19 kuko zabikwaga ahantu hari ubukonje buri hagati ya -60°C na -90°C.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibijyanye n’inkingo mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RBC), Hassan Sibomana, avuga ko mu mibare itangazwa y’inkingo zangirika nta zo mu Rwanda zirimo.

Ati “U Rwanda ntabwo rurimo, twebwe ntabwo tujya dupfusha inkingo kubera ikibazo cyo kuzibika. Inkingo zipfa ubusa tuzishyira mu byiciro bibiri, hari izishobora kuba zipfa ubusa kubera agapaki kafunguwe inkingo zirimo ntizikoreshwe zose, kubera ko wenda karimo uducupa 20 kandi ugomba gukingira abana 20 bakaba batabonetse.”

Arongera ati “Hari izigomba kwangirika ziba zemewe ariko twe nta nubwo tuzigezaho. Izo ntabwo ushobora kuzirinda zibaho, ariko kuvuga ngo twatakaje agacupa gafunze twe ntabwo bibaho, urwo rwego twararurenze.”

Uyu muyobozi avuga ko bafite ububiko buhagije kuva aho inkingo zibikwa, kugezwa ku bitaro no ku bigo nderabuzima.

Ati “Dufite ubushobozi bwo kuba twabika inkingo zakora imyaka ishobora kuba yarenga ibiri. Urumva ubwo bubiko ukuntu bungana? Ubundi tuzibika mu byumba bikonjesha, kandi dufite ibigera kuri 13 ubungubu kandi kimwe kiba gifite m³40. Ku bushobozi muri aka Karere turimo, turi bantu bafite uburyo bwo kubika inkingo bwizewe.”

Ntabwo uburyo bwo kubika inkingo bugarukira gusa aho zibikwa ku rwego rw’igihugu, kuko no mu kuzitwara aho zigomba gutangirwa n’igihe zigejejweyo byose bikorwa mu buryo bwizewe.
Sibomana ati “Iyo inkingo ziva iwacu kugira ngo zijye mu bitaro, dufite amakamyo akonjesha zigendamo. Iyo zigeze ku bitaro tugirayo amafirigo azibika, mu gihe tuvuga ngo dufite ubushobozi bwo kubika izakoreshwa mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri, mu bitaro bashobora kubika izishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe kirenze amezi ane kuri buri bitaro dufite mu gihugu, zagera mu bigo nderabuzima nabo bakaba bafite ubushobozi bwo kubika izakoreshwa mu mezi abiri.”

Ikintu kijyanye no kwita ku nkingo ubuyobozi bwa RBC buvuga ko bwateye imbere cyane kurenza uko umuntu ashobora kuba yabitekereza, kuko bari ku rwego rwiza kandi mpuzamahanga.

Kaminuza ya Birmingham yo mu Bwongereza yatangaje ko inkingo zirenga ibihumbi 30 ziri kugeragerezwaho ikoranabuhanga rishya, rizafasha kumenya ibituma zangirika, uko zangirika n’aho zangirikira haba mu bubiko cyangwa zitwawe aho zizakoresherezwa.

Ni ikoranabuhanga ririmo kugeragerezwa mu Kigo Nyafurika gishinzwe guteza imbere ikonjesha n’uruherekane rwaryo, (Africa Center of Exellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain/ACES).

Umukozi uhagarariye ishami rishinzwe ubuzima bukomatanyije muri ACES, Jean Pierre Musabyimana, avuga ko barimo kwiga uburyo bushya bwo kuba bakoresha utudege tutagira abapilote (Drones) nk’uburyo bushya bwo gutwara inkingo.

Ati “Kuba hasigaye haza inkingo zikenera ubukonje burenze buri munsi cyane ya 0, turavuga ngo ni ubuhe buryo bundi bushobora gukoreshwa, aho twagira ububiko ariko nanone tukagira utwo tudege, twohereza izo nkingo izo nkingo umunsi zikenewe bitabaye ko habaho ububiko bunini bwazo mu bigo nderabuzima. Ni wo mushinga turimo gukora, biracyari ubushakashatsi, nitumara kugira ibisubizo bihamye dushobora kuzakorana n’inzego zibishinzwe ku buryo ishobora kuzaba gahunda yifashishwa bitari hano mu Rwanda gusa.”

Tariki 18 Ukuboza mu 2023, nibwo Perezida Paul Kagame, yitabiriye umuhango wo gutaha igice cya mbere kizaba kigize uruganda rwa BioNtech mu Rwanda cyari kimaze kuzura, aho byari biteganyijwe ko muri uyu mwaka (2025) aribwo hashyirwa ku isoko inkingo zarukorewemo, rukazaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora doze miliyoni 50 z’inkingo ku mwaka.