Igicuri ni indwara y’imitsi irangwa no gutuma ubwonko budakora uko bikwiye, ibyo bigakurikirwa no kwikubita hasi bitunguranye kandi bigakunda kubaho kenshi.

Mu gihe umuntu yikubise hasi, bikurikirwa no gutitira amaguru cyangwa se umubiri wose. Gusa uko kwikubita hasi k’umuntu urwaye igicuri ntibimara igihe kinini kuko nyuma y’iminota runaka arahaguruka agakomeza ubuzima bisanzwe.

Uko kugwa bitunguranye k’umuntu urwaye igicuri, biterwa n’imikorere idasanzwe y’urwunge rw’udutsi two mu mutwe, bigatuma habaho icyo bagereranya n’amashanyarazi anyura hagati y’imitsi ikora ku bwonko. Umurwayi wafashwe n’igicuri, akenshi ntamenya ko kigiye kumufata, ariko hari abarwayi bamwe bumva ko hatangiye kubaho impinduka, bakajya ahantu heza hakiri kare.

Ku nshuro ya mbere mu Rwanda no mu Karere, kuri uyu wa Mbere tariki 9 Gashyantare, nibwo muri CHUK hatangijwe ubuvuzi bwo kubaga indwara y’Igicuri mu gikorwa cyahujwe n’icyumweru cy’Amahugurwa ku Kubaga Indwara y’Igicuri (Epilepsy Surgery Training Camp).

Ni igikorwa cyitabiriwe n’abaganga b’inzobere mpuzamahanga mu kubaga ubwonko (Neurosurgeons), mu ndwara z’ubwonko (Neurologists) n’abatera ikinya (Anesthesiologists) baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Biteganyijwe ko mu gihe cy’icyumweru hazabagwa abarwayi 8 bafite uburwayi bukomeye bw’indwara y’Igicuri, bananiwe kuvurwa n’imiti isanzwe (drug-resistant epilepsy).

Uwa mbere wahereweho abagwa ni umugore w’imyaka 39 wo mu Karere ka Rwamagana, umaranye iyo ndwara imyaka irenga 15, ku buryo uburwayi bwe bwari bumaze gukomera, aho yari ageze ku rwego rwo gufata ubwoko butatu butandukanye bw’imiti, kandi kikamukubita hasi nibura inshuro ebyiri mu cyumweru.

Alvera Mukarugwiza ni umuvandimwe akaba n’umurwaza w’umurwayi wabazwe indwara y’Igicuri. Avuga ko umuvandimwe we amaze igihe kinini yarazahajwe n’iyo ndwara kuko yamufashe yiga mu mwaka wa Gatandatu w’amashuri abanza bigatuma adakomeza amashuri.

Ati “Uburwayi bwamuzahazaga. Yafatwaga abyumva, akihuta akajya mu nzu, natwe tukihuta tukamufata umutwe, amaguru, kugira ngo adakubita amaguru hasi agakomereka. Tugakomeza tukamufata, ubwo igihe Imana ishakiye kumugarurira ubuzima akongera akagaruka, tukabona asubiye mu mubiri.”

Uretse kuba mu gihe uwo murwayi amaranye indwara y’Igicuri byaramugizeho ingaruka ku buzima, zirimo kubura amaraso ahagije, ariko no kumuhora hafi byagize ingaruka ku muryango we, bituma nta kindi bashobora kwikorera gituma biteza imbere, kandi ubuvuzi bwe bukabasaba amafaranga menshi.

Mukarugwiza arongera ati “Kuba uyu munsi arimo kuvurirwa ubuntu, ni ukuri turabishima, kuko bavugaga kujya hanze tukabura amikoro. Ubwo rero kuba bigenze bityo, ni ukuri turishimye, turanezerewe. Dushimiye Imana, Igihugu, n’ababigizemo uruhare bose kugira ngo ahagere.”

Dr Sylvie Inyange Musoni ni umwe mu baganga bari mu gikorwa cyo kubaga umurwayi wa mbere w’igicuri mu Rwanda. Avuga ko nyuma y’iki cyumweru na bo (Abanyarwanda) bazaba bafite ubushobozi bwo kubaga indwara nyinshi.

Ati “Uyu duhereyeho, ibirimo kumukorerwa ni ugukuraho agace gato k’ubwonko burwaye ku ruhande rw’ibumoso. Amashusho ya MRI yagaragaje ko ari ho icyo gicuri kirimo gukomoka. Mu gukuraho ako gace k’ubwonko, ari ko icyo gicuri gikomokamo, bizamufasha kugabanya imiti yari ariho, bikaba byanakunda ko yahagarika imiti y’igicuri yari amazeho imyaka irenga 10 afata. Amaze imyaka irenga 15 arwaye Igicuri, yitura hasi. Hano turimo gukoresha uburyo bwo kubaga dufunguye hagakurwaho ako gace.”

Inzobere akaba n’umuyobozi w’agashami gashinzwe kuvura urwungano rw’imyakura, harimo ubwonko n’uruti rw’umugongo, muri CHUK, Dr. Severien Muneza, avuga ko muri iki cyumweru abaganga bazigishwa ibyerekeranye n’ubuvuzi bushya butangijwe mu Rwanda, hanarebwa uko bwatera imbere mu gihugu.

Ati “Abantu benshi ntabwo batekereza ko Igicuri gishobora gukenera kubagwa, ariko hari abarwayi bashobora gukenera kubagwa, kubera ko akenshi imiti baba bariho iba yarananiranye. Duhera ku muti wa mbere byakwanga ukaba washyiraho uwa kabiri cyangwa uwa gatatu, byakwanga umurwayi hakaba harebwa niba yavurwa mu buryo bwo kubagwa.”

Abantu biteganyijwe ko bazabagwa muri iki cyumweru, bahuriye ku kuba bafite igicuri bamaranye igihe kirekire kandi baragerageje imiti itandukanye irenze umwe, ariko bagakomeza kwibasirwa n’igicuri.

Igicuri kirimo ibice bitatu, birimo icyo umuntu avukana cyangwa kimufata nyuma y’uko agize impanuka agakomereka ku igufa ry’umutwe, cyangwa nyuma yo guturika imitsi yo mu mutwe, cyangwa se kurwara ikibyimba ku mutwe. Ibyo ni byo byitwa “épilepsies secondaires ou symptomatiques” mu gifaransa.

Hari igicuri gifata umuntu kubera uko umubiri we umeze gusa, atari ukuvuga ko cyatewe n’indi ndwara. Ibyo byitwa “épilepsies idiopathiques” mu gifaransa.

Hari n’igicuri giterwa n’impamvu zitazwi, gusa abaganga bagakeka ko habayeho gukomereka kw’imitsi runaka (lesions), ariko badashobora gusobanura uko biba byagenze. Ibyo ni byo byitwa “épilepsies cryptogéniques”.

Igicuri gishobora gufata abantu bari mu byiciro byose by’imyaka, ariko akenshi cyibasira abana bato, ingimbi n’abangavu ndetse kikanibasira abantu bakuze cyane.

Indwara y’igicuri irangwa n’iki?

Ikimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara cy’indwara y’igicuri ni ukwikubita hasi bitunguranye, bigakurikirwa no gutakaza ubwenge bitunguranye.

Nyuma yo kwikubita hasi, umurwayi aba asa n’utakiri ku isi, adashobora kumva ibimuri iruhande mu gihe cy’amasegonda runaka (icyo kimenyetso gikunda kugaragara cyane cyane ku bana bato).

Umurwayi w’Igicuri kandi arangwa no gukora ibintu bidasanzwe (guhekenya amenyo, kuzunguza umutwe n’amaso).

Hari ibice by’umubiri we biba bisa n’ibyafashwe n’imbwa. Ntaba ashobora kumva cyangwa ngo arebe neza. Ibyo bikurikirwa no gutitira umubiri wose.

Ku Isi habarirwa abantu barenga miliyoni 90 barwaye igicuri barimo abashya barenga miliyoni 11.