Ni indwara ishobora kugenda mu ruhererekane rwo mu muryango cyangwa igaterwa no guhindura imibereho, imirire n’ibindi.

Ibamo ubwoko bubiri aho ubwa mbere cyangwa se Diabète Type I ikunze gufata abakiri mu bugimbi n’ubwangavu. Iyi ibaho igihe inyama yitwa impindura ikora umusemburo (insuline) ugabanya cyangwa ukongera isukari mu mubiri, yangirika ntibashe gukora uko bikwiye.

Ubwoko bwa kabiri bw’iyi ndwara cyangwa se Diabète Type II, ari na yo ikunze kugaragara ku bantu benshi, aho mu gice umusemburo wa insuline ugabanyirizamo isukari yinjiye mu mubiri habaye ubwirinzi bigatuma ikomeza kwiyongera mu mubiri.

Uko iminsi ishira indi igataha uturemangingo dukora uwo musemburo, tugera aho tukananirwa, ukaba muke bigatuma isukari yiyongera mu mubiri.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko iyi ndwara ni imwe mu zishobora kwirindwa binyuze mbere na mbere mu kwisuzumisha hakiri kare, kuko abenshi bajya kuyivuza yarabarenze batazi ko bayirwaye.

Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyita ku Buzima mu Rwanda (RBC), kivuga ko nibura ahantu hateraniye Abanyarwanda 30 umwe muri bo aba arwaye indwara ya Diabète, ndetse ngo umuntu umwe muri babiri bayirwaye ntaba azi ko ayirwaye.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye Kigali Today yagiranye na bamwe mu barwayi ba Diyabete, batifuje ko amazina yabo agaragazwa, bayitangarije ko kuba ari indwara idakira hari byinshi isaba mu rwego rwo kwiyitaho, kugira ngo umurwayi akomeze kurushaho kugira ubuzima bwiza, nubwo bose atari ko boroherwa no kubibona, kandi iyo bidakozwe neza bizahaza uyirwaye.

Umwe muri bo umaze imyaka icyenda arwaye iyo mu bwoko bwa mbere (Type I), akaba atuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, akaba ku munsi yitera umuti inshuro eshatu, yatubwiye ko kimwe mu bibazo by’ingutu bahura nabyo harimo kubona ibibafasha kwiyitaho, yaba imiti cyangwa amafunguro kuko iyo ufashe imiti bigusaba kurya kandi neza.

Ati “Kuvura Diyabete cyangwa kuyitaho birahenze, kuko biba bisaba ko uba wabonye uwo muti, ariko nawe hakagira urundi ruhande ruba rukureba rugendanye n’imirire, kuko iyo yabaye nyinshi ufata umuti ugakenera icyo kurya, n’iyo yabaye nkeya ukenera ikintu kizamura isukari, bikanasaba ko buri kwezi ujya kwa muganga kugira ngo ufate imiti mishya.”

Arongera ati “Kuba buri kwezi ukenera kugira amafaranga usohora kugira ngo ubone umuti iba ari imbogamizi ikomeye, kuko ushobora kuba ukwezi kutagenze neza utabonye ayo mafaranga ariko n’ubundi ukeneye kubona wa muti. Diyabete nta mikoro ufite ntabwo byakunda, bisaba habe hari amikoro agufasha kubasha kubona imirire, ku buryo ubukene mu bantu bafite Diyabete ari imbogamizi ikomeye cyane.”

Uyu avuga ko buri kwezi bimusaba nibura amafaranga ari hagati y’ibihumbi 200-250 yo kwiyitaho hamwe no kugura imiti.

Umwe mu bakecuru batuye mu Karere ka Nyagatare, umaranye iyi ndwara yo mu bwoko bwa Type II imyaka irenga 20, we ageze ku rwego rwo kwitera imiti gatanu ku munsi, avuga ko ari uburwayi bumusaba kubaho mu buzima bugoye kuko bumuhenda kandi nta mikoro ahagije afite.

Ati “Imbuto bashaka kugira ngo uzirye, za mbuto z’ikivuguto, nta n’izo tubona, ibyo kurya biba bihenze, uba ushaka kurya buri kanya, hari n’igihe unabibura, yewe ntabwo nakubwira.”

Yungamo ati “Ingaruka z’ibyo byose ugira isereri, ubundi batubwira ko kuba umuntu agiye kwitera imiti agomba kuba yabanje kurya no kunywa, ibyo byose bikabura. Iyo uhuye n’imbogamizi wabibuze niko wicara hasi kubera isereri ugafata ibyo ubonye ukabikanjakanja, ariko byose bikakunanira ugakomeza kwihangana ukituriza.”

Kunanirwa kwiyitaho nk’uko bikwiye byatumye uyu mukecuru akurizamo ingaruka zo kurwariramo izindi ndwara zirimo umutima, umuvuduko, impyiko n’izindi zirimo no guhuma amaso.

Undi mubyeyi wafashwe n’iyi ndwara yo mu bwoko bwa Type I akirangiza amashuri abanza, akaba ayimaranye imyaka irenga 13, yatubwiye ko batoroherwa no kubana imiti, kuko abafashwa kuyibona hari imyaka batagomba kurenza.

Yagize ati “Kuri ‘Association’ hari imyaka bagomba gufasha, iyo igeze uvamo ukimenya ugatangira kujya ku bigo nderabuzima, ni ikintu kigoye, kuko kubona umuti ni ibintu bigoye, kubera ko agacupa kagura 8,500 kandi usabwa uducupa tubiri kandi uba uteganya ko gashobora kumeneka. Hari n’igihe tutarangiza ukwezi ugasanga uguze akandi, ugashyiraho inshinge ku buryo bishobora kuntwara ibihumbi 40 ku kwezi.”

Arakomeza ati “Badufasha kujya tubona imiti kuko irahenze kandi biranagoye kuyibona, kuko hari nk’igihe bashuti banjye bampamagara bakambwira ko bayibuze tukagabana ku yanjye ubundi ubuzima bugakomeza.”

Uyu na we avuga ko nibura kwiyitaho bimutwara Amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi 300 buri kwezi, kuko imiti n’ibijyana na yo bimuhagarara nibura hagati y’ibihumbi 40-45.

Uretse kwangiza amaso, Diabète nk’indwara ikunda kwibasira imitsi, yangiza ingingo hafi ya zose igeramo ariko by’umwihariko impyiko, imitsi, kumunga abasikare b’umubiri, ugatakaza ubwirinzi. Ni indwara ishobora gutuma umuntu bamuca urugingo bitewe n’uko imiti yarwo yarwangije.

Umurwayi wa Diabète asabwa kwivuza kare kandi agakurikiza inama ahabwa na muganga mu kwirinda ko izamuzahaza. Urugero nk’iyo yishe impyiko ni hahandi usanga umuntu akeneye guhora azogesha.

Muri izo nama harimo kugabanya ibiribwa birimo ibinure, gukora siporo, kwivuza hakiri kare, gutunga ubwishingizi mu kwivuza kugira ngo ubuvuzi bworohe.

RBC igaragaza ko kwirinda ibitera indwara ya diyabete ari yo ntambwe igabanya ibyago byo kuyirwara, kuko kuyirinda bitanga amahirwe ari hejuru ya 50% kugera kuri 75% yo kutarwara iyi ndwara idakira. Ni mu gihe kandi iyi ndwara ikomeje kwiyongera hirya no hino ku Isi, by’umwihariko ikaba iri kuri 3% mu Rwanda.

Gutangira kwiga uburyo bwo kubaho neza byafasha mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyo ndwara, hamwe no kugabanya ingaruka zijyana nayo ku bantu bamaze kuyirwara.

Binyuze mu kurya indyo iboneye, bifasha kugabanya isukari, bikanafasha mu kugira ibiro biringaniye, bityo bigafasha umuntu kwirinda.

Hari kandi kugabanya urugero rw’amavuta mu mafunguro umuntu afata, abantu bagahindura uburyo bwo guteka, bakarya ibitogosheje mu mazi cyangwa se bitekesheje umwuka, kuruta gukunda gufata amafunguro atetswe mu mavuta.

Kwirinda amasukari yaba isukari yo muri za ‘gâteaux’, za bombo cyangwa se za biswi. Hamwe no kwirinda kurya umunyu mwinshi, ahubwo hakaba hakoreshwa ibindi birungo by’ibyatsi, indimu n’ibindi biryoshya amafunguro.

Hari kandi kugabanya urugero rw’inzoga umuntu anywa, akanywa inzoga nkeya, hamwe no kwitoza kugira gahunda mu byerekeye amasaha yo gufata amafunguro, umuntu akirinda gusimbuka ifunguro na rimwe, kandi akarya ku masaha adahindagurika cyane kugira ngo yirinde kuryagagura.

Gukora siporo ku buryo buhoraho, kuko imibereho y’abantu muri iki gihe cy’iterambere, idatuma abantu bakoresha imbaraga z’umubiri cyane, bigatuma bamara igihe kinini bicaye cyangwa se baryamye, ku buryo isukari igira igihe cyo kwibika cyane mu maraso, siporo ikaba ifasha kuyigabanya mu maraso, no gufusha ‘insuline’ gukora neza akazi kayo ko kuringaniza isukari yo mu maraso.

Gukora siporo, umuntu ahitamo iyo akunda kandi byiba byiza akaba ashobora kubona abo akorana nabo, kugira ngo bamutere umwete, harimo kugenda n’amaguru, gukoresha za ‘escaliers’, kugendagenda igihe umuntu amaze gufata ifunguro, kugira ngo adahita aryicarana cyangwa se ngo aryame akimara kurya.

Ikindi ni ukwirinda umujagararo w’ubwonko (stress), kuko ari kimwe mu bintu bikomeye bitera indwara ya diyabete.

Inzobere mu buzima zivuga ko diyabete ari indwara umuntu ashobora kubana nayo ntagire ikibazo, mu gihe yiyitayeho uko bikwiriye ndetse agafata imiti neza.

Imibare y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abimbubye ryita ku buzima (OMS) igaragaza ko ku Isi diyabete yica abantu bagera kuri Miliyoni 1.5 buri mwaka, mu gihe imibare ya RBC igaragaza ko iyi ndwara n’iz’iyishamikiyeho mu Rwanda yica abagera 2,000 buri mwaka mu Rwanda.

OMS ivuga ko imibare y’abarwaye diyabete izikuba kabiri mu myaka 20 iri imbere, niba elta z’ibihugu zidashyize imbaraga mu kurwanya iyi ndwara.