Personnalité igaragarira mu miterere y’umubiri cyangwa se uko yavutse (facteurs génétiques ou biologiques) hakabaho nanone imyitwarire umuntu akomora muri sosiyete abamo kenshi.

A. Troubles de la personnalité/personality disorders ni iki?

Ni indwara zifata imitekerereze, hanyuma bikagaragarira mu myitwarire, aho umuntu agira imyitwarire idasanzwe cyangwa se idahuye n’amahame ya sosiyete, abo babanye bakabibona nk’ihungabana, umuntu udasobanutse, utazi kubana cyangwa se umuntu bigoye kubana na we, n’ibindi bitandukanye.

B. Ni izihe ndwara zifata Personnalité n’ibimenyetso byazo?

1. La personnalité paranoïaque (paranoid personality)

Uyu afata ibikorwa by’abandi nk’ibimurwanya cyangwa ibimuheza, nta n’umwe yizera, agira gushotorana bidafite impamvu, kubabarira biba biri kure, ashobora kugaragara nk’umunyeshyari.

Uyu kandi arangwa no:

• Gupinga,
• Kudaha agaciro abandi cyangwa kunenga bihoraho bagenzi be, agahora atemera ibyo abandi bakoze kabone n’iyo byaba ari byiza akabishakamo ikibi kandi kidahari.

• Uyu kandi ntajya yumva ko hari ikosa yakoze.

2. La personnalité schizoïde (schizoid personality disorder)

Uyu arangwa n’ibimenyetso birimo:

• Kwitarura ibimuhuza n’abandi mu buryo bwose, kuri we ikimubera cyiza kikaba ari ukuba wenyine cyangwa se kwigunga cyane

• Kutagaragaza amarangamutima (emotions), ndetse no kumenya ibye biba bigoye.

• Ahora mu bihe bimeze nko kurota, nta gikorwa akora ngo akigereho muri byinshi aba atekereza.

3. La personnalité schizotypique (Schizotypal personality disorder)

Uyu arangwa no kugirana ibibazo bihoraho n’abo babana, agaragaza ubwoba cyangwa inkeke mu mibanire n’abandi, akarangwa kandi no guha ibisobanuro bitari byo igikorwa runaka.

Urugero: Ushobora kumusuhuza we akumva ko kuba umusuhuje hari undi mugambi wari ufite, wenda akaba yatekereza ko ushaka kumugirira nabi, kandi nyamara uko kumusuhuza ari ibintu bisanzwe. Uyu kandi hari ubwo azakwereka ko afite ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibihe bizaza cyangwa se kureba mu bitekerezo by’abantu, kugira intumbero (focus) ku kintu runaka biba bigoye kuri we, kandi akagira inshuti nkeya.

4. Personnalité antisociale

Uyu arangwa no kutubaha abandi ndetse no guhutaza uburenganzira bwabo.

5. Personnalité limite (borderline)

Urwaye iyi ndwara arangwa no kutagira umubano uhamye n’abandi ugasanga uhindagurika, ndetse no kwiyoberanya.

6. Personnalité narcissique

Uyu agira imiterere ituma yumva yahora ashimagizwa, akumva ko arenze abandi (sentiment de superiorité ntabe yabasha kumva abandi cyangwa ngo yishyire mu mwanya wabo).

7. Personnalité évitante

Kumva nta gaciro afite mu muryango, akumva ko adakenewe ndetse akababazwa birenze urugero no kugawa.

8. Personnalité dépendante

Uyu arangwa no kwicisha bugufi birenze ibikewe, no kumva yakwitabwaho cyane n’abandi.

9. Personnalité obsessionnelle-compulsive

Kwita cyane ku bintu bijyanye n’ikinyabupfura (la discipline), gushaka ko ibintu bikorwa mu buryo bunoze birenze ibikenewe (perfectionnisme) no kugenzura cyane ibyo abandi bakoze.

C. Ni iki gitera izi ndwara z’imitekerereze?

• Inzobere zivuga ko, ibihe umuntu anyuramo akiri umwana bigenga cyane imyitwarire y’ahazaza. Aha muri make bakaba basobanura ko izi ndwara zifite isoko mu bwana bw’umuntu.

• Abandi bavuga ko izi ndwara zituruka mu miterere ya muntu, ibyo umuntu akomora ku muryango we cyangwa ababyeyi be.

• Abandi na bo bavuga ko sosiyete umuntu abayemo (environnement) na yo yaba isoko y’izi ndwara ku muntu usanzwe yaravutse afite icyo kibazo.

D. Ese ziravurwa?

Hari uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuvura izi ndwara, bujyanye no kuganirizwa, yaba umuntu ku giti cye, itsinda ry’abantu cyangwa umuryango (Psychotherapie) cyangwa se byaba ngombwa hagakoreshwa imiti igenwa n’inzobere (psychiatres).

Byakusanyijwe hifashishijwe imbuga nka: psychologie-ge.ch, umutihealth.com