OMS ivuga ko diyabete ari indwara yica bucece, kandi nyamara hari uburyo bwo kuyirinda uhereye ku bibazo 10 by’ingenzi abantu bakunze kwibaza kuri iyi ndwara.

1. Hari ubwoko bungahe bwa Diyabete?

Hari ubwoko butatu bwa diyabete: Ubwoko bwa 1, Ubwoko bwa 2 na diyabete ifata ababyeyi (Gestational diabetes).

Diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 1 iterwa n’ikibazo cy’urwagashya rutabasha gukora umusemburo wa insulin cyangwa rugakora nke. Icyo gihe uyirwaye asabwa guhora yitera insulin akoresheje urushinge, ikaba ari indwara ikunze kwibasira abakiri bato kuko hari n’abayikomora mu miryango.

Diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 2, yo ahanini iterwa n’uko umuntu abayeho, ibyo arya n’ibyo anywa kandi ikarangwa no kugenda izamuka uko umuntu agenda akura. Ni yo ikunze kwibasira abantu cyane kandi ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu guhindura imibereho.

Diyabete ifata ababyeyi ifata umuntu mu gihe umubyeyi atwite kubera impinduka ziza mu bivumbikisho by’umubiri (hormones) kandi ikaba yakongerera umubyeyi ibyago byo kwandura diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 2.

Kumenya ubwoko bwa diyabete umuntu afite ni ingenzi cyane kuko buri bwoko bwitabwaho mu buryo butandukanye.

2. Ni iki gitera Diyabete?

Imibereho n’umuryango ni byo bintu by’ingenzi. Ibyo umuntu abana nabyo bimukikije n’ibyo akomora ku babyeyi ni byo ahanini bituma habaho icyo bita ukwirwanya k’umubiri (autoimmune). Ni ibintu bibaho igihe umubiri utakibashije gutandukanya uturemangingo tw’umwimerere n’uduturutse hanze, ugatangira kurwanya uturemangingo twawo bwite ari nabyo bitera diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 1.

Ariko kandi mu Bwoko bwa 2 ho haziramo uruhurirane rw’amahitamo y’uburyo umuntu abaho urugero nk’imirire n’imyitozo ngororamubiri n’ibyo akomora ku babyeyi. Amateka y’umuryango yongera ibyago, ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko umuntu atabyirinda. Aha igitera ku tiheba ni uko, ku Bwoko bwa 2, guhitamo kubaho neza, urugero nko kugenzura imirire no gukora imyitozo y’umubiri, bishobora kurinda umuntu.

3. Wamenya ute ko ufite Diyabete?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso birimo kugira inyota bya hato na hayo, kwihagarika buri kanya, umunaniro udashira, kureba ibicyezicyezi cyangwa gutakaza ibiro mu buryo butunguranye, ihutire kujya kwa muganga kuko iyo diyabete ifatiranywe hakiri kare ntabwo izahaza umuntu.

4. Ese Diyabete ishobora gukira?

Nubwo kugeza ubu nta muti wa diyabete uraboneka, uyirwaye ashobora kubana nayo itamuzahaje, upfa kuba ufite ibyangombwa bigufasha guhora ugenzura igipimo cy’isukari iri mu maraso no guhindura imirire. Abashakashatsi bakomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kureba ko haboneka umuti, by’umwihariko uwa diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 1 ariko kuri ubu icyibanzweho cyane ni ukureba uko umuntu yabana n’ubwo burwayi atazahaye.

5. Nagenzura nte isukari yo maraso yanjye?

Guhozaho no kuringaniza ni byo rufunguzo rwo kugenzura isukari yo mu maraso. Ibya mbere by’ibanze umuntu asabwa ni ugukoresha umubiri, gufata indyo iboneye kandi yuzuye, no guhora ugenzura ibipimo byawe. Ushobora no kugabanya ibinyobwa biryohereye cyangwa ugasimbuza umugati w’ifarini uw’ingano. Gukomeza kugenzura ibipimo byawe bishobora kugufasha kubona ko ibyo wahinduye mu buzima bigenda bitanga umusaruro.

6. Ni irihe funguro nafata igihe mfite diyabete?

Ibanga riri mu biribwa bidatuma isukari yo mu maraso izamuka. Ugomba kwibanda ku mboga, ibinyampeke bitaciye mu ruganda, n’ibyubaka umubiri birimo isukari nke. Gufata indyo iboneye irimo ibyubaka umubiri, ibitera imbaraga n’ibiwurinda indwara ni ingenzi cyane. Gufata ifunguro rito kenshi ku munsi nabyo bishobora gufasha mu kuringaniza isukari yo mu maraso. Gusa ukibuka ko buri muntu ateye ukwe, bityo rero guhitamo ibikubereye ni ingenzi cyane, ariko na none igihe wumva utiyizeye; inama ya mbere ni ukureba impuguke mu mirire ikakugira inama.

7. Ese umuntu ufite diyabete yakora siporo?

Cyane rwose nta gushidikanya. Siporo ifasha umubiri gukoresha neza umusemburo wa insulin kandi ikaringaniza ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso ari yo mpamvu siporo ari ikintu cy’ibanze mu byo ugomba gukora. Gutangira gahoro gahoro ni byo byiza waba unyonga igare, woga cyangwa ugenda n’amaguru. By’umwihariko niba uri ku nshinge za insulin, ni byiza kureba ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso mbere na nyuma yo gukora siporo kugira ngo umenye niba utekanye.

8. Ni izihe ngaruka diyabete igira ku buzima bwo mu mutwe?

Guhangayika cyangwa gucika intege ni rusange kandi kubana na diyabete bishobora kubuza umuntu amahwemo. Guhitamo uburyo bwo kubaho bukubereye no kuganira n’abantu mu matsinda, yaba ari ayo gushyigikirana, inshuti zisanzwe cyangwa n’abantu bo mu muryango bishobora gufasha cyane.

9. Ni ibihe bibazo nyamukuru biterwa na diyabete?

Diyabete ishobora gutera indwara y’umutima, impyiko, kwangirika k’udutsi duto no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona neza igihe idafatiranywe. Kwisuzumisha kenshi no kugenzura ibipimo by’isukari yo mu maraso bishobora gukumira ibyo bibazo. Byose bisaba guhora uri maso. Kwisuzumisha impyiko, umutima n’amaso bigufasha kumenya niba ufite ibyo bibazo bityo ukabasha kubicunga mu buryo bworoshye.

10. Ese diyabete y’Ubwoko bwa 2 yakwirindwa?

Yego, kandi mu buryo butandukanye. Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuyirwara ufata indyo iboneye, ukora siporo kenshi kandi ukirinda kugira ibiro birenze urugero. Byose biterwa n’ibyemezo bito bito ugenda ufata buri munsi, urugero nko kureka ibinyobwa birimo isukari ukinywera amazi, cyangwa kuzamuka n’amaguru mu nyubako y’umuturirwa aho gukoresha elevator/ascenseur.

Kubasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gufata imyanzuro mbere y’uko diyabete itangira gukura, ni byo bituma umuco wo kwisuzumisha kenshi ari ingenzi cyane. Kugenzura diyabete bisaba guhozaho. Gufata ibyemezo bigufasha kugenda urushaho kubaho neza ni byo by’ingirakamaro kurusha kwivuza.

Ku bw’ibyo rero, tuzirikane ko intambwe yose ari ingirakamaro kandi ko utagomba kwihererana diyabete wenyine kuri uyu Munsi wa Diyabete ku Isi.