Jean Kambanda

Hari abataramenye uko byagenze kugira ngo Kambanda we ubwe yiyemerere ibyaha yashinjwaga. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe icyo gihe ni bwo bwitwa tekiniki y’iciririkanya ku gihano (Plea Bargaining) ikoreshwa n’ubushinjacyaha. Kigali Today yabivuye imuzi muri iyi nkuru. Iyi nkuru kandi iragaruka ku itabwa muri yombi rya Jean Kambanda wafashwe akoherezwa imbere y’ubutabera mpuzamahanga.

Jean Kambanda yatawe muri yombi ate?

Ku bufatanye bw’inzego z’umutekano n’iz’ubutabera za Kenya zifatanyije n’ubugenzacyaha ndetse n’ubushinjacyaha bw’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) , mu rukerera rwa tariki ya 18 mu kwa karindwi mu 1997 nibwo hatangiye igikorwa cya Operation NAKI (Operation Nairobi-Kigali ) cyafatiwemo abari baragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bari bihishe mu gihugu cya Kenya.

Cyari igikorwa cyateguwe mu buryo bw’ibanga ku buryo hari amakuru amwe n’amwe banze gusangiza inzego z’umutekano kuko zashoboraga kuburira bamwe mu bashakishwaga n’ubushinjacyaha bw’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda .

Kutabwira aya amakuru inzego z’umutekano bakazibwira ku munsi wa nyuma wo guta muri yombi abo bantu ryari itegeko ryatanzwe na Madame Louise ARBOUR wari umushinjacyaha mukuru w’uru rukiko.

Mu gutangira Operation NAKI, mu gitondo cya tariki 18 z’ukwezi kwa karindwi habayeho akanama gato ku biro bikuru by’igipolisi muri Nairobi. Iyi nama yari igamije gutanga ishusho ku gikorwa ndetse no kugaragaza uko kiri bukorwe. Abari aho bagabanyijwemo amakipe ajyanye n’umubare w’abari bagiye gufatwa.

Ikipe yabaga igizwe na bamwe bo mu nzego z’umutekano za Kenya bagombaga gufata abakekwa. Mu ikipe kandi habaga harimo Umunyarwanda uzi neza ugiye gufatwa kugira ngo aze kwemeza ko ufashwe ari we. Abandi babaga bari muri iyo kipe bari abashinjacyaha n’abagenzacyaha b’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ICTR babaga bakurikirana icyo gikorwa .

Guhera icyo gihe tariki ya 18 mu kwa karindwi 1997 abakekwaga batangiye gutabwa muri yombi umwe ku wundi. Uwafatwaga yahitaga amenyeshwa uburenganzira bwe nk’uko amategeko abiteganya .

Ubu burenganzira burimo nko kuguma ucecetse kuko icyo uvuze cyose gishobora kuba ikimenyetso mu rubanza, kugira umwunganizi mu mategeko(avocat) ndetse n,ibindi.

Nyuma abari batawe muri yombi barimo Jean Kambanda wari Minisitiri w’Intebe muri Leta y’Abatabazi bahise burizwa imodoka z’inzego z’umutekano za Kenya bajyanwa aho bagombaga gutegerereza kugira ngo bahite boherezwa i Arusha muri Tanzania kuri ICTR.

Nyuma ya Operation NAKI, Kambanda yahise yoherezwa i Arusha muri Tanzania. Jean Kambanda yagaragaye mu rukiko bwa mbere tariki 16 mu kwa cumi mu 1997 gusa ntiyaruhije urukiko ahubwo yatanze ubuhamya bw’uburyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe n’uko yashyizwe mu bikorwa ndetse ubwe yiyemerera ibyaha byose yashinjwaga.

Urubanza rwa Jean Kambanda rwasomwe ku itariki ya 4 z’u kwezi kwa cyenda mu 1998 rwari ruyobowe n’umucamanza wari perezida w’inteko iburanisha ari we umunya Senegal LAITY KAMA aho yari kumwe n’abandi bacamanza babiri ari bo umunyasuwede LENNART ASPEGREN n’ umunyafurika y’epfo witwa NAVANETHEM PILLAY. Umwanditsi w’urukiko yari umunyanijeriya AGWU UKIWE OKIALI naho umushinjacyaha washinje Jean Kambanda muri uru rubanza yari umushinjacyaha mukuru wungirije wa ICTR umunyakameruni BERNARD MUNA.

Plea Barganing (iciririkanya ku gihano) : Tekiniki yakoreshejwe kugira ngo Kambanda yemere ibyaha

Ubundi mu mategeko hari ihame ryitwa Plea Bargaining ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni nk’iciririkanya ku gihano.

Iyi tekiniki ikoreshwa n’abashinjacyaha ikoreshwa iyo ukurikiranyweho icyaha ari imbere y’ubushinjacyaha , ubushinjacyaha bugikusanya ibimenyetso ku cyaha cyakozwe kugira ngo bujyane ikibazo (case) mu rukiko bufite ibimenyetso bifatika ku cyaha cyakozwe.

Aha umushinjacyaha akoresha amayeri yose kugira ngo abone ibimenyetso ku cyaha cyakozwe. Umushinjacyaha asaba ukekwaho icyaha kumubwiza ukuri ku cyaha cyakozwe na we akamwizeza kuzamusabira igihano gito imbere y’umucamanza.

Uretse gusabira igihano gito ukekwaho icyaha, umushinjacyaha ashobora no kumwizeza ibindi bintu birimo n’amafaranga kugira ngo akunde agere ku bimenyetso bimworohereza mu kazi.

N’ubwo ariko umushinjacyaha aba ashobora gusabira ukekwaho icyaha igihano gito mu rukiko kubera ko yagaragaje ubufatanye mu gihe cyo gukusanya ibimenyetso ntabwo umushinjacyaha aba ari we uba ufite ijambo rya nyuma ryo kugena igihano ku cyaha cyakozwe kuko na we aba ari uruhande ruri kuburana.

Umucamanza wenyine ni we uba ufite ijambo rya nyuma ryo kugena igihano ku cyaha cyakozwe yisunze ibyo amategeko ateganya, aha rero aba ashobora kwemera cyangwa akanga iciririkanya ku gihano (Plea Bargaining) ryabayeho hagati y’ubushinjacyaha n’uregwa.

Ubwo Kambanda yageraga imbere y’umushinjacyaha Bernard MUNA , kugira ngo amenye amakuru yari akeneye ku byaha bya Jenoside byakozwe yakoresheje ubu buryo bwa Plea Bargaining amwizeza kumusabira igihano gito, kumuha amafaranga, kumuha ubuhungiro bw’umuryango we mu bihugu byo ku mugabane w’u Burayi na we agafashwa kubonayo ubuhungiro no kubonayo akazi mu gihe yari kuba arangije igihano cye.

Imbere y’ubushinjacyaha n’imbere y’urukiko ibyaha byose Kambanda yashinjwaga yarabyemeye yizeye ko azagabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa n’ibyo yari yemerewe bindi.

N’ubwo ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa hagati y’umushinjacyaha n’uregwa nk’uko twabibonye hejuru, ntabwo biba ari ihame ko umucamanza ashyira mu bikorwa ibyo ubushinjacyaha byose buba bwemereye uregwa .

Byatumye abacamanza b’urukiko rwa Arusha, umunya Senegal LAITY KAMA, umunyasuwede LENNART ASPEGREN n’ umunyafurika y’epfo NAVANETHEM PILLAY batemera ubyo ubushinjacyaha bwari bwasabiye Kambanda harimo igihano kigufi kitagombaga kurenza imyaka 15 nk,uko yari yabisabiwe n’ubushinjacyaha.

Nyuma yo kwemera ibi byaha ku giti cye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Plea Barganing nibwo ku itariki 4 mu kwa cyenda mu 1998 Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa ICTR rwamuhamije ibyaha bya Jenoside ;icyaha cyo gukangurira abaturage gukora Jenoside ;Ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora Jenoside , kudakoresha ububasha yari afite ngo ahagarike Jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu akatirwa igifungo cya burundu.

Jean Kambanda yaguye mu kantu kuko yumvaga ibyo yemerewe n’ubushinjacyaha bizakurikizwa akagabanyirizwa igihano. Nyuma yahise ajurira ariko kubera ko ari we wari wariyemereye ibyaha byose, igihano ntabwo cyahindutse cyaje no gushimangirwa mu rugereko rw’ubujurire bw’urukiko rwa Arusha ku itariki 19 Ukwakira mu 2000 nyuma ahita yoherezwa mu gihugu cya Mali muri Gereza ya Koulikoro aho arimo kurangiriza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahawe.

Plea Barganing isanzwe ikoreshwa mu mategeko hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bitayemera ko ikoreshwa kuko basanze ishobora gutuma abantu bemera ibyaha bagendeye ku gitutu n’ibyo baba bizezwa bakaba bakwemera n’ibyo batakoze.

Hari n’aho rimwe na rimwe ubu buryo bukoreshwa nabi abantu bamwe na bamwe bitewe n’ibyo bijejwe aho baba bashobora kubeshyera abandi bakaba bahanirwa ibyaha batakoze.

Ku rwego rw’ubushinjacyaha bwo ubu buryo bugira akamaro kuko bworoshya akazi mu gihe cy’ikusanya bimenyetso (Collection of evidence) no mu gihe cy’iburana kuko umushinjacyaha aba ashaka gutsinda urubanza we akoresha ibishoboka byose ngo agere ku makuru yamufasha.

Ubu buryo iyo budakoreshejwe neza n’ubushinjacyaha bushobora no gutera ubunebwe ubushinjacyaha ntibucukumbure ngo bugere mu mizi y’icyaha mu gihe buhisemo kwizera ko ibyo bwabwiwe byose ari ukuri ntibukomeze gucukumbura.

Kugira ngo tubasobanurire ubu buryo neza twifashishije urubanza rwa Jean Kambanda ubwo yari ari imbere y’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwa Arusha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda gusa hari n’izindi manza zigaragaramo ko zakoreshejwemo ubu buryo kuko hamwe na hamwe amategeko abwemera.