Guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina (Sexual Harassment) ni icyaha gikunze kugarukwaho cyane aho ndetse bamwe mu bantu bakomeye bagiye bahanirwa iki cyaha babaga barakoreye ku bakozi babo cyangwa abanda bantu bafiteho ububasha,

Mu mwaka wa 2012, Dominique Strauss-Kahn wari umuyobozi w’ikigega cy’imari ku isi (FMI) yarezwe icyaha gifitanye isano no guheza ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina byavugwaga ko yakoreye Umunya Guinea Nafissatou Diallo wari umukozi wo muri Hotel Strauss-Kahn yajyaga acumbikamo.

Mu buhamya bw’uyu mugore yavuze ko ubwo yari arimo gukora isuku mu cyumba cya hotel Dominique Strauss-Kahn yararagamo mu mwaka wa 2011 ngo yamwirukakanye yambaye ubusa ashaka kumukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, uretse uwo munsi ngo yamwandikiraga kenshi amusaba ko bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina akanamwereka ko natabyemera bizamugiraho ingaruka kubera umwanya yari afite.

Ubwo yaregwaga ibi birego mu 2012, mu bihe bikomeye kuko ibi birego byaje uyu mugabo wari wubashywe mu Bufaransa no ku isi hose ubwo yari arimo kwiyamamariza kuyobora igihugu cy’Ubufaransa.

Iki cyaha cyetesheje ikuzo uyu mugabo bigera naho bigira ingaruka ku mushinga we wo kuyobora igihugu cy’Ubufaransa kuko yangiwe kwiyamamaza.

Abandi bamenyekanye bagiye bahanirwa iki cyaha harimo Harvey Weinstein umuherwe akaba n’ikirangirire mu gukora no gutunganya cinema nawe yakurikiranweho iki cyaha aho yashinjwaga n’ubushinjacyaha guhoza ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’igitsina no gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato bamwe mu bakinnyi ba filimi b’igitsina gore binarangira anabihamijwe n’inkiko akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 23 igihano ari kurangiriza muri gereza ya Wende Correctional Facility .

Iki cyaha ni icyaha kiganje cyane mu bakoresha b’abakozi n’abandi bantu bafite ububasha ku bantu runaka nk’abarimu , abasirikari bakuru , abayobozi n’abandi. Perezida mushya wa Tanzania Samia Hussein SULUHU aherutse gutangaza ko agiye gushyira ingufu mu kurandura iki cyaha kiganje muri Tanzania cyane mu barimu ba za kaminuza n’amashuri yisumbuye aho bahoza abanyeshuri ku nkeke babasaba ko bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bitwaje ububasha babafiteho aho babakangisha kuzabaha amanita macye.

Mu Rwanda naho haherutse kumvikana ikirego gifitanye isano n’iki cyarezwe Dr Kayumba Christopher wari umwalimu muri kaminuza y’URwanda mu ishami ry’itangazamakuru, Kayumba yerezwe n’umwe mu banyeshuri yigishaga Muthoni Fiona uvuga ko yigeze ku mukorera icyaha nk’iki gifitanye isano no guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Uretse umunyamakuru wa CNBC Muthoni Fiona NTARINDWA, ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hakomeje no kugaragara abanda bakobwa bivugwa baba barakorewe iki cyaha.

Ku cyaha Dr Kayumba akurikiranweho ntabwo twakwemeza koko niba ari guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina (Sexual Harassment) kuko birashobka ko cyanaba ubwinjiracyaha (kugerageza gukora icyaha) mu gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato.

"Bagomba kureba niba koko harabaye kugerageza kumufata ku ngufu, bizasaba ibimenyetso".
Iki kirego cyashyikirijwe urwego rw’igihugu rw’ubugenzacyaha (RIB) aho ruri gukusanya ibimenyetso byazashingirwaho mu gihe iki kirego ubushinjacyaha bwazafata umwanzuro wo kujya kukiregera mu Rukiko, ni nabwo kizahabwa inyito (Qualification).

*Icyaha cyo Guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina gitandukanirahe n’icyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato?

Umuntu wese ukora igikorwa cyo guhoza undi ku nkeke amubwira amagambo cyangwa akora ibikorwa bihoraho bifitanye isano n’igitsina, bishobora kwangiza icyubahiro cye bitewe n’uko bitesha agaciro cyangwa icyubahiro nyir’ukubikorerwa cyangwa kumutera ubwoba cyangwa ikimwaro aba akoze icyaha. Urugero niba ufite umukoresha uguhamagara kenshi cyangwa ukwandikira kenshi ubutumwa agusaba ko mukora imibonano mpuzabitsina rimwe na rimwe akagutera ubwoba ko nubyanga bizakugiraho ingaruka mu kazi icyo gihe aba akoze icyaha.

Niba yarigeze kandi kubigusaba ukabyanga akagufatira ibyemezo bikubangamira mu kazi nabwo yakoze iki cyaha. Niba uri n’umunyeshuri mwalimu wawe akakubwira kenshi agusaba ko muzakora imibonano mpuzabitsina kugirango ukunde ubone amanota nawe aba akoze icyaha. Biranahagije kuvuga ko icyaha cyabayeho kabone niyo yaba akubwira amagambo menshi , aguhamagara cyane cyangwa akwandikira agusaba gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina akabikora kenshi kabone nubwo ataba abigira urwitwazo rwo kugira ibyemezo agufatira mu kazi, bipfa kuba bigutesha icyubahiro kndi bikagutera ikimwaro.

Ku cyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato (Rape) bavuga cyabayeho iyo:
Cyabayeho nta bwumvikane bubayeho, hakoreshejwe imbaraga, iterabwoba, uburiganya, ububasha umuntu afite ku wundi cyangwa abikoze ku bw’intege nke z’uwakorewe icyaha. Icyo cyaha kigaragazwa n’ibi bikurikira:

1º gushyira igitsina mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa k’undi muntu;
2º gushyira urugingo urwo arirwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo aricyo cyose mu gitsina cyangwa mu kibuno by’undi muntu.

Umuntu wese uhamijwe n’urukiko gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka icumi (10) ariko kitarenze imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 FRW). Iyo gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato byakozwe ku muntu ufite hejuru y’imyaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu (65), ku muntu ufite ubumuga cyangwa uburwayi butuma adashobora kwirwanaho, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ariko kitageze ku myaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 FRW).

Iyo gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato byateye indwara idakira cyangwa ubumuga, uwabikoze ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko itarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW).

Igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu iyo gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato: 1° byakozwe n’abantu barenze umwe; 2° byateye urupfu uwabikorewe; 3° byakozwe ku muntu bafitanye isano kugeza ku gisanira cya kabiri; 4° byakozwe hagamijwe kumwanduza indwara idakira.
Ikindi ku cyaha cyo Guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina (Sexual Harrasment) igikorwa cyo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ntikiba cyabayeho ariko haba hari umugambi ukiganishaho (Préméditation) nkuko twabonye ko itegeko rivuga ko cyabayeho iyo
Umuntu yakoze igikorwa cyo guhoza undi ku nkeke amubwira amagambo cyangwa akora ibikorwa bihoraho bifitanye isano n’igitsina, bishobora kwangiza icyubahiro cye bitewe n’uko bitesha agaciro cyangwa icyubahiro nyir’ukubikorerwa cyangwa kumutera ubwoba cyangwa ikimwaro.

Ku cyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato ho haba habayeho gukora icyo gikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

*Amategeko y’URwanda avuga iki ku cyaha cyo Guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina?

Ingingo ya 149 mu itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse mu 2018 igira iti “Guhoza undi muntu ku nkeke ni igikorwa kibangamye cyo kubwira umuntu amagambo cyangwa gukora ibikorwa ku buryo buhoraho bifitanye isano n’igitsina, bishobora kwangiza icyubahiro cye bitewe n’uko bitesha agaciro cyangwa icyubahiro nyir’ukubikorerwa cyangwa kumutera ubwoba cyangwa ikimwaro”

Iyi ngingo iteganya ko Umuntu ukora kimwe mu bikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atandatu (6) ariko kitarenze umwaka (1) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 FRW) ariko atarenze ibihumbi mangana abiri (200.000 FRW).

Iyo uwakoze icyaha ari umukoresha cyangwa undi wese witwaza imirimo ashinzwe agahoza uwo akuriye mu kazi ku nkeke akoresheje amabwiriza, ibikangisho cyangwa iterabwoba agamije kwishimisha bishingiye ku gitsina, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze umwaka umwe (1) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 FRW) ariko atarenze ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000 FRW).

Ibihano kuri iki cyaha uretse mu itegeko rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rya 2018, tunabisanga mu itegeko n°59/2008 ryo kuwa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina.

Mu ngingo ya ryo ya ya 24 ivuga ko umuntu uhamijwe n’inkiko icyaha cyo guhoza uwo akuriye mu kazi ku nkeke bishingiye ku gitsina Ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000 Frw) kugeza ku bihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw), umukoresha cyangwa undi wese witwaza imirimo ashinzwe agahoza uwo akuriye mu kazi ku nkeke akoresheje amabwiriza, ibikangisho n’iterabwoba agamije kwishimisha bishingiye ku gitsina .

Ingingo ya 8 y’itegeko ry’umurimo rya 2018 nayo ikumira icyaha cyo guhoza uwo ukuriye mu kazi ku nkeke hagamijwe imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bukurikira:

Guhoza ku nkeke uwo ukuriye mu kazi hagamijwe imibonano mpuzabitsina ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose birabujijwe.

Kwirukana umukozi ku kazi kubera ko yatanze amakuru cyangwa ubuhamya ku bijyanye no guhozwa ku nkeke hagamijwe imibonano mpuzabitsina bikozwe n’umukuriye mu kazi birabujijwe.

Igihe hari ibimenyetso bifatika byemeza ko umukozi yasezeye ku kazi kubera guhozwa ku nkeke n’umukuriye agamije gukorana na we imibonano mpuzabitsina, bifatwa nko kwirukanwa ku kazi nta mpamvu.

Guhoza uwo ukuriye mu kazi ku nkeke hagamijwe imibonano mpuzabitsina (Sexual Harassment) kandi byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’amakosa akomeye (Gross Misconduct) ashobora kwirukanisha umukozi wabikoze nta nteguza nkuko byemejwe mu igazeti ya Leta yo ku wa 19 Werurwe 2020, igaragaza Iteka rya Minisitiri ryo ku wa 17 Werurwe 2020 rishyiraho urwo rutonde.

Hari abantu benshi bajya batekereza ko iki cyaha ibihano byacyo n’ikurikiranwa ryacyo bireba igitsina gabo gusa ntabwo ariko bimeze kuko mu biranga itegeko harimo kutavangura , abagore nabo iyo bakoze iki cyaha mu gihe hari ibimenyetso amategeko arabakurkirana.

Ushobora kuba mu bihe bimwe warahuye n’umuntu agukorera iki cyaha ndetse bigira n’ingaruka ku masezerano yawe y’akazi , imyigire cyangwa se ibindi.

Niba byarakubayeho ukaba ufite ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko wakorewe icyaha cyo Guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina wakwihutira kwegera urwego rw’igihugu rw’ubugenzacyaha (RIB) bukagufasha mu ikusanyabimenyetso (Collection of Evidence) kugirango nibusanga icyaha bishoboka ko cyabayeho bwohereze ibimenyetso ku bushinjacyaha burege uwagukoreye iki cyaha mu Rukiko rubifitiye ububasha bitewe n’aho uherereye cyangwa aho uwa kigukoreye aherereye.

Ubushinjacyaha bushyira ku mwanya wa mbere ibirego by‟imanza byerekeranye n‟ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina harimo n’icyaha cyo guhoza undi ku nkeke bifitanye isano n’imibonano mpuzabitsina kandi bukirinda ko ibimenyetso bisibangana.

Niba iki cyaha cyarabereye mu kazi wakwegera Umugenzuzi w‟umurimo, kuri buri rwego, haba mu nzego z‟ibanze cyangwa ku rwego rw‟Igihugu, kugirango agufashe gucyemura iki kibazo iyo Umugenzuzi w‟Umurimo umenye ko habayeho iki cyaha , ahita abimenyesha ubugenzacyaha buri hafi ye kugira ngo ukekwaho icyo cyaha akurikiranwe n‟ubutabera.