Ubwo burezi bwunganiwe n’ubugezweho tubona uyu munsi, bwadukanywe n’Abamisiyoneri mu myaka ya 1900, aho umunyeshuri yicara mu ishuri akigishwa n’umwarimu amasomo atandukanye.

Mu 1979, habayeho impinduka (réforme) mu burezi, yashyizeho ko imyaka yo gutangira umwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza ari irindwi ivuye kuri itandatu. Imyaka umunyeshuri yamaraga mu mashuri abanza yavuye kuri itandatu igera ku munani, aho ibiri ya nyuma yibandaga ku buhinzi n’imyuga.

Mu gutoranya abajyaga mu mashuri yisumbuye y’icyitegererezo, habagaho ikizamini (concour), ndetse hakitabwaho n’aho umuntu akomoka.

Nyuma y’umwaka w’amashuri 1991/1992, mu nkubiri y’amashyaka menshi, umwaka wa munani wavanyweho na Uwiringiyimana Agathe wayoboraga iyo Minisiteri, hasubizwaho umwaka wa gatandatu. Icyo gihe kandi uwajyaga mu mashuri yisumbuye yatangiranaga n’ishami (Section) mu mwaka wa mbere.

Mu 1994 amashuri yaje guhagarara mu gihe cya Jenoside, asubukura mu 1995, amasomo yose yigishwa mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza, na ho mu yisumbuye biga mu Gifaransa bifashisha amashusho yamanikwaga ku bitambaro(figurines).

Mu 1995 kugera mu 1996, abanyeshuri bakoreraga ibizamini bisoza amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye ku bigo bigagaho, nk’uko byari bisanzwe na mbere ariko mu 1997, batangiye kubikorera ku bigo byatoranyijwe (Centres des examens).

Impamyabumenyi zashingirwaga ku manota abanyeshuri bagize mu mwaka wa gatanu n’uwa gatandatu, hiyongereyeho ayo yabonye mu kizamini cyategurwaga n’akanama k’abarimu kashyirwagaho n’ikigo ariko na byo byaje guhinduka.

Kuva nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kugeza mu 2003, ubwo u Rwanda rwari mu nzibacyuho, abayoboye iyo Minisiteri bahanganye no gusubiza abana mu mashuri nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kubaka amashuri y’ibanze, kubona abarimu, kuvugurura integanyanyigisho n’ibindi. Icyo gihe Leta yifuzaga ko hakorwa ibishoboka byose nibura abana benshi bakajya mu mashuri abanza.

Icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuva mu 2003 kugeza mu 2010 cyahuye n’urundi rugamba rw’imyigishirize ihangana n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, yari itangiye kwiganza mu mashuri kugeza ubwo kiba ikibazo gihagurutsa Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.

Mu gihe Igifaransa cyabisikanaga giha umwanya Icyongereza mu mashuri, Leta yanze ko kwiga bigarukira ku mashuri atandatu abanza gusa, yongeraho andi atatu yisumbuye aribwo hirya no hino mu gihugu hubakwaga amashuri menshi y’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka icyenda (Nine Years Basic Education), gushishikariza urubyiruko kujya mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ibindi.

Guhera mu 2010 kugeza ubu, Leta yashyize imbaraga mu burezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 12 aribwo hubakwaga amashuri menshi, kongera amashuri y’imyuga no kuyaha ubushobozi, kuvugurura Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda ikabyara Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ifite amashami mu gihugu hose, gushishikariza Kaminuza mpuzamahanga kuzana amashami yazo mu Rwanda, kuvugurura imibereho ya mwarimu hongerwa umushahara n’ibindi.

Abashinzwe uburezi ntibahwema kuvuga ko ahanini impinduka muri iyi Minisiteri, ziba zigamije kubwubaka no kubujyanisha n’igihe, nubwo hari bamwe babibona ukundi bashingiye ko hari izagize akamaro n’izikemangwa.

Bamwe bavuga ko impinduka za hato na hato muri iyo Minisiteri, imwe mu zifatiye runini Igihugu, ari bimwe mu bituma ireme ry’uburezi rikomeza guhera, kuko ugiyeho wese azana agashya ke, hakagira ibihinduka mu myigire n’imyigishirize bityo ugasanga abanyeshuri bahora mu mpinduka ntacyo bagumamo ngo bakimenyere, bikaba byabagiraho ingaruka.

Gusa nanone nta wakwirengagiza ko izo mpinduka zose ziba zigamije gushakira umuti ibibazo biba bihari mu burezi, kugira ngo ireme ry’uburezi rigerweho by’ukuri.

Aba ni Abaminisitiri 17 bayoboye Minisiteri y’Uburezi kuva mu 1994, n’impinduka bagiye bazana

Ni yo Minisiteri ya mbere imaze kunyuramo abayobozi benshi ndetse ni imwe mu zireberera benshi, kubera ko ubunini bwayo buri no mu nshingano zagiye ziremerera kenshi abayihawe ngo bayiyobore mu myaka 31 ishize u Rwanda rubohowe, kugeza ubwo muri iyo myaka yose abantu 17 bamaze kwicara mu ntebe ya Minisitiri uyishinzwe ku Kacyiru, bikaba agahigo kuko nta yindi Minisiteri imaze kuyoborwa n’abantu bangana gutyo.

Iyi ni Minisiteri ireberera politiki y’Igihugu ijyanye n’uburezi, igashingwa ibigo biyishamikiyeho birimo ibishinzwe integanyanyigisho, imyigishirize, ibizamini, imikorere y’amashuri, abarimu n’ibindi.

Kuva kuri Pierre Célestin Rwigema wayiyoboye bwa mbere nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kugeza kuri Nsengimana Joseph uherutse guhabwa izi nshingano, umuntu wayimazemo igihe kinini ni imyaka itandatu, uwo ni Prof Romain Murenzi wayiyoboye hagati ya 2001 na 2006.

Ufashe imyaka 31 ishize Guverinoma y’Ubumwe igiyeho, ukagabanya n’umubare w’abamaze kuyobora MINEDUC, nibura buri umwe yaba yarayiyoboye imyaka ibiri, abenshi bahamya ko muri icyo gihe aribwo umuyobozi aba atangiye kwinjira mu nshingano neza, kuko ubundi aba akirimo kwiga. Bagasanga uko guhinduranya ubuyobozi ari byo byihishe inyuma y’uburezi budafite ireme bahora bayishinja.

Rwigema Pierre Céléstin

Rwigema Pierre Céléstin ni we wabaye Minisitiri wa mbere w’Uburezi nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hagati ya 1994 kugera 1995, ubwo yarahiriraga kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe.

Ni we wongeye gutangiza amashuri ku mugaragaro nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nyuma y’igihe yari amaze afunze kubera ibibazo byari mu gihugu muri icyo gihe.

Icyo gihe Dr. Joseph Nsengimana yari Minisiteri ushinzwe amashuri makuru naho Rwigema Pierre Céléstin ashinzwe abanza n’ayisumbuye.

Dr. Nsengimana Joseph

Dr. Nsengimana Joseph, utaratinze kuri uyu mwanya, ubundi yari Minisiteri ushinzwe amashuri makuru naho Rwigema Pierre Céléstin ashinzwe abanza n’ayisumbuye.

Ngirabanzi Laurien

Ngirabanzi yasimbuye Dr. Nsengimana Joseph, bidatinze na we asimburwa na Col Joseph Karemera.

Col Joseph Karemera

Col Karemera ni umugabo utaratinze ku buyobozi bw’iyo Minisiteri. Mu gihe gito yamaze muri izo nshingano, nta wakwibagirwa uko Col. Dr. Joseph Karemera yaciye diplôme za bamwe mu bari bararangije ayisumbuye avuga ko zitujuje ibisabwa n’ireme ry’uburezi Igihugu cyifuzaga kugeraho.

Impamvu yo guca izo diplôme, ni uko icyo gihe abayobozi b’ibigo batungwaga agatoki ku gutanga amanota mu buryo budakurikije amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’Uburezi.

Dr. Karemera yavuze ko hari abahawe diplôme nta bumenyi buhagije bafite, hari abakopeye, ndetse n’abongerewe amanota. Ibyo byatumye diplôme zabo zicibwa.

Guca diplôme byafashwe nka sakirirego ari na byo byatumye itangazamakuru ribaza Col. Dr. Karemera (icyo gihe wanahibwe Col. Nyamuca), niba nta bwoba afite bwo guhangara ikintu nk’icyo, maze arabasubiza ati “Ufite intare nayiziture.”

Hari n’abavuga ko nyuma yaho yaba yarasuye iyahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, abanyeshuri bakamubaza uburyo diplôme zicibwa kandi kuzibona bivunanye, maze akabasubiza ababwira ko bagiye muri politiki basanga ari Minisitiri, mu gisirikare bagasanga ari Koloneli, mu bijyanye n’uburezi basanga ari Dogiteri, rero asubiza ati “Ibyo nakoze nabitekerejeho.”

Emmanuel Mudidi

Mu 1999 nibwo izina Emmauel Mudidi ryumvikanye, ahawe inshingano zo kuyobora Minisiteri y’Uburezi.

Ni umugabo utarigeze yemeranwa na benshi kuri Politiki ye y’Uburezi, bijyanye n’ikigero cy’ireme ry’uburezi, aho yakuyeho gahunda yo gusibiza abanyeshuri batsinzwe, ibyo bise ‘Promotion automatique’, muri slogan igira iti “Nta mwana w’umuswa ubaho, nta mwana utsindwa, hatsindwa umwarimu”.

Ibyo bisigisigi byo kwimura umwana udashoboye, byakomeje gukurikirana ireme ry’uburezi, kugeza ubwo bivugwa kenshi ko umunyeshuri arangiza Kaminuza atazi kwandika ibaruwa isaba akazi, umwana akarangiza amashuri abanza atazi kwandika izina rye.

Prof. Romain Murenzi

Prof. Murenzi ni we wayoboye Minisiteri y’Uburezi igihe kirekire (imyaka irenga itatu), kuko yahawe izo nshingano muri 2002, asimbuye Mudidi Emmanuel, azisimburwaho muri 2006.

Prof. Murenzi ni we wazanye Politiki yo guteza imbere Siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri.

Dr. Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc

Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc, yagizwe Minisitiri w’Uburezi muri 2006 asimbuye Prof. Romain Murenzi.

Ari mu Baminisitiri bari bafite intumbero zo gukaza ireme ry’uburezi, aho mu gihe cye ariho hagaragaye ukutajenjekera abana bitwara nabi.

Ni Minisitiri wavuye muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi muri 2008, ahabwa izindi nshingano zo kuyobora Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’umuryango.

Dr. Daphrose Gahakwa

Dr. Gahakwa ari mu bayobozi batatinze ku buyobozi bwa Minisiteri y’Uburezi, kuko yahawe izo nshingano muri 2008, asimbuye Dr. Mujawamaliya Jeanne D’Arc, azikurwaho muri 2009.

Dr. Charles Muligande

Dr. Muligande yagizwe Minisitiri w’Uburezi muri 2009, asimburwa muri izo nshingano na Dr. Pierre Damien Habiyambere muri 2011.

Dr. Pierre Damien Habumuremyi

Dr. Habumuremyi ari mu bayobozi bamaze igihe gito ayobora Minisiteri y’Uburezi, aho yahawe izo nshingano muri Gicurasi 2011, asimbuye Dr. Charles Muligande ku itariki 07 Ukwakira 2011, agirwa Minisitiri w’Intebe asimbuye Bernard Makuza.

Dr. Vincent Biruta

Dr. Biruta ni umwe mu bayoboye Minisiteri y’Uburezi igihe gisa n’aho cyenda kuba kirekire, aho yahawe izo nshingano muri 2011, akazikurwaho muri 2014.

Dr. Vincent Biruta azibukirwa kuri Politiki yo guhuza amashuri makuru ya Leta na Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda, bihinduka Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UR).

Ni nabwo abanyeshuri bagera ku 6186 bari barasimbutse icyiciro rusange badakoze ikizamini kibemerera kwiga mu wa kane, basubijwe inyuma kujya kugikora, kandi benshi bari bageze no muri za Kaminuza.

Prof. Silas Lwakabamba

Nyuma y’uko asimbuye Dr. Vincent Biruta ku buyobozi bwa Minisiteri y’Uburezi, Prof. Lwakabamba nta gihe kinini yamaze muri izo nshingano, kuko yayiyoboye amezi cumi na kumwe kuva muri Nyakanga 2014 - Kamena 2015.

Dr. Musafiri Papias Malimba

Ku mugoroba wa tariki 24 Kamena 2015, nibwo Dr Papias Musafiri Malimba, yagizwe Minisitiri w’Uburezi asimbuye Prof. Silas Lwakabamba.

Ni Minisitiri utaravuzweho byinshi bigaragaza impinduka z’uwo yari asimbuye, kugeza ubwo asimbuwe kuri uwo mwanya ku itariki 7 Ukuboza 2017.

Dr Eugène Mutimura

Dr. Mutimura yahawe inshingano zo kuyobora iyo Minisiteri tariki 6 Ukuboza 2017, akaba yararanzwe no gukanga cyane abo ayobora, kuko yagiye agaragara kenshi akubita abarimu n’abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri, akabikorera imbere y’abanyashuri.

Dr. Uwamaliya Valentine

Yagizwe Minisitiri tariki 28 Gashyantare 2020, afatwa nk’umunyabigwi, aho ashimwa cyane n’abo yari ashinzwe kureberera barimo abarimu, cyane cyane ko yabafashije kumwenyura nyuma y’uko bakiriye inkuru nziza, y’uko umushahara wabo wikubye kabiri.

Ni umuyobozi utaratinye kugaragaza igitsure, kugeza no ku buyobozi bwa za Kaminuza n’Amashuri makuru, aho ku ngoma ye hafashwe icyemezo cyo gukurikirana Kaminuza zitujuje ibisabwa, zimwe zirimo Christian University, UNIK, KIM…, zifungwa burundu.

Ku ngoma ye, Dr. Uwamariya nibwo gahunda yo gutangira amasomo Saa Tatu yagiyeho. Ni gahunda byavugwaga ko ije gusubiza ikibazo cy’uko abanyeshuri bazindukaga mu museso wa kare, kandi Igihugu gishaka ko bazajya biga rimwe ku munsi.

Twagirayezu Gaspard

Yabaye Minisitiri wa 16 muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ku wa Kabiri tariki 22 Kanama 2023, ariko n’ubundi atavuye hanze yayo kuko yari asanzwe ayibereye Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye.

Dr Nsengimana Joseph

Yahawe inshingano zo kuyobora iyo Minisiteri tariki 11 Nzeri 2024, mu gihe cy’amezi 10 amaze muri izo nshingano akaba amaze gukora impinduka zirimo ko kuva mu mwaka w’amashuri utaha wa 2025/26, abanyeshuri biga mu mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye bazajya batangira amasomo saa mbiri za mu gitondo, aho kuba saa tatu nk’uko byari bimaze kumenyerwa.

Izindi mpinduka zigomba gutangira gukurikizwa guhera mu mwaka utaha w’amashuri, zirimo ihuzwa ry’amashami yigishwaga mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye, aho ayenda gusa yahurijwe mu mbumbe eshatu z’ingenzi harimo iy’Imibare na Siyansi irimo ibyiciro bibiri, Iy’Ubumenyamuntu ndetse n’iy’Indimi.

Nubwo imyaka 31 ishize yabereye ingorabahizi abayoboye MINEDUC, hari byinshi byakozwe bitarenzwa ingohe. Ni yo myaka umubare w’Abanyarwanda bageze mu ishuri wiyongereye.

Nko mu mwaka wa 2000, Abanyarwanda babiri muri batanu bari bafite nibura imyaka 15 ntibari bazi gusoma no kwandika, aho umubare munini wari abagore. Gusa icyari gitangaje ni uko abatazi gusoma no kwandika bari biganje mu mijyi (46,9%) kurusha mu byaro (43,2%).

Muri bake babaga baragize amahirwe yo kujya mu ishuri, 78,8% bari abagabo mu gihe abagore bari 70,1%. Gusa muri abo bose, abari barize Kaminuza bari 0,1%.

Ikigereranyo cy’urugendo umunyeshuri yakoraga kugira ngo agere ku ishuri icyo gihe cyari ibilometero 2,5 buri munsi, byatumaga benshi barivamo.

Imibare yo mu 2019 igaragaza ko Abanyarwanda 89% bize, kuko muri uwo mwaka abiyandikishije mu mashuri abanza bari 2,512,465 naho mu yisumbuye ari 732,104.

Abari bazi gukoresha mudasobwa ku bari hagati y’imyaka 15-24 mu 2019 bari 15.2% mu gihe kera nta zabagaho. Ingo zitunze mudasobwa zibarirwa kuri 3%, izitunze telephone ni 70.6%. Ubu Internet igera mu gihugu hose ku kigero cya 95% naho abayikoresha ni 51.6%.