Ubwo bucuruzi bukunze kumvikana cyane mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru, aho babwita ‘urunguze’, ariko no mu bindi bice by’igihugu burahakorerwa, hamwe bakabwita ‘banki lamberi’ cyangwa ‘purusa’ (pour cent).

Inyungu muri ubu bucuruzi ngo ziri hejuru cyane kuko zihera kuri 30% zikaba zanagera ku 100%.

Mbere y’uko ukeneye amafaranga ayabona, abanza gutanga ingwate ifite agaciro kagenwa bitewe n’umubare w’amafaranga akeneye.

Mu gutanga iyi ngwate, ukeneye amafaranga yandikirana n’ugiye kuyamuha ko baguze ikintu runaka (ari yo ngwate), ariko yazamara kumwishyura mu gihe bavuganye akamusubiza ingwate ye, ubundi amasezerano bari baragiranye agateshwa agaciro.

Akenshi abakeneye amafaranga basabwa gutanga ingwate y’impapuro za banki (cheques), iyo umuha amafaranga baziranye.

Abatanga aya mafaranga bavuga ko iyo mutaziranye bagusaba ingwate y’ikintu gifatika nka telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa, igihe ukeneye amafaranga makeya, naho waba ukeneye amafaranga menshi ugatanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, imodoka cyangwa se indi mitungo ihenze.

Abakora bene ubu bucuruzi bw’amafaranga butemewe, babikora bihishe kuko ibyo bakora bihanwa n’amategeko.

Ni na yo mpamvu ntawe ubikora wemera kuvugana n’itangazamakuru ngo yemere no gutangaza amazina ye cyangwa aho akorera.

Bamwe mu baganiriye na Kigali Today bemeza ko ubu bucuruzi bwunguka, na cyane ko utanze amafaranga ari we ubwe ugena inyungu yifuza ku mafaranga ye.

Umwe twahaye amazina ya Musabe Thomas yagize ati ”Iyo ukeneye amafaranga, birumvikana jyewe ndagutegeka nti ’uzanyishyura wongeyeho aya’, kandi ntaho wahera ubyanga, kuko iyo ubyanze ndakureka ukagenda nkayaha abandi”.

Musabe yabwiye Kigali Today ko abenshi bagana bene ubu bucuruzi ari abakora bizinesi (business), baba bakeneye amafaranga ku buryo bwihuse, bagasanga kujya gusaba inguzanyo muri banki byabagora ndetse bikabatinza.

Icyakora aba bakora ubucuruzi bw’amafaranga bavuga ko bugenda bugabanuka, kubera ko Leta yahagurukiye kubirwanya no guhana ababifatiwemo.

Ikindi cyateye ubu bucuruzi kugabanuka ngo ni icyizere cyagabanutse mu bantu, aho abenshi bagiye bafata ayo mafaranga bakambura abayabahaye burundu.

Abafashe amafaranga muri Lambert bo bayivugaho iki?

Benshi mu baganiriye na Kigali Today bavuga ko abafata amafaranga muri ubu buryo bagamije kuyakemuza ibibazo byo mu miryango cyangwa se kuyarya, ngo badatinda guhomba no gukena.

Uwo mu karere ka Musanze wifuje ko twamuha amazina atari aye twise Habineza Vincent yagize ati ”Urayafata ukikenura uwo mwanya. Iyo uri umukozi wazajya nko guhembwa ugasanga wakoreye abandi. Uhora hasi, nta kintu wunguka ahubwo uhora ukorera abandi”.

Mu karere ka Rutsiro mu Ntara y’ Uburengerazuba, muri 2016 humvikanye ikibazo cy’abaturage bari batuye ku kirwa cya Bugarura mu Murenge wa Boneza, bari baratwawe hafi ½ cy’ubutaka bwabo kubera amafaranga bari barafashe muri banki lamberi, bagatanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka.

Hari kandi n’aho ubu bucuruzi bw’amafaranga butera amakimbirane mu miryango, bitewe n’uko umwe mu bawugize yafashe amafaranga atabanje kubyumvikanaho n’uwo babana, agatanga ingwate y’umutungo w’umuryango, nyuma yazabura icyo yishyura umutungo ugafatirwa, bigatera ubwimvikane buke n’urugomo.

Iyo uganiriye n’abaturage bafata amafaranga mu buryo bwa banki lambert, bakubwira ko impamvu ituma batabireka ari uko ari bwo buryo bworoshye bwo kubona amafaranga igihe uyakeneye byihutirwa.

Kuki ’banque lambert’ idacika kandi ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko?

Abakora ubucuruzi bw’amafaranga buzwi nka banki lamberi bavuga ko mu babukora harimo n’abakozi b’amabanki, aba agenti (agents) b’ama sosiyete y’itumanaho, abacuruzi basanzwe ndetse n’abakozi mu nzego zinyuranye.

Abasaba amafaranga mu buryo bwa banki lamberi bo bavuga ko bahitamo ubu buryo kubera ko ubundi buryo bwo gusaba inguzanyo mu ma banki bugoranye, kandi bugatinda.

Umwe ati ”tekereza kujya gusaba inguzanyo ukamara amezi atatu uyitegereje, kandi ibyangombwa warabitanze”!

Teddy Keberuka, impuguke mu by’ubukungu nawe yabwiye Kigali Today ko iyi yaba imwe mu mpamvu zituma banki lamberi idacika burundu.

Avuga ko kugirango banki iguhe inguzanyo ibanza gusuzuma niba uzabasha kuyishyura, ari nabyo bituma gusaba inguzanyo muri banki bitinda.

Kaberuka avuga ko banki zari zikwiye kujya zisuzuma dosiye z’abasaba inguzanyo z’amafaranga make ku buryo bwihuse, kugirango abakeneye amafaranga make bayabone bidatwaye igihe.

Ati ”Ntawabura kuvuga ko kuba bigoye kubona inguzanyo muri banki, ari kimwe mu bituma lamberi yiyongera, kuko biramutse byoroshye, cyane cyane nko ku nguzanyo z’amafaranga make, abantu ntibajya muri lamberi.”

Mu bindi bihugu byateye imbere, bahuza amakuru ku muntu nka mobile money yawe,… ahantu hose winjiriza amafaranga kuburyo baba bafite amakuru ku mafaranga winjiza, bakaba babiheraho baguha inguzanyo”.

Kaberuka ariko nanone avuga ko impamvu ituma banki lamberi idacika burundu ari uko ubu bucuruzi bukorerwa mu ibanga, bityo inzego zibishinzwe zikaba zitabasha kumenya aho bukorerwa.

Yongeraho ko hari n’ubwo abagiranye amasezerano bahemukirana ariko bakirinda kubigeza mu nzego kuko bazi ko bahanwa bombi.

Teddy Kaberuka kandi avuga ko ubu bucuruzi bugira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’igihugu, kuko ari ubucuruzi bukorwa butazwi, butagira aho bwanditse, kuburyo leta itabasha kubusoresha.

Ikindi kandi ngo n’iyo habaye ikibazo hagati y’abakoranye ubwo bucuruzi, hakabaho gufatira imitungo ifite agaciro katangana n’umwenda yafashe, bikamuhombya.

Hiyongeraho kandi ko ayo mafaranga acururizwa mu ntoki, kuburyo ntawamenya aba yacurujwe, inyungu ziba zayavuyemo, ibi byose bikabarwa nk’igihombo ku bukungu bw’igihugu.

Itegeko nomero 171 mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda riteganya igihano cy’igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu, ariko kitarengeje imyaka itanu, n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda itari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu, ariko itarenze miliyoni eshanu, Umuntu wese ukora ubwambuzi akoresheje kiboko cyangwa agahato agasinyisha undi, akamuteza igikumwe cyangwa agahabwa inyandiko iyo ari yo yose irimo cyangwa iturukaho umwenda, uburonke cyangwa ubwishyu.

Muri rusange banki Nkuru y’Igihugu (BNR) niyo ishinzwe kugenzura uburyo amafaranga azenguruka mu bantu, ndetse muri uyu mwaka BNR yashyizeho inyungu ya 5.5%, ku bigo by’imari biyiguza amafaranga.

BNR kandi yatangiye uburyo bwo kugenzura amafaranga azenguruka mu bantu igendeye ku nyungu ziboneka ku nguzanyo ziba zatanzwe n’ibigo by’imari.

Ibi rero bisa n’ibitazorohera BNR kugenzura amafaranga yose azenguruka mu bantu, mu gihe ubu bucuruzi bukorwa rwihishwa bukomeje gukorwa.