Ubundi, ahitwaga muri Perefegitura ya Butare ni ho avoka zabanje guhingwa mu Rwanda. Ubu ni mu Turere twa Huye na Gisagara, ndetse n’igice gitoya cya Nyaruguru n’icya Nyanza.

Abahatuye bakuze bavuga ko zatangiye guhingwa mu gihe cy’abakoloni, zikaba zarakwirakwijwe ahanini n’abari abasisita agoronome (assistant agronome) ndetse n’abo bitaga ba moniteragiri (Moniteur agricole).

Joseph Ntirikindura utuye ahitwa mu Gatoki i Save mu Karere ka Gisagara, akaba yaravutse mu 1939, avuga ko abaturage bashishikarizwa kuzihinga yari ingimbi, muri za 1950.

Agira ati “Avoka zaturutse mu Bafurere b’Urukundo (Frères de la Charité) bakoreraga muri GSOB. Icyo gihe abaturanyi babakoreraga twabonaga bagenda bazizana bakazitera, nyuma yaho haza gukorwa pepiniyeri, bagashishikariza abantu kuzihinga.”

Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba abantu barahise bazikunda, Ntirikindura avuga ko byasabye igihe kuko hari n’ababonaga aho zeze bakavuga ko bo “batarya intobo.”

Edouard Senyange utuye mu Murenge wa Ngoma mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, akaba mu kigero cy’imyaka nk’icya Ntirikindura, na we avuga ko abantu batangiye gutera avoka cyane mu gace k’iwabo muri za 1950. Icyo gihe abantu ngo bazikuraga ahitwa mu Rwabisemanyi, hazwi kuba ibyuzi byinshi by’amafi.

Yunganirwa n’umusaza Karawudiyani Nyagatare utuye i Nyaruteja mu Murenge wa Nyanza mu Karere ka Gisagara, ubu ufite imyaka 101. We avuga ko avoka iwabo zahakwirakwijwe na ba moniteragiri mu myaka ya za 1947.

Icyo gihe abantu ngo bashishikarizwaga kuzitera babwirwa ko ari imbuto nziza, ziryoshye kandi ko hari igihe zizabazanira amafaranga.

Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba abantu barahise bazitabira, avuga ko hari ababanje kurya izari zaratewe n’umumoniteragiri bari baturanye, bakumva ziryoshye bagatangira na bo kuzihinga. Icyakora, hari n’abatarahise babyitabira, nk’uko bivugwa n’umusaza Yoronimu wo mu Kigero cye kandi batuye mu gace kamwe.

Agira ati “Ubwa mbere tuzirya twumvaga ari ibintu by’ibivuta, bitaryoshye, ariko uko iminsi yagiye yicuma abantu bagiye bazikunda, batangira no kuzihinga. Byari binoroshye kubera ko bateraga ibibuto by’izariwe.”

Mu myaka ya za 1980, abantu bari basigaye bazifite ari nyinshi, banakunze kuzirya, ku buryo zagize umumaro ukomeye ubwo muri Butare higeze gutera indwara mu butaka yatumaga bahinga ibishyimbo ntibyere, kuko byakukaga bikuma.

Uwitwa Margarita Nyiraminani w’i Ngoma muri Nyaruguru ati “Icyo gihe ntitwari tugihinga ibishyimbo, ahubwo Soya. Umubyeyi wabaga afite avoka ntiyagiraga ikibazo cyo kugaburira abana kuko yabatekeraga ibijumba bakarisha avoka, bakamererwa neza.”

Anatekereza ko ari ho havuye imvugo yo kuvuga ko Abanyabutare batunzwe na avoka. Icyo gihe kandi muri rusange avoka ntizagurishwaga.

Ati “N’abatangiye kuzigurisha wasangaga imwe bayigurisha ifaranga rimwe, cyangwa amafaranga abiri. Ni uko byari byifashe kugeza mbere ya Jenoside.”

Avoka yabaye igihingwa gitanga amafaranga

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, avoka zatangiye kujya zigurishwa. Abashakashati b’ikigo ISAR (ubu cyitwa RAB) bigishije abaturage kuzibangurira bituma zera vuba. Kuri ubu iz’imbangurirano zo mu bwoko bwa Hass na Fuerte zisigaye zijya no ku masoko mpuzamahanga.

Binakubitiyeho ko abazikunda biyongereye, ubu avoka isigaye ihenda ku buryo usanga mu mijyi avoka imwe, ntoya, igura amafaranga ijana (100), cyangwa ijana na mirongo itanu (150). Hadutse n’ubwoko bwa avoka nini usanga mu biturage imwe igura amafaranga magana atatu (300). Izo iyo zigeze mu mujyi usanga imwe bayigurisha amafaranga magana atanu (500). Mu nzu zigezweho zigurisha ibiribwa (alimentations), hari n’aho usanga avoka imwe igura amafaranga igihumbi (1000).

Abakusanya avoka zicuruzwa hanze y’u Rwanda, bavuga ko hirya no hino mu gihugu hagenda haboneka abiyemeje guzihinga kinyamwuga, usanga zibaha n’amafaranga menshi, kuko izo mu bwoko bwa Hass zikunze kujyanwa hanze y’u Rwanda ku bw’uko zishya bitinze ntizinangirike cyane, usanga imwe bayibagurira hagati y’amafaranga 80 -100.

Abazihinga bongeraho ko habonetse na kampani y’Abanyamerika yo yigerera ku bahinzi, itanyuze ku bazikusanya, igatanga amafaranga 1000 ku kilo. Ikilo kandi ngo kiba kigizwe na avoka hagati y’eshanu n’esheshatu.

Ikindi kivugwa n’abakusanya avoka zicuruzwa hanze y’u Rwanda, ni uko ngo n’ubwo mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda ari ho hashobora kuboneka avoka igihe cyose bitewe n’uko ho hatava izuba rikabije, bityo avoka zaho zikaba zihora zirabya, kugeza ubu mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, cyane cyane kandi mu Turere twa Huye na Gisagara, ni ho bakura avoka nyinshi.

Uko imyaka igenda yicuma, avoka zicuruzwa hanze y’u Rwanda zigenda ziyongera, ari na ko zinjiriza u Rwanda amafaranga menshi.

Mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere iyoherezwa mu mahanga ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’Ubworozi (NAEB), bavuga ko mu mwaka w’ngengo y’imari y’imari 2019-2020 u Rwanda rwacuruje hanze yarwo ibiro 840,672 bya avoka, byavuyemo Amadolari y’Amerika 840,570, muri 2020-2021 hacuruzwa ibiro 763,751 byavuyemo Amadolari 1,583,771, muri 2021-2022 hacuruzwa ibiro 2,765,340 byavuyemo Amadolari 4,533,801.

Muri 2022-2023 hacurujwe ibiro 3,210,526 byavuyemo Amadolari 6,342,472 naho muri 2023-2024 hacuruzwa ibiro 4,518,229 ku Madolari 8,377,083.

Ni ukuvuga ko mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu u Rwanda rwacuruje ibiro 12,098,519 bya avoka, byatanze Amadolari 21,677,696 angana n’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda asaga Miliyari 30 (30,091,661,534).