Bwishaza: Uruganda rwa mbere rwa Kawa mu Rwanda n’intambara ya Shikaramu
Mufumbezi, umudugudu, umwe mu midugudu igize Umurenge wa Rubengera, ahahoze ari akarere k’Ubwishaza muri Karongi y’ubu, ni ahandi hantu nyaburanga umukerarugendo yasura, akamenyeraho n’amateka y’u Rwanda rwo hambere.

Aha ni ho Umwami Leopold II w’Ububiligi yambukiye, aturuka mu gihugu yari yaragize akarima ke cya Congo Mbiligi(DRC ya none) aza kubonana n’Umwami Yuhi V Musinga i Rubengera mbere yo gukomereza i Kabgayi aho yahuriye n’Abapadiri, hari mu 1925.
Kubera uburyo hagendwaga cyane, mu 1954, Umutaliyani witwaga Olandine yahubatse uruganda rutunganya kawa, ari narwo rwabaye urwa mbere mu Rwanda, nyuma aza kurugurisha mwene wabo witwaga Colis.

Andre Ntagwabira ushinzwe ubushakashatsi mu Nteko y’Umuco asobanura iby’uru ruganda agira ati “Kawa zeraga muri aka Karere zatunganyirizwaga ahangaha zikajyanwa i Goma mbere yo gukomeza mu mahanga ya kure.”
Icyakora, mu gihe cya Repubulika ya kabiri ku Butegetsi bwa Habyarimana Juvenale nibwo abazungu bari batuye muri kariya gace baje kwirukanwa mu Rwanda, bajyana n’uruganda rwabo.
Imvano yo kwirukanwa yabaye imbunda yatahuwe mu Kiyaga cya Kivu n’abarobyi, bakayishyikiriza ubuyobozi, bukemeza ko ari imwe mu zakoreshejwe mu ntambara ya Shikaramu, izwi cyane mu mateka ya Congo, ikaba yarasize urwikekwe hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ku buryo ibihugu byombi byacanye umubano.
Bivugwa ko abazungu bari muri ako gace bahirukanywe mu myaka ya 1978, mu rwego rwo kugira ngo ibihugu byombi byongere kugirana umubano wari umaze igihe waraciwe na Mobutu.
Ntagwabira agira ati “Ni ukuvuga ko uwo muzungu Colis, yari yaracumbikiye abanzi ba Mobutu (Uwari Perezida wa Zaire, Congo y’ubu), ibyo byatumye uru ruganda ruva ahangaha, amamashini yari arimo ahabwa Rwandex. Kuva icyo gihe ntabwo urwo ruganda rwongeye gukora kugeza none.”
Hagati aho, Intambara ya Shikaramu, ni intambara yitiriwe Umubiligi Major Jean Schramme wari ushinzwe kugenzura abahinzi b’abanyekongo bakoraga mu mirima y’Ababiligi.
Uyu musirikare ngo yarivumbuye, areka imirimo yari ashinzwe ayoboka inyeshyamba zasabaga ko Intara ya Katanga yigenga.
Nyuma baje gutsindwa basaba ubuhungiro mu Rwanda bahagera bakoresheje cya cyambu, kuri Repubulika ya mbere ari nabyo byatumye habaho urwikekwe hagati y’ibihugu byombi.

Bamwe mu batuye muri aka gace uyu munsi, bavuga ko bakuze babona ababyeyi babo bakora muri urwo ruganda, bakahakura amafaranga yabafashaga mu buzima bwa buri munsi bwa muntu.
Didier Bimenyimana, umwe muri abo baturage agiura ati “Ababyeyi bacu bazaga kuhakora, bagatahana ibyo kurya tudasdanzwe tubona iwacu, cyangwa bakatugurira imyenda myiza yabaga yazanywe n’abazungu, kandi ihendutse.”
Nyuma y’uko uruganda ruhava ngo hakomeje kuremera isoko rikomeye, ku buryo kugera nko mu 1995 ryari rigikora, rigatundwa n’abaturutse mu bice bya Rutsiro mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza n’abambutse bava muri Congo.
Kawa ifite amateka mu Rwanda
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Inteko y’Umuco ku gihingwa cya Kawa n’umushakashatsi Maurice Mugabowagahunde mu wa 2016 ubwo yakoraga mu Nteko y’UMuco, basanze Kawa ifite amateka ma Rwanda.
Bivugwa ko Abamisiyoneri ari bo badukanye Kawa mu Rwanda, bayihinga i Mibirizi mu 1903 bayikuye muri Tanzaniya, aho yari yaragejejwe n’Abamisiyoneri bayikomoye muri Guatemala. Iyo kawa y’i Mibirizi ni yo yaje gusakara mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.
Kawa igera i Mibirizi hari Abapadiri bera barimo uwitwaga Sumbiri, Emile Verfurt, Nicolas Cunrath, na Eugène Desbrosses. Abageze mu zabukuru bo muri ako Karere bavuga ko by’umwihariko Sumbiri ari we wazanye kawa, bakibuka ko yafumbiraga ingemwe akaziha abasore n’abatware ngo bajye kuzitera, ndetse akabasobanurira ko zizabagirira umumaro.

Nubwo Sumbiri ndetse n’abandi bamisiyoneri b’i Mibirizi bashishikarizaga Abanyakinyaga muri rusange n’abayoboke babo by’umwihariko guhinga kawa, bakabigisha uko isasirwa n’uko isarurwa, ngo babimye amatwi.
Abantu 117 ngo bayihinze guhera mu w’1933 igihe abategetsi b’Ababirigi babigiraga itegeko, ariko n’ubundi Abanyarwanda bari batarumva neza akamaro kayo.
Abaturage batangiye kubona ibyiza bya kawa nyuma ya 1950 kuko ari yo yatumaga babona amafaranga, bakikenura. Kawa y’i Mibirizi yari iyo mu bwoko bwa Arabica yagurishijwe hanze y’u Rwanda bwa mbere mu wa 1917, ariko nyuma haje kuza n’ubundi bwoko bwa Robusta, none ubu kawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu byinjiriza u Rwanda amadovize menshi.
Inyubako ya misiyoni ya Mibirizi yubatswe n’abazungu ntigihari, yarashenywe hubakwa inshya ihari muri iki gihe. Hafi yayo mu murima wa paruwasi ni ho hatewe kawa bwa mbere.
Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga uwo murage, Paruwasi yateye igipimo cya kawa muri uwo murima, ndetse bigaragara ko zimazemo igihe kirekire n’ubwo atari zo zahatewe mu wa 1903. Ahari ibimenyetso by’ayo mateka ya Mibirizi, ubu ni mu Mudugudu wa Mibirizi, Akagari ka Karemereye, Umurenge wa Gashonga, Akarere ka Rusizi.

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