Icyakora, abari bahari kuwa mbere Nyakanga 1962 n’imyaka yakurikiyeho, bagaragaza ko mu by’ukuri ubwo bwigenge batabubonye byuzuye, cyangwa nta nyungu babubonyemo uretse kubebera.

Muri macye ngo byagarukiye ku ibendera, ibirango by’igihugu no kwandikwa mu nteko y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ariko ubuzima bw’umunyarwanda aho gutera imbere ahubwo burushaho kuba bubi.

Rwamucyo Bernard w’imyaka 54 y’amavuko wo mu Murenge wa Nyamata mu Karere ka Bugesera, avuga ko u Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge bwuzuye rwose muri Nyakanga 1962, kubera ko icyo gihe ibendera ry’u Rwanda ryarazamuwe, mu gihe ubundi habaga habazamuwe ibendera ry’abakoloni b’Ababiligi.

Gusa, avuga ko ku rundi ruhande, ubwo bwigenge u Rwanda rwabonye bwagize akamaro ku gice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda, mu gihe abandi bo ntacyo bwari bumaze ndetse ntacyo bwari busobanuye, kubera ko nubwo ibendera ry’u Rwanda ryari rizamuwe rwahawe ubwigenge, ariko ntacyo rwakoze ngo rucyure impunzi zigizwe ahanini n’Abatutsi zari zarameneshejwe muri 1959 zihungira mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Uganda, u Burundi, Zaire n’ahandi.

Ikindi avuga ko n’ubwo ubwo bwigenge bwari bwabonetse mu 1962, bitabujije bamwe mu Banyarwanda gukomeza gutotezwa no kubuzwa amahoro mu gihugu cyabo, bamwe bakicwa abandi bagakomeza guhunga igihugu.

Uyu avuga ko nko mu 1963 abanyarwanda bamwe bahunze, mu 1967 abandi barahunga mu gihe cy’ibitero by’inyenzi, mu 1973 mu ntambara yiswe iy’abanyeshuri nabwo abandi barahunga. Nyuma y’aho habaho ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryakozwe na Habyarimana Yuvenali muri Nyakanga 1973, we nibura atanga icyo yise ihumure, abatutsi ntibongera guhunga, ariko azana na politiki yiswe ‘politiki y’iringaniza’ igakoreshwa mu mashuri ariko mu myanya no mu kugena imyanya mu butegetsi hamwe na hamwe.

Munyankore Jean Baptiste w’imyaka 86, wabaye umwalimu mu mashuri abanza igihe kirekire kugeza agiye mu kihuko cy’izabukuru, we avuga ko ubwo bwigenge bwatanzwe ari umugabo wubatse, afite n’abana babiri, ariko kuri we nk’umwe mu banyarwanda bari baramaze gucirwa mu Bugesera baturutse mu Ruhengeri, ntiyigeze abona ubwo bwigenge nk’ikintu cyazanye impinduka nziza ku Banyarwanda bose.

Yagize ati, “ Ubwo bwigenge bwari bwarasabwe n’ Umwami Rudahigwa, ariko Ababirigi batinda kubutanga, hanyuma uko ibihe bigenda, baza kwemera kubutanga ariko ntibabutanze ku bushake bwabo, ahubwo babutanze bagamije gufatanya n’abahutu batumvikanye n’Umwami, kandi babaha ubwo bwigenge kugira ngo babafashe kuyobora u Rwanda. Ubwo bwigenge rero bivugwa ko batanze mu 1962, bwijihijwe n’abahutu n’ababirigi ubwabo, abatutsi ntabari bahari ngo babwizihize kuko bamwe muri bo bari abakuru b’amashyaka bari barishwe naho Umwami Kigeli IV Ndahindurwa wari wasimbuye Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa arahunga mu 1961”.

Yakomeje agira ati, “ Ubwo bwigenge bwashimishije bene bwo, abahutu bafashijwe n’Ababiligi , ariko abandi bo ntacyo byabamariye. Ariko uko u Rwanda rumeze ubu, birashimishije cyane, kuko impande zose z’Abanyarwanda barisanzuye mu gihugu cyabo, uretse bariya bahunze badashyigikiye iterambere dufite mu gihugu cyacu, ndetse bagahora bashaka kurihungabanya, naho abandi bo nta kibazo bafite n’abari mu mu mahanga ubu imipaka irafunguye ntawe babuza kugenda no kugaruka uko abishaka. Ubuyobozi dufite mu Rwanda bwazanye impinduka ibintu biba byiza, ubu turanezerewe”.

Mukasoroza Dorothee w’imyaka 84, nawe wabaye umwalimu mu mashuri abanza kugeza ageze mu myaka y’ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru, avuga ko ubwigenge bwabonetse kuko ntacyo byari bimaze mu rwego kugira ibyiza buzanira Abanyarwanda babwifuzaga.

Yagize ati, “ Nta bwigenge bwabonetse, habonetse iki se? Ntacyo byamaze kuko byari nk’ikitiriro gusa, kuko twarabanje tuba mu Ruhengeri turi abana, buracya batuzana mu Bugesera, hanyuma kubera ibibazo by’imibereho mibi byari bihari, abashoboye guhunga barahunga bajya mu mahanga, kugeza ejobundi Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ije imara abantu. Ariko iwacu iyo twavuye mu Ruhengeri ntihongeye kuba iwacu ukundi, hatwawe n’abandi. Kuva turi bato ibyiza twabonye byazanywe n’ubwo bwigenge, ndoye njyewe nsanga ntacyo bwatumariye, twakomeje kubwerabwera”.

Nkurunziza François wavutse mu 1953, akaba yarabaye umuyobozi mu nzego z’ibanze mu myaka myinshi, avuga ko ubwo bwigenge bwabayeho ageze mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri abanza, ariko inkubiri y’icyo bise ubwigenge, ngo yabanjirijwe n’icyo bise revolution yo muri 1959, ariko no guhera muri 1957 Abanyarwanda bamwe nka ba Gitera, Mbonyumutwa, Kayibanda n’abandi, ubundi batari bubyibwirize, ngo batangiye kuzana ibibazo by’amoko kandi bitari byarigeze bibaho mu Banyarwanda, kuko amoko y’Abayarwanda yari azwi kandi afite ibiyaranga, kuko niba hariho Abacyaba ubasanga mu Batutsi, mu Bahutu no mu Batwa.

Avuga ko icyateye ibyo byose,ni uko abakoroni babonye uko Afurika ibahindutse, ba Nyerere, ba Rwagasore, Patrice Lumumba n’abandi, babona Umwami w’u Rwanda nawe atangiye kugira ibitekerezo nk’ibyabo, rero batangira gushaka icyatanya Abanyarwanda kitari idini cyangwa ikindi, ahubwo bakoresha amoko kuko ari yo yakoroshya gutanya abanyarwanda, ariko bahera mu bize, harimo ba Kayibanda, bashyiraho ishirahamwe rizamura rubanda rugufi, nyuma nabyo babona ntibihagije, bashyiraho inyandiko yishwe manifeste des bahutu, nyuma bazana Parmehutu ishyaka rizamura Abahutu baryongera imbaraga.

Nkurunziza yagize ati, “ Ikintu cyose kigira imbarutso no muri 1959 bavuze ko Mbonyumutwa yakubitswe n’abasore b’Abatutsi, batangira ubwo batwikira abantu, abakoloni ntibagira icyo babivugaho, ahubwo abantu barahunga ari benshi bajya mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda, abandi baba impunzi mu gihugu bavanywe mu bice bitandukanye by’u Rwanda babeshywa ko bazasubizwayo imvururu zirangiye kandi ntibegeze basubizwayo”.

Yakomeje agira ati, “ Ba Gashakabuhake ni abahanga cyane, bamaze guteza imvururu, mu 1961, Umwami amaze gutanga undi ahunze, bahita bashyiraho Mbonyumutwa, nawe ntiyamara iminsi kuko batari babona uwo bashaka, u Rwanda bari barimye ubwigenge kuva cyera, babutanga mu 1962, kuko babonaga no mu bindi bihugu by’Afurika ariko bimeze, banga gukomeza guhangana n’igitutu cy’abashaka ubwigenge”.

Nkurunziza avuga ko bisa n’aho nta bwigenge bwabaye kuko ntacyo bwamariye Abanyarwanda, ahubwo ngo bwarabaryanishije, kuko n abitwagaga ngo bafite amahoro nta byiza babonaga kuko ntibigaga, bari mu bukene, n’ibindi. Akomeza asobanura ko Kayibanda yavanyweho no kuba yari atari mu murongo neza w’abakoloni bamusimbuza Habyarimana agendera mu murongo wabo uko babyifuzaga. Ubwigenge bwabaye ubw’izina gusa, n’ubw’impapuro , ariko nta bwigenge nyabwo abanyarwanda babonye ngo bavuge ko bacitse ku ngoma y’Abakoloni.

Yagize ati, “ Hari umugani njya ncira abantu, ‘umugabo utarakomeza urugo ntiyivumburira imboga zigaze’, Kayibanda na Habyarimana ntibigeze bashobora kuba abayobozi nyabo ngo babe bafata ibyemezo ku giti cyabo bigamije iterambere ry’igihugu, kuko bakoraga mu murongo w’ababiligi, kandi batashobora kubigizayo. Ubu nibura urabona ko impinduramatwara zarabaye, ubu Abanyarwanda barumva neza amateka yabo barumva icyo babuze, biga amateka yabo,.. Ku itariki 1 Nyakanga nzigira mu murima wanjye, ariko ku itariki 4 Nyakanga bwo nzajya kwizihiza uwo munsi hamwe n’abandi bose babona ko noneho habayeho kwibohora nyako”.

Ambasaderi Murashi Isaie nk’umushakashatsi, akaba n’umunyamateka wanditse n’ibitabo bitandukanye ku mateka y’u Rwanda, avuga ku bijyanye n’ubwigenge bwo mu 1962, yavuze ko ikibazo ari uko ababuharaniye atari bo babubonye.

Yagize ati, “ Kuko muri iriya myaka, cyari igihe cyo kurwanira ukwigenga kwa Afurika, mu Rwanda hari inama nkuru y’igihugu iyobowe n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, u Rwanda rwari indagizo y’Abibirigi kuko rwari rwarahoze rukoronezwa n’Abadage, bamaze gutsindwa, rujya mu maboko ya LONI, hanyuma Ababiligi bahabwa manda yo kuragira Congo-Belge bari basanzwe bakoroniza, kongeraho u Rwanda n’u Burundi, bikagengwa n’amategeko amwe, ariko mu 1957, Jean Paul Harroy wari Visi Guverineri w’umubiligi ushinzwe u Rwanda n’u Burundi, afite icyicaro mu Burundi,yakiriye inyandiko yasinyweho n’Umwami Rudahigwa ivuga ko u Rwanda rushaka ubwigenge, kuko byari binanditse mu mategeko ya LONI, Harroy ntiyayisubiza”.

Ambasaderi Murashi avuga ko Harroy yanze gusubiza iyo nyandiko yohererejwe n’abagize inama nkuru y’igihugu iyobowe n’Umwami Rudahigwa, ahubwo asaba Musenyeri Perrodin wakoreraga i Kabgayi, gusaba abantu 9 barimo Kayibanda Gregoire, Mbonyumutwa, Gitera n’abandi , gusinya inyandiko yiswe ‘manifeste des Bahutu’, ivuga ko abatutsi bakandamije abahutu, icyo gihe bahindura ikibazo cyo gusaba ubwigenge bakigira icy’amoko, Umwami Rudahigwa ngo avuga ko ibyo ari urwitwazo mu Rwanda nta kibazo cy’amoko gihari, kandi kuko yari Umwami ukunzwe n’Abanyarwanda, abo bakoroni bahise bihutira gushaka uko bamwica.

Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Amb.Murashi, Umwami Rudahigwa ngo yabwiye Harroy ko ashaka kujya i New York kureba Umunyamabanga mukuru wa LONI bakavugana ku kibazo cy’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda, Harroy amusaba kuza i Bujumbura bakabiganiraho. Umwami Rudahigwa yagiye aho i Bujumbura agiye kuganira na Harroy wari wamutumiye, ariko agiye no kwikingiza urukingo rwa ‘Fievre jaune’ mbere y’uko akora urwo rugendo yateganyaga kugirira i New York.

Gusa, Umwami Rudahigwa ageze i Bujumbura, ntiyahise abonana na Harroy wari wamutumiye, ahubwo mu gihe amutegereje ajya kureba umuganga wari usanzwe amuvura kugira ngo amuhe urwo rukingo, ariko uwo muganga ngo yari yasabwe na Harroy ko amutera urushinge rw’ingusho rukamwica.

Uwo muganga arakora ararumutera, Umwami Rudahigwa aratanga ku itariki 25 Nyakanga 1959, i Bujumbura, ariko mu gihe cyo gutabariza umugogo we, Abanyarwanda barimo uwitwa Rukeba Francois wari umucuruzi ukomeye, akaba n’inshuti ikomeye y’Umwami Rudahigwa ndetse n’Umwami Musinga, bavuga ko badashobora gutabariza umugogo w’Umwami barabona undi, kandi ko bidashoboka ko Abanyarwanda barara batabonye undi Mwami, ibyo byatumye ako kanya himikwa himikwa Umwami Kigeli IV Ndahindurwa, nubwo Harroy yari yabanje kubyanga.

Uwo Harroy yemeye ko Kigeli IV yima ingoma, abyemera atabyemeye, hashize amezi mecyeya, batangira gutwikira abatutsi bihereye i Kabgayi, Umupadiri witwa Duchamps ngo niwe wabanje gutwika, nyuma bikwira hose, ibibazo babihindura iby’amoko.

Icyo gihe, kandi bashyizeho amashyaka menshi kugira ngo ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU rya Kayibanda rikomere, mu gihe hari harabanje iryitwa UNAR, abenshi mu bagize UNAR barimo na Rukeba Francois barahunze, bahungira Tanzania bafashwa na Perezida Nyerere kugera muri LONI kugira ngo bagaragaze ikibazo cyabo, ariko abandi bahungira mu bindi bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda.

Abo bagiye gusaba ubwigenge, ngo baburanye n’Ababirigi, LONI itegeka ko abo barimo Rukeba, bagaruka mu Rwanda, hakabaho amatora ya kamarampaka yabaye ku itariki 25 Nzeri 1961, hagamijwe kureba niba Abanyarwanda bakunze Umwami cyangwa se Repubulika.

Gusa, Umwami Kigeli IV Ndahindurwa we yari yaroherejwe mu birori by’ubwigenge bwa Congo-Belge, hanyuma bamuheza hanze, Harroy asohora itangazo rivuga ko agomba kuguma mu mahanga kugeza igihe bazamwemera, kugaruka.

Mu gihe cy’ayo matora ya Kamarampaka, Umwami Kigeli IV Ndahindurwa ngo yaje nijoro, bamufatira i Nyamirambo bamusubiza i Bujumbura, muri ayo matora UNAR yabonye amajwi menshi nk’uko byagaragajwe na Gatwa Papias wari uhagarariye UNAR, ariko Ababiligi ngo bamufatiraho imbunda bamujyana i Bujumbura, icyo gihe amatora atsindwa na PARMEHUTU ya Kayibanda. Nk’uko byari biri mu itegeko rya LONI, yagennye ko u Rwanda n’u Burundi bihabwa ubwigenge ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, icyo gihe PARMEHUTU yisanga ifite byose mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi.

Amb. Murashi avuga ko mu by’ukuri nta bwigenge bwabayeho kuko n’ibyabaye byabaye mu nduru nyinshi Abatutsi babica hamwe n’abandi baharaniraga ubwigenge, kuko bafashe ikibazo cy’ababiligi n’abanyarwanda bakigira ikibazo cy’amoko.

Ni ubwigenge bwabaye ku izina gusa, kuko niko byavuzwe na LONI kandi ari ya yategekaga u Rwanda, ariko bwarabaye birukana igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda. Mu mategeko ni ubwigenge kuko habayeho kuzamura ibendera ry’u Rwanda no Repubulika, ariko abashakaga ubwo bwigenge bahinduka impunzi, abatarabushakaga baba ari babuhabwa.

Abo bahungiye mu bihugu bitandukanye nibo baje guhinduka inkotanyi barwanya ubutegetsi bubi bwagiyeho guhera icyo gihe cy’ubwigenge, kuko yaba ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda n’ubwa Habyarimana ntaho byari bitandukaniye cyane kuko n’ubundi hatagekaga Ababiligi kandi bafite Politiiki yo guheza abatutsi hanze n’abandi baharaniye ubwigenge. Amb.Murashi avuga ko iyo ari yo mpamvu mu Rwanda itariki ikomeye ari 4 Nyakanga, kubera ko ivuze kwibohora kuri ubwo butegetsi bubi.