Buri sosiyete ku isi igira Filozofiya yayo; abanyarwanda nabo, kuva ku bakurambere hari Filozofiya ibafasha kubaho mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Mujya mwumva bamwe mu Banyarwanda b’abahanga bagiye bagaragaza imyitwarire itangaje, ibyo mu mvugo y’ubu bita ‟udutendo, udukoryo”. Bamwe babafata nk’abataye umutwe, ariko abasobanukiwe bagakura isomo mu butumwa buherekeje imibereho n’imyitwarire yabo.

Byagaragaye ko imyifatire yabo itangaje ikubiyemo inyigisho zo kubahiriza igihe, kwiyoroshya, kugira amakenga, kwirinda kwigira inari jye, kubaha buri wese utitaye ku butunzi bwe cyangwa ku gihagararo, kubaha ikiremwa muntu utagendeye ku moko n’ibindi.

Abo bahanga n’ubwo bakagombye kubaho bubahwa kubera amashuri ahanitse bize, bo usanga batabiharanira, batanabishaka, ahubwo bahitamo kwiyambura icyubahiro bakaba mu buzima bw’insuzugurwa kubera imibereho isa n’iciriritse mu maso y’abantu.

Mu Rwanda, abakunze kuvugwa cyane ni Nayigiziki Xavier (Saverio), Mwarimu Muswahili Paulin, Musenyeri Alexis Kagame n’abandi.

Kajuga Jérôme, umuyobozi w’ishami ry’umuco, ubumenyi bw’imibereho n’imibanire y’abantu muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu ikorana na UNESCO akaba n’umwe mu bakoze ubushakashatsi kuri ubu bwenge bw’Abafilozofe agira ati ‟Abenshi bakunze kwibeshya babona umuntu ukoze ikintu cyo kwibazaho bati uyu ni umufilozofe, babona uwo ibibazo byarenze ugenda mu nzira yivugisha bati dore Umufirosife, nyamara iyo siyo Filosofiya”.

Kajuga avuga ko hari ibintu umuntu ashobora gukora agendeye ku buhanga, mu myandikire ye, imyemerere ye gutanga igitekerezo nta bwoba ibyo nabyo bikaba byakwitwa Filosofiya nk’uko Nayigiziki yari ateye. Ngo ntiyagiraga ubwoba bwo gutangaza ukuri kwe, kabone n’ubwo yakuzira.

Ngo mu bafilozofe bemewe kandi babyigiye, Musenyeri Alexis Kagame aza ku isonga haba mu Rwanda ndetse no muri Afurika, aho afatwa nk’umuhanga muri filozofiya.

Kajuga avuga ko ku rutonde rw’abafilosofe bakomeye muri Afurika, Mgr Alexis Kagame arugaragaraho, mu gihe Nayigiziki Xavier yakoraga ibyo nk’uburyo bwe yari yarahisemo bwo kubaho, nawe agafatwa nk’Umufilozofe.

Tumwe mu dukoryo twakozwe n’Abafilozofe mu Rwanda

Nayigiziki Xavier (Saverio) ni we mu filozofe ugaruka kenshi mu ntekerezo z’abanyarwanda. Azwi nk’umwami w’udushya n’udukoryo mu kugaragaza ibitekerezo n’inyigisho ze mu buryo abantu batamenyereye.

Uwo mugabo yavutse mu 1915 i Mbazi mu Karere Huye, ahahoze ari Butare, maze amashuri ye abanza ayigira i Save, hanyuma akomereza ayisumbuye muri Seminari nto ya Kabgayi ariko akora n’ubushakashatsi butandukanye, kandi yandika n’ibitabo by’inkuru ndende -Roman.

Nayigiziki yitabye Imana mu 1984 azize indwara.

Umwuzukuru wa Nayigiziki ari we Claire Gasamagera, avuga ko mu minsi ya nyuma uyu mugabo yari yaranze izina rye kuko ngo yumvaga rifite amaganya, ahitamo gukuramo ingombajwi ’y’ akandika Naigiziki. Niho uzabona mu nyandiko zimwe handitse Nayigiziki mu zindi ari Naigiziki.

Nayigiziki yateze rifuti ataha mu irimbi ahita iwe

Dr. Emmanuel Nsengiyumva, umuyobozi w’ishami nderabarezi mu ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi - ICK akaba yaranakoze ubushakashatsi ku munyabigwi Nayigiziki, avuga ko ibyo yakoraga abenshi babifataga nk’ubusazi bikarangira bibabereye inyigisho.

Dr. Nsengiyumva ati ‟Nayigiziki yari atuye i Cyarwa hafi ya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda. Umunsi umwe rero yari avuye ahitwa mu Matyazo yahaze agatama, yaka rifuti umugabo wari umunyuzeho atwaye imodoka, arahagarara, aramutwara. Bageze mu nzira aramubaza ati ndakugeza he? Ni bwo Nayigiziki yamurangiye ku irimbi rya Karubanda, bahageze atunga urutoki mu irimbi, ati ngaho iwanjye turahageze nsiga."

Ngo mu gihe uwari umuhaye rifuti akibyibazaho, Nayigiziki yaramubwiye ati ‟Kandi nawe wabishaka utabishaka aha ni iwawe, umenye ko aha ari iwabo wa twese”.

Dr. Nsengiyumva, avuga ko ikindi gihe Nayigiziki yatashye ubukwe bwabereye ahahoze ahitwa ku Ngoro i Huye, agenda yigize umuvumbyi, abakobwa bari muri serivise bamubonye n’uburyo yambaye inshabari bati ‟Ntiwinjira, bererekera abambaye neza, naho wowe w’inshabari wapi”.

Nyuma yo guhezwa, Nayigiziki yanyarukiye mu rugo yiyambura inshabari yambara costume maze agarutse bamwakira nk’umushyitsi w’imena.

Nsengiyumva yagize ati ‟ubwo bamaraga kumusuzugura, yasubiyeyo yambara neza maze agarutse bamusamira hejuru bamwicaza iruhande rw’abageni, bazana byeri bayimuhaye ati iyi byeri si iyanjye."

Arongera ati ‟Yafashe ya byeri ayiranguriza mu mifuka y’ikote arangije arisohokera, ati n’ubundi nzi kwisengerera, filozofiya yanyu ndayibonye muri ba Habanabakize."

Dr. Nsengiyumva avuga ko iyo mikorere ya Nayigiziki yatumaga abantu bamufata nk’umuntu uciriritse utuzuye, ariko bamwe bakabiha agaciro, ku buryo byahaye Nayigiziki ububasha bumugira Umufilozofe.

Ati ‟Nkeka ko ariho abantu bahera bamwita umufilozofe ariko mu bisobanuro bya Filozofiya sinibaza ko ari ko umuntu yamwita. Turebye ba Aristote, ba Platon n’abandi ntabwo yakabaye ajya mu Bafilozofe."

Nayigiziki bamwambuye umushahara bawuhaye umugore we ahagarika akazi

Claire Gasamagera umwuzukuru wa Nayigiziki yavuze indi nkuru itangaje ya sekuru, aho ngo yakoreraga Musenyeri Jean Baptiste Gahamanyi wa Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare.

Icyo gihe ariko, ngo haje kuzamuka ikirego giturutse ku mugore wa Nayigiziki ari we witwaga Isabelle. Uyu mubyeyi ngo abigiriwemo inama n’abana be, yagiye kurega Nayigiziki ku mukoresha we, ko asesagura umutungo w’urugo, awumarira mu nzoga n’abagore.

Ngo Musenyeri akimara kubyumva, yaramuhamagaye aramubwira ati ‟Nayigiziki, nzajya nguhemba igice cy’umushahara, ikindi ngihe umugore wawe. Aha ngo Nayigiziki yarabyemeye maze asubiza mu rurimi rw’igifatansa ati " D’accord" (ndabyemeye)”.

Gasamagera avuga ko ngo Isabelle yatashye abyina, igihe cyo guhembwa kigeze Nayigiziki ahembwa 1/2 cy’umushahara, nuko yigira inama yo gukora iminsi cumi n’itanu, maze indi cumi n’itanu isigaye arabura.

Aha, ngo yaba yarigiriye mu Bugesera mu rugo rwe, akomeza imirimo yo kwandika igitabo cye ku Nyoni. Mu kwandika, ngo yumvirizaga amajwi y’inyoni mu ishyamba maze akazigana. Icyo gihe cyose umukoresha we, ari we Musenyeli Gahamanyi yari yaramubuze.

Bigeze ku itariki ya mbere y’Ukwezi gukurikiraho, Nayigiziki yagarutse ku kazi, maze Musenyeri Gahamanyi akimukubita amaso amwakirana uburakari. Amubajije impamvu yataye akazi, Nayigiziki mu rurimi rw’igifaransa agira ati " tiens , Isabelle n’est pas venue au travail?”.

Aho rero, Musenyeri utaribukaga izina ry’umugore wa Nayigiziki yagize ati ‟Qui est Isabelle ?”, Nagiziki ati ‟Ma chere femme”, mu gihe Musenyeri akiri mu rujijo, Nayigiziki ati ‟Nakoze iminsi 15 mpembwa iminsi 15, nawe yagombaga gukora 15”.

Nayigiziki ahuye n’abasirikare saa munani z’ijoro yasinze

Kajuga Jérôme yemeza ko mu mibereho ya Nayigiziki yari umuntu wigenga (un homme libre), ku buryo ngo nta muntu wamushyiragaho igitutu. Ngo i Butare yabaga yigendera n’amaguru mu masaha yose ashakiye kuko nta wamukangaga.

Avuga ko n’ubwo Nayigiziki yigishaga mu Iseminari ya Karubanda afite abagore benshi kandi anywa inzoga uko abishaka, ntawabaga yatinyuka kumwirukana.

Ati ‟Nta muntu wamukangisha ngo ndakwirukana ku kazi, ntiwamubwira ngo ndagufunga cyangwa umubwire ngo ndakwica ntacyo byari bimutwaye. Yagiraga ati ubwo wowe ni uko ubyumva, nunyica se ndaba iki?”.

Mu gihe cya Nayigiziki, ngo nta mugabo wabaga yahakana inyito ya Milita. Umunsi rero, Nayigiziki yahuye n’abasirikare yasinze bamwise Milita ababwiza inani na rimwe.

Kajuga ati ‟Nayigiziki yari avuye kwinywera urwagwa, maze anyura imbere y’Ikigo cya Gisirikare saa munani z’ijoro, abasirikare baramureba bati uraho Militant, Nayigiziki ati ye?, ngo Militant? militare?, ntabwo ndi umuvuzampiri nkamwe."

Kajuga avuga ko ubusobanuro bw’ijambo Milita (militant) ari umuntu urwana, militare bikavuga intambara, ati ‟Kwanga kwitwa milita muri kiriya gihe kwari ugukora ibara."

Umudepite waboneye uruva gusenya kuri Nayigiziki

Kajuga avuga ko Nayigiziki atajyaga yiburira mu kazi kose yakoze, aho kera mu nteko Ishinga amatekeko abadepite bamwe babaga barize make, bagatorwa bagendeye cyane cyane ku barwanashyaka ba Parimehutu.

Ngo kubera ubumenyi buke bamwe mu badepite bashakaga ko ibyo bavuze byose bigaragazwa mu nyandiko mvugo yakozwe.

Umunsi umwe rero, Nayigiziki go yakoze inyandiko mvugo y’inama, ayisomye abadepite barasakuza ngo Nayigiziki yanditse nabi imyanzuro, ngo hari ibyo bavuze atanditse,. Nyamara we yari yakoze inshamake nk’umuntu ubifitemo ubuhanga.

Aha rero, abadepite bamuhaye amabwiriza agira ati"ugomba kwandika ikintu cyose kivuye mu kanwa ka buri mudepite, uko cyakabaye." Akimara guhabwa ayo mabwiriza, yarikirije ati ‟Ndabyemeye ba Nyakubahwa”.

Ntibwakeye kabiri, abadepite bajya kwiyakira, bajyana n’umwanditsi wabo Nayigiziki, maze mu gihe bafataga amafunguro umwe mu badepite agubwa nabi, araruka. Nayigiziki nk’umukozi mwiza kandi wumvira amabwiriza, yabyongeye mu nyandiko mvugo, maze igihe cyo gusoma raporo kiragera.

Nayigiziki ngo yaratangiye arasoma, arasomaaa, aza kugera kuri ya ngingo maze agira ati "kuri iyi saha Depite runaka arariye arahaga araruka, aruka ibishyimbo, aruka amashaza, aruka n’inyama z’inka…"

Agisoma ibyo ikibazo cyaravutse mu nteko bati ibi se kandi uzanye ni ibiki ko bidafite aho bihuriye n’inama”.

Nayigiziki ati ‟Ariko mwambwiye ko ikizava mu kanwa k’umudepite cyose nzajya ngishyira mu nyandiko mvugo”.

Nayigiziki yakoze inyandiko zitandukanye zirimo n’amakinamico

Abagiye bakurikirana amateka ya Nayigiziki, bavuga ko filozofiya ye yamufashije gutanga ubutumwa burwanya ivangura ry’amoko ryo mu 1959, abinyujije mu nyandiko ariko ubwo butumwa ntibwahabwa agaciro.

Nk’uko Dr. Nsengiyumva abivuga, ngo Nayigiziki yanditse inyandiko mu buryo bw’ikinamico yitwa L’Optimiste (Nayigiziki, S.J., L’Optimiste, Astrida, Groupe Scolaire d’Astrida (Frères de la Charité), 1954. ), ikubiyemo ubutumwa bukangurira Abanyarwanda kuba umwe.

Ati ‟Iyo kinamico yitwa l’Optimiste, harimo isomo rikomeye cyane, nk’abantu dukora icukumbura mu by’ubuvanganzo tuyibonamo Ndi Umunyarwanda y’ubu. Urumva mu gihe yayandikaga mu 1954-1955 hari ibibazo by’irondakoko mu Rwanda, Abahutu n’Abatutsi”.

Arongera ati ‟Ubundi uko Abanyarwanda batwitaga mu moko yacu y’ubuhutu n’ubututsi, Nayigiziki yari umuhutu, akaba wa muhutu mwiza cyane utarigeze wijandika mu macakubiri abandi bijanditsemo”.

Akomeza agira ati ‟mu myaka ye nk’urungano rwa Perezida Kayibanda, ngira ngo banavukiye rimwe mu 1915, ariko Nayigiziki ntiyigeze abona akazi muri Politike, yari umwarimu muri Seminari ya Karubanda kandi abo banyapolitike bose yabarushaga ubwenge”.

Dr. Nsengiyumva, avuga ko ubwo hashingwaga amashyaka menshi amwe aganisha ku bwoko, Nayigiziki yahisemo gushinga icyitwa la Concorde, ashaka inzira yo gutanga ibitekerezo bye biganisha ku bumwe, ubusabane no kubanisha abantu neza.

Ngo ni nabwo yanditse iyo kinamico yise L’Optimiste, agamije gushaka igisubizo cy’ibibazo biri hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi.

Ngo muri iyo kinamico, harimo inkuru y’abana babiri umwe witwaga Siliveri n’uwitwaga Monika, mu mukino bakaba abafiyanse, aho umuhungu yaturukaga mu bwoko bw’Abahutu umukobwa aturuka mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi.

Ati ‟Muri filozofiya ya Nayigiziki, yakoze iyo nyandiko avuga ati, abantu benshi bamaze kwandura bamwe baribonamo ubuhutu abandi ubututsi, ariko buriya umwana wavuka ku muhutu n’umututsi, yaba ari umunyarwanda, uwo niwe ukenewe. Aho niho yakuye umutwe w’uwo mwandiko l’Optimiste”.

Nk’uko Dr. Nsengiyumva abivuga, ngo ubwo buhanga bwo kubona ibintu agakumira mbere y’uko biba, niho bahera bavuga ko umwanditsi ari umuhanuzi, aho Nayigiziki mu bikorwa bye yashyiraga imbere Ndi Umunyarwanda mu myaka 60 ishize, none akaba ariyo tugenderaho ubu.

Nayigiziki ngo wakunze kwandika za Romans, aho mu kwereka abazungu ko abirabura bashoboye bitandukanye n’uko babikekaga, yanditse igitabo gifite umutwe ugira uti ’Mes transes à trente ans’ mu gice yise ’Un singe qui a avalé un Français’, cyasohotse mu 1955.

Nk’uko Dr. Nsengiyumva abivuga, iyo nyandiko yari igamije gutanga ubutumwa ku bazungu bakomezaga kwibaza uburyo Nayigiziki avuga neza igifaransa, bagatekereza ko yaba ari umufaransa yamize umuvugiramo.

Ati ‟Abazungu bamubonaga avuga neza igifaransa, bakwibaza uburyo bafata umwirabura nk’akaguge, bagatangara bakavuga bati siwe ubivuga, ahubwo ashobora kuba ari kuvugirwamo n’umuzungu yamize, bibaza ko ururimi rwabo bitaga igitangaza umwirabura atabasha kuruvuga neza”.

MENYA UMWANDITSI

Servilien Mutuyimana

Umunyamakuru

@ mutuyiserv

Reba inkuru zose nanditse ( 2075 )