Icyakora, nyuma y’imyaka 31, abagize ikipe yahaye igihugu umurongo gikomeza kubakiraho baracyahari, kandi bavuga inkuru y’u Rwanda nk’aho yabaye ejo.

Dr. Pierre Celestin Rwigema, ni umwe muri abo bahawe amahirwe yo gukorera igihugu mu nzego zitandukanye kuva Leta y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda itangira kubaka igihugu kizira amacakubiri, kandi giharanira iterambere ridaheza muri Nyakanga 1994.

Imwe mu nkuru Rwigema yibuka cyane mbere y’ivanwaho ry’ingoma y’igitugu mu Rwanda, ni abantu bamushyizeho igitutu, bashaka kumwaka imisanzu yo gushinga Radiyo RTLM, imwe mu bitangazamakuru byamenyekanye mu guhembera urwango rwavuyemo Jenoside yahitanye abatutsi barenga miliyoni mu 1994.

Agira ati “nayoboraga Icapiro ryitwa Printer Set. Ryari rifite abakozi barenga 150, maze baza kunsaba imisanzu mu kigo nayoboraga, ndabahakanira, ndababwira nti niba mushaka kuvanga ubucuruzi na Politiki jyewe ndabivamo.”

Aha rero ngo byatumye batangira kumurwanya, ariko igitutu bakomezaga kumushyiraho gituma na we yiyemeza kujya mu ishyaka, kugira ngo agaragaze ibitekerezo bye. Rwigema yahisemo kuba mu ruhande rushyigikiye ko hashyirwaho Guverinoma ihuriweho n’amashyaka menshi, harimo na FPR Inkotanyi.

Ibyo byatumye yangwa cyane n’ubutegetsi bwariho, arahigwa, ariko mu gihe cya Jenoside aza guhungira muri Hoteli Milles Collines, maze mu gihe cyo kugurana impunzi, akurikira RPF, kuva ubwo atangirana na yo urugendo atajya yicuza.

Abaminisitiri bagiye kurahira mu modoka za lift

U Rwanda rwizihiza isabukuru yo kwibohora kuwa kane Nyakanga, itariki igihugu cyose cyari kimaze kubohorwa ingoma y’urwango n’amacakubiri, yari imaze gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Kuwa 19 Nyakanga, ni bwo hashyizweho Guverinoma ihuriweho n’amashyaka menshi, nk’uko yari yaragenwe n’amasezerano ya Arusha, maze MDR nayo itoranya Rwigema nka Minisitiri w’Amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye muri iyo guverinoma. Icyakora, amashyaka yijanditse muri Jenoside ntiyashyizwemo.

Rwigema yibuka inkuru igaragaza ubukene bwariho, dore ko n’uwari usanzwe yishoboye ibyo yari afite byari byasahuwe, byatwitswe, cyangwa se yabitaye ahunga. Agira ati "nta wari ufite ikoti, nta wari ufite imodoka. Abasirikare nibo badufashije batujyana mu mujyi mu maduka yari arinzwe maze tugura amakoti, umuntu agafata rimwe, cyangwa abiri yo kujyana mu kurahira. Imodoka nazo, bagiye badushakira izari aho mu mujyi. Twese twarazibonye cyangwa n’utarayibonye mugenzi we akamutwara.”

Imodoka bahaye Rwigema yayigenzemo iminsi, hanyuma aza kuyisubiza.

Icyo gihe ngo bararahiye, batangira imirimo bafite ubushake. Ariko basanga umwanda mwinshi cyane aho bagombaga kujya gukorera.

Yagize ati “Ibirahure byari byaramenaguritse, mu biro huzuyemo umwanda mwinshi, harimo za condoms kuko bahasambanyirizaga abagore...ibintu byose ari umwanda ukirwanaho ngo byibuze ubone aho wicara. Abakozi bari bafite gukunda igihugu guhambaye. Wibuke ko twagiye kurahira tubona imbwa zikiri kurya abishwe muri Jenoside.”

Mu kazi, ngo batangiye bashakisha abakozi, ku buryo na Minisitiri ubwe atagiraga umunyamabanga. Agira ati “ibyo by’abanyamabanga ni ibya vuba, kuvuga ngo urashaka uguhereza amazi ntibyabagaho. Warayitwazaga.”

Iki gihe rero, ihurizo rya mbere Rwigema yari afite, ni ukongera gufungura amashuri agatangira. Nyamara, ku ruhande rumwe ngo nta ntebe zari zihari kuko abavanywe mu byabo n’intambara bari barazimaze bazitekesha ibyo kurya, ndetse n’ibitabo barabikongeje.

Ku rundi ruhande, ngo hari ibice bitarimo abantu, bari bahunze, ku buryo gutangiza amashuri mu gihugu cyose icyarimwe bitari gukunda.

Rwigema agira ati “Gushyira itangazo kuri Radiyo rigira riti: amashuri yose mu gihugu natangire, ntibyari gushoboka.”

Muri Nzeli 1994, ni bwo Rwigema yasabye guverinoma ko imwemerera agatangiza amashuri, ariko agira ati “twabanje kugundagurana n’icyo gitecyerezo, bamwe babona ko bidashoboka, kandi koko ntibyari byoroshye. Hari ikibazo cyo kurwana n’abacengezi, hari za mine zitabye hirya no hino, tugatinya ko zazasimbukana abana.”

Icyo gihe ikintu kitaburaga mu nama y’Abaminisitiri, ngo ni ingingo irebana n’amahoro n’umutekano, ku mwanya wa kabiri hazaho ibijyanye n’uburyo Minisiteri zagombaga gukora, hakurikiraho ibijyanye n’uburezi.

Mu nama yabanje babiganiriyeho, ariko birangira nta mwanzuro bafashe, nuko barabisubika babishyira mu nama ikurikira. Icyo gihe na bwo Rwigema azana icyifuzo ko batangiza amashuri.

Icyo gihe nabwo ngo impaka zaravutse, ariko Perezida Paul Kagame wari visi perezida icyo gihe, asaba ko bamuha amahirwe akagerageza.

Agira ati “icyo gihe nyakubahwa Paul Kagame yarababwiye ati jyewe ntangira urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, sinari nzi ko uyu munsi nzaba ndi visi perezida. None, na Rwigema mumuhe amahirwe agerageze, ibizakunda bikunde, ibinaniranye tuzamushyigikire.”

Kiliziya Gatolika yanditse urwandiko iti ‘turabyanze’

Rwigema amaze guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gutegura itangira ry’amashuri, yahamagaye abafatanyabikorwa mu burezi, barimo Kiriziya Gatolika, Abaporotestanti, Aba Islam n’ab’ibigo byigenga, barahura bamara amasaha atanu bajya impaka.

Agira ati “icyo gihe Musenyeri Wenceslas Karibushi yaje afite ibaruwa yateguwe n’inama y’Abasenyeri ivuga ko batemera itangira ry’amashuri kuko bidashoboka.”

Ingingo bashingiragaho ni ukuvuga ko batamenya uburyo bakwigisha abana bavuye Kenya na Uganda muri gahunda y’Icyongereza, ndetse na Burundi na Congo bavuga igifaransa, muri Tanzaniya mu Giswahili, mu gihe mu Rwanda hakoreshwaga Ikinyarwanda.

Icyo gihe ariko nyuma y’ibisobanuro n’ibitekerezo, Musenyeri Karibushi yavuze ko banyuzwe, ko bazamushyigikira, nuko Rwigema yumvise ko ashyigikiwe, ahita ashaka uburyo yatangira maze ahera Ruhengeli.

Kagiraneza Deus, wari Perefe wa Ruhengeli ni we wamwakiriye, maze bahana gahunda ko yakoresha abarimu bahari, akongeramo abanyeshuri bari mu mwaka usoza ayisumbuye, bakigisha, kuko na mbere habaga uburezi bw’aba A3 kandi bigakunda.

Bakomereje Byumba, afashwa na Perefe Col. Lizinde, ndetse na Musenyeri Serveliyani Nzakamwita, naho I Kibungo ahasanga Protais Musoni na Musenyeli Frederic Rubwejanga bose bakira igitecyerezo cyo gutangiza ishuri.

Amaze kurangiza aho hose, yahise ajya muri Gitarama, ajya Ruhango avugana n’umusirikare wahayaboraga, n’umugenzuzi w’Amashuri(Inspecteur d’arrondissement) witwaga Hategeka, nabo bemera kuzamufasha.

Amaze kuvugana n’abayobozi mu maperefegitura, Rwigema yahise ajya mu miryango itari iya Leta harimo UNICEF, GIZ, maze nabo abasaba inkunga yo kugira ngo amashuri abone uko atangira, baramwemerera.

Bamwe bahise batangira, bemerera na Minisitiri gufasha abarimu babaha ibyo kurya, birimo amavuta, umuceri, akawunga, n’ibindi.

Ruhengeri ibimburira abandi gutangiza amashuri

Nyuma y’uru rugendo rwo gutegura itangira ry’amashuri, hakurikiyeho gufungura imiryango, maze Rwigema arongera anyura aho yari yatangiriye mu Ruhengeri, bafungura amashuri.

Kagiraneza ubu usigaye yikorera, yatubwiye ko ibirori byo gufungura ishuri byabereye mu Gahunga k’Abarashi, mu Karere ka Burera, ariko naho ngo ntibyari byoroshye.

Agira ati: Mu Gahunga abacengezi baduteze Mines ngo icyo gikorwa gipfube...Ariko nari maze amezi macye mvuye mu myitozo ya RPA COMMANDOS baza kunyongera ho Course of Mining and demining...Naragiye utwo twose bateze,ndadutegura,ndadutahana mu modoka yanjye."

Rwigema agira ati “Byari ibirori bikomeye cyane byahuruje imbaga, n’abanyamakuru baza kureba uko amashuri atangira. Hari muri Nzeli 1994. Cyari igikorwa cya mbere gikomeye cya Guverinoma, kandi abantu babonaga ko bidashoboka. Ibigo bitatu byaratangiye, bakora akarasisi turareba, maze bucyeye tujya I Byumba, na Kibungo, nyuma dukomereza I Gitarama maze inkuru irasakara ngo ya Guverinoma itaramara n’amezi abiri yatangije amashuri. Bwarakeye njya mu nama ya guverinoma maze uwo munsi abaminisitiri barishima. Nta kindi twavuze uretse iby’itangira ry’amashuri.”

Aha rero, bwarakeye Rwigema ajya mu Bufaransa gusaba inkunga, maze Abafaransa bohereza indege ebyiri z’ibikoresho by’ishuri, amashuri agenda atangira gutyo.

Amaze gutangiza amashuri abanza, yakomereje ku mashuri yisumbuye, maze bakora isuzuma ryo kumenya aho buri munyeshuri yari agereje. Rwigema nabwo yibuka ko iki gihe yari ahanganye n’abashaka kujijisha, aho agira ati “hari abanyeshuri bashakaga kugira ngo bazafate diplome nk’abazitoragura, uwarangije uwa kane agashaka kujya mu wa gatandatu.”

Rwigema yemera ko icyo gihe impamyabumenyi zari zaratakaye, izindi zarahiye, ariko babakoresha ibizamini kugira ngo bamenye aho bafatira.

Ikindi cyagoranye ni uguhuza porogaramu z’abanyeshuri bize mu bihugu bitandukanye bakaba bari baje gukomereza mu Rwanda.

Uretse Ikinyarwanda, abanyeshuri bagombaga kwiga mu ndimi z’amahanga zirimo Icyongereza n’Igifaransa, ku buryo byasabye Rwigema gushyiraho amahugurwa y’igihe gito agenewe Abarimu, ubusanzwe bigishaga mu Gifaransa.

Yongeraho kandi ati “byabaye ngombwa ko njya Uganda maze nganira na Minisitiri waho w’Uburezi Col. Amanya Mushega, maze aduha abarimu ngo bahugure abantu mu Cyongereza.”

Agira ati “byari bikomeye cyane, byaratuvunnye, ariko byageze aho birakunda, kandi byatumye Guverinoma irushaho kugirirwa ikizere. Uko nabikoze icyo gihe uwabinsubizamo uyu munsi sinabishobora. Nyuma ya Jenoside, gukura ababyeyi mu gihirahiro, ugakura abana mu kwiheba, ukabaha icyizere cy’ubuzima, ni ikintu cyiza cyane.”

Mu kwigisha Igifaransa n’Icyongereza, Rwigema yumvaga ko ari gushyira u Rwanda ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ariko ngo yaje gutungurwa no kumva hari abaminisitiri bamukurikiye bagiye bakuramo ururimi rumwe, abandi bakarugarura, bigahora bigundagurana.

Rwigema yarakomeje akurikira iby’uburezi na nyuma yo kugirwa Minisitiri w’intebe kuwa 30 Kanama 1995, aho yari asimbuye Faustin Twagiramungu, naho we asimburwa na Ngirabanzi Laurien wakomereje aho yari agereje.

Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda, umushahara wa mbere

Muri ibi bihe byose, Dr. Rwigema avuga ko nta mukozi wakoreraga umushahara, uretse ko bahabwaga ibyo kurya, buri mukoresha akamenya ibyo abakozi bo mu kigo ayobora bakeneye.

Icyo gihe, ngo hariho imiryango itagengwa na Leta yasukaga amatoni n’amatoni y’ibiryo, icyakora ngo nyuma yaje kuzamo akajagari Leta y’u Rwanda imwe muri yo irayihagarika.

Aha ni naho avuga ati “icyo gihe ndi Minisitiri w’Uburezi sinigeze mpembwa umushahara. Nta mafaranga yari ahari bari barayasahuye, yewe na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda nta yari ihari.”

Nyuma rero mu 1995, habaye icyo bise round table, yarimo Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’Imari, ndetse n’abandi baterankunga, iyobowe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe iterambere, PNUD I Geneve mu Busuwisi.

Icyo gihe PNUD yari iyobowe na Johnson Sirleaf wigeze kuba Perezida wa Liberia. Mu ntangiriro za 1995 ni bwo yabaye, igira ibyo yemerera u Rwanda, ndetse haza kongera kuba iya kabiri mu mpera z’uwo mwaka, bareba uburyo ibyari byemejwe byashyizwe mu bikorwa.

Rwigema yibuka ko yajyanye n’abaminisitiri umunani, maze muri iyo nama hakava inkunga yatumye Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda yongera gufungura imiryango.

Agira ati “inoti mukoresha uyu munsi zatangiye kujyaho icyo gihe. Kugeza muri kiriya gihe abantu ntibahembwaga. Ukuntu babagaho ni Imana.”

Ibiganiro byo mu Rugwiro: Ntabwo yari inama yo guseka

Hamwe n’ibibazo byose byagendaga bigaragara mu nzego zose z’imirimo, Guverinoma yabonye ko igomba gushyiraho umurongo uhamye w’imiyoborere mishya, ibereye u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda.

Rwigema asanga iyo hadashyirwaho amahame agomba kubahirizwa n’inzego zose z’ubuyobozi, igihugu cyari gusenyuka. Ayo mahame remezo, imirongo migari y’imiyoborere yashyizweho kandi buri munyarwanda agomba kuyubahiriza.

Ibi biganiro byarimo abantu b’ingeri nyinshi, uhereye no mu bari bavuye muri Leta ya Habyarimana batijanditse muri Jenoside. Rwigema yibuka ko harimo n’abigeze gukorana na Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana nk’abiswe les camarades du 5 Juillet.

Aha ngo harimo n’abigeze mu mashyaka ya cyera nka l”UNAR, hagamijwe kubabaza uko bumva igihugu cyahabwa umurongo, bahereye ku mateka cyanyuzemo, kugira ngo bose bagire imyumvire imwe.

Aha Rwigema yagize ati “twaravuze, duterana amagambo, urwanga ruraturenga."

Bari barihaye umunsi mu cyumweru kuva Werurwe 1998, kugera Gicurasi 1999. Aho wasangaga RPF Inkotanyi ikurikira ikandika, ndetse n’abakozi ba Minisitiri w’Intebe bakandika.

Intumbero y’u Rwanda ya 2020, uruhare rw’amashyaka menshi, itegeko nshinga, kwegereza ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi abaturage, n’ibindi, ni aho byaganiriwe.

Twageze ku bya Gacaca impaka zirakomera

Muri ibi byose, Dr. Rwigema avuga ko nta ngingo n’imwe yari yoroshye. Bageze ku bijyanye no gushyiraho inkiko Gacaca zagombaga gucira abakoze ibyaha bya Jenoside imanza, birushaho gukomera, babura umurongo kuko ngo imanza zari imbere yabo zashoboraga kumara imyaka magana abiri zitararangira.

Agira ati “jyewe ubwanjye nageze aho ndahaguruka njya mu Budage no mu Buholandi gushakisha uburyo badufasha ngo iki kibazo tugikemure. Mu Budage barambwiye bati n’ubwo twabaha abacamanza, ntacyo byamara.”

Aha kandi kuri iki gitecyerezo ngo “wabonaga abantu barebana ay’ingwe, abantu bajya kunywa ka cyayi ukabona bamwe bari hariya abandi hariya. Ntabwo yari inama yo guseka.”

Icyakora, iyi ngingo yasigiye u Rwanda umwanzuro y’uko abanyarwanda bagomba gukemura ibibazo biciye mu biganiro, political dialogue.

Unity Club, Ndi Umunyarwanda

Mu gihe cye, ikindi kintu abona cyakomeje gutuma u Rwanda runzanzahuka, ni umuryango wa Unity Club washinzwe na Madame Jeannette Kagame, umufasha wa Perezida wa Repuburika Paul Kagame, uhuriwemo abayobozi.

Agira ati “Unity Club, ari nayo yatumye habaho gahunda ya Ndi Umunyarwanda, ndetse ikanashimira Abarinzi b’Igihango, yagize akamaro gakomeye mu kuzahura iki gihugu.
Rwigema yishimira ko mu gihe nka kiriya, yakoranye n’abandi bayobozi mu guha igihugu ituze, aho ngo wasangaga ajya ibihe na visi perezida w’icyo gihe, ari na we wabaye Perezida wa Repuburika Paul Kagame.

Yibuka ko icyo gihe, Kagame yashoboraga kujya Ruhengeri, we akajya Rubavu, hashira icyumweru bakagurana. Aho bajyaga ni ko babaga bahanganye n’abacengezi bahungabanyaga umutekano muri za Gitarama n’ahandi.

Perezida Jacques Chirac ashaka kwirukana u Rwanda muri Francophonie

Hagati aho, Rwigema yibuka ukuntu mu wa 1995, muri Guinee bashatse kwirukana u Rwanda muri Francophonie.

Muri yo nama Rwigema yari yitabiriye n’abo yari ayoboye, Perezida Chirac w’u Bufaransa ngo yatutse abayobozi b’u Rwanda, asoza avuga ngo u Rwanda rukurwe muri Francophonie ngo kuko rutavuga Igifaransa.

Abari aho bamushubije mu gifaransa cyiza bamubaza impamvu yumva u Rwanda rwasezererwa nk’aho yigeze yumva babasemurira ariko banamubwira ko gutuka abayobozi b’u Rwanda atari ikintu cyari gikwiye kwihanganirwa.

Icyo gihe abari aho, barimo ba Perezida Omar Bongo, na Nyasingmbe Eyadema ngo bakuranwe ijambo nabo bahagurukira abahagarariye u Rwanda ngo bahangaye gusubiza Perezida Chirac.

Rwigema ati “Alpha Omar Konare wa Mali ni we wadushyigikiye, abwira Chirac ko akwiye kudusaba imbabazi kuko yatutse u Rwanda. Arangije Jean Chretien wari Minisitiri w’intebe wa Canada, ndetse n’umuyobozi mu Bubiligi, Madame Laurette Onkelinx bose baradushyikira, hashyirwaho komite, itora umwanzuro ko u Rwanda ruguma muri Francophonie.”

Rwigema yabaye Minisitiri w;intebe kuva muri Kanama 1995 kugera muri Gashyantare 2000.

Amafoto ya Dr. Rwigema yafotowe na Eric Ruzindana/Kigali Today