Ni mbere ho umwaka umwe ugereranyije n’igihe Igihugu cyari cyariyemeje kugera kuri iyo ntego, kuko muri Gicurasi 2020 ari bwo Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije yari yatangaje ko iyo 38% ingana na toni miliyoni 4.6 z’imyuka ya ‘dioxyde de carbone’ izaba yagabanyijwe mu 2030.

Ibyo bijyanye na gahunda y’Igihugu ishingiye ku masezerano mpuzamahanga y’i Paris (Paris Agreement), yo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no guteza imbere ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije.

Ayo masezerano yemejwe mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2015, u Rwanda ruyasinya muri Nzeri 2016, afite intego nyamukuru yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku buryo ubushyuhe bw’Isi butarenga degrés Celsius 2, bikaba akarusho bubaye munsi ya degrés Celsius 1,5.

Gusa impungenge zikomeje kuba nyinshi bitewe n’uko ibihugu byinshi byananiwe kugera ku ntego byihaye, yo kugabanya ingano y’imyuka yanduza ikirere byohereza, bigatuma ubushyuhe bw’Isi bukomeza kwiyongera.

Nk’urugero, ibipimo by’ubushyuhe byafashwe byerekana ko 2023 ari wo mwaka Isi yagize ubushyuhe buri hejuru kuva mu 1850, aho impuzandengo yabwo yageze kuri degrés Celsius 1.45.

Guverinoma ivuga ko kugira ngo intego yo kugabanya 38% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere izagerweho mu myaka itanu iri imbere, bimwe mu by’ingenzi bizakorwa harimo kongera ubushobozi bwo gutanga integuza, gusubiranya ibyogogo byangiritse, hamwe no kunoza imicungire y’ibishanga n’iy’amashyamba hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

Hakubiyemo no kongera ibiti bya gakondo hamwe n’ibyihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ibivangwa n’imyaka ndetse n’ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa. Ibyo bizongerwaho kwegereza abaturage ingemwe z’ibiti.

Mu rwego rwo gukomeza gushaka ibisubizo byatuma iyo ntego igerwaho, mu bagize guverinoma nshya yashyizweho kuwa 24 Nyakanga 2025, Perezida Kagame yagize Dr. Bernadette Arakwiye Minisitiri w’ibidukikije wasimbuye Dr. Valentine Uwamariya.

Bimwe mu bimutegereje nta kabuza ko harimo gukomeza guhangana no gushaka ibisubizo, bizafasha mu kugera ku ntego yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero nibura cya 38% bitarenze 2029.

Ikibazo cy’imyuka ihumanya ikirere gihangayikishije ku ruhe rugero?

Umwuka abantu bahumeka mu Rwanda wanduye ku gipimo cyikubye inshuro eshanu y’ikigenwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima, bituma indwara z’ubuhumekero ziterwa n’umwuka wanduye ziza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu zihitana abantu benshi.

Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije, REMA, gisobanura ko umwuka wo mu Rwanda ugaragaramo utuvungunyukira twa PM2.5.

Ikinyaburatabire cya PM2.5 kiva mu binyabiziga, kigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu. Utu tunyabutabire tutagaragarira ijisho, iyo umuntu aduhumetse tugera mu bihaha no mu miyoboro y’amaraso, bigatera indwara z’ubuhumekero n’iz’umutima.

Ibi biri mu bikomeje gutuma indwara zibasira imyanya y’ubuhumekero zikomeje kwiyongera, aho ubu mu Rwanda habarwa abantu ibihumbi 16 bakurikiranwa buri munsi, barwaye Asthma.

Mu mpamvu zituma uwo mwuka wanduye ukomeza kuzamuka cyane, ahanini ni ibinyabiziga bititaweho, bisohora imyuka ihumanya. Ubusanzwe, ibinyabiziga bisohora umwuka uhumanya urenze garama imwe ku kilometero, biri mu bikomeje gutera ikibazo.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu Rwanda, moto zihariye 47% mu binyabiziga bisohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ari nabyo byatumye hatangira gushyirwaho ingamba zo gushishikariza abantu gukoresha moto zidakoresha lisansi ahubwo zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Ibindi bituma umwuka uhumana bitari ibinyabiziga, ni imashini zikoreshwa mu gutunganya amashanyarazi n’ibindi nko gutwika nyiramugengeri cyangwa amakara. Ibyo byiyongeraho inganda, kandi nazo zikomeje kuzamuka cyane mu Rwanda.

Urubuga rwa REMA rugaragaza uburyo umwuka wo mu Rwanda uba umeze, inshuro nyinshi, cyane ku masaha yo ku manywa mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ruba rwerekana ko hari umwuka utari mwiza ushobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu bafite intege nke nk’abana bato cyangwa abagore batwite.

Icyizere cyo kugera ku ntego Igihugu cyihaye kirangana iki?

Muri rusange Miliyari 11$ ni yo asabwa kugira ngo iyo ntego izagerweho, aho u Rwanda ruzishakamo 40% naho 60% agaturuka mu nkunga. Arimo Miliyari 5.3$ agenewe guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’iyangirika ry’ikirere zamaze kubaho, na Miliyari 5.7$ agenewe gushyiraho ingamba zikumira iyangirika ry’ikirere.

Mu kwezi Kwakira 2024, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN), yamuritse gahunda nshya igamije kwihutisha ishoramari mu bikorwa byo kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije, [Climate and Nature Finance Strategy- CNFS].

Ugendeye ku bunararibonye bwe, nta washidikanya ko Minisitiri Dr. Bernadette Arakwiye, ari amahitamo meza kuri Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije, kuko uretse kuba afite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga mu Bumenyi bw’Isi yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Clark muri Amerika, iy’icyiciro cya gatatu mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije yakuye muri Antioch University, ishami rya New England.

Dr. Arakwiye yari amaze imyaka icyenda akorera Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (World Resource Institute (WRI).

Kuva mu 2023 yari umuyobozi ushinzwe imishinga yo kuzahura ubutaka bwangiritse muri Afurika muri WRI.

Mbere yo kujya muri WRI, yakoze ubushakakashi butandukanye ku miterere y’ubutaka bwo muri Afurika, akorana n’ikigo Conservation International kibungabunga ibidukikije muri Amerika.

Yanabaye umushakashatsi wungirije mu kigo Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, cyita ku buzima bw’ingagi zo mu birunga mu Rwanda.