Ibi biri mu bizibandwaho muri Gahunda nshya y’Iterambere ry’Urwego rw’Imari (Financial Sector Development Strategy 2025–2030), iri gutangarizwa mu nama ihuje abayobozi b’amabanki n’abashinzwe politiki z’imari i Kigali.

Iyo gahunda nshya igamije guhindura isura y’urwego rw’amabanki binyuze mu kugabanya ubukungu bwihariwe n’amabanki macye manini, kugabanya igiciro cy’inguzanyo, no korohereza abaturage kubona inguzanyo zidahenze.

Amabanki Yinjiza Menshi Ariko Bidatewe n’Udushya

Raporo yateguwe yagaragaje ko amabanki y’u Rwanda ari mu yinjiza inyungu nyinshi muri Afurika, ariko amafaranga binjiza akomoka cyane ku kinyuranyo kinini hagati y’inyungu yakwa umukiriya ku nguzanyo n’itangwa ku kwizigamira, aho kuba ku mikorere inoze cyangwa udushya mu by’imari.

Urwego rw’amabanki mu Rwanda rugizwe n’amabanki 11 yemewe na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR), arimo ayo abanyamahanga bashoyemo imari, aya Leta, na Koperative y’ikigo cy’imari.

Muri ayo, amabanki umunani (8) ni ay’abikorera b’abanyamahanga barimo Access, BOA, BPR, Ecobank, Equity, Guaranty, I&M, na NCBA; yinjiza ubumenyi n’imari mpuzamahanga mu isoko ry’u Rwanda.

Banki ya Kigali (BK) na Banki y’Iterambere y’u Rwanda (BRD) ni amabanki abiri ya Leta, akora nk’inkingi ya mwamba mu gutera inkunga imishinga y’iterambere. Zigama CSS, yo ni ikigo cy’Imari, ikaba ishingiye ku banyamuryango bo mu nzego z’umutekano.

Abanyamahanga Bafite 51% by’Ubukungu w’Amabanki

Mu bijyanye n’imari, abanyamahanga ni bo bafite ijambo rinini, kuko bafite 51% by’umutungo wose w’urwego rw’amabanki. Leta ibinyujije muri BK na BRD igumana 37%, naho Zigama CSS ikagira 11%.

Ibi bituma ubusumbane bugabanuka: ku ruhande rumwe, amabanki y’abanyamahanga atanga ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ikanahuza u Rwanda n’akarere, naho ku rundi Leta igafasha ishoramari riteza imbere inganda, ibikorwa remezo n’izigendanye no kubaka inzu.

Inyungu Nyinshi, Abakiriya bahendwa

Raporo igaragaza ko amabanki y’u Rwanda afite Return on Equity (ROE) ingana na 25%, ibarwa nk’inyungu nyinshi inshuro ebyiri kurusha impuzandengo y’isi.

Nyamara iyo nyungu ntituruka ku mikorere myiza, ahubwo ku kinyuranyo kinini kiri hagati y’inyungu z’inguzanyo n’izo ku kwizigama, bituma abantu batizigamira kandi bigahenda kubona inguzanyo.

Nubwo yinjiza menshi, amabanki y’u Rwanda ni amwe mu yahenda kuyobora mu karere, aho ikiguzi cy’imikorere kingana na 3.84% by’umutungo, hejuru y’impuzandengo ya Afurika ya 3.6%.

Byatewe ahanini n’uko banki nyinshi zikiri gukoresha uburyo bwa kera, bw’imirimo ikorwa intoki, amafaranga mu ntoki n’impapuro nyinshi, mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byamaze kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imari rikoresha murandasi.

Ibi bituma ibikorwa byose bya buri munsi — kubitsa, kubikuza cyangwa gufata inguzanyo — bihenda banki, abakiriya bakaba ari bo bishyura icyo kiguzi.

U Rwanda Ruracyakoresha ihererekanya ry’amafaranga mu Ntoki

Nubwo igihugu gifite izina mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga, raporo yerekana ko u Rwanda rukiri igihugu gikoresha amafaranga mu ntoki cyane.

Hagati ya 2018 na 2024, amafaranga ari mu ntoki yiyongereyeho 76%, naho ayakurwa muri Banki Nkuru yiyongeraho 94%, bigaragaza ko abantu benshi bakura amafaranga muri banki aho kuyabitsa.

Ibi ni ikibazo gikomeye ku bukungu bushaka kuba bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, kuko gukoresha amafaranga mu ntoki bihenda kandi bikarangwa n’ibyago no gusesagura.

Amabanki acungira ku nguzanyo gusa

Raporo igaragaza ko ¾ by’amafaranga yinjizwa n’amabanki mu Rwanda akomoka ku nyungu z’inguzanyo, naho 25% gusa ava ku zindi serivisi nka transfers, trade finance cyangwa commissions.

Mu bihugu byateye imbere, urwo rugero ruba rungana, bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bishya n’ubukungu bwa digital. Ibi bigaragaza ko amabanki y’u Rwanda ataragira ihinduka mu mikorere — akomeje kungukira cyane ku nguzanyo.

Ubuhinzi Burirengagizwa

Raporo inagaragaza ko ubuhinzi bwibagiranye mu nguzanyo z’amabanki, nyamara ari rwo rwego rukoreramo hafi 40% by’Abanyarwanda.

1% gusa y’inguzanyo zitangwa na banki ni zo zigera ku rwego rw’ubuhinzi, mu gihe ari rwo rufasha abaturage mu iterambere ry’icyaro.

Leta ivuga ko kwibanda ku nguzanyo zijya mu mijyi, cyane cyane mu bwubatsi n’ubucuruzi, byongereye ubusumbane mu bukungu kandi bikadindiza iterambere ry’icyaro.

Amabanki Atatu yihariye 80% by’Isoko

Urwego rw’amabanki mu Rwanda rugaragaza ko isoko rigenzurwa n’amabanki atatu gusa ariyo Banki ya Kigali, Equity Bank na I&M Bank — afite hafi 80% by’inguzanyo n’inyungu zose.

Ibi bituma ayo mabanki makuru ashyiraho inyungu z’inguzanyo uko abyifuza, mu gihe andi mabanki mato n’abakiriya batagira amahitamo.

Gahunda Nshya Itegerejweho Impinduka

Leta ivuga ko iyi gahunda nshya igamije gufungura urwego rw’amabanki binyuze mu kwemerera amabanki mashya ya digital, gushyigikira ibigo bya fintech, no kongera ihangana mu rwego rw’imari, kandi inyungu y’umukiriya ikaba ari yo ishyirwa imbere kurusha inyungu ya Banki.

Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, leta izibanda ku Kugabanya ikinyuranyo cy’inyungu ku nguzanyo n’izo kwizigama, Kongera inguzanyo zijya mu by’ubucuruzi biteza imbere umusaruro, Kugabanya ihererekanywa ry’amafaranga mu ntoki, Guteza imbere ubukungu bwa digital bushingiye ku guhanga udushya.

Iyi gahunda yitezweho gufasha u Rwanda kuva mu buryo bw’amabanki yikungahaza, igashyiraho urwego rw’imari rukorera abaturage n’abacuruzi, rugamije gufasha igihugu kugera ku bukungu buciriritse (middle income) bitarenze 2035.