Mu nama mpuzamahanga ku bya Nikeleyeri Nuclear Energy Innovation Summit on Africa (NEISA) 2026, abayobozi bagaragaje gahunda ihuza umushinga w’u Rwanda wo gukoresha indanda ntoya za Nikeleyeri - small modular reactors (SMRs) n’iterambere ry’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, inganda, ubwenge buhangano (AI), ndetse n’uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Mu kiganiro kibanze ku isoko ry’ingufu n’ikoreshwa rya Nikeleyeri, Minisitiri w’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo, Paula Ingabire, yavuze ko u Rwanda rutifuza gukomeza kuba gusa rutanga ibikoresho fatizo mu bukungu bw’isi bwihuta cyane guhinduka.

Yavuze ko ingufu za Nikeleyeri ari ingenzi mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihe kirekire cy’igihugu, cyane cyane ko isi igenda ishingira cyane ku ikoranabuhanga rikeneye ingufu nyinshi nk’AI, inganda zigezweho, ndetse no gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro.

Yagize ati: “Kuba u Rwanda ari igihugu kidakora ku nyanja kandi gishingira ku bintu bituruka hanze, cyane cyane ibikomoka kuri peteroli, bituma gushora imari muri SMR biba ari ngombwa cyane.”

Ibi bigaragaza impinduka ku buryo ibihugu bitekereza ku ngufu, aho zitakiri gusa ikibazo cya serivisi rusange, ahubwo ziba inkingi y’iterambere ry’ubukungu.

U Rwanda rumaze gutangaza gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa SMR mu myaka iri imbere. Bitandukanye n’inganda nini za Nikeleyeri, SMR n’intoya, yoroshye kwagurwa, kandi itanga amashanyarazi ahoraho ku nganda, uturere twihariye tw’ubukungu, n’imishinga minini y’ibikorwaremezo.

Urwego rw’ubucukuzi rwugarijwe n’ikibazo cy’ingufu

U Rwanda rwateye imbere mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubu ruri mu bihugu byinjiza amadovize menshi muri icyo gice. Imibare ya leta igaragaza ko mu 2024, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga byinjije arenga miliyari 1.1 z’amadolari, cyane cyane ku mabuye ya tin, tungsten, tantalum na zahabu.

Ariko abayobozi bavuga ko ikibazo cy’ingufu kikiri imbogamizi ikomeye ku kongera agaciro k’ayo mabuye imbere mu gihugu.

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’u Rwanda cya Mine, gas na peteroli (RMB), Alice Uwase, yavuze ko nubwo hari gahunda yo gukoresha imashini mu birombe, amashanyarazi adahagije atuma hari ibikorwa bihagarara.

Yagize ati: “Turimo gukoresha imashini mu birombe byose, ariko dukeneye ingufu zihoraho. Hari aho usanga ibikorwa byo gutunganya amabuye bihagaze kubera kubura amashanyarazi ahagije.”

Yongeyeho ko hari inganda zimwe na zimwe zigikoresha moteri za mazutu, bigatuma ibikoresho by’inganda byangirika no guhungabanya umusaruro.

Yatanze urugero rwa wolframite, ifasha kubona tungsten ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya gisirikare n’ibindi kubera imbaraga n’ubushyuhe yihanganira.

Yavuze kandi ko u Rwanda ruri no gushakisha lithium, mu gihe isi yose ikeneye cyane amabuye akoreshwa muri bateri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Yagize ati: “Mu masezerano turimo kuganira, ni uko igihe ingufu zizaba zihari mu Rwanda, tuzashyiraho inganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro imbere mu gihugu.”

Ingufu za nucléaire n’ahazaza h’inganda mu Rwanda

Minisitiri Paula Ingabire yavuze ko u Rwanda ruhuza ingufu za nucléaire n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ikoranabuhanga.

Yagaragaje ko AI, cloud computing n’ibigo binini bibika amakuru (data centers) bikenera amashanyarazi menshi kandi ahoraho, bityo bikaba ari amahirwe ku bihugu bifite ingufu zihagije.

Nk’uko Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ingufu International Energy Agency (IEA) kibigaragaza, ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu bigo by’amakuru ku isi rimaze kurenga terawatt 400 mu isaha buri mwaka kandi rikomeje kwiyongera kubera AI.

U Rwanda rushaka kuba ihuriro ry’ikoranabuhanga n’udushya mu karere, rukurura ishoramari ry’ibigo binini bikora ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ariko ibyo byose bisaba ingufu zihoraho.

Ingabire yavuze ko ikibazo nyamukuru cya AI ku isi ari ukubura ingufu zihagije kandi zihoraho, anavuga ko ibigo binini by’ikoranabuhanga byifuza gukoresha ingufu zisukuye, bikongera amahirwe ya Nikeleyeri.

Leta ivuga ko iri gutegura isoko ry’ingufu n’imiterere y’inganda mbere y’uko SMR yubakwa, hagamijwe guhuza ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi, inganda n’ikoranabuhanga.

Yashoje agira ati: “Ntidushobora gukomeza gukoresha uburyo bwa kera bwo gutanga ingufu. Bitabaye ibyo, tuzakomeza kohereza ibikoresho fatizo tutabona inyungu nyinshi.”

Mu nama ya NEISA 2026, u Rwanda rweruye ko rureba ingufu za nucléaire atari nk’isoko ry’amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo nk’igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu guteza imbere inganda, kongera agaciro k’amabuye y’agaciro, no guhatana mu bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.