Uyu munsi mu mateka: ’Coup d’Etat’ y’i Gitarama
Nyuma y’ingirwa-mpinduramatwara yo mu 1959 yakurikiwe n’itanga ry’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda biyitaga rubanda nyamwinshi (Abahutu) badukiriye bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi (igice umwami yabarizwagamo), barabamenesha, baricwa, benshi bahunga igihugu, bigizwemo uruhare n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi.

Icyo gihe Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, yari yarasimbuye mukuru we Mutara III Rudahigwa waguye i Bujumbura mu Burundi tariki 25 Nyakanga 1959, ku kagambane k’abakoloni b’Ababiligi bari bagamije gukuraho ubwami bagashyiraho repubulika.
Umwami yahiritswe adahari
Muri Nyakanga 1960, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yagiye mu nama i Bujumbura ya Teritwari ya Rwanda-Urundi. Akiri i Bujumbura, Ababiligi bamenyesheje umwami Kigeli V ko atemerewe kugaruka mu gihugu, ahita ahungira i Kinshasa muri Zaire (Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo y’ubu).
Kigeli ajya kujya mu nama, umwuka mu gihugu ntiwari umeze neza kuko amashyaka MDR-PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA yari ageze kure mu bukangurambaga bwo kwangisha rubanda umwami mu gihugu hose.
Ku itariki 20 Mata 1960, inama y’agateganyo yakoraga nk’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, yahaye Umwami Kigeli imyanzuro bavugaga ko yari igamije kugeza igihugu ku mahoro, ariko mu by’ukuri yari iyo kumunaniza.
Muri iyo myanzuro, bamusabye kuva mu ngoro ye i Nyanza mu Rukari akajya gutura i Kigali, aho yagombaga gukorana n’abantu bane (4) bari kuva mu mashyaka ane manini ari yo MDR-PARMEHUTU, APROSOMA, RADER na UNAR.
Bamusabye kandi gukuraho ingoma ngabe Kalinga n’inama y’abiru. ariko Kigeli yarabyanze kuko yabonaga ko ari akagambane. Amaze kubyanga, abayobozi ba MDR na APROSOMA bandikira Guverinoma y’u Bubiligi tariki 30 Mata 1960, bavuga ko kuva umwami yanze kumva ibyifuzo byabo, bacanye umubano na we.
Tariki ya 6 Kamena 1960, abayobozi ba MDR bateraniye mu Ruhengeri bayobowe na Grégoire Kayibanda, batangaza ko banze ubwami icyo bashaka ari repubulika.
Muri uko kwezi, ni bwo habaye amatora y’inzego z’ibanze nk’uko Umuryango w’Abibumbye (LONI) wari warabyemeje, bityo MDR-PARMEHUTU itsindira imyanya myinshi nk’ishyaka ryari ryiganjemo abiyitaga ‘rubanda nyamwishi’ (Abahutu).
Umunsi MDR-PARMEHUTU yatangarijeho ko ubwami buvuyeho, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yari yagiye i Kinshasa guhura n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa LONI bagombaga kuganira ku bibazo by’u Rwanda.
Akagambane ka MDR-PARMEHUTU n’Ababiligi
Kubera ubusabe bw’umwami Kigeli wari mu buhungiro n’amashyaka nka UNAR yari amushyigikiye, tariki 20 Ukuboza, Inteko Rusange ya LONI yafashe imyanzuro ibiri:
Umwe wasabaga Ababiligi guhuza impande za Politiki zitavuga rumwe mu Rwanda, kwemerera Umwami Kigeli kugaruka mu gihugu no gutegura amatora ya kamarampaka yagombaga kwemeza niba abaturage bashyigikiye ubwami na Kigeli.
Inama ihuza impande zitavuga rumwe yabereye mu Bubiligi muri Mutarama 1961, amajwi menshi yemeza ko ibyemejwe na LONI bishyirwa mu bikorwa, ariko amashyaka MDR na APROSOMA arabyanga, avuga ko iyo myanzuro ngo ihabanye n’ibyifuzo by’abaturage.
Iyo ni yo yabaye intandaro yo gutumiza inama y’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bose ku itariki 28 Mutarama 1961.
Mu gusuzugura imyanzuro ya LONI, Kayibanda n’ishyaka rye MDR babifashijwemo n’u Bubiligi. Gihamya ikaba ari uko habura iminsi micye ngo habe icyo bise ‘Coup d’Etat’y’i Gitarama, Kayibanda ubwe yagiye kureba Colonel Guy Logiest wari Rezida Udasanzwe w’u Rwanda, amumenyesha iby’inama yo guhirika ubwami.
Mu 1988, Logiest yanditse igitabo kirimo interuro igira iti “Ntabwo nashoboraga kumushyigikira ku mugaragaro muri icyo gikorwa cyo kwivumbura, ariko na none sinashoboraga no kumubuza,”
Mu gitabo cye, Col Logiest akomeza agira ati “Nta bwo nabishakaga ariko nta n’uburyo bwo kubyanga narimfite…Namusezeranyije kumufasha mu gutegura iyo nama kugira ngo turinde ituze rya rubanda, dutwara abayitabiriye, gutegura aho izabera no gutanga indangururamajwi.”
Ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda ntibwatanze umusaruro
Tariki 25 Nzeli 1961, habaye amatora ya kamarampaka yari yarasabwe na LONI kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bagaragaze niba bemera Ubwami na Kigeli.

Mu bitabiriye amatora, 79 % bemeje ko batagishaka ubwami, ariko ku rundi ruhande, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wari mu buhungiro i Kinshasa, nawe yagaragaje ko atemera ibyavuye mu matora, avuga ko yabayemo uburiganya.
Dominique Mbonyumutwa wari umuyoboke wa MDR-PARMEHUTU ni we wagizwe perezida w’agateganyo muri repubulika ya mbere kuva muri Mutarama kugeza mu Kwakira 1961.
Nyuma y’amatora yo mu Kwakira 1961, Dominique Mbonyumutwa yasimbuwe na Grégoire Kayibanda wari perezida wa MDR-PARMEHUTU, ashingwa ubuyobozi kugeza ku itariki 1 Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge, Kayibanda aba Perezida wa Repubulika ya mbere (1962-1973).

Mu kiganiro yigeze kugirana na Radiyo Ijwi rya Amerika (VOA), Kigeli yavuze ko kuva mu Rwanda kwe byari byateguwe n’Ababiligi bari barangije gutegura umugambi wo gukuraho ubwami.
Kigeli V yaragize ati “Mu by’ukuri navuye mu Rwanda atari njyewe ubishaka. Navanyweyo n’Ababiligi. Umwami Rudahigwa bamaze kumwica, Guverineri Generali w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi Jean Paul Harroy, yari yiteguye gushyiraho undi usimbura Rudahigwa, noneho ku itariki 28 Nyakanga aba ari jyewe wima, hanyuma tariki 29 Nzeri 1959 nemeza leta y’Ababiligi ko nzaba Umwami Uganje (w’itegeko nshinga) mbishyiraho umukono imbere y’Inama Nkuru y’u Rwanda icyo gihe.”
Kigeri akomeza agira ati “Kubera rero ko leta y’Ababiligi yashakaga gukuraho Ubwami mu Rwanda ku mbaraga ni bwo itangiye guteranya Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa, bashora indwano, gutwika amazu no kwica. Nsaba leta y’Ababiligi kugira ngo mbihoshe baranga, mpita mfata icyemezo cyo kujya Kinshasa kureba Dag Hammarskjold wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kumubwira ko akwiriye gutabara, ko mu Rwanda bimeze nabi kandi Ababiligi bakaba baranze guhagarika intambara.”
Nyuma yaho, Ababiligi bahise bashyiraho repubulika bangira Kigeli kugaruka mu gihugu, kuko n’ubundi intego yabo yari ugukuraho Ubwami bagashyiraho repubulika nk’uko Kigeri V yabisobanuye.
Kigeli yaragize ati “Icyo gitekerezo Ababiligi bakigize mbere Mutara amaze gutanga, kuko bari bateguye undi bashakaga gushyiraho utari umwami. Bari bategereje gushyiraho repubulika muri icyo gihe.”
Ababiligi bamaze kumubuza gutaha, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa Jean Baptiste yahise ava i Kinshasa yerekeza muri Tanzania, akomereza i Nairobi muri Kenya, ariko naho ntiyahatinda kuko haje kuba imidugararo ya politike, Kigeli yigira inama yo kujya muri
Uganda, aza kuhava yerekeza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (US) ku cyicaro cya LONI ngo arebe ko yabasha kubumvisha ko bagomba gutabara u Rwanda ariko biba iby’ubusa.
Uko ni ko ubwami bwasimbuwe na repubulika, Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa aguma mu buhungiro muri US. Kigeli yakomeje kugumana icyubahiro cya cyami ariko mu buryo bw’izina, akomeza no gusigasira umurage ndangamuco w’ubwami anabyambikirwa imidari.
Yagumye mu buhungiro aho yari afite ibikorwa byo gufasha Abanyarwanda b’impunzi mu muryango wamwitiriwe (Kigeli V Foundation), kugeza atabarutse (atanze) ku itariki 16 Ukwakira 2016 afite imyaka 80.
Iminsi ye ya nyuma yayibaye mu mujyi wa Oakton, Virginia muri USA, ariko umugogo we watabarijwe mu Rwanda i Mwima mu karere ka Nyanza ku itariki 15 Mutarama 2017.
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