Inteko y’Umuco nyarwanda yatangarije Kigali Today amwe mu mateka ya Huro igicumbi cy’umuganura inasobanura amateka abumbatiye Huro hakaba ari hamwe mu hantu ndangamateka habungabunzwe.

Aho i Huro hari umurwa wa bamwe mu banyamihango b’Umuganura, bigatuma ari ho hahurizwaga amaturo yoherezwa i Bwami azakoreshwa muri uwo muhango.

Iyo ni yo mvano y’imvugo igira iti: “Ihuriro ni i Huro”. Uretse iyo mvugo kandi igikoreshwa na benshi kugeza ubu, hari n’indi igira iti: “Utabusya abwita ubumera”, ngo ikaba ikomoka ku kuba aho i Huro harakoranyirizwaga imyaka myinshi n’amatungo mbere yo koherezwa ibwami; noneho abasyaga ifu izavugwamo imitsima bakananirwa cyane (Murihano 1987: 193).

Igihe umuganura watangiye kwizihirizwa mu Rwanda ntikizwi. Hari abavuga ko watangiye kwizihizwa kuva ku ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndori (Vansina 2004: 49), abandi bakavuga ko wahanzwe na Gihanga hamwe n’indi mihango yose.

Abavuga ko watangiye ku bwa Ruganzu, bagenekereza bavuga ko ari mu gihe yari atangiye kwigarurira impugu u Rwanda rwari rwaratakaje nyuma y’itanga rya se Ndahiro II Cyamatare.

Icyo gihe igice giherereyemo Huro cyitwaga u Busarasi, hataraba u Bumbogo. Ubu igice kinini cy’ahahoze ari u Busarasi giherereye mu Karere ka Rurindo, ikindi kiri mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Umuhango w’Umuganura wasumbaga iyindi mihango yose yizihizwaga mu Rwanda mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoroni. Ku rwego rw’Igihugu, wayoborwaga n’umwami n’abiru, naho ku rwego rw’umuryango, umukuru w’umuryango akaba ari we uyobora imihango (Kagame 1972: 24).

Nubwo ku rwego rw’Igihugu umwami ubwe ari we watangizaga Umuganura, mu by’ukuri gahunda yose yayoborwaga n’umwiru cyangwa umutware w’Umuganura ndetse n’umwungiriza we.

Umwiru w’Umuganura yabaga ari umukuru w’abiru bo mu Rwanda bose uko bakabaye. Ku rwego rw’Igihugu, nta munyacyubahiro n’umwe wamusumbyaga intera uretse umwami n’umugabekazi bonyine. Yatorwaga mu muryango w’Abatsobe, ibi bikaba bikomoka ku cyubahiro cyarazwe umukurambere wabo Rutsobe bivugwa ko yari umwana wa Gihanga w’ikinyendaro.

Umwiru w’Umuganura kandi ni na we wabaga ari umutware w’umutwe w’ingabo witwaga Gakondo bavuga ko waba warashinzwe n’umwami Gihanga ubwe, akaba yarawuraze umuhungu we Rutsobe.

Abiru b’Abatsobe bari bafite ikicaro ku musozi wa Kinyambi hafi ya Runda, mu Karere ka Kamonyi kandi bakayobora intara y’u Bumbogo nk’abami b’umuhango.
Ingoma z’ingabe zabo zitwaga Rwamo imuritse mu ngoro y’umurage i Huye na Kiruhura. Amazina yabo y’ubwami yo yakurikiranaga atya: Nyaruhungura, Nyunga, Birege na Rubambo.

Umwiru w’Umuganura yunganirwaga n’undi mwiru wo mu bwoko bw’Abega, umuryango w’Abaswere. Yari ashinzwe gahunda zose zijyanye no kubona imyaka uburo n’amasaka izakoreshwa mu muhango w’Umuganura kandi akagira n’uruhare, kimwe n’umwami n’umwiru w’Umuganura, mu mihango yasohozwaga ku munsi nyiri izina w’Umuganura.

Uwo mwiru yari afite ikicaro ku musozi yigengaho wa Huro, uri mu ntara twavuze yahoze yitwa u Bumbogo bwahoze ari u Busarasi. Aba biru b’abahinzi banitwaga abo kwa Myaka, ingoma yabo y’ingabe yitwaga Karihejuru.

Ngo bayise batyo kubera ko yaramvuwe mu giti kimwe n’ingabe nkuru Karinga n’iyindi yitwa Bariba. Bariba iyi imuritse mu ngoro y’umurage i Huye. Karihejuru ngo yari kumwe n’iyayo yitwaga Busoro. Abiru b’Umuganura b’i Huro basimburanaga ku mazina ya Nyamurasa, Musana na Mumbogo.

Mu mirimo ikomeye abanyamihango b’Umuganura b’i Huro bari bashinzwe harimo kumenya amaturo agenerwa abavubyi. Muri ako gace harimo abavubyi bazwi cyane, barimo nk’umuryango wakomokaga kuri Nyamikenke.

Igihe impeshyi irangira abahinzi bitegura gutangira ihinga, umunyamihango y’Umuganura yafataga amaturo, akenshi yabaga agizwe n’inka ndetse n’ibiseke by’uburo, akayatura abavubyi. Nabo rero bakamubwira bati: “Mugende mwitegure ihinga, imvura igiye kugwa”.

Muri Nzeri imvura ikagwa, bagahinga. Bamuhaga amasuka abiri, imwe akayikwikirira umugore utari uwe, indi akayikwikirira umugabo, akababwira ati: “Ngaho nimuhinde muhinge”; na rubanda rusigaye akababwira bagahinga. Umugenzo wo kuvuba wakendereye ku ngoma y’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, dore ko we atemeraga abavubyi.

Tugarutse ku birebana no kwizihiza umuganura, wizihizwaga buri mwaka, Abami b’u Rwanda bakawizihiriza ahantu hatandukanye bitewe n’umurwa werejwe. Uwo muhango watangizwaga ku mugaragaro mu kwezi kwa Kanama ukazasozwa mu kwa Kamena k’umwaka ukurikiyeho. Wabanzirizwaga n’icyunamo cy’ibyumweru bibiri cyabaga muri Gicurasi. Ni koko rero Umwami Ndahiro II Cyamatare yatanze muri uko kwezi, ibi bikaba ariyo nkomoko y’icyo cyunamo.

Umuhango wose w’Umuganura wakorwaga mu byiciro bitandukanye byagaragajwe n’Inteko y’Umuco igihe watangiraga kongera kwizihizwa mu Rwanda mu mwaka w’2011, nyuma y’uko wigeze gucibwa nk’uko tuza kubigarukaho mu bika bikurikira.

Habimburaga umuhango wo kwaka amasuka ibwami. Umwiru w’Umuganura yatumizaga amasuka ibwami akayoherereza abahinzi bo kwa Myaka Abiru iwabo i Huro, mu Bumbogo.
Ibi byakorwaga mu kwezi kwa Kanama ariko kwa munani. Umuhango wa kabiri wari uguturutsa imbuto. Babibaga zimwe mu mbuto nkuru z’i Rwanda ari zo uburo n’amasaka; bigakorwa mu kwezi kwa Nzeri ari ko kwa cyenda.

Hakurikiragaho kujyana umurorano i Bwami. Uyu muhango wakorwaga mu mpera za Mutarama ari ko kwezi kwa mbere igihe imbuto zabaga zeze, bakajya kuzimurika ibwami.
Icyakora hari n’abavuga ko wakorwaga muri Werurwe. Ibwami basyaga uburo bwazanywe n’abanyamihango y’Umuganura, bakavuga umutsima bakawuhakurira mu twibo tune, twa twibo bakadutereka mu gicuba, ukazaribwa n’abapfumu bitwaga Intarindwa.

Uwo mutsima warishwaga ibishyimbo byitwa ibiharo; ubu bukaba ari ubwoko bw’ibishyimbo binini bihemberwa bifite imbuto y’isine irimo utudomagure tw’utweru. Kuba uburo bwarakomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu muhango w’Umuganura byibutsa ko ari bwo bwonyine bwakoreshwaga amasaka ataragera mu Rwanda. Umurwa umwami yakiriragamo umurorano yawugumagamo kugeza igihe imihango yose y’Umuganura irangiriye.
Umurorano ni uburo cyangwa amasaka byabaga bigenewe kuzavamo umutsima w’umuganura w’ibwami.

Nyuma y’umurorano, hakurikiragaho kujya kuzana igitenga ibwami. Mu mboneko za Gashyantare ari ko kwezi kwa kabiri, umwiru w’i Huro – wo kwa Myaka – yajyaga ibwami kuzana igiseke kinini cyane bitaga igitenga cyo gushyiramo imyaka izakoreshwa ku munsi w’Umuganura.

Nubwo itazwi neza, hari imihango yabanzaga gukorerwa icyo gitenga, yarangira kikajyanwa i Huro mu Bumbogo. Kigezeyo, abiru baho bageraga impeke zicyuzuye, bakagisubiza ibwami batwaye na ya myaka irimo uburo n’amasaka.

Nubwo ibyakoreshwaga mu mihango y’Umuganura byahagurukiraga i Huro, byose ntibyabaga ari ho byeze, hari ibyaturukaga kure. Nko mu Murera haturukaga ibishyimbo n’amashaza byiyongera ku buro n’amasaka byaturutse i Huro ndetse n’i Mbirima na Matovu.
Hari n’ibindi byaturukaga mu Bunyabungo, hafi y’ahahoze urugo rwa Gihanga, dore ko ubwami bwe bwageraga hanze y’imbibi z’u Rwanda rw’ubu. Gushakira imihamuro aho ngo byaterwaga n’uko Gihanga na we yahakuraga ibyifashishwaga mu gihe cye.

Abatonze umurongo bajyanye imyaka ibwami bitwazaga ingoma – dore ko mu bo umunyamihango y’Umuganura yajyanaga nabo habagamo abiru abakaraza b’Abambogo zimwe zikajya imbere, izindi zikajya inyuma, bakagenda bazivuza. Aho bageze bakabacumbikira; bati: “Aya ni amaturo agiye ibwami”. Bwacya bagakomeza urugendo, bazagera ibwami ingoma zikavuga, bakabakira, bakabaha inzoga bakanywa. Bajya gutaha umwami akabaha amasuka abiri ati: “Nimugende muhinge. Bagataha bavuza ingoma inzira yose”.

Icyiciro cya nyuma cy’Umuganura kwari ukwakira amasaka n’uburo, kuvuga umutsima no kuganura. Ibwami habaga imihango yo kwakira iyo myaka; bagasya, bakavuga imitsima igahakurirwa mu byibo bine. Ku munsi wo kuganura habaga hari umwami ubwe n’abandi banyacyubahiro; umwami agaherezwa amata, agasomeza umutsima. Ayo mata yabaga yakamishijwe mu mutwe w’inka zitwaga Inyubahiro.

Umuganura wasozwaga n’umuhango wo kubikira imfizi. Ikimasa cyabikirwaga cyabaga cyatoranyijwe mu mutwe w’inka witwaga Indwanyi ari wo woherezwagamo ibimasa byakoreshwaga mu mihango y’ubwiru ijyanye no kuragura.

Inyubahiro: Umutwe w’inka waremwe n’umwami Cyirima II Rujugira mu rwego rw’imihango y’ubwiru. Uyu mutwe ni wo warobanurwagamo imfizi yitwa Rusanga yakorerwagaho imihango igihe cyo kwimika abami b’u Rwanda. Umutware w’Inyubahiro yabaga ari umunyamihango ukomoka mu bwoko bw’Abazigaba bo mu nzu yitwa Abaheka.

Nyuma y’ibirori by’Umuganura, buri mutware ibwami bamuhaga ibyuhagizo byo kuhagira gutanga umugisha, inka, imirima n’abantu yayoboraga, na we akajya gucyura ibirori by’Umuganura, akishimana n’abaturage ku musozi ayoboye ari na ko abagezaho umugisha w’umwami.

Kuri uwo munsi w’Umuganura kandi imiryango na yo yarateranaga, umutware w’umuryango akayobora imihango n’ibirori byayikurikiraga. Cyaraziraga kugira uwo wima cyangwa uheza ku munsi w’Umuganura, kuko buri wese yagombaga kugira umuturanyi asura. Mu magambo make, kuganura wari umuco mu Rwanda.

Niyo umwana yezaga amasaka yaragendaga akaganuza umubyeyi we; na we akamubwira ati: “Ni uko uzagende uhinge weze”.

Ku butegetsi bwa gikoroni, Ababirigi baje gukuraho umuhango w’Umuganura mu rwego rwo kurwanya iby’ingenzi byarangaga ukwemera n’ubutegetsi gakondo mu Rwanda.
Mu wa 1925, baciye umwiru wawo wa nyuma witwaga Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba, yoherezwa i Burundi. Bidatinze, nyuma y’imyaka itandatu, n’Umwami Yuhi V Musinga wari waranze kuvirira imihango, imigenzo n’imiziririzo umuco w’Abanyarwanda wari ushingiyeho, akurwa ku ngoma, bamucira i Kamembe nyuma bamujyana i Moba muri Kongo ari na ho yaguye.

Mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya za 1980, Umuganura wongeye kubaho nubwo ubuyobozi bwariho butawushyizemo imbaraga ngo uhabwe agaciro ukwiye, tariki ya 1 Kanama yemezwa nk’umunsi mukuru wo kwizihiza Umuganura mu Rwanda hose. Kuri uwo munsi hakorwaga ibirori bisanzwe bitandukanye n’ibya kera.

Kuva mu wa 1990, uwo munsi mukuru ntiwongeye kwizihizwa, kubera intambara yaje gukurikirwa na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu wa 1994.

Nyuma yo kubona ko Umuganura ari kimwe mu byatumye u Rwanda ruba igihugu gikomeye kandi kitavogerwa kuko watumaga Abanyarwanda bunga ubumwe, ubu Leta yawuhaye agaciro gakomeye kuva mu mwaka wa 2011.

Yashyizeho umunsi w’ikiruhuko buri wa gatanu wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa Kanama kugira ngo kuri uwo munsi Abanyarwanda bajye basabana, bazirikane ibyiza bagezeho, ari nako bahiga gukora neza kurushaho mu mwaka ukurikiye.

Uretse kuba hari hatuye abanyamihango b’Umuganura uwanyuma muri bo wahatuye yitwaga Nyamurasa.

I Huro hanazwi ko habaga amavubiro yifashishwaga mu iteganyagihe ry’ako gace. Ubusanzwe mu Rwanda amavubiro yifashishwaga mu gihe abaturage bifuza kumenya icyo ikirere kibahishiye, ari na yo mpamvu umuntu yabigereranya n’iteganyagihe ry’ubu. Umwami ni we wari umuvubyi mukuru nk’uko igisigo kitwa “Urugumye urukanga umwami” cyo ku ngoma ya Yuhi IV Gahindiro kibigaragaza.

Mbese umwami ni we rubanda bategerezagaho guca amapfa mu Gihugu kuko bavugaga ko igihugu kidafite umwami kigomba guteramo amapfa. Iyo hateraga inzara wasangaga hirya no hino bajujura ngo “Mbese uyu mwami we aribwira iki? Mbese yabuze abamubwira intsinzi yabyo”?

Igihe Yuhi IV Gahindiro yimaga, hateye amapfa akomeye cyane, akurikirwa n’inzara yitwa Rukungugu. Icyo gihe Gahindiro yari umwana ukambakamba, Igihugu gitegekwa na nyina. Kuko rero yari yarwaniye ingoma, rubanda yari ifite amakenga ikeka ko umwami yari uwo batsinze! Ariko amaherezo imvura yarahangutse, umusizi witwaga Musare atura igisigo kitwa "Urugumye urukanga umwami" cyo gukura ubwatsi, kuko umwami abahaye imvura.

Yateruye agira ati:
“Nta wundi wakadukuriye imvura kure
Atari uwarazwe ingoma n’inganji!
Urya munsi weretse Rubanda ubwami warazwe
Mwami ubuze ubwanza, gica urayamuruye mu Rwanda
Icyokere kibi kitwokeje umubiri uragihoza
Muhoza wa twese ishimwe nzariguhaya!
Gacabworo, imvura wayirariye rubanda,
Kirabya bayicira imoko ku ijuru;
Bawuzibya amabere umuvumbi
Kivomo cya Gahenda ukawuzibura!
Uyigirira ubwira n’umwete uyifitiye
Mutwe utwambariye ishyira,
Iyo inkuba yatawe urayihabuye!
Bwenge urusha abandi
Imvura wayikurikiye ubutayisiga
Uti:’Nimuhumure Rubanda!
Mbahaye uw’ejo ngacyura imvura
Cyirima akadukanda uwo muruho’
Wowe mu kuguha yagukuriye inyuma
Rugira rw’i Ruganda rwa Ruganzu ntiyagusangiza
Mu kuguha ingoma igukiza ibigereke
Ikugira umwami wenyine
Irakwita izina Bwami ntiryakuka!”

Ayo ni amabango amwe agize icyo gisigo, yerekana ko umwami ari we Muvubyi abandi bagenderaho. Uretse abavubyi, hari n’abavumyi bavumaga ibyonona imyaka nk’inzige, inyoni n’ibindi. Hatangwaga ikoro ry’umuvumyi; hakaba n’isororo ry’umuvubyi.

I Huro ubu hasigaye ivubiro rimwe rikigaragara. Ni akabindi abagaturiye bavuga ko kaba karahatabwe na Nyamikenke ubwe. Iryo vubiro rikikijwe n’agahuru na ko bigaragaraga ko kahamaze igihe, dore ko n’abahinzi iyo bahinga batakegera. Mu bavubyi bakomoka muri aka gace bamenyekanye cyane nyuma ya Nyamikenke twavuga nk’umuhungu we Minyaruko, binavugwa ko yari umutasi ukomeye w’ibwami.

Ivubiro ry’i Huro

Hafi ya Huro kandi, mu Murenge wa Coko, hari ahandi hantu hazwi cyane mu mateka y’u Rwanda, nk’i Buzinganjwiri cyangwa i Mbirima na Matovu. Aho i Mbirima na Matovu bavuga ko habaye abami batandukanye barimo Kigeri IV Rwabugiri, Mutara II Rwogera, Yuhi IV Gahindiro, ndetse na Mibambwe III Sentabyo. Naho mu mpinga ya Buzinganjwiri ni ho hari ingando y’umutwe w’ingabo zarindaga urugo rw’umwami rw’i Mbirima na Matovu.

Uyu mwaka umunsi w’Umuganura ufite Insanganyamatsiko igira iti “ Isoko y’Ubumwe n’ishingiro ryo kwigira”.