Menya amateka y’Umwaduko wa kawa mu Rwanda
Amateka avuga uko igihingwa cya kawa cyatangiye guhingwa mu Rwanda yanditswe n’Ikigo cy’Ubuyapani Gishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga « Japan International Cooperation Agency ‘JICA’ mu nyandiko yacyo ‘The socio-economic impact of Rwandan indigenous coffee variety (Bourbon Mibirizi)”.

Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Inteko y’Umuco ku gihingwa cya Kawa n’umushakashatsi Maurice Mugabowagahunde mu wa 2016 ubwo yakoraga mu Nteko y’UMuco basanze Kawa ifie amateka mu Rwanda.
Inyandiko y’Ikigo cy’Ubuyapani Gishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga ivuga ko Abamisiyoneri ari bo badukanye Kawa mu Rwanda, bayihinga i Mibirizi mu wa 1904. Kawa bayihinze mu Rwanda bayikuye muri Tanzaniya, aho yari yaragejejwe n’Abamisiyoneri ngo bayikomoye muri Guatemala. Iyo kawa y’i Mibirizi ni yo yaje gusakara mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.
Kawa igera i Mibirizi hari Abapadiri Bera barimo Sumbiri, Emile Verfurt, Nicolas Cunrath, na Eugène Desbrosses. Abageze mu zabukuru bo muri ako karere bavuga ko by’umwihariko Sumbiri ari we wazanye kawa, bakibuka ko ngo yafumbiraga ingemwe akaziha abasore n’abatware ngo bajye kuzitera, ndetse akabasobanurira ko zizabagirira umumaro.
Nubwo Sumbiri ndetse n’abandi Bamisiyoneri b’i Mibirizi bashishikarizaga Abanyakinyaga muri rusange n’abayoboke babo by’umwihariko guhinga kawa, bakabigisha uko isasirwa n’uko isarurwa, babimye amatwi.
Abenshi 117 bayihinze guhera mu w’1933 igihe abategetsi b’Ababirigi babigiraga itegeko, ariko n’ubundi Abanyarwanda bari batarumva neza akamaro kayo.
Abaturage batangiye kubona ibyiza bya kawa nyuma ya 1950 kuko ari yo yatumaga babona amafaranga, bakikenura. Kawa y’i Mibirizi yari iyo mu bwoko bwa Arabica ngo yagurishijwe hanze y’u Rwanda bwa mbere mu wa 1917, ariko nyuma haje kuza n’ubundi bwoko bwa Robusta, none ubu kawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu byinjiriza u Rwanda amadovize menshi.
Inyubako ya misiyoni ya Mibirizi yubatswe n’abazungu ntigihari, yarashenywe hubakwa inshya ihari muri iki gihe. Hafi yayo mu murima wa paruwasi ni ho hatewe kawa bwa mbere.
Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga uwo murage, Paruwasi yateye igipimo cya kawa muri uwo murima, ndetse bigaragara ko zimazemo igihe kirekire n’ubwo atari zo zahatewe mu wa 1903. Ahari ibimenyetso by’ayo mateka ya Mibirizi, ubu ni mu Mudugudu wa Mibirizi, Akagari ka Karemereye, Umurenge wa Gashonga, Akarere ka Rusizi.
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