Ubwo Abanyamerika bizihizaga umunsi we w’amavuko tariki 15 Mutarama, Umuyobozi w’ikigo cyitiriwe Martin Luther King, Jr. Lerone Martin, yatangaje ibintu 10 by’ingenzi byaranze ubuzima bwa King ariko bitamenyekanye cyane.

1. Ijambo ’I have a dream’ (Mfite inzozi) yarivuze atariteguye

Ubwo King yari ageze hagati mu ijambo yari arimo kugeza ku mbaga mu 1963, umuhanzi w’indirimbo zisingiza Imana Mahalia Jackson yamubwiye mu ijwi riranguruye agira ati "Babwire kuri za nzozi zawe Martin!", hanyuma Martin ahita ahindura ibyo yari yateguye kubwira imbaga, atangira kubasobanurira ko icyo bitaga Inzozi Nyamerika (American Dream), ari uburenganzira bugomba kureshya kandi bukagera ku baturage bose.

King yagize ati "Mfite inzozi zimbwira ko abana banjye bane umunsi umwe bazaba mu gihugu kitarimo ivangura rishingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu, ahubwo ku myitwarire yabo. Uyu munsi mfite izo nzozi."

Kuva icyo gihe, iryo jambo rye ryahise rihabwa izina rya "I have a dream"; ariko Lerone Martin akaba yemeza ko inzira ikiri ndende kugira ngo inzozi za King zo kuba mu buringanire busesuye zibe impamo.

Lerone ni umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’uburezi cyitiriwe Martin Luther King, Jr. kiri muri Kaminuza ya Stanford.

2. Avuka bamwise Michael King

Avuka ku itariki 15 Mutarama 1929, bamwise izina rya se, Michael King ariko agize imyaka itandatu, ise yagiye mu Budage ahamenyera amateka ya Luther King, umuyobozi w’ivugururwa ry’itorero ry’Abaporoso (Protestant).

Amakuru avuga ko ise wa King ngo yasubiye muri Amerika yaramaze gucengerwa n’imyemerere ya Luther King, ni ko kwiyemeza kumwitirira umwana we w’impfura amwita Martin Luther King, Jr.

3. King yiyemeje kuba umuvugabutumwa akiri mu ishuri

Mu 1944, Martin Luther King Jr. yemerewe kujya kwiga mu ishuri rikuru rya Morehouse College afite imyaka 15. Ni ishuri ndangamateka ry’abirabura ryari rikomeye ryigagaho abahungu gusa, ari naryo abo mu bisekuru byo mu muryango wa King bose bizeho muri Atlanta, Georgia.

Nk’uko byemezwa n’ikigo cya Martin Luther King, uyu mugabo waje kuba impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bw’abaturage, yari umunyeshuri usanzwe, ariko igihe yamaze ku ishuri rya Morehouse College cyamufashije gukangura umuhamagaro we wo guharanira uburinganire muri politiki kinamubera inganzo yo kuba umuvugabutumwa.

4. Yatawe muri yombi inshuro 30

Mu myaka 13 yamaze ari umuyobozi w’abaharanira uburenganzira bw’abaturage, King yafunzwe inshuro 30 azira kurenga ku mabwiriza yabuzaga abantu gukora imyigaragambyo itemewe.

Mu 1960 yatawe muri yombi nyuma y’imyigaragambyo yakoresheje imbere y’iduka mu mujyi wa Atlanta bamufungira muri gereza nkuru ya Leta ya Georgia. Ari mu buroko yandikiye umugore we aramubwira ati "nizeye ko ibibazo byo gutotezwa bigiye gukorerwa umuryango wanjye, byibuze hari icyo bizafasha mu gutuma Atlanta ihinduka umujyi mwiza, Georgia ikaba Leta nziza na Amerika ikaba ikigihu cyiza kurushaho".

5. Yanditse ibitabo bitanu

Ikigo cya Martin Luther King Jr. kivuga ko yanditse ibitabo bitanu mu gihe yamaze ku Isi, anamurika imizingo y’amabaruwa ye atandukanye n’amagambo yavuze mu bihe bitandukanye.

Igitabo yanditse mu 1964 yise ‘Why We Can’t Wait’ (impamvu tudashobora gutegereza), yavuzemo ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga bukomeye byabereye i Birmingham muri Alabama, bigatuma ivangura ryakorerwaga abirabura rihagarara.

6. Yakundaga filime z’ibitarabayeho (Science-fiction)

Nichelle Nichols, umukinnyi wa filime wamenyekanye cyane ku izina rya Lt Nyota Uhura, muri filime ya Star Trek yabanje, yahuriye na Dr Martin Luther King wari umufana we cyane, mu birori byo gutanga ibihembo hasigaye iminsi mike ngo Nichols asezere ku gukina mu mwanya nyamukuru muri filime ya Star Trek.

Mu kiganiro na Television Academy Foundation, Nichols yavuze ko yabwiye King ko yateganyaga gusezera gukina muri iyo filime, maze King aramwinginga amusaba kudasezera kuri uwo mwanya wamugize icyamamare.

Icyo gihe ngo King yabwiye Nichols ati "bwa mbere kuri televiziyo tuzabonwa nk’uko tugomba kubonwa buri munsi, nk’abantu bazi ubwenge, bafite indangagaciro, abantu beza…kandi bashobora kujya mu isanzure". NichoIs akomeza agira ati "Nagumye aho mpagaze, ntekereza kuri buri jambo yari amaze kuvuga nsanga ari ukuri. Nyuma yaho yakomeje gukina kuri wa mwanya ndetse awumara igihe kirekire.

7. Yasimbutse urupfu inshuro nyinshi

Muri Nzeri 1958, ari mu mujyi wa Harlem, New York, King yegerewe n’umugore wari ufite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ubwo yari arimo gusinya ku gitabo yaherukaga kwandika cyitwa ‘Stride Toward Freedom’, umugore amugeze imbere aramwitegereza, asanze ari King ahita amutera icyuma kireshya na cm 20.

Icyo gihe abaganga bavuze ko Martin Luther King Jr. yarungurutse urupfu kuko icyuma cyageze hafi y’umutsi ujyana amaraso mu mutima. Ariko amaze kumenya ko uwo mugore yari afite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, King yavuze ko nta nzika amufitiye ndetse amusabira kuvurwa.

8. Nyina wa King (Alberta Williams King) na we yarishwe

Ku itariki 30 Kamena 1974, hashize imyaka itandatu King yishwe, umusore w’imyaka 23 yishe nyina wa King, amurasiye mu rusengero rwa Ebenezer Baptist Church aho yari arimo gucuranga inanga ya organ.

Uwamurashe yatawe muri yombi akatirwa igihano cy’urupfu, ariko nyuma cyaje guhindurwa igifungo cya burundu kubera ko umuryango wa Martin Luther King, Jr. utari ushyigikiye igihano cy’urupfu.

9. Umuryango wa King wishyuriye ibitaro Julia Roberts yavutse

Mu kiganiro cyamamaye cyane umukinnyi wa filime Julia Roberts yagiranye n’umunyamakuru wa televiziyo witwa Gayle King, yemeje iyo nkuru itarigeze iba kimomo irebana n’umunsi yavutseho.

Julia Roberts yaragize ati "Umuryango wa King ni wo wishyuye fagitire zanjye zo kwa muganga," yongeraho ko ababyeyi be (Roberts) bari inshuti cyane n’umuryango wa King ndetse ngo bahaye abana ba King ikaze ryo kujya kwiga mu ishuri ryabo, ryigishaga gukina filime riri muri Atlanta.

Julia Roberts yemeza ko amaze kuvuka, umuryango we wabuze ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ibitaro, maze King n’umugore we Coretta, barabishyurira.

10. Yishwe afite imyaka 39 gusa

Dr Martin Luther King Jr. yari afite imyaka 39 gusa ubwo yicwaga arashwe ku itariki 4 Mata 1968. Yamaze imyaka 13 agaragara mu ruhame ku rugamba rwo guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n’uburinganire bushingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu.

Ikigo cyamwitiriwe (Martin Luther King, Jr. Research & Education Institute), kivuga ko muri icyo gihe kitari kirekire, yakoze byinshi bikomeye mu guteza imbere uburinganire bushingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu, ugereranyije n’ibyari byarakozwe mu myaka 350 yabanje.