Benshi bemeza ko Nelson Mandela ari Intwari ya Afurika

Tariki ya 18 Nyakanga buri mwaka, hizihizwa umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kuzirikana uwahoze ari Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo, Nelson Mandela, kubera ubutwari n’ubwitange yagaragaje aharanira ubwingenge bw’icyo gihugu, ariho benshi bahera bamwita Intwari ya Afutika.

Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela

Bimwe mu byaranze Mandela ni ukubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu akaba yibukirwa ku kintu gikomeye, cyo kurwanya ivanguraruhu rya ‘Apartheid’ ryakorerwaga abirabura bo muri Afurika y’Epfo, bikaba aribyo byatumye Isi yose imufata nk’umuntu w’intwari ndetse hagashyirwaho umunsi wo kubyibuka.

Ubuzima ndetse n’ibikorwa by’umwihariko bya Mandela byagiye bikoreshwa hirya no hino, mu kwigisha abatuye Isi kugira urukundo n’ubutwari ndetse bamwe bahitamo kwitwa amazina ye.

Mu Rwanda hari abo ababyeyi bahisemo kwita izina Mandela abana babo kubera ubutwari bamwumvanye.

Mandela Eric akomoka mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu Karere Huye, yavutse mu mwaka wa 1977, atangaza ko umubyeyi we yamubajije impamvu yamwise iri zina amusobanurira ko yifuzaga ko aba intwari nka Perezida Mandela.

Ati “Papa yarambwiye ngo yifuzaga ko nazavamo intwari nkaba umugabo nka Mandela, ngo yumvaga ibikorwa bye ari iby’intwari”.

Mu Karere ka Bugesera hubatse umudugudu witiriwe Mandela kubera uruhare yagize mu kuwubaka mu 1997-1998, wubatse mu mudugudu wa Rwangara mu Kagali ka Kanzenze, Umurenge wa Ntarama.

Iki ni igikorwa cyiza Abanyarwanda bafata nk’ubutwari bwakomeje kumuranga, bwo gufasha mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe biteza ubuzima bwa muntu imbere.

Kuri uyu munsi reka tugaruke kuri amwe mu mateka ya Nelson Mandera n’ibyamuranze mu buto bwe, ndetse n’inzira yanyuzemo kugira ngo agere ubwo aba Perezida w’Afurika y’Epfo.

Twifashishije urubuga www.nelsonmandela.org twakusanyije amakuru y’ibanze yaranze ubuzma bw’uyu mukambwe, waranzwe n’ukuri n‘ubwitange mu kurwanya akarengane abazungu bakoreraga abirabura.

Perezida Mandela yavutse tariki 18 Nyakanya 1918, avukira mu cyaro cya Mvezo ho muri Umtata. Yavaga inda imwe n’abakobwa 2 bakaba bari batuye mu gice cy’icyaro ahitwa Qunu, akaba ari naho mama we yakomokaga.

N’ubwo ababyeyi be batari barabashije kwiga, Mandela agize imyaka 7 mama we yamujyanye kumutangiza ishuri mu kigo cy’Abametodiste (Methodiste).

Muri iryo shuri yaje no kuhigira amasomo y’idini amwemerera kubatizwa, umwarimu wamwigishaga yamuhaye izina rya ‘Nelson’ nk’izina rya gikirisitu.

Arangije amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, Mandela yize muri University College of Fort Hare, aza kuhirukanwa maze akomereza muri University of South Africa. Akirangiza yatangiye gukora nk’ushinzwe umutekano mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro. Aha yahakoraga aniga amategeko muri University of the Witwatersrand, aho yaje gukura impamyabushobozi mu mategeko nyuma y’imyaka irenga mirongo ine ahiyandikishije, kuko yabonye iyi mpamyabushobozi ari muri gereza mu 1989.

Nelson Mandela yinjiye mu ishyaka ryaharaniraga uburenganzira bw’abirabura ANC (African National Congress) mu 1944 aho yahise ashinga umutwe w’urubyiruko waryo.

Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yashatse umugore we wa mbere Evelyn Mase banabyaranye abana bane. Nelson Mandela yanakinaga umukino njyarugamba w’ibikonjo (BOX).

Mandela yaje gukorana na Oliver Tambo, undi mwirabura waharaniraga uburenganzira bw’abirabura muri Afurika y’Epfo, bashinga ikigo cy’ubwunganizi mu mategeko mu 1952.

Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yaje gufungwa hamwe n’abandi 19 nyuma yo kwigaragambya bamagana amategeko yari abangamiye uburenganzira bwabo. Ibi byarakomeje, Mandela akomeza gukurikiranwa nk’umwe mu bayobora abaturage kwigumura ku butegetsi bwariho icyo gihe. Urubanza rwabo rwamaze igihe kirekire aza no gufungurwa.

Nyuma yo kubona ko imyigaragambyo, kwandikira abayobozi ndetse n’ubundi buryo bwose bwananiranye, Mandela yatowe na bagenzi be kugira ngo azayobore urugamba rwo kwibohora. Uru rugamba nirwo bise Umkhonto wesizwe bisobanura ngo Icumu ry’Igihugu.

Mandela yaje guhindura amazina ye yiyita David Motsamayi maze azenguruka ibihugu bya Afurika ndetse n’u Bwongereza, aho yakusanyaga inkunga yo gutegura iyo ntambara. Yanakoze imyitozo ya gisirikare muri Maroc ndetse na Ethiopia.

Nyuma y’ukwezi agarutse muri Afurika y’Epfo yahise afungwa ku itariki ya 5 Kanama 1962, azira kuba yarasohotse igihugu nta ruhushya afite no gushishikariza abakozi kwigaragambya, icyo gihe akatirwa imyaka itanu.

Mu rubanza yari arimo n’abandi icyenda, yahavugiye ijambo ritazibagirana ati “Narwanyije ukwishyira hejuru kw’abazungu, narwanyije gutotezwa kw’abirabura”.

Yakomeje avuga ko afite icyizere ko bishoboka ko abazungu n’abirabura babana mu mahoro, ubwumvikane no mu bwisanzure.

Ati “Iki cyizere mfite nzakomeza kugiharanira kandi ndizera ko tuzakigeraho, ni biba ngombwa kandi niteguye kuzagipfira.”

Ku itariki ya 11 Kamena 1964, Nelson Mandela ari kumwe na bagenzi be barindwi bakatiwe gufungwa burundu. Abo bandi ni Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Denis Goldberg, Elias Motsoaledi na Andrew Mlangeni. Batandatu muri bo bahise bajyanywa muri gereza ya Robben Island. Mandela yabaye muri iyo gereza kugeza mu 1988 aho yimuriwe mu yindi yitwa Victor Verster Prison aho yari agiye kwivuriza indwara y’igituntu.

Yaje kurekurwa ku itariki ya 11 Gashyantare 1990, igihe kitazibagirana mu mateka ya Afurika ubwo ukwishyira no kwizana n’uburenganzira bw’umwirabura byari bigezweho.

Umwaka ukurikiyeho yaje kuyobora ishyaka rya ANC maze aza guhabwa igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel hamwe n’uwari Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo icyo gihe, Frederik W. de Klerk.

Mandela yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo ndetse no kuba Perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura mu mateka y’iki gihugu ku itariki ya 27 Mata 1994.

Mandela yayoboye manda imwe maze mu mwaka w’i 1999 ntiyongera kwiyamamaza.

Tariki 5 Ukuboza 2013, nibwo urugendo Mandela yari amaze kugenda ku Isi rwarangiye, akaba yaritabye Imana aguye i Johannesburg, azize indwara zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero.

Nelson Mandela yitabye Imana afite imyaka 95 y’amavuko, akaba yaragiye agaragaza ibikorwa by’ubutwari byo kwamagana akarengane kakorerwaga abirabura.

Mandela yashatse abagore 3, babiri muri bo bari baratandukanye, Graça Machel, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na Evelyn Mase, akaba yarasize abana 6 aribo Makaziwe Mandela-Amuah, Zenani Mandela, Makgatho Mandela, Madiba Thembekile Mandela, Zindziswa Mandela na Makaziwe Mandela.

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Ibitekerezo   ( 1 )

Nibyo rwose,Mandela ashobora kuba ariwe muntu w’ikirangirire kurusha abandi wabaye ku isi.Hamwe na Mahatma Gandhi.Gusa umuntu wahinduye isi kurusha abandi bose,ni Yesu wazuye abantu,agakiza ibihumbi by’abamugaye n’abarwayi,akagenda hejuru y’amazi,agahagarika Ibiza.Umwizera wese akirinda gukora ibyo yatubujije,urugero kwiba,ruswa,gusambana,gutwarwa n’iby’isi gusa ntushake imana,kutajya mu ntambara z’isi,etc...,azamuzura ku munsi wa nyuma,amuhe ubuzima bw’iteka nkuko yabyivugiye.

kamana yanditse ku itariki ya: 19-07-2022  →  Musubize

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