Mu nyandiko y’imbere muri urwo rwego, abashinzwe gutanga viza mu mahanga basabwe kwanga gutanga viza hashingiwe ku mategeko asanzwe, mu gihe urwego rugisuzuma bushya uburyo bwo gusuzuma no kugenzura abasaba viza.

Mu bihugu byibasiwe n’iki cyemezo harimo Somalia, Uburusiya, Afghanistan, Brésil, Iran, Iraq, Misiri, Nigeria, Thailand, Yemen n’ibindi.

Uku guhagarika gutanga viza kuzatangira ku itariki ya 21 Mutarama, kandi kuzamara igihe kitazwi kugeza igihe State Department izarangiriza isuzuma rishya ry’imikorere yo gutanga viza z’abimukira.

“FEEDING OUR FUTURE” MURI MINNESOTA, imwe muri nyirabayazana

Igihugu cya Somalia cyashyizwe mu byitabwaho cyane n’inzego za Leta ya Amerika nyuma y’iperereza rikomeye ku buriganyi bwabereye muri Leta ya Minnesota, aho abashinjacyaha bavumbuye ikoreshwa nabi rikabije ry’amafaranga ya Leta yagenewe gufasha abaturage. Abenshi mu bakekwaho ibyo byaha ni Abanyasomaliya cyangwa Abanyasomaliya bafite ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika.

Mu Ugushyingo 2025, ubutumwa bwa dipolomasi (cable) bwa State Department bwoherejwe ku biro byayo byo hirya no hino ku isi, busaba abashinzwe gutanga viza gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza mashya akomeye ashingiye ku itegeko rya “public charge”.

Ayo mabwiriza ategeka ko viza yangwa ku basaba bashobora kwishingikiriza ku nkunga za Leta, hifashishijwe ibipimo bitandukanye birimo ubuzima, imyaka, ubumenyi bw’Icyongereza, ubushobozi bw’imari, ndetse n’ibishobora gutuma umuntu akenera ubuvuzi bw’igihe kirekire.

Abasaba viza bageze mu zabukuru cyane cyangwa bafite ibiro birenze urugero bashobora kwangirwa, kimwe n’abigeze gukoresha inkunga ya Leta ishingiye ku mafaranga cyangwa abigeze kujyanwa mu bigo byita ku barwayi b’igihe kirekire.

Umuvugizi wa State Department, Tommy Piggott, yagize ati:
“Urwego rushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga ruzakoresha ububasha rufite kuva kera bwo gufata nk’abatemerewe kwinjira muri Amerika abimukira bashobora kuba umutwaro ku nkunga za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no gukoresha nabi ubuntu bw’Abanyamerika.”

Yakomeje agira ati:
“Kwimukira muri Amerika ku baturage b’ibi bihugu 75 bizahagarikwa mu gihe State Department iri gusuzuma bushya uburyo bwo gutunganya viza, hagamijwe gukumira abanyamahanga bashobora kuza gukoresha inkunga n’imibereho rusange itangwa na Leta.”

Umuyobozi wa Quality Learning Center witwa Ibrahim Ali yahakanye ibyaha by’uburiganyi, n’ubwo hari raporo iherutse gutangazwa n’umunyamakuru wigenga Nick Shirley. Ibyo byaha byagaragajwe mbere gato y’uko State Department ihagarika gutanga viza.

N’ubwo itegeko rya “public charge” rimaze imyaka myinshi rikoreshwa, uko ryashyirwaga mu bikorwa byagiye bihinduka bitewe n’ubuyobozi buriho, kandi abashinzwe gutanga viza bahabwaga ububasha bunini mu gufata imyanzuro.

Harateganywa ko abazahabwa uburenganzira budasanzwe (exceptions) bazaba ari bake cyane, kandi bizakorwa gusa nyuma y’uko basuzumwe bagasanga badateza ikibazo cyo kuba umutwaro ku nkunga za Leta.

Mu 2022, ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Joe Biden, hasohotse inyandiko igabanya ubwoko bw’inkunga zafatwaga nk’ishingirwaho mu itegeko rya “public charge”, hibandwa cyane ku nkunga y’amafaranga n’ubuvuzi bwo mu bigo by’igihe kirekire, hadashyizwemo gahunda nka SNAP (ibiribwa), WIC, Medicaid cyangwa inkunga y’amazu.

Itegeko rigenga abinjira n’abasohoka muri Amerika (Immigration and Nationality Act) rimaze igihe ryemerera abashinzwe gutanga viza kwanga abasaba hashingiwe ku mpamvu zo kuba “public charge”. Icyakora, mu 2019, Perezida Donald Trump yaguye ibisobanuro by’iri tegeko, ashyiramo n’izindi nkunga nyinshi za Leta. Ibyo byaje kujyanwa mu nkiko, bimwe birahagarikwa, mbere y’uko bisubizwaho n’ubutegetsi bwa Biden.

Urutonde rwose rw’ibihugu byibasiwe n’iki cyemezo rurimo: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Antigua na Barbuda, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bosnia, Brésil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Dominica, Misiri, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Maroc, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Repubulika ya Congo, Uburusiya, u Rwanda, Saint Kitts na Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent na Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan na Yemen.