Abari mu bwubatsi barasabwa kudahutaza ibijyanye n’amateka biri aho bagiye kubaka

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Nsengumukiza Prudence

9-09-2021 - 21:25' | Ibitekerezo ( )

Alexandre Smith, umwalimu muri Kaminuza yigenga y’i Buruseli (ULB) akaba n’umushakashatsi ku mateka ya Afurika mu nzu ndangamurage ya Africa Museum mu Bubirigi, ibitse amateka yo mu bihe by’Ubukoloni, asaba abakora ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi kudahutaza amateka aba ari aho ibikorwa bica kuko ashobora kuba inyungu kuri bo no mu gufasha kurengera amateka y’ibihe byahise.

Alexandre Livingstone Smith, umushakashatsi mu nzu ndangamurage Africa Museum yo mu Bubirigi.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na Kigali Today yagarutse ku bibazo abanyamateka bahura na byo, aho harimo abantu cyane cyane bakora mu mirimo y’ubwubatsi badaha agaciro uduce twihariye tubumbatiye amateka (Site Archeologique).

Uyu mushakashatsi usanzwe ukorera mu bihugu birenga 10 bya Afurika, avuga ko icyo kibazo gikunze kubaho muri Afurika ku bikorwa binini by’imirimo y’ubwubatsi nk’amazu manini, ibiraro, imihanda ya gari ya moshi n’imihanda isanzwe.

Ati “Hari ikibazo kinini ndetse no mu Burayi ahari amategeko arengera uduce tubitse amateka bijya bihagaragara, ubusanzwe amategeko avuga ko ahagiye guca igikorwa cy’ubwubatsi cyatewe inkunga n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’uburayi cyangwa Banki y’isi, habanza kunyura abashakashatsi ku mateka bakareba niba nta bintu bikungahaye ku mateka bihari bikenewe mu bushakashatsi mbere yo kubaka umuhanda.

Icyo gihe abashakashatsi babanza kuhanyura bakareba basanga bihari bakabitwara, ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi nabyo bigakomeza kandi hatabayeho gukererwa kw’imirimo.”

Alexandre Smith akomeza avuga ko kugeza ubu ibihugu bya Afurika bikigenda biguru ntege mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo amategeko ateganya, uretse cameroun yo kuri ubu isanzwe ibishyira mu bikorwa.

Ubwo hatangizwaga imirimu y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye muri kimwe mu birombe byo mu gihugu cya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, habonetse kimwe mu bintu byo mu bihe bya kera gifite agaciro, abajijwe icyo ari cyo yavuze ko bikiri ibanga kuko abanyamategeko ba sosiyete yakoranye n’abashakashatsi mu mateka bakora ubushakashatsi aho ikirombe kiri, babasabye kubigira ibanga ntibatangaze icyo ari cyo.

Ibintu bitandukanye biranga amateka ya Afurika

Akomeza avuga ko ari ibanga ariko yatangajwe n’icyo kintu cyavumbuwe.

Ati “Ndaguha urugero gusa ni ibintu nasabwe kugira ibanga kuko nta burenganzira mfite bwo kubivugaho, twavumbuye ikintu cy’agaciro kadasanzwe ahantu hari imirimo y’ubwubatsi mu kirombe giherereye muri RDC. Uyu munsi hariho umurage munini urimo urimburwa, iyo tudakora ubushakashatsi ntabwo tuba twarabonye icyo kintu cy’agaciro kadasanzwe, nta muntu wari uzi ko gihari , rero iyo bakora ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi badahamagaje ikipe y’abashakashatsi ntabwo cyari kuba cyarabonetse”.

Uretse muri RDC anavuga ko mu byo yibuka ahagiye hakorwa imihanda hakaboneka ibintu bibumbatiye amateka, harimo no mu Bufaransa no mu Bubiligi.

Ubwo bubakaga umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza umujyi wa Paris n’umujyi wa Buruseli ku birometero 73, habonetse ahantu habumbatiye amateka 92 muri ho harimo 32 habonetse ibintu by’ingenzi bibumbatiye amateka yo mu bihe bya kera, mu gihe ari na ko byagenze ubwo bubakaga umuhanda uhuza Buruseli n’umujyi wa Lille mu Bufaransa.

Arateganya gushyira ingufu ku mikoranire n’abashakashatsi b’u Rwanda

Mu gihe mu Rwanda hakiri icyuho ku bushakashatsi mu mateka mu ishami ryo kwiga ibisigazwa byo mu matongo (Collections archeologiques), ateganya gukorana n’abashakashatsi b’u Rwanda kurushaho guteza imbere uru rwego.

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda bimwe mu bigaragara bibitse amateka yo mu bihe bya kera harimo ibikorwa by’ububumbyi ahari bimwe mu bikoresho byabumbwe bimaze imyaka iri hagati ya 2000 na 2500, ibikoresho bimwe byo mu bihe bya kera bikomoka ku mirimo y’ubucuzi n’ibindi.

Mu bisigazwa by’amateka byerekeye u Rwanda biboneka muri Africa Museum iherereye, harimo bimwe mu bikoresho by’Umwami Cyirima II Rujugira n’Umuryango we birimo inyundo, utubindi, inkono y’itabi, umuvuba n’ibindi byataburuwe mu mva ye. Ibyo bikoresho bivugwa ko byaba bimaze imyaka irenga 300 kuko uyu mwami yabayeho mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 18.

Smith n’itsinda arimo rikora ubushakashatsi baranateganya kubukora ku bisigazwa by’amateka bya UREWE bivugwa ko ari bimwe mu bimaze igihe kirekire bigaragara muri Afurika mu bijyanye n’ububumbyi. Ibi bisigazwa bya UREWE biboneka mu Rwanda, Kenya no mu gihugu cy’uburundi.

Uyu mushakashatsi akomeza asaba ibihugu bya Afurika gushyira ingufu mu bikorwa by’ubushakashatsi bongera amafaranga y’ingengo y’imari asanzwe agenda kuri ibyo bikorwa.

Alexandre Livigstone Smith ni umwuzukuruza w’inkomarume (Explorateur), David Livingstone, wavumbuye ibintu byinshi bitandukanye muri Afurika, ubwo Abanyaburayi bageraga muri Afurika.

Sekuru Dr David Livingstone yapfuye mu mwaka wa 1873, ubwo yashakaga isoko y’uruzi rwa Nil, yaguye muri Zambia yishwe na Malaria.

David Livingstone mu byo azwiho ni uko ari we wavumbuye isumo rya Victoria riri mu majyepfo ya Afurika, ubwirohero bw’uruzi rwa Zambeze, ni na we muntu wa mbere wabashije gukora urugendo rwambukiranya Afurika ruturutse ku Nyanja ya Atlantika rukagera ku Nyanja y’abahinde.

Umwuzukuruza we Alexandre Livingstone ufite inkomoko mu Bwongereza ariko akaba akorera mu Bubiligi mu nzu Ndangamurage ya Afurika, na we yiyemeje kugera ikirenge mu cya sekuru aho amaze igihe kirekire akora ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Afurika ku bijyanye n’ibisigazwa byo mu matongo (Collections Archelogiques). Yagiye akorera mu bihugu bitandukanye nk’Uu Burundi, Benin, RDC, Mali, Burukinafaso, enegali, Libya, Cameroun, Congo Brazzaville n’ahandi.

Asanzwe ari umwalimu w’amateka muri Kaminuza ya ULB mu Bubirigi aho yanakuye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga mu mateka, asanzwe ari inzobere ku mateka ya Afurika mu ishami ry’ibisigazwa byo mu matongo (Archelogie) n’ububumbyi (Poterie).