Uwabikoze yari umukozi w’urubuga rwakira ubusabe bw’impushya, wafunguye konti z’impimbano, azikoresha mu kunyereza Amadolari asaga 478,000 avuye mu bwishyu bwabaga bwakozwe byemewe n’amategeko.

Ibyo uwo mukozi yakoze, byamenyekanye nyuma y’uko akoresheje ayo mafaranga mu kugura imitungo itandukanye, akayandikisha mu mazina ye bwite.

Uwo ni umwe mu bandi benshi bavugwa muri Raporo y’Igihugu yo mu 2024, y’isesengura ku mafaranga anyerezwa n’ashobora kuba yakoreshwa mu gutera inkunga iterabwoba (Rwanda’s 2024 National Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Risk Assessment Report), muri iyo raporo hagaragazwa ko asaga Miliyari 93 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda yanyerejwe, ava mu mutungo w’Igihugu hagati y’umwaka wa 2019 na 2024.

Muri iyo raporo bivugwa ko ibyaha byagaragaye muri uko guhungabanya ubukungu bw’Igihugu harimo Kunyereza umutungo (embezzlement), Uburiganya (fraud), ibibazo bijyanye n’imisoro (Taxe crimes) n’ibyaha byo kuri Interineti (cybercrimes). Ibyaha bine bya mbere byihariye 96% by’amafaranga yanyerejwe yose.

Raporo ya 2018-2019 yagaragaje ko ibyaha bijyanye n’imisoro byihariye 20% by’Amafaranga yanyerejwe, bingana na Miliyari 18.77 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Ibyaha bikomeye byagaragaye

Kunyereza umutungo 39%

Ni cyo cyaha cyakozwe hanyerezwa amafaranga menshi kurusha ibindi. Iperereza ryakorewe ku manza 734 z’ubuhemu, harimo urw’umuyobozi wa banki wahawe amazina ya Mr Nk, wakoresheje konti zitagikoreshwa na ba nyirazo (dormant accounts) yohereza Miliyoni 289Frw mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Uwo yakatiwe n’urukiko gufungwa imyaka 7 no gutanga ihazabu ya Miliyoni 867Frw.

Uburiganya 24%

Uburiganya bwakoreshejwe mu kunyereza abarirwa muri 20% y’ayanyerejwe yose hagati ya 2019-2024. Ibirego byatanzwe muri urwo rwego bikaba bibarirwa muri 837. Raporo ivuga ko uburiganya bwahinduye isura, bukajya mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, hazamo ubucuruzi bw’amafaranga y’uruhererekane (pyramid schemes), uburiganya bwa za ‘Mobile Money’ n’uburiganya bwa ‘cryptocurrency’.

Muri dosiye imwe, umunyamahanga yashinze banki y’impimbano ayita ‘XXX Ltd’, ayikoresha mu kunyereza Miliyoni 3.4 z’Amadolari, binyuze muri sosiyete 48 z’impimbano.

Izo sosiyete byaje kugaragara ko zakoreraga mu bihugu bya Zambia, u Butaliyani, u Rwanda na Canada, zitwikiriye ishoramari ry’ikinyoma kugira ngo zishobore kubona amafaranga. Mu gihe cy’iperereza inzego z’u Rwanda zashoboye kugaruza Miliyoni 2.4 z’Amadolari.

Hari kandi umukozi w’Umunyarwanda wakoraga ku rubuga rusabirwaho ibyangombwa byo kureba ingagi, washoboye kunyereza Amadolari 478,086 yishyuwe n’abakerarugendo, hanyuma agura imitungo itandukanye ayandika mu mazina ye. Yahanishijwe gufungwa imyaka 10 muri gereza no gutanga ihazabu ya Miliyoni 2.3 z’Amadolari.

Ku byaha bijyanye n’imisoro, nubwo ikigo cy’u Rwanda cy’imisoro n’amahoro, (Rwanda Revenue Authority) cyavuguruye uburyo bwo gukurikirana abanyereza imisoro, ariko ubushobozi buracyari bucyeya, ku buryo ibyaha byamenyekanye byo muri urwo rwego ari 116 gusa (2019-2024), ariko byabyaye igihombo gikomeye cyo ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

Ibyaha byo kuri interineti, cyane cyane bishamikiye ku buriganya bukorerwa kuri Mobile Money no ku makarita, ibyo bikaba byarihariye 13% by’ayanyerejwe. Hari umunyamahanga umwe washoboye kohereza mu Rwanda Amadolari 3,970 yari yibye abinyujije mu cyitwa ‘Xoom’ gikoreshwa mu kohereza amafaranga hirya no hino ku Isi.

Abanyarwanda 14 bari bahawe ikiraka cyo kubikura ayo mafaranga buri wese yishyuwe 20,000 by’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda, ariko uwacuze uwo mugambi we, yahanishijwe gufungwa imyaka ine (4) muri gereza.

Nubwo hari za Miliyari z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda zanyerejwe, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashoboye kugira macye cyane igaruza. Iyo raporo igaragaza ko muri dosiye zose 44 zijyanye no kunyereza umutungo wa Leta zakozweho iperereza muri icyo gihe, agera kuri Miliyoni 780.9Frws (Ni ukuvuga 636,000 by’Amadolari) yarafatiriwe binyuze mu byemezo by’urukiko, andi Miliyoni 40.4 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda afatirwa avuye ku banyamahanga bakekwagaho uruhare muri uko kunyereza umutungo.

Ibyo bivuze ko Leta yashoboye kugaruza atagera no kuri 1% by’ayanyerejwe yose nk’uko bikubiye muri iyo raporo.

Igira iti “Hari intege nkeya mu kugaruza umutungo wa Leta unyerezwa, kubera ibikoresho bicyeya, amahugurwa adahagije, ndetse n’imikoranire micyeya mu bijyanye no kwambukiranya imipaka, ibyo byose bidindiza uburyo bwo kugaruza umutungo wa Leta wanyerejwe”.

Iyo raporo kandi yagaragaje ko mu nzego zifite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n’ibyaha bishingiye ku mafaranga, harimo urwego rujyana n’ubuguzi n’ubukode bw’imitungo itimukanwa (real estate), bitewe ahanini n’uko nta mageteko abagenga ahagije ahari.

Nyuma y’iyo mibare yose, byagaragajwe ko u Rwanda ruhanganye n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibyaha byo mu rwego rw’imari (complex financial crime), kandi hakenewe amavugurura byihutirwa.

Iyo raporo yagarutse ku ngamba zagombye gufatwa muri urwo rwego, harimo kuvugurura no gukosora amategeko ajyanye n’imicungire y’umutungo wa Leta. Kongera ubushobozi bw’abagenzacyaha n’ubushinjacyaha, guteza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana imitungo yafatiriwe, kuvugurura uburyo bwo kubona amakuru n’ibindi.

U Rwanda kandi rurategenya kongera ubushobozi mu bijyanye no gufata no guhana abakora ibyaha byo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, no kuba umunyamuryango w’icyitwa (Egmont Group), rugamije kongera imikoranira mpuzamahanga.