Uburezi bwagize uruhare mu gutuma urwego rw’ubuzima ruzamuka

Uko ubuzima buhagaze mu gihugu biba bifite aho bihurira n’urwego uburezi buriho. U Rwanda rwashoye cyane mu burezi, ibyo bituma umubare w’abazi gusoma no kwandika uzamuka uva kuri 56.7% mu 1992, ugera kuri 83.1% mu 2024.

Abaturage bajijutse bazi gusoma no kwandika, bumva neza amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima bagafata ibyemezo byerekeye ubuzima bwabo bashingiye kuri ayo makuru ndetse bakagira uruhare mu ngamba zigamije gutuma bagira ubuzima bwiza n’imibereho myiza.

Muri urwo rwego rw’uburezi kandi, abarangiza kwiga za Kaminuza bariyongereye bava ku 2.870 mu 1995 bagera ku 431.606 mu 2022.

Uko kuzamuka k’urwego rw’uburezi, ni ko gutuma haboneka abakora mu rwego rw’ubuzima harimo abaganga, abaforomo, abashakashatsi, ibyo byose bikarushaho gufasha urwego rw’ubuzima gukora neza.

Imibare igaragaza ko impinduka zabaye mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi ahanini zijyana n’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza, kuko abaturage bari bafite ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza mu Rwanda bari 2.6% gusa mu 1992, ariko mu mpera z’umwaka ushize wa 2023, umubare w’Abanyarwanda bafite ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza wari kuri 97.3%.

Uko kuba bafite ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza bituma utunguwe n’indwara yoroherwa no kwivuza kuko ikiguzi cy’ubuvuzi kiba ari gito, bigatuma urwaye atabanza kurembera mu rugo kandi ubuzima bwe akabugira nyambere.

Izo mpinduka zo mu rwego rw’ubuzima kandi ni zo zatumye icyizere cy’ubuzima ku Banyarwanda kizamuka, aho mu 1992 icyizere cyo kubaho (life expectancy) ku Munyarwanda cyari imyaka 53.7, kirazamuka kigera ku myaka 69.6 mu 2024, ibyo bikaba byaravuye ku kwiyongera kw’imitangire ya serivisi z’ubuzima, gukumira no kurwanya ibyorezo, kongera uburyo bufasha abaturage kwivuza no kubona imiti, ndetse n’ingamba zitandukanye igihugu gifata hagamijwe kuzamura urwego rw’ubuzima.

Umubare w’ibitaro wariyongereye uva ku bitaro 14 gusa, mu gihugu cyose mu 1993 bifite abaganga b’abanyamwuga 117, uwo mubare urazumuka ugera ku bitaro 52 mu 2024, n’abaganga b’abanyamwuga bagera ku 1.223.

Umubare w’inka mu Rwanda nawo warazamutse ku buryo wikubye hafi kane, kuko warazamutse uva ku nka 321.331 ugera ku nka Miliyoni 1.5 mu 2022. Uko kuzamuka k’urwego rw’ubworozi kandi kwatumye n’ubuhinzi buzamuka bugira uruhare mu gutuma haboneka ibiribwa bihagije ndetse bwinjiza n’amafanga mu gihugu biturutse mu bucuruzi bwo kohereza umusaruro hanze y’igihugu.

Indi mpinduka yabaye mu rwego rw’ubukungu ni ukwandikisha ubutaka no gutanga ibyangombwa byabwo. Nubwo nta mibare ihari izwi y’ubutaka bwari bwanditswe kugeza mu 1994, ariko imibare yo muri uyu mwaka wa 2024, igaragaza ko ubutaka bugera kuri 11.719,464 bwanditswe ndetse hatangwa ibyangombwa byabwo, ibyo bikaba bingana na 100% by’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda.

Gutanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka ku baturage, byagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry’ubukungu , kuko bituma abaturage bashora imari mu butaka bwabo cyangwa se bakabukoresha nk’ingwate basaba inguzanyo muri za banki bagamije kwiteza imbere.

Mu rwego rw’iterambere ry’ibikorwaremezo, hari n’amatara yo ku mihanda y’u Rwanda nayo yariyongereye, kuko nubwo nta mibare ihari igaragaza uko imihanda yari iriho amatara mbere ya 1994, ariko ubu mu 2024, imihanda y’u Rwanda iriho amatara ibarirwa mu birometero 1.966 uwo akaba ari umuhigo ukomeye, kuko ayo matara yo ku mihanda agira uruhare mu kurinda umutekano, ndetse no mu iterambre kuko atuma abakora ubucuruzi butandukanye babukora amasaha menshi kurusha igihe amatara atari ahari ku mihanda.