Yolande Mukagasana

Naruhutse saa tanu nibuka ko nta muntu wigeze anshaka kuri telefone yanjye, ndebye nsanga ijwi ryayo sinarizamuye kuva nabyuka, abantu bampamagaye inshuro nyinshi bambuze. Narebye ubutumwa na bwo nsanga ni bwinshi cyane. Ntangirira ku bwo nabonaga nyirabwo ampamagara gake cyane kubera akazi kenshi nzi agira.

Nasomye ubwo butumwa gusa. Sinasetse, ahubwo nariruhukije. Nibajije niba ibyo nsoma ari byo cyangwa ari impuha, mpita mpamagara iyo nshuti nyibaza niba amakuru yanyandikiye ari yo, ahita anyoherereza noneho n’amafoto, Rusesabagina yambaye ikositimu n’agapfukamunwa, yambaye amapingu, akikijwe n’abapolisi b’Abanyarwanda babiri, mbona kubyemera.

Naramushimiye, mpita mboneraho gusoma ubundi butumwa nsanga bose ari cyo banshakiraga. Kumbwira ko gusa Rusesabagina yafashwe bimpa ikizere ko abaturage bose yahemukiye bashobora kubona ubutabera.

Nasubije bose ko iyo mba umucamanza nari kuzagwa mu mutego wo guhana Nsabimana Callixte n’abandi bafatanyacyaha be bavugisha ukuri, ariko sinihanukire wenda uko bigomba, kuko ashobora kuba yaratanze amakuru neza koko. Kandi nsanga no gushora mu bikorwa nk’ibya Rusesabagina umuntu w’imfubyi ya Jenoside, ari uburyo bwo kuyisonga kuko uwarokotse hari ubwo Jenoside iba yaramwishe mu mutwe, akaza ari inyongera ku be bayizize, bigashimisha abayikoze. Si we wenyine hari n’abandi biyanga nka we, umwanzi akabanza kubahuhura mu mutwe mbere yo kubakoresha abasezeranya ibidashoboka nk’ibyo mu nzozi harimo no guhakana cyangwa gupfobya Jenoside yamugize icyo ari cyo uyu munsi.

Ntiyaba abaye uwa mbere nk’uko ashobora kuba atari uwa nyuma. Ariko reka nshimire Nsabimana Callixte na bagenzi be ntazi baba bariyemeje kuvuga ukuri bagafasha ubutabera kuko Rusesabagina yashoboraga no kudafatwa niba ntibeshya kuko iyo aburana simba mpari, kandi nasanze afite ibyo yishingikirijeho harimo n’amafaranga akomoka mbere na mbere kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Sinaca imanza kuko ntemeranya n’ibyo bakoreye inzirakarengane za Nyaruguru n’ahandi, bazaryozwe ibyo bakoze kuko no mu bakoreye Jenoside Abatutsi, abemeye icyaha bagafasha ubutabera barababariwe bafungwa igice ikindi kiba akazi nsimburagifungo.

Hashize nk’imyaka itanu, umusinzi yanyuze iruhande rw’urugo rwanjye nimugoroba, arimo yivugisha. Arahagarara ararangurura ngo « Uyu mubyeyi hari ikindi yasigariye se uretse kuzabara inkuru? » Mpita nibuka ko bavuga ngo umusazi arasara akagwa ku ijambo. Nibajije nsanga koko nta kindi nasigariye ku isi. Umwanya rero nkirutegereje nk’ikinyabuzima cyose nta kindi nasigariye uretse kubara inkuru nzi zose kuri Jenoside. N’ubwo imyaka ibaye 26 hari byinshi bitankundira gusibama. Nka Rusesabagina ntiyasibika mu mutwe wanjye n’ubwo nakora iki.

Ndashimira cyane Tatiana, umugore wa Paul Rusesbabagina kuko twabaye inshuti zikomeye mbere ya Jenoside, tugatandukanwa na yo, nyamara mu bo nkesha kurokoka na we arimo, kuko ari we watumye ngera muri Hoteli ya Mille Collines akoresheje umugabo we. Si icyo kandi gusa, ibyo twasangiye muri ubwo bucuti ni byinshi na we arabizi kimwe na Paul.

Nubwo umugabo wanjye yari yaranze kongera kunyemerera gusurana no kwa Rusesabagina kuko yari yaramaze kubona ko Rusesabagina yanga Abatutsi cyane, yari yaremeye ko ubucuti bwanjye na Tatiana bukomeza. Twari tugize kuba twarakoranye muri serivisi ya Anésthesie (ibijyanye n’ikinya) muri CHUK nkahava ngiye kwikorera, nabatahiye ubukwe i Nyanza Rusesabagina ajya gusaba no gukwa Tatiana, ndara iwabo twitegura ubukwe buraye buzaba, ntaha ibirori byose birangiye dushyize ibintu mu mwanya wabyo.

Kubera ubucuti naherekeje Tatiana ajya kubyara inda ya mbere, uretse ibyago yigiriye umwana ntabeho, ariko ndibwira ko ujya guherekeza mugenzi we kubyara mu Kinyarwanda ni uko baba koko ari inshuti kandi yizewe. Na we kandi yambaye hafi muri Jenoside, ni na we nagiraga tuganira ikirangira. Ariko ambabarire hari ibyo umugabo we yankoreye byinshi byo gushinyagura ntakwihanganira ngo ndekere iyo nk’aho byaba bisanzwe kandi bidasanzwe.

Njya nibuka cyane na none ibaruwa yanditswe n’Abihayimana bari i Goma, bakayandikira Papa Paul wa II. Tatiana yayinyeretse mu ibanga umugabo we ari kuri Hoteli twe turi mu rugo. Icyambabaje si ibyari byanditsemo, kandi nyamara bitari gushimisha n’umwe mu barokotse Jenoside. Byahise binyibutsa abanjye bamaze kwicwa, n’izindi nzirakarengane z’Abatutsi abantu bose bimukaga mu mujyi wa Kigali kuko imirambo myinshi yari yaraboreye ku misozi. Numva umugabo wanjye yaramenye Rusesabagina kare, koko ko yari umupawa nubwo atari kubitwereka yabyerekaga abandi ba power na Leta yafatanyaga na yo. Ahubwo nibajije ukuntu ahura n’abagome bari i Goma muri icyo gihe, kuko nibajije ukuntu iyo baruwa yavuye i Goma ikagera i Kigali. Ikindi iyo numvaga agasuzuguro n’urwango afitiye FPR n’ubugome abivugana, nakwibuka ko iyo itabaho tuba tutararokotse, nakwibuka ko na we ubwe n’umuryango we ari ho bahungiye abonye aba pawa bafashe iya Congo yari Zaire, agahita anyarukira ku bo yabonaga batsinda urugamba, nkumva azi umubare ku cyerekeranye n’imibereho.

Kandi kubera abayobozi bazaga kwishimisha muri Hoteli ya Mille Collines buri mugoroba Jenoside yayogoje igihugu, ubwo banamubwiraga ukuri ko ku rugamba twe tutashoboraga kumenya. Nkibuka kandi ko Tatiana yabaye mu ba mbere bajyanwe muri zone ya FPR, Interahamwe zikabagarurira mu nzira akagenda ubwakurikiyeho.

Icyambabaje kindi ni amagambo Rusesabagina yavugaga muri icyo gihe atitangira kandi ntiyari ayobewe ko ankomeretsa. Nkanayaganira na musaza wa Tatiana wari umusilikari muri icyo gihe. Imyaka 26 ni myinshi ntawabonaga agahinda Paul Rusesabagina yatewe no kubona FPR itsinda urugamba. Ariko kandi n’ubwo jyewe nari narumvise impamvu Tatiana nanjye tutabona Jenoside kimwe, ni uko umubyeyi w’umugore iyo ava akagera arwana ku nyungu z’abana yabyaye. Nkumva ko impamvu yashigikiye umugabo we ari ukurengera inyungu z’abo babyaranye.

Naherukanaga na Tatiana muri 1995 nkigera i Buruseli, duhurira ku nshuti twari duhuriyeho, Tatiana afite igishakoshi kinini cyuzuye amadolari aje kubitsa muri banki yitwaga Belgolaise niba ikibaho simbizi, umugabo ukuze w’Umubiligi wayikoragamo numvaga bita Jean aza guhura na we aho twari turi. Naho umugabo we twahuye agiye kunyereka nta n’isoni aho yaguze appartement Laeken i Buruseli, nyuma nza kumenya ko noneho yaguze inzu nini muri karitsiye ikomeye ituwe n’abakire gusa na none i Buruseli muri Komini yitwa Woluwe Saint Pierre, ari na yo yatuyemo n’umuryango we kubera ubunini bwayo amaze guhunga u Rwanda. Sinigeze mpagera kuko nari naramaze kumva ko ntaho tugihuriye ahubwo duhanganye kubera Jenoside.

Nta kindi nzi naba narapfuye n’umugore wa Rusesabagina, nibaza ko iyo iriya filimi ya Hotel Rwanda idasohoka ngo mbone ayishyigikiye ntacyo twari gupfa kindi. Ariko kandi sinzanibagirwa urushyi yankubise ku itama i Buruseli, umunsi berekana bwa mbere iyo filimi, bayereka abanyamakuru mu rwego rwo kuyamamaza. Bakaba baravugaga ko yamamazwa na Amnesty International kandi nari mpanganye na yo bikabije. Uko abandi bashimishwa no kuyireba, numvaga inteye kwiheba kurushaho kuko nasanze ipfobya cyane Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hagamijwe kwerekana Rusesabagina uko atari kuko nari muzi bihagije, kandi nzi ko ndi jyenyine.

Ariko nanibuka ko hari impamvu filimi yakozwe kandi igakorwa n’abazungu kubera impamvu zabo wenda z’inyungu za politiki. Abayikoze kandi nta gaciro na bo ubwabo bahaga Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera uko bafata abirabura muri rusange.

Noneho n’abadutanze imbere bayipfobya mu kuyivuga ni abayiteguye bakanayikora. Ndibuka ntanga ubuhamya bwa mbere kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, mu bantu barenga igihumbi bari bari muri icyo cyumba tariki ya 7 Mata 1995, hafi ya bose bari abera n’amaradiyo yabo, ndetse n’abasize bahekuye u Rwanda. Nari igishushungwa rwose no guhagarara ubwabyo bitanyoroheye, kuko numvaga meze nk’umusilikari uri ku rugamba n’ubwo ntigeze mba we, akaba yishwe n’inzara kandi agomba gukomeza kurwana byibura agapfa arwana.

Ubajije uko koko Rusesabagina yakijije ibihumbi ngo by’Abatutsi muri Jenoside ari wenyine, bakakubwira ko ari ibihimbano (fiction) ngo bavanze n’ukuri, ukumva biteye urujijo. Umunyamakuru wantumiye yahise atangira kumbaza icyo mvuga kuri filimi nziza nka Hotel Rwanda, mubwira ko nayanze cyane aratangara. Natangiye kwisobanura areka kongera kumbaza, aragenda, mpita negera umugore wa Rusesabagina nk’inshuti, mubwira ko babeshya cyane, ahubwo iyo filimi jye mbona ari agashinyaguro ku barokotse.

Yahise anyikubitira urushyi rwiza mu gutwi kandi aseka, ntiyagira icyo asubiza. Nanjye mpita nitahira. Ibyo nabwiye umunyamakuru na byo ntibyigeze bisohoka kuko babikuyemo bakerekana iby’abayivuga neza gusa. Ibyo ngibyo ariko ntibyanciye intege kuko nakomeje kurwanya ikinyoma cya Rusesabagina uko nshoboye kuko nabonaga atazwi ari igikoresho bagiye gukoresha ku Rwanda.

Yakoresheje iyo filimi ahabwa ibihembo byinshi ngo yarokoye Abatutsi, nkibaza aho yari kubona ingufu za wenyine kuko ntawamufashije ugaragazwa na yo. Bamugize umunyabwenge w’igitangaza aba ari bwo akoresha ngo n’ubucuti bwe n’Interahamwe zimwe na zimwe. Yibwiye ko ikinyoma gihera nyamara nubwo gitinda kigeraho kikamenyekana. Hari za Kaminuza nyinshi z’i Burayi zatumiragaga Rusesabagina waremwe n’abazungu ngo bapfobye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko nubwo twari tutanarenze batatu, hari aho twashoboye kumwimisha ijambo n’ubwo atari henshi biruta ubusa.

Paul Rusesabagina aherutse gutabwa muri yombi. Arashinjwa ibyaha birimo kurema no kuyobora ihuriro ry’imitwe y’iterabwoba

Ariko Rusesabagina yayobewe amateka niba atayirengagije cyangwa se ngo ayasobanurirwe. Schindler ko yari umu Nazi mu Budage, na Rusesabagina yari Interahamwe? Sinigeze mbona Rusesabagina yica n’umupanga, ntampongano, icyuma se cyangwa imbunda. Yicishije inyota y’ubutegetsi n’amafaranga.
Uwabonye Filimi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi bise « Liste de Schindler » cyangwa se « Schindler’s List, » ni yo bashatse gukora kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyamara iyo bitonda kuko ba Schindler b’Abarokotse Jenoside ntabwo Rusesabagina abarimo. Abacu turabazi, na Leta yarabamenye kuko tubavuga, tukabana na bo, tukabaha n’icyubahiro bakwiye. Schindler baturemera bazamwigumanire.

Rusesabagina azasubire muri byinshi yavuze kandi yakoze mu kwiyemera kuko hari ibyarenze kamere. Kubona abeshya ngo Leta y’u Rwanda yahaye igihembo Sebushumba ihita imwica kitageze mu rugo iwe? Jye Sebushumba twaribonaniye nyuma y’icyo gihembo musanze iwe ku Rwesero nkora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ibya Leta simbizi sinabivuga ngo ko bahitishijemo Rusesabagina Minisiteri ashaka kuyobora no kuba ambasaderi w’u Rwanda aho ashaka byose ngo akabyanga, ngo bashaka no kumuha igihembo akacyanga. Kuki atanze icya Bush se?

Yari azi neza ko atatinyuka kugifata imbere yacu abanyuze muri Hotel des Mille Collines. Ariko kandi ibyo bireba ababimubwiye batamuzi ni ibyabo nyine. Ariko ku bya Jenoside ntazongere kwirata ubutwari, ubwiza n’ubunyangamugayo afite kuko ntabwo.

Rusesabagina ari we Schindler ni igihangano cy’abazungu azajye ababwira ibyo bashaka kumva kuko batamuzi mu ntambara yo kwibohora no muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Narangiza mvuga ngo : burya koko inda iyo wiyemeje kuyikoresha birangira ari yo igukoresha yarasimbuye ubwonko, kandi wayiha ntihage. Ibihe biha ibindi, hari ubwo nifuza guhura n’abari inshuti za Rusesabagina baganiraga kenshi niba atari buri mugoroba ariko bamwe birababaje kuba batakiri kuri iyi si ngo numve icyo bavuga ku ifatwa rye nka Seth Sendashonga n’abandi. Sinanze utavuga rumwe n’undi mu bya politiki, buri wese afite uburenganzira bwo gukora politiki.

Ndihaniza ku mugaragaro: Icyo nihanije buri wese ushaka kurwanya u Rwanda, namubwira iki, ariko niyirinde kugira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi urwitwazo rw’inda nini. Yibuke ko bizwi ko FPR ari yo yayihagaritse haguye abana benshi babaye ibitambo kugira ngo u Rwanda rudasibama mu isi rugasigara ari amateka gusa. Akoreshe ibyo ashaka byose n’uko ashaka, abe icyo ashaka, yibagirwe gutunga n’agatoki ke Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ni amateka y’Abanyarwanda bababajwe na yo kandi azakurikirana n’abana bavuka n’abazavuka mu myaka ibihumbi itaha kandi ari inzirakarengane.

Amenye ko ayo mateka azahoraho iteka ryose. Abanyarwanda basimbutse umurongp batagombaga kurenga kandi byose babikoresha poilitiki. Bazambarize Rusesabagina uvuga ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi icuruzwa na FPR, ari we ari na FPR, uwacuruje Jenoside ari nde!

Yolande Mukagasana ni Umwanditsi n’umushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Amateka ye wayasoma mu gitabo yatangiriyeho mu 1997 cyitwa ‘La mort ne veut pas de moi’ cyangwa ‘Not my time to die’ kikaba kiri no mu zindi ndimi nk’Igiheburayo, Igitaliyani n’izindi nyinshi.