Inzu zubakishije sima

Mu 1991, mu Rwanda habarurwaga 7,1% by’inzu zubakishije sima, kandi muri zo inyinshi zari ziganje mu mujyi wa Kigali no mu dusantire tw’ubucuruzi. Mu byaro henshi bakoreshaga ishwagara, ahandi bagakurungira n’amase, abandi bakibera muri nyakatsi. Kugeza mu 2022 imiryango ituye mu nzu za sima yabarirwaga muri 48,1% mu gihugu hose, inzu za nyakatsi zo ubu zamaze kuba amateka.

Inzu za sima, zaba iza kera cyangwa iz’ubu, nazo wasangaga ziri mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n’amikoro, ariko ubu mu gihugu hose hari inzu zubatse mu buryo bw’imidugudu nk’uko politike y’igihugu ibisaba, kandi n’abatari mu midugudu, abenshi bari mu nzu zubakishije sima nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza: 7,1% (1991), 48,1% (2022).

Abagerwaho n’amazi

Mu Rwanda, mu 1991 abantu babashaga kubona amazi bari ku kigero cya 26,3%, ariko kugeza ubu amazi aragera kuri 87,4% by’abaturage. Kugira ngo iyo mibare izamuke ku buryo bufatika, byagombye imbaraga nyinshi uhereye ku mpinduka zagiye ziba mu kigo cy’igihugu cyari gishinzwe gukwirakwiza amazi n’amashanyarazi (EECTROGAZ 1976 - 2009), kugeza mu 2014 ubwo cyakorwagamo ibigo bibiri REG na WASAC hagamijwe kunoza no kugeza ibikorwa kuri benshi.

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hari inganda nini enye zitunganya amazi, zirimo urwa Nzonve II mu i Kanyinya mu karere ka Gasabo, rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya m3 105,000 zaje ziyongera kuri m3 15,000 zitangwa n’urwa Karenge mu Karere ka Rwamagana, na m3 25,000 zitangwa n’urwa Kimisagara mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Kuri uwo musaruro kandi, hiyongereyeho utangwa n’uruganda rushya rwa Kanzenze mu Karere ka Bugesera rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya m3 40,000 ku munsi, 30,000 zigakwirakwizwa mu Bugesera, 10,000 mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Abagerwaho n’amashanyarazi

Imibare itangwa na Banki y’Isi, yerekana ko abantu bagerwagaho n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi mu Rwanda mu 1991 bari 2,4%, barazamuka bagera kuri 6% mu 2009, naho mu 2023 bagera kuri 74,$%.
Kugeza ubu u Rwanda rwagejeje amashanyarazi ku kigero cya 100% ku bigo nderabuzima n’inyubako z’ubuyobozi ku rwego rw’akarere no ku kigero cya 84% by’amashuri n’abafite ibikorwa biyabyaza umusaruro (ba rwiyemezamirimo bato n’abaciriritse).

Imihanda ya kaburimbo

U Rwanda rwa mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, by’umwihariko mu 1993, rwarangwaga n’ikirere cyuzuyemo umukungugu cyane cyane mu mpeshyi kubera ko imihanda myinshi yo mu nkengero z’umujyi no mu byaro nta kaburimbo yari irimo.

Mu bice hafi ya byose bikikije umujyi wa Kigali birimo imihanda irimo kaburimbo, hari n’imihanda mishya yaharuwe aho itari iri, ku buryo kugeza ubu muri 2024, mu gihugu hose hari imihanda ireshya na 2,652km yose irimo kaburimbo ivuye kuri 530km mu 1993.

Ubwikorezi

Ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu mu Rwanda nabyo bimaze gutera intambwe ishimishije cyane, kubera ko leta yakomoreye abikorera, ibaha umwanya wo kugira uruhare mu guteza imbere urwo rwego rw’ubucuruzi.

Mu Rwanda rwa mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, habaga ikigo kimwe rukumbi cyo gutwara abantu kitwaga ONATRACOM, cyari gifite bisi zo mu bwoko bwa Nissan na Fuji zabarirwaga muri 40 ahagana mu 1983 na bisi ntoya za Daihatsu 15. Nyuma ya Jenoside ni bwo haje bisi nshya zo mu bwoko bwitwa ISUZU.

Mu kazi ko gutwara abantu, ONATRACOM yunganirwaga n’imodoka nto z’abikorera, ariko nazo zitari zihagije, kuko wasangaga abantu bivanga n’amatungo n’imizigo, ab’intege nke bakahazaharira.

Kugeza mu 2016, ONATRACOM yari ikigerageza gukora ariko icumbagira cyane, ikunganirwa n’ibindi bigo by’abikorera byari bimaze kuba byinshi mu gihugu, kugeza ubwo yaje guseswa kubera kunanirwa kwishyura imyenda ya miliyari 4,6FRW. Bisi zayo zisaga 80 zari zitagikora zaje kugurishwa muri Kenya ahari ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvugurura imodoka zishaje.

ONATRACOM imaze guseswa yasimbuwe na RITCO, kimwe mu bigo 47 bitwara abantu u Rwanda rufite kugeza ubu, byose hamwe bifite imodoka 2,948 zirimo bisi nini n’intoya.

Hoteli zifite inyenyeri

Mu 1991, u Rwanda rwari rufite hoteli ebyiri gusa zifite inyenyeri (Hotel des Mille Collines na Hotel Meridien Umubano). Ariko kugeza mu 2022, mu gihugu habarirwaga hoteli 37 zifite inyenyeri, harimo izifite inyenyeri eshanu (Kigali Marriot Hotel, One&Only Gorilla’s Nest, Radisson Blu Hotel & Convention Centre n’izindi).

Andi makuru kuri Hoteli zifite inyenyeri kanda hano —>

Abakerarugendo

Ubukerarugendo ni rwo rwego nyamukuru rwinjiriza u Rwanda amadevize. Imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Iterambere RDB, yerekana ko amadevize yinjiye yazamutse ku kigero cya 25% buri mwaka uhereye mu 2013-2018.

Ubukerarugendo kandi bugira uruhare nyamukuru mu guteza imbere ibyoherezwa hanze. Mu 2014 honyine, ubukerarugendo bwinjije miliyoni 305 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Ni mu gihe Raporo ya RDB yo mu 2023 yerekana ko ibyo ubukerarugendo bwinjije byazamutseho 36% bivuye kuri miliyoni 445$ mu 2022 bigera kuri miliyoni 620$ mu 2023 (angana hafi na miliyari 800FRW).

Uyu musaruro ukaba waraturutse ku mubare w’abakerarugendo basura u Rwanda wagiye wiyongera uko imyaka ishira indi igataha, kuko imibare ihari igaragaza ko mu 1988 u Rwanda rwasuwe na bamukerarugendo 32,000 ugereranyije na miliyoni 1,4 barusuye mu 2023.

Ingagi (Ifoto y’imva ya Dian Fossey 1985, n’iy’abakerarugendo basuye ingagi 2022)
Mu 1989, muri Parike y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga y’u Rwanda habarirwaga ingagi 355, ariko kugeza ubu imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB), igaragaza ko mu 2024, mu Rwanda hari ingagi 1,000 harimo 604 zo mu Birunga.

Uku kwiyongera bikaba biterwa n’imbaraga zashyizwe mu gusigasira ingagi, by’umwihariko izo mu Birunga, kuko kugeza ubu zitakibarizwa ku rutonde rw’ibinyabuzima biri mu marembera, nk’uko byari byifashe mu myaka 21 ishize.

Imibare itangwa na RDB kandi, igaragza ko u Rwanda rwinjije Miliyoni 247 z’Amadolari ya Amerika mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2023, aho yazamutse ku kigero cya 56% ugereranyije n’amezi atandatu ya 2022.

Abantu bavuga indimi zirenze rumwe

Mu 1991, haba mu nzego z’ubutegetsi, ubucuruzi, ubukerarugendo n’izindi, wasangaga abantu bari bashoboye kuvuga indimi zirenze rumwe ari mbarwa kuko bari ku kigero cya 8,3% ugereranyije na 24,8% mu 2024.

Iri terambere mu mikoreshereze y’indimi ryatewe n’uko mu Rwanda, uko imyaka yagiye ishira, haje amashuri yigenga, harimo n’ayo ku rwego mpuzamahanga yigisha mu Gifaransa no mu Cyongereza, amwe muri yo akigisha n’izindi ndimi ari nako hakenerwa abarimu bazi neza izo ndimi baba abo mu Rwanda cyangwa abaturutse hanze.

Raporo yakozwe na Banki y’Isi mu 2018, yagaragaje ko hakenewe cyane amahugurwa y’abarimu mu Cyongereza kuko 38% by’abigisha kuva mu wa mbere kugira mu wa gatatu ari bo bonyine bari bafite ubumenyi buhagije mu Cyongereza.

Abafite ubumuga bwo kutavuga no kumva, nabo kugeza ubu babasha gukurikira amakuru kuri televiziyo nyuma y’uko leta y’u Rwanda ishyizeho gahunda yo guhugura abanyamakuru mu gukoresha imvugo y’amarenga.

Mu Rwanda kandi hari amashuri yigisha indimi zitandukanye, zirimo, Igiswayili, Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igishinwa, Ikidage, Igiporutigali, Icyesipanyole n’izindi.

Ingoro z’umurage

Kubera politike mbi yari ishingiye ku kugoreka amateka y’igihugu, mu Rwanda nta mbaraga zigeze zishyirwa mu kubungabunga amateka n’umurage by’igihugu. Mu 1990, u Rwanda rwari rufite inzu ndangamurage ebyiri gusa, nazo zitari zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Iyamenyekanye cyane n’inzu ndangamurage w’u Rwanda ya Butare (Huye), yaje guhinduka Ingoro y’Umurage w’Amateka y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda. Indi ni ingoro y’umurage yitiriwe Richard Kandt umukoloni w’umudage (Nyarugenge-Kigali).

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hari ingoro z’umurage zikurikira:

1. Ingoro y’Umurage w’Amateka y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda
2. Ingoro y’Abami mu Rukari
3. Ingoro Ndangamurage yo Kwigira
4. Ingoro y’Umurage Yitiriwe Kandt
5. Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Guhagarika Jenoside (Igizwe n’ibice bibiri)
6. Ingoro y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni
7. Ingoro y’Umurage w’Ibidukikije
8. Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Kubohora u Rwanda

Fungura —> hano urebe ibisobanuro n’amafoto bijyanye n’Ingoro n’Ahantu ndangamurage/ndangamateka

Abandi bagize uruhare muri iyi nkurur:

Anne Marie Niwemwiza
Jean de la Croix Tabaro
Fred Mwasa