Ubwo buryo bushya burimo gutegurwa, ni bwo bugezweho kandi buzatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri uyu mwaka wa 2025. Ni uburyo buzafasha ubuyobozi kumenya ubwoko n’ingano y’imyuka ihumanya buri kinyabiziga gisohora hashingiwe ku bipimo bya siyansi. Abafite ibinyabiziga, bazajya basabwa gukora ibikenewe, mu gihe bigaragaye ko ikigero cy’imyuka ihumanye kirenze icyemewe.

Bitandukanye n’isuzuma rusange ry’umutekano w’ibinyabiziga (contrôle technique) risanzwe rikorwa, rigasuzuma ibintu bitandukanye, nk’amapine, feri n’ibindi bijyanye n’uko ikinyabiziga kimeze, ubwo buryo bushya bwo, buzajya bureba iby’iyo myuka ihumanya ubwayo. Buzajya bupima ibinyabutabire biri mu muyoboro w’imyuka isohoka mu binyabiziga, birimo;
Monokiside ya karubone (CO), Hydrokaruboni (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), ndetse n’ibyitwa ‘particulate matter (PM2.5)’.

Ibyo bigiye gutangira gukorwa, ni ingenzi kuko umwuka uhumanye cyane mu Rwanda, by’umwihariko mu Mujyi wa Kigali, n’ahandi hamwe na hamwe, kuko guhumana kwawo kwageze ku rwego ruteye impungenge. Imibare y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, igaragaza ko umwuka abantu bahumeka mu gihugu, ushobora kuba uhumanye inshuro eshanu ugereranyije n’igipimo giteganyijwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Raporo ku buziranenge bw’umwuka yakozwe na Guverinoma mu 2018, yerekanye ko ibipimo by’ikinyabutabire cya ‘PM2.5’ bigera ku nshuro 5 z’izo Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ( OMS/WHO) ryemera nk’urugero ntarengwa rwa ‘5 µg/m³’ ku mwaka. Kandi ibinyabiziga bifite moteri zishaje ni kimwe mu bikomeje guteza icyo kibazo.

Intego nyamukuru y’ikoreshwa ry’ubwo buryo bushya, ni ugutuma ibinyabiziga bisohora imyuka yangiza irengeje 0.1g/km bigaragara, noneho bigasanwa cyangwa se bitakosorwa bikavanwa mu muhanda burundu.

Ibyo bipimo bijyanye n’ibisabwa muri “Euro 4”, kuko ari yo u Rwanda rwahisemo kugenderaho muri izo ngamba,bitewe n’uko rufite ibinyabiziga byinshi byakoreshejwe. Iyo ruramuka ruhisemo gushyira mu bikorwa “Euro 7” byari gutuma ibinyabiziga hafi ya byose biri mu gihugu, bidakomeza kwemererwa kugenda mu mihanda.

Icyo gikorwa kandi cyo gusuzuma imyuka isohoka mu binyabiziga mu Rwanda, kigamije guhuza iterambere n’ubuzima bwiza, aho iterambere ry’ubwikorezi ridatuma umwuka abantu bahumeka uba mubi. Gusa, gushyira mu bikorwa ibikubiye muri ‘Euro 4’ bizafasha kongera ubwiza bw’umwuka abantu bahumeka, ariko bidahungabanyije imibereho y’abakoresha ibinyabiziga bishaje.

Ni ibiki bigiye guhinduka?

Isuzuma ry’ibinyabiziga rizwi nka “contrôle technique” risanzwe rikorwa harebwa niba imodoka ifite ubuzima bwizewe bwatuma ikomeza kugenda mu muhanda. Hari aho bareba n’umwotsi, ariko ntibareba ubwoko bw’umwotsi usohoka, n’ibiwusohokamo bihumanya, byasuzumwe ku buryo bwimbitse.

Ubwo buryo bushya rero, buzifashisha ibyuma cyangwa se ibikoresho bigezweho bipima imyuka, ndetse bushobora no kwifashisha ‘systems’ zizwi nka “PEMS” (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) ku binyabiziga binini. Ni uburyo kandi buzaba buhagarariwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (REMA), ariko buhurizwe hamwe n’uburyo bw’isuzuma ry’ibinyabiziga busanzwe bukorwa na Polisi.

Ubwo buryo bushya kandi, buzashyira u Rwanda ku rwego rw’ibihugu byubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga ajyana n’ikiswe ‘Paris Climate Agreement’, asaba ko habaho kugabanuka kw’imyotsi ihumanya ituruka mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi.
Ni ikihe kiguzi bizasaba?

Leta yashyizeho igiciro cyangwa se ikiguzi cy’ibisabwa, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ikinyabiziga n’urwego rw’ubushobozi bw’ababitunze ;
Moto zose, ( yaba izo abantu bagendaho bisanzwe n’izikora ubucuruzi cyangwa ubwikorezi rusange) zizajya zishyura 16.000 Frw ku mwaka, by’umwihariko izikoresha moteri za “2-stroke”.
Imodoka nto: 30.000 Frw ku mwaka
SUVs: 51.588 Frw ku mwaka
Taxis: 30.000 Frw, ariko zo zizasaba gupimwa kabiri ku mwaka
Amakamyo n’ibindi binyabiziga binini, harategurwa uburyo bwihariye, burimo no kubipima bihagaze (real-world testing - PEMS)

Nubwo bishoboka ko hari bamwe bazagira impungenge z’uko ibinyabiziga byabo bizapimwa bigasanga bitujuje ibisabwa, bityo bagasabwa amafaranga yo kubisana, ariko inyungu n’ibyiza ubwo buryo bushya bwo gupima imyuka yo mu binyabiziga buzazana ku bidukikije no ku buzima bw’abantu, harimo kubarinda indwara zo mu buhumekero, kugira umwuka wo guhumeka usukuye, kugira ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi neza, ziruta kure icyo kiguzi cyo gusana ikinyabiziga kitujuje ibisabwa mu isuzuma.

Ibibazo by’ubuzima rusange

Imiterere y’u Rwanda ituma imyuka ihumanya iguma hasi, cyane cyane mu mibande yo muri Kigali. Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yerekana ko abantu barenga Miliyoni 3.3 bagannye serivisi z’ubuvuzi kubera indwara z’ubuhumekero mu mwaka wa 2023.

Moto zonyine, zihariye hejuru ya 30% y’ibinyabiziga biri mu gihugu, kandi ngo ni zo zigize igice kinini cy’ikibazo gihari, kuko moteri zishaje zisohora imyuka myinshi yangiza. Ni yo mpamvu isuzuma ry’iyo myuka rizafasha mu kuvana moto zishaje mu muhanda no guteza imbere moto zikoresha amashanyarazi.

U Rwanda rufite urubuga rukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubwiza bw’umwuka ari rwo uru

Hari na application ya telefoni umuntu ashobora kwifashisha.
Ku wa kabiri, tariki 22 Nyakanga, iryo koranabuhanga ryerekanye ko Kigali yari mu ibara ritukura, mu gihe i Delhi, mu Buhinde, ahasanzwe hazwi cyane ko haba umwuka uhumanye cyane, ho byari mu ibara ry’umuhondo, bivuze ko mu Buhinde byari byiza kurusha muri Kigali.

Ibitekerezo by’abaturage

Bamwe mu baturage baribaza bati, “Kuki bigiye gukorwa ubu? Ese ntibizagira ingaruka ku bantu batunze imodoka zishaje? Leta irashaka amafaranga inyuze muri ubwo buryo?”

Ubuyobozi bwemeza ko ibyo bibazo byose byatekerejweho. Kuba u Rwanda rutarahise rugera kuri Euro 6 cyangwa Euro 7, ni uko rwari ruzi ko byatuma abenshi mu bafite imodoka zishaje badakomeza kuzikoresha. Ahubwo rwahisemo gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwa Euro 4 bwemera gusana ibinyabiziga bijyanye n’ibisabwa, kandi n’ibiciro by’iryo suzuma byagenwe harebwe ku bushobozi bw’abafite ibinyabiziga cyane cyane kuri za moto, no kubatwara imodoka ntoya zitwara abagenzi (city cab owners).

Ikindi, ubwo ngo ntabwo ari uburyo bwo gukusanya imisoro, ahubwo ni ukugira ngo haboneke igisubizo kirambye kuri icyo kibazo gihari. Ikindi ni uko niba imodoka y’umuntu runaka itsinzwe mu isuzuma, azahabwa raporo y’imyuka ikeneye kugabanywa. Garage zose zizahugurwa ku bisabwa muri iryo koranabuhanga, n’ibindi birimo guhindura amavuta, hagakoreshwa ayizewe atari abonetse yose. Ibyo byose kandi bishingiye ku bushakashatsi, ntabwo igitekerezo cy’abayobozi gusa.

Bisabwa ko hafatwa ingamba mu rwego rw’Akarere, ariko u Rwanda rwafashe iya mbere
Nubwo u Rwanda rufite ibinyabiziga bicyeya kurusha ibindi bihugu bituranye narwo, ariko rwahisemo gutanga urugero. Umwuka uhumanye ntumenya imipaka y’ibihugu. Imiyaga isanzwe izana imyuka ituruka no mu bihugu bihana imbibe n’u Rwanda.

Hashyizweho amategeko mu rwego rw’Akarere ka Afurika y’u Burasirazuba, ajyana n’ubuziranenge bw’umwuka, ariko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rikorwa ku buryo butandukanye. Ibyo U Rwnda rugiye gutangira gukora, bishobora kuba intangiriro nziza y’ubufatanye mu rwego rw’Akarere.

Ibikorwa biteganyijwe

Kanama 2025: Gutangira ubukangurambaga kuri moto
Guhera 2026: Gukomeza gukomereza ku bindi binyabiziga (imodoka z’abantu ku giti cyabo, taxis, SUVs, n’amakamyo)

Ibirimo gukorwa ubu: Gushyira ibikoresho bipima umwuka ahantu henshi no kugira ibikorwaremezo bifasha mu gusangira amakuru.

Icyerekezo ni uko u Rwanda ruzagira umwuka mwiza, abaturage bafite ubuzima bwiza, n’ubwikorezi butangiza ibidukikije. Ubutumwa butangwa bursobanutse, Umwuka mwiza si ukwinezeza, ahubwo ni uburenganzira bwa buri wese.