Mu magambo make, amazi ni umutungo kamere w’ingenzi ukenerwa n’abantu, ibimera n’inyamaswa kugira ngo babeho kandi bakure neza.

Abantu bayifashisha mu bikorwa bitandukanye birimo kuyanywa kugira ngo umubiri ukore neza, agakoreshwa mu guteka no gutegura ibiribwa, isuku y’umubiri, iy’ingo n’iy’ibidukikije.

Anafasha mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, agakoreshwa mu nganda no mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bitandukanye, hamwe no mu gukumira no kurwanya indwara binyuze mu isuku n’isukura.

Akamaro kayo ku bantu n’ibibakikije, gatuma ashakishwa hasi hejuru, rimwe na rimwe hakaba abashobora kubona atujuje ubuziranenge (yanduye), ariko bagahitamo kuyakoresha kubera ko aba akenewe, bagakurizamo indwara zishobora no kubaviramo urupfu.

Ibi bituma akenshi Leta z’Ibihugu zifata inshingano zo kugira ngo yegerezwe abantu kandi abagereho yujuje ubuziranenge, mu rwego rwo kurinda abaturage babo ibyago bashobora guterwa no kudakoresha amazi meza.

Ubundi amazi akoreshwa mu ngo z’abaturage aturuka ahantu hatandukanye, ariko mbere yo kubageraho aba yarabanje gukusanywa no gutunganywa kugira ngo abe meza kandi yujuje ubuziranenge.

Amazi menshi akoreshwa mu Mijyi n’ibyaro akurwa mu nzuzi n’imigezi minini, hari n’aho akurwa mu biyaga.

Hari kandi n’amazi ava mu butaka ashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo gutunganywa cyangwa rimwe na rimwe agatunganywa gake bitewe n’ubuziranenge bwayo.

Hari kandi amazi yo mu butaka (groundwater), akurwa mu mariba cyangwa mu byobo bicukuwe byimbitse.

Aya yose mbere yo kugera mu ngo, anyura mu ruganda ruyatunganya, agakurwamo umwanda n’ibyondo, hakicwa mikorobe n’izindi ndwara zayanduza, ubundi hagasuzumwa ubuziranenge bwayo kugira ngo yemezwe ko ashobora gukoreshwa, nyuma yaho, akayoborwa binyuze mu miyoboro akagezwa mu bigega no mu ngo z’abaturage.

Mu gukushaka kumenya byimbitse ubuziranenge bw’amazi Abanyarwanda by’umwihariko Abanyakigali bakoresha, twasuye uruganda rw’amazi rwa Nzove, rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya meterokibe ibihumbi 90 ku munsi by’amazi aturuka mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo, ubundi agatunganywa kugeza abaye urubogobogo, akoherezwa mu bice bitandukanye by’umujyi wa Kigali.

Aha rero bitewe n’ibihe amazi ntabwo asa kuko nko mu gihe cy’izuba aba atanduye kimwe no mu gihe cy’imvura.

Iyo agiye gukurwa mu mugezi habanza gufatwa igipimo kigaragaza uko amazi asa nk’ayijimye cyangwa arimo uduce duto duto tw’ibyondo, ivumbi, ibimera byapfuye, utunyabuzima cyangwa ibindi bintu bituma adasa neza (Turbidity).

Iyi Turbidity niyo igenderwaho hamenyekana ingano y’umuti uza gukoreshwa mu kuyasukura, kubera ko uko iba nyinshi ari nako umuti ukoreshwa wiyongera.

Nko mu ruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Nzove, muri iki gihe cy’izuba (Impeshyi), ikigero cya Turbidity kiba kiri hagati ya 400-600, ariko mu gihe cy’imvura ishobora no kugera ku 30,000, byose bigapimwa hakoreshejwe igipimo cyerekana uko amazi asa cyangwa uduce duto tw’umwanda, ibyondo cyangwa ibindi bintu bituma adasa neza (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit/NTU).

Twasanze ku ntangiriro z’uruganda rutunganya amazi hari igikoresho kihashyirwa wakwita nk’akayunguruzo k’imashini gakuramo imyanda minini mu mazi (Mechanical screen), bishobora kwinjira mu ruganda bikaba byakwangiza amapompo.

Kugira ngo amazi ashobore kuba atunganye neza binyura mu byiciro birindwi

Ibyiciro amazi anyuramo, birimo gufata amazi mu ruzi (Intake), aho amazi avanwa mu ruzi akajyanwa mu ruganda hakoreshejwe amapompo.

Hazamo kandi gukuramo imyanda minini (Screening), ahakurwamo amababi, amashami y’ibiti n’indi myanda minini.

Igikurikiraho, ni ugushyiramo imiti ifasha imyanda kwiyegeranya (Coagulation and Flocculation), ndetse no kureka imyanda ikikeneka hasi (Sedimentation).

Ubwo rero hakurikiraho kuyungurura (Filtration), aho amazi anyuzwa mu tuyunguruzo kugira ngo akurwemo uduce duto tw’umwanda, hanyuma hakazaho kuyashyiramo umuti wica mikorobe (Disinfection). Umuti ukunze gukoreshwa ni uwitwa ‘Chlorine’.

Injeniyeri ushinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi n’umusaruro w’uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Nzove, Joel Nshimiyimana, avuga ko bafite imashini nziza ziyungurura amazi ijana ku ijana.

Ati “Kuva mu tuyunguruzo tuba dufite amazi meza cyane, aba ari urubogobogo, ariko ntabwo wahita uyanywa, kuko uretse umwanda wavuyemo na bagiteri zagabanutse, ariko haba harimo ibintu udashobora kurebesha amaso yawe. Icyo gihe haba hakenewe ikindi cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gushyiramo umuti wica mikorobe (Disinfection).”

Yungamo ati “Dushyiramo umuti wica izo bagiteri, ntabwo dushyiramo uhagije gusa, dushyiramo n’urengaho, kugira ngo ayo mazi yacu agende umuti ukirimo, ku buryo naca mu matiyo ntabwo twamenya ibirimo, akayacamo afite uwo muti kugera mu bigega, no ku muturage.”

Nubwo aya mazi baba bizeye ubuziranenge bwayo kuko aba yapimwe, ariko ngo ntabwo bigarukira aho, kuko bagera no ku muturage bakongera bakayapima kugira ngo bemeze neza ko ayoherejwe ari yo yamugezeho.

Nshimiyimana ati “Mu ruganda twe turayanywa, kuko tuba tuyizeye, avuye no mu matiyo yacu asa neza, ariko ku muturage ntabwo nzi amajerekani avomeramo uko ameze, niyo mpamvu ntahita mvuga ngo nayafate ahite ayanywa, ariko nkanjye mu ruganda kuko mba mbyizeye ndayanywa nta kibazo, twese niyo dukoresha hano mu ruganda. Kugeza ubu uwayashyira mu kintu kimeze neza yahita ayanywa kuko aba atunganyije neza nta kibazo. Amazi ya WASAC ni amazi meza dukurikirana umunsi ku wundi kandi tuba twizeye ubuziranenge bwayo cyane.”

Uretse uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Nzove, amazi akoreshwa mu Mujyi wa Kigali aturuka no mu zindi nganda zirimo urwa Kanzenze, Kimisagara na Karenge.