Ntabwo ari iyo soko ya Rwakibirizi gusa ivugwaho kugira amazi meza, abantu banywa batabanje kuyateka cyangwa se ngo bayashyiremo indi miti yo kuyasukura kuko, hari n’indi soko iri ahitwa Rugeramigozi, abandi bita ngo ni isoko ya kwa Kayibanda mu Karere ka Muhanga, nayo abayivomaho ngo bayanywera aho, bakemeza ko ari meza adakeneye gutekwa.

Hari kandi isoko iherereye i Kibeho bita, ‘isoko ya Bikiramariya’ cyangwa se isoko y’amazi y’umugisha nayo, abantu bavomaho amazi bakayanywa nta kuyateka cyangwa se kuyatunganya kundi, kuko hari abemera ko ari amazi matagatifu akiza indwara, bityo bikaba bidakenewe ko asukurwa mu bundi buryo.

Ariko se habaho amazi y’isoko meza ashobora no kunyobwa adatetse cyangwa ngo atunganywe? Ibyo ni byo bisobanurwa na Dr Mukarunyana Brigitte, inzobere mu bijyanye no gupima no gusukura amazi akaba n’umwalimu mu Ishuri rikuru rya CST (College of Sciences and Technology).

Yagize ati,” Ntabwo wamenya ko amazi ari meza urebesheje amaso gusa. Ntibishoboka. Hari ayo ureba ukabona ari mabi kubera ko asa nabi, ariko kuba ari urubogobogo, uyareba gutya n’amaso nanone, ntabwo wamenya niba ari meza cyangwa atari meza.Hanyuma amazi amanuka mu musozi, bitewe n’ibigize uwo musozi amanukamo, cyangwa abantu batuye kuri uwo musozi, ashobora kuba afite ubuziranenge cyangwa atabufite. Iyo umusozi udatuwe, akenshi ayo mazi uretse kuba yakwanduzwa n’ikintu wayafatiyemo cyangwa se n’ibindi bintu byaba bigize ubutaka byayanduza, ubundi ayo mazi yagombye kuba ari meza, gusa ibyo ntibihagije."

“Ubundi amazi kugira ngo umenye ko ari meza ni ukayapima, kuko ubutaka iyo budahingwaho, buba butuweho. Cyera abantu babaga batuye batagaranye, isoko ikaba yaturuka ahantu mu butaka ntihure n’ibyanduza amazi. Ubu rero, amasoko cyane cyane aturuka ahantu hafi y’ingo, aho bahinga bakoresheje imiti n’amafumbire, aho bakorera ubworozi, n’ibindi bikorwa, kwemeza ko ari meza ni ukuyapima nta kindi. Bigaragara ko amazi asigaye yanduzwa n’ibintu bigenda bicengera mu butaka, ubundi uko amazi agenda yinjira mu butaka, agenda ayungururwa. Ku buryo utabonamo bya bindi wavuga uti, aya mazi arasa n’umukara cyangwa se afite irindi bara.Ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hari utuntu duto tw’ubutabire twinjirana nayo mu butaka, ntidushiremo nubwo agenda yiyungurura,…”.

Dr Mukarunyana asobanura ko bidakwiye ko umuntu anywa amazi yibwira ko ari meza, ashingiye gusa ku byo areba n’amaso kubera ko hari ibishobora kuba bitagaragara ku maso ariko imashini yo ikabibona.

Yemeza ko bibaho ko hari amasoko meza yigirira amazi meza, ashobora no kunyobwa nta bindi asabye byo kuyatunganya, bitewe n’aho isoko ituruka, kandi ayo masoko no mu Rwanda ngo arahari. Ariko ntibishoboka kwemeza ko isoko runaka ifite amazi meza yanyobwa, atabanje gupimwa muri laboratwari zabugenewe.

Yagize ati, “ Hari amazi y’isoko aba ari meza,ashobora no kunyobwa, bitewe n’aho isoko iri, kuko ibiyarimo byose nta cyo byakwangiza ku buzima. Ariko kugira ngo ubyizere ko nta kibazo ateye, bisaba kubanza kuyapima. Hari amazi ashobora guturuka mu butaka ari meza rwose, ariko akandura yenda kugera aho abantu bayafatira, bitewe n’ibikorerwa aho hafi, abahakorera ubuhinzi bushyirwamo ifumbire n’imiti itandukanye, abahicara bakaharira ibisheke, abandi bakahamesera, nibo bashobora kuyanduza kandi wenda yamanutse mu musozi ari mazima. Bitewe n’ubujyakuzimu amazi ariho,hari aho agera za mikorobe ntizibe zikirimo, ariko ibinyabutabire bindi ntibyavamo, bikurwamo n’inganda zibanje kubipima…”.

“Mu Rwanda ntihari amabuye akunda guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu mazi yo mu masoko nka ‘arsenic’, ariko hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku masoko yacu amwe, bwerekena ko utwo tuntu duhari ariko ducyeya. Kandi bizanwa n’ibintu bituruka mu kirere bikagwa ku butaka hanyuma bigahura n’amazi. Iyo arsenic ni mbi cyane ku buzima, iri mu byitwa ‘heavy metals’, ishobora kwica, kuko ibyinshi muri ibyo bintu bya ‘chimie’ bitera za Kanseri. Nko mu bihugu bya za Bangladesh, ikibazo cya ‘arsenic’ mu mazi, kirahari cyane, ukabona abantu batobotse intoki bazize amazi yo kunywa, ariko mu Rwanda ntabwo ikibazo kigeze aho”.

Dr Mukarunyana, avuga ko ahantu hatuwe kuhabona isoko ifite amazi meza bigoye cyane, kubera ko haba hari ubwiherero, n’ibindi byobo bifata imyanda (fosse septique), kandi ubwo bwiherero n’imyobo ifata amazi mabi, ni byo byakira imyanda isohoka mu mibiri y’abantu, harimo n’imiti abantu baba banyoye bivura indwara zitandukanye. Uko amazi agenda amanuka mu bataka, ya miti ikaba yagera mu isoko bitewe n’aho iherereye, ubwo uyavomye akisanga yanyoye ibiva muri iyo miti.

Amazi y’isoko ya Kibeho, wavoma ukinywera?

Avuga ko bijyanye n’amazi y’isoka ya Kibeho, yavuze ko kuyanywa uko yakabaye buriya bijyana no kwizera cyangwa se ukwemera bitabuza ko imyanda yaba iyarimo yinjira mu mibiri yabo. Yatanze urugero rw’ahandi hitwa Namugongo muri Uganda, ndetse no mu Buhinde ahari isoko Abahinde bizera ko iyo bayiroshyemo ibakuraho ibyaha, ikanabakiza indwara iyo bayinyoye, kubera ukwemera, banywa ayo mazi, kandi barimo barayirohamo bayoga bose kuko bizera ko akiza.

Yagize ati, “ Mu buryo bwa siyansi, nta kindi kintu cyatuma wemeza ko amazi ari meza utayapimye. Mu mutwe ni ahantu hakomeye cyane. Ukwemera cyangwa imyizerere yabo banywa amazi barimo no kuyogamo, ituma batabona akaga bishyizemo, ariko icyinjiye kiba cyinjiye…. Abanywa ariya ya Kibeho bayanywana ukwizera. Njyewe ngiye nk’umushakashatsi, ndayapima ntitaye ku byo kuvuga ngo isoko ya Bikiramariya. Ibyo ntabyo ndeba, kuko mbirebye sinayapima. Navuga nti ubwo ari yo, nkaba mbyemera ni matagatifu ntacyo nyarebamo…Kuri abo babyizera, nta kintu na kimwe gishobora kumubwira ko ari mabi ngo abyumve”.

“ Nanjye nigeze kujya gusengera aho Namugongo kuko ndi umukirisitu, hari ahantu biciye bariya bantu bahowe Imana b’i Bugande, ni ahantu hari isoko ntoya aho bozaga imihoro bamaze kubatema, noneho haba isoko nini, ubwo rero abantu bakajyamo bakoga, umwe ati indwara nari mfite ninoga ndayikirira i Namugongo, undi ati nakiriye i Namugongo, undi nanjye niho nakiriye. Abandi bakayafata bakayagotomera, kandi babonye abandi barimo kuyogeramo”.

“Uwo muntu wemera gutyo, ntushobora kumubwira ko ayo mazi ari mabi ngo abyumve. Ariko nkanjye sinayanywa, wenda navuga nti nyimeneho ariko sinayanywa. Ndamutse mbyemera nayanywa, ariko nabonye ibyo abantu bayakoreramo byangora kuyanywa…Burya umuntu wese ibyo yemera cyangwa yizera ni byo abona. Ariko nkanjye nk’umuhanga mu bya siyansi, nemera ibyo napimye, ntabwo nemera ibyo wambwiye cyangwa ngo nemere ibyo bavuze”.

Ese hari intungamubiri ziba mu mazi?

Dr Mukarunyana avuga ko mu mazi habamo intungamubiri. Ni imyunyungugu itandukanye, ari nayo atuma hari amazi aba afite icyanga.

“Mu mazi ariya y’amasoko cyane cyane habamo imyunyu (minerals), ninayo mpamvu ariya atunganyirizwa mu nganda, bongeramo za ‘minerals’ kuko turazikeneye mu mubiri, kubera ko zimwe zikomeza amagufa, izindi zigatuma intungamubiri zigenda neza mu mubiri. Niyo mpamvu bavuga ngo amazi y’isoko araryoha. Ni iyo myunyu iba irimo, ituma agira icyanga gitandukanye n’ayo batetse. Ayo batetse iyo myunyu iritereka ikajya hasi, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwo kuyateka hari ibyo buba bwahinduye…”

“ Amazi atunganyirizwa mu nganda, bakora icyo gupima bakayakuramo za mikorobe bakoresheje imiti, hanyuma bakagira imyunyungugu bongeramo cyangwa se iyo bagabanya bikajya ku rugero rwemewe rutagirira nabi ubuzima bw’abantu. Gusa hari n’ayo bapfundikira bayakuyemo za mikorobe gusa ariko nta myunyu yongewemo”.

Yasobanuye ko ubundi iyo amazi yatunganyijwe mu nganda, ataba akiri umwimerere, kuko haba hari ibyo bayakozeho, bivuze ko aho kwitwa ‘natural water’ nibura yakwitwa ‘treated water’ cyangwa ibindi. Ayo bandikaho ku macupa ngo ‘mineral water’ ngo biba bivuze ko yongewemo imyunyu runaka bakanayandikaho. Iyo akaba ari yo mpamvu n’amazi atunganyirizwa mu nganda aba atandukanye ndetse akagira icyanga gitandukanye.

Dr Mukarunyana avuga ko kugira ngo abantu bizere ko amazi y’isoko banywa ari meza , bagomba kuyapimisha, kandi ngo ni ibintu bikunda, kuko mu Rwanda hari za laboratwari zitandukanye zibikora. Haba mu ishuri rikuru rya CST mu Mujyi wa Kigali, muri REMA, muri RSB n’ahandi . Gupimisha amazi ntibikorwa n’umuntu wese, ariko abantu batuye hamwe ngo baba bashobora kubinyuza ku buyobozi bw’aho batuye bakayapimisha, kuko ngo ntibihenda cyane, ibiciro bijyana n’ibyo abantu bashaka ko babapimira. Ikindi ibipimo bifatwa ku mazi agiye gupimwa, bikorwa n’abo bakora muri ‘laboratoire’ kuko ni bo baba bazi ibyo bakeneye gufata, n’uko bafata ndetse n’ibikoresho babifatiramo ko bisukuye bihagije.

Asoza avuga ko abantu bagomba kwitondera amazi, kuko amazi yo kunywa atandukanye n’akoreshwa mu buhinzi, cyangwa se akoreshwa mu bindi bikorwa nko mu bwiherero n’ahandi.

Ikindi ngo nta muntu n’umwe ugomba kuvuga ko amazi ari meza cyangwa mabi kandi atayapimye hanyuma ngo byemezwe na RSB ko ari meza yashobora kunyobwa.