Buri gihugu kigira amafaranga mu rwego rwo kugira ngo bashobora kubona ibyo bifuza.

Kugira ngo twinjire mu nkuru yacu neza, turabanza kureba nibura amafaranga icumi ahenze kurusha ayandi ku Isi, n’impamvu aya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ariyo azwi akaba anakoreshwa henshi kurusha ayandi.

Ifaranga rya mbere rihenze ku Isi ni iryo muri Kuwait (Kuwaiti Dinar/KWD), kuko kugeza tariki 5 Kamena, agaciro karyo mu Manyarwanda karenze 4,700 Frw, bivuze ko mu minsi iri imbere, ushobora gusanga uzaba ugomba gutanga inoti ya 5000 Frw kugira ngo uribone.

Ifaranga rikoreshwa muri Bahrain (Bahraini Dinar/ (BHD) naryo ryohagazeho, kuko ubu na ryo rikabakaba mu 4000 Frw ubaze mu Manyarwanda, rikaba rirutaho gato iryo mu gihugu cya Oman ku mwanya wa gatatu ku Isi.

Iryo muri Jordan (Jordanian Dinar /JOD) rikurikiraho, rikavunja Amanyarwanda 2,071 Fw, iry’Ubwongereza British Pound /GBP rikaza mu nsi yaryo gato, rikaba ryenda kugera ku MAfranga 2000 Frw.

Andi na yo agenda akurikiraho, ariko Amayero akoreshwa mu Burayi, akaza ku mwanya wa Cyenda, akaba avunja hafi Rwf 1700.

Idolari rikoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (US Dollar /USD), ryigaruriye imitima ya benshi, riri ku mwanya wa 10, w’ahenze ku Isi, rikaba rivunja Amanyarwanda 1,465 frw ku mugoroba w’uwa 5 Kamena.

Kuki Idolari rya Amerika rihatse amafaranga yose?

Impuguke mu bijyanye n’ubukungu Teddy Kaberuka, avuga ko Amerika yashoboye kugera ku kuba ifaranga ryabo ryakoreshwa kurusha ayandi (Currency dominance), rikamenyekana hose mu 1973.

Ati “Aho yari imaze kubasha gukora icyo bita Petro-dollar (uburyo Amerika yumvikanye n’Ibihugu bicukura peteroli ko bizajya bicuruza ibiyikomokaho mu madorari ya Amerika, bigatuma idorari rikomera ku rwego mpuzamahanga), kandi Peteroli ni igicuruzwa gikenerwa ku Isi yose. Ni ukuvuga ngo ibihugu byose ku Isi bikenera Peteroli, kubera ko igurwa mu madolari, ni kuvuga ngo ibihugu byose ku Isi bikeneye amadolari kugira ngo bibone uko biyigura.”

Yungamo ati “Na bya bihugu biyifite, kubera ko hari ibindi batumiza hanze, kandi aho utumiza naho bakeneye amadolari. Ni ukuvuga ngo amadolari yabaye nk’ifaranga rihuriweho n’ibihugu byinsi (Common Currency), kubera ko biyakenera mu buryo bwo kuyahererekanya (Transaction), bituma idolari riba ifaranga ryiganje (dominant currency) ahantu hose wajya.”

Ikindi ni uko nk’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) na Banki y’Isi (World Bank), ari ibigo bimwe mu bishyiraho Politike y’ifaranga kandi bikaba byarashyizweho na Amerika kugira ngo bihuze ibikorwa bya Politike y’ifaranga ariko byibanda kuri Amerika n’i Burayi.

Kaberuka ati “Ni uko byashyizeho uburyo bwo kuvuga ngo ibihugu byose kugira ngo bibashe kugura bijye bigira ingano y’amafaranga (reserve), ku buryo biramutse bigize icyo bikenera gutumiza hanze, babitumiza mu Madolari ya Amerika. Ni uko rero ibihugu byose byisanze nta yindi nzira bifite yo kubikamo ubutunzi bwabyo cyangwa kugura no kugurisha."

Ifaranga rya Kuwait rikomejwe n’iki?

Kuba ifaranga rikoreshwa muri Kuwait (Kuwaiti Dinar) rirusha andi mafaranga agaciro, ntibivuze ko icyo gihugu ari cyo gikize kurusha ibindi byose, ahubwo biterwa n’impamvu nyinshi z’ubukungu n’imicungire y’ifaranga.

Kuwait ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite peteroli nyinshi cyane ku Isi. Mu bubiko bwa peteroli bwamaze kwemezwa (proven oil reserves), Kuwait ifite hafi miliyari 101,5 z’amabarilo (barrels) ya peteroli. Ibituma iza ku mwanya wa 7 mu bihugu bifite Peteroli, kandi ifite hafi 5,7% bya peteroli yose izwi ku Isi.

Muri gahunda y’ingengo y’imari ya leta ya 2025/2026, Kuwait yateganyije ko amafaranga azava muri peteroli azagera kuri miliyari 15,3 z’amafaranga ya Kuwait Dinar (KD), angana na hafi na miliyari 49,5 z’Amadolari ya Amerika (USD) ku mwaka umwe. Peteroli yonyine itanga hafi 84% by’amafaranga leta yinjiza yose.

Banki Nkuru ya Kuwait nticapa amafaranga menshi uko yishakiye. Iyo igihugu gicapye amafaranga menshi birenze umusaruro w’ubukungu, ifaranga rigabanuka agaciro (inflation). Kuwait igenzura neza amafaranga ari mu gihugu.

Ifaranga ryayo kandi, ntabwo rishingira ku Idolari rya Amerika gusa.Ibi bifasha kugabanya ihungabana ry’isoko no kurinda ifaranga guhindagurika cyane.

Umubare muto w’abaturage: Kuwait ifite abaturage bake ugereranyije n’umusaruro wayo wa peteroli. Ibi bituma amafaranga igihugu cyinjiza asaranganywa ku bantu bake, bikazamura ubushobozi bw’ubukungu ku muntu umwe.

Politiki y’ubukungu ihamye; Igihugu gifite amafaranga menshi yabitswe mu kigega cy’ishoramari cya leta kugira ngo kizafashe igihugu no mu gihe ibiciro bya peteroli byagabanuka. Ibi byongera icyizere mu ifaranga.

Kuba ifaranga rifite agaciro kanini kurusha andi ntibivuze ko ubukungu bw’icyo gihugu buruta ubw’ibindi bifite ifaranga rifite agaciro ko munsi yaryo.

Uretse nk’umutungo kamere utuma Ibihugu bya Kuwait na Oman bigira ifaranga rihambaye, ,usanga izindi mpamvu zituma ifaranga rigira agaciro zifitanye isano n’imicungire y’ifaranga imbere mu gihugu.

Hagati aho, abakurikiranira ubukungu hafi muri iyi myaka ya vuba, bavuga ko Ubushinwa, Igihugu kimaze gutera imbere cyasanze gushyira idolari mu bintu byose biha imbaraga Amerika, bigatuma igenzura ubukungu bw’Isi.

Ubu rero, na bwo bwiyemeje ko abantu bazajya bakorana ubucuruza bazajya bakoresha ifaranga ryabo (Yuan/CNY). Ubushinwa nabwo bugenda businyana amasezerano n’Ibihugu bitandukanye yo kugura Peteroli mu mafaranga yabo.