Ni ishuri ryubatswe n’Abayisilamu mu wa 1957 kugira ngo abana babo babone aho biga, bisanzuye mu myemerere yabo. Ubu riyoborwa n’Umuryango w’Abayisilamu mu Rwanda.

Kuko ku ngoma ya gikoroni amashuri menshi yari aya Kiriziya Gatolika ariko n’Abaporotesitanti bari bafite ayabo. Amadini atari afite amashuri yayo, by’umwihariko idini rya Isilamu, ryari rifite ikibazo gikomeye kuko abana b’abayisilamu bategekwaga kwiga iyobokamana ry’andi madini ndetse akenshi bagategekwa no kubatizwa kugira ngo bakomeze kwiga.

Ni yo mpamvu Abayisilamu bamaze kuba benshi mu gace ka Nyamirambo bubatse ishuri ryigisha abana babo nubwo bitaboroheye kubigeraho.

Abayisilamu ku ngoma ya gikoroni

Imyemerere ya Isilamu mu Rwanda yazanywe n’abasirikare b’Abanyatanzaniya bari mu gisirikare cy’abakoroni b’Abadage ndetse n’abacuruzi b’Abarabu bageze mu Rwanda mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20.

Igihe ibihugu by’ibihangange byigabanyaga umugabane wa Afurika i Berlin mu Budage hagati ya 1884-1885, u Rwanda rwabaye urw’u Budage. Mu wa 1897, Ababirigi baturuka muri Congo baza i Shangi mu Kinyaga, Abadage babimenya bari i Bujumbura mu Burundi baza kuhegukana ndetse kuva ubwo bahashinga ibirindiro bya gisirikare (camp militaire).

Mu gisirikare cy’Abadage harimo abirabura b’Abanyatanzaniya benshi idini ryabo ari Isilamu. Uretse abo basirikare kandi, n’abandi bakozi b’Abadage cyane cyane abasemuzi bari barazanye na bo baturutse muri Tanzaniya na bo imyemerere yabo yari ishingiye kuri Isilamu.

Guhera mu wa 1901, hatangiye kuza abacuruzi b’Abarabu baturutse mu bihugu byo mu burasirazuba bw’Afurika bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda, na bo imyemerere yabo ishingiye ku idini rya Isilamu. Abarabu bageze mu Gihugu mbere bari batuye i Nyanza kuko ari wo wari umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda.

Kigali imaze kugirwa umurwa mukuru ku ngoma y’Abadage mu wa 1907, abacuruzi b’Abarabu batangiye kuhimukira ndetse n’abandi barahabasanga; hiyongeraho abasirikare b’Abanyatanzaniya bari mu gisirikare cya gikoroni cy’u Budage, bityo Isilamu itangira gushinga imizi mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda ndetse batangira kuhubaka imisigiti. Umusigiti wa mbere wubatswe mu wa 1913, munsi ya Athénée hepfo y’ahubatse umusigiti wo mu mujyi.

Mu gihe abayisilamu bubakaga uwo musigiti, abategetsi b’Abadage bashishikarije ubuyobozi bwa Kiriziya Gatolika gushinga Misiyoni mu Mujyi wa Kigali kugira ngo bakumire Isilamu dore ko ari ryo dini rya mbere ryari rigiye gushingwa i Kigali.

Kiliziya yabyumvise vuba na yo ihashinga Misiyoni y’Umuryango Mutagatifu (Paroisse Sainte Famille) muri uwo mwaka ku wa 21 Ukwakira 1913. Ariko nubwo Abadage bashishikarije Kiliziya Gatolika gushinga Misiyoni i Kigali, Abamisiyoneri b’Abaporotesitanti ni bo bari babisabye mbere ariko Abadage basanga batari bafite ubushobozi bwo guhangana na Isilamu.

Babimye ubwo burenganzira kuko bagereranyije na misiyoni 9 Kiliziya Gatolika yari imaze gushinga mu Rwanda, babonaga misiyoni z’Abaporotesitanti nka Kirinda, Rubengera na Remera–Rukoma zari zaratinze gushinga imizi mu turere ziherereyemo.

Abakoroni b’Ababirigi basimbuye Abadage ntibishimiye idini rya Isilamu kandi ntibifuzaga ko rikwira hose mu Rwanda cyangwa mu bindi bihugu bategekaga. Ni yo mpamvu ku wa 24 Gicurasi 1924, Minisitiri wa za koroni yandikiye komiseri (Commissaire royal) Alfred Marzoratti wategekaga Ruanda-Urundi amusaba gukora ibishoboka byose agaca Isilamu intege ntitere imbere haba mu Rwanda n’ahandi hategekwaga n’u Bubirigi.

Nyuma y’ayo mabwiriza, ubutegetsi bw’Ababirigi bwatuje abayisilamu mu nsisiro kugira ngo bubone uko bubagenzura neza. Urusisiro rw’abayisilamu bari batuye i Kigali rwari i Nyarugenge hagati y’ahari hubatswe umusigiti wa mbere n’ahari ishuri rya ETEMU muri iki gihe. Urwo rusisiro rwubatswe mu wa 1925 rwahavuye mu wa 1937 rwimuriwe mu Biryogo.

Uretse i Nyarugenge, no mu yindi mijyi yagendaga ivuka hirya no hino mu Rwanda abayisilamu batujwe mu nsisiro z’ “abaswahili” akenshi wasangaga zubatse hafi y’ibirindiro bya gisirikare.

Iteka ryashyiragaho insisiro z’abayisilamu ryanagenaga imbago zazo n’amabwiriza azigenga, kandi abari bazituyemo ntibemererwaga kurenga umujyi batabiherewe uburenganzira. Utarabaga atuye mu rusisiro rw’abayisilamu na we ntiyemererwaga kurwinjiramo atabifitiye uruhushya.

Aho Abayisilamu babaga batuye bagiraga ubuyobozi n’inzego z’ubucamanza zihariye; kandi ntibayoborwaga n’ubutegetsi gakondo ahubwo bayoborwaga n’Ababirigi mu buryo butaziguye. Abayisilamu bo mu nsisiro ntibari bemerewe kurema amasoko yo mu giturage.

Ishuri ry’Intwari riravuka

Abayisilamu bo mu Rwanda bagize igitekerezo cyo kubaka ishuri mu wa 1948; abayobozi b’idini begera ubuyobozi bw’Ababirigi babusaba ikibanza n’inkunga yo kubaka ishuri ryigenga rya kiyisilamu. Ikibanza baragihawe ariko babura inkunga y’amafaranga. Abayisilamu bashatse ubushobozi bahubaka ishuri ry’ibyumba bitatu byo kwigiramo ryuzuye mu wa 1953.

Ishuri rimaze kuzura, abayisilamu basabye uburenganzira bwo gutangira kwigisha, ariko abayobozi b’Ababirigi babasaba gutegereza umwanzuro wa Vikariyati ya Kabgayi. Nyuma y’imyaka itatu igisubizo kitaratangwa, Abayisilamu bafashe umwanzuro wo gutangiza iryo shuri nta wundi muntu bagishije inama.

Ryatangiye kwigisha muri Nzeri 1957, ryigisha mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa gusa, ryitwa Ecole Rwandaise de Kigali, ariko ubutegetsi bw’Ababirigi buryita Ecole Swahili de Kigali (Ishuri ry’Abaswahili ry’i Kigali). Abanyeshuri bahigaga biguriraga ibikoresho byose, buri mwana bakariha n’amafaranga y’ishuri 160 Frw ku gihembwe kuko nta yindi nkunga ishuri ryabonaga. Ibi byari bitandukanye no mu yandi mashuri aho abanyeshuri bigiraga ubuntu.

Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa akubutse i Burayi mu wa 1958, Abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose bakoze ibirori byo kumwakira byabereye i Nyanza. Ishuri ry’abayisilamu ryitabiriye ibyo birori ryaserukiwe n’abarimu n’abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa kabiri.

Uretse impano iryo shuri ryahaye umwami, umunyeshuri wari uhagarariye abandi witwaga Badru Radjabu yasomye imbwirwaruhame yabo mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa ishimisha benshi mu bari bitabiriye ibyo birori, bituma Rudahigwa abasezeranya gusura ishuri bigaho.

Haciye iminsi mike Umwami asura iryo shuri ry’abayisilamu, aganira n’ababyeyi baharereraga ndetse abanyeshuri bahiga abagabira inka. Mu bibazo ababyeyi bamutuye harimo icy’uko bo barihiraga abana babo ndetse bakanabagurira ibikoresho byose by’ishuri kandi ahandi mu Rwanda barigiraga ubuntu ndetse bagahabwa n’ibikoresho. Rudahigwa yumvise icyo kibazo gikomeye abo bayisilamu bari bafite ariko bakitwara kigabo kugira ngo abana babo babone uburere bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru, icyo kigo yacyise Ishuri ry’Intwari (Ecole Rwandaise Intwari de Kigali) riba izina ryacyo kugeza ubu.

Abayisilamu yabemereye kubafasha kwagura iryo shuri, ndetse no kubakorera ubuvugizi mu butegetsi bw’abakoroni kugira ngo bahabwe inkunga nk’iyahabwaga andi mashuri.

Ku nkunga y’Umwami ishuri ryaraguwe ndetse koko asaba ubutegetsi bw’Ababirigi kurifasha, ritangira kubona iyo nkunga mu wa 1960 nyuma y’umwaka umwe Rudahigwa atanze. Yagura ishuri ry’Intwari, Rudahigwa yahubatse ibyumba bibiri byo kwigiramo n’ubu biracyahari kandi byigirwamo, n’inzu yo gukorerwamo n’ubuyobozi bwaryo. Iyo ntikiri iy’ishuri, ubu ikorerwamo n’umuryango w’Abasukuti (Scout) i Nyamirambo.

Ku busabe bw’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, ubuyobozi bw’Ababirigi bwatangiye gufasha Ishuri rya kiyisilamu “Intwari” guhera mu wa 1960 ariko bushyiraho amabwiriza akomeye. Ibwiriza rya mbere ryarebaga imiyoborere y’ishuri.

Abayisilamu ntibari bemerewe kuriyobora kandi ari iryabo, ahubwo bagombaga guhitamo abo bariragiza hagati ya Kiriziya Gatorika n’Itorero ry’Abaporotesitanti. Icyo gihe bahisemo kuriragiza abaporotesitanti, riba ikigo kibarirwa muri Misiyoni ya Remera-Rukoma. Ibwiriza rya kabiri ryarebaga imyigishirize y’isomo ry’iyobokamana.

Iyobokamana rya Isilamu ntiryagombaga kwigishwa muri iryo shuri, ryasimbujwe isomo ry’ububonezabupfura (morale). Mu bindi bigo by’amadini bigishaga iyobokamana ryabo. Ibwiriza rya nyuma ryarebaga imyaka y’abanyeshuri. Ishuri ryagombaga kugumana abana banganya imyaka n’abo mu bindi bigo n’ubwo byari bigoye kuko abana b’abayisilamu batangiraga ari bakuru bitewe n’uko mbere batari bafite ishuri bigamo. Ibi byatumye bamwe bagabanyirizwa imyaka, abandi barirukanwa.

Amavugurura yagiye akorwa mu burezi bw’u Rwanda mu bihe bitandukanye yagiraga impinduka ku miyoborere y’Ishuri ry’Intwari. Nyuma yo guhabwa Misiyoni y’abaporotesitanti ya Remera-Rukoma mu wa 1960, ivugurura ryo mu wa 1966 ryarigize ishuri rya Leta hamwe n’ibindi bigo byose byashinzwe n’amadini.

Mu wa 1978, Leta yasubije ibyo bigo amadini ariko Ishuri ry’Intwari rikomeza kuba irya Leta kuko bavugaga ko ryubatswe n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa. Nyuma y’igihe kirekire, Leta yasubije iryo shuri idini rya Isilamu mu wa 1998.

Kuva ubwo riyoborwa n’Umuryango w’Abayisilamu mu Rwanda; kandi ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza ibikorwa bizira ivangura bya Rudahigwa wari uhangayikishijwe n’iterambere ry’Abanyarwanda bose. Ibyo bikorwa ni na bimwe mu byatumye ashyirwa mu kiciro cy’Intwari z’Imena.

Ishuri rya Kiyisilamu “Intwari” mu gihe cy’amacakubiri yo mu wa 1959

Kuva kera bakigera mu Rwanda, abayobozi b’Ababirigi bafatanyije n’aba Kiliziya Gatorika bahembereye amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda ashingiye ku moko ingaruka zayo zitangira kugaragara mu mvururu zo mu wa 1959. Abatutsi barishwe, abandi baratwikirwa barameneshwa bava mu byabo.

Ivangura ryakorerwaga Abatutsi no mu burezi ryari rihari, ariko abigaga ku Ntwari bahamya ko iryo vangura ritahageze. Mu gihe ahandi abana b’Abatutsi birukanwaga, abo ku Ntwari barakomeje bariga ndetse n’abirukanywe ahandi bazaga kuhasaba imyanya bakayihabwa.

Mu wa 1959 kandi, hari Abatutsi baciriwe i Nyamata mu Bugesera. Mbere yo kujyanwayo, bakusanyirizwaga kuri kiriziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu (Paroisse Sainte Famille) i Kigali.

Bakiri aho i Kigali, imwe mu miryango ibishoboye yahungiye mu ngo z’abayisilamu i Nyamirambo, indi cyane cyane iyari ifite inka ihungira ku Ishuri ry’Intwari.

Kwanga gufatanya n’abandi kwanga Abatutsi kwatumye ubuyobozi bwariho bukomeza kwishisha abayisilamu ndetse bubita abagambanyi. Isura y’abayisilamu yabaye mbi cyane ku buyobozi bwa Parmehutu igihe Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yabuzwaga kugaruka mu Rwanda yagiye i Kinshasa, nyuma agaca i Burundi akanyura iya Bugesera akinjira mu Rwanda rwihishwa abifashijwemo n’abayisilamu.

Ageze mu Rwanda, Ndahindurwa yacumbitse mu Biryogo ku musaza w’Umuyisilamu witwaga Kibombo, ariko Ababirigi babimenye baramufata bamusubiza i Bujumbura.