Muri ako kazi katoroshye ko gushyira ahagaragara ibibazo bireba ubuzima bw’abaturage, uhereye ku isano iri hagati ya Afurika ya kera n’iy’ubu, ukagera ku bibazo byatewe n’intambara n’ubukoloni; dore bamwe mu banditsi b’ibyamamare b’Abanyafurika Isi izahora yizihiza.

Chinua Achebe

Chinua Achebe, wavutse yitwa Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe mu Gushyingo 1930, yari uwanditsi w’ibitabo w’Umunya-Nigeria, umusizi n’umujozi ufatwa nk’ipfundo ry’Ubuvanganzo Nyafurika bugezweho. Igitabo cye cya mbere cyashegeshe amahanga, ‘Things Fall Apart’, ni cyo kiri ku mwanya w’ibanze mu Buvanganzo Nyafurika kikaba ari na cyo kiri ku mwanya wa mbere, mu byizwe cyane mu mashuri, byasemuwe ndetse biranasomwa cyane.

Things Fall Apart (1958) ni inkuru ivuga ku isenyuka ry’umuryango mugari, rishingiye ku bushyamirane buri hagati y’indangagaciro gakondo n’ingaruka zatewe n’ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni, kimwe n’umwuka mubi uri hagati y’abagabo n’abagore mu miryango idaha agaciro abagore.

Mu bitabo bya Achebe byamamaye cyane harimo Things fall Apart (1958), No longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A man of the People (1966), An Image of Africa (1977), There Was a Country (2012)…

Chinua Achebe yitabye Imana ku myaka 83 muri Werurwe 2013 aguye i Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.

Ngugi wa Thiong’o

Izina rye ubusanzwe ni James Thiong’o Ngugi; yavutse mu 1938 mu gace ka Limuru muri Kenya. Ni we ufatwa nk’umwanditsi Sekuru w’abandi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Igitabo cye cyakunzwe cyane ‘Weep Not, Child’ (1964) ni cyo cya mbere gikomeye cyanditswe mu Cyongereza n’Umunyafurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ngugi wa Thiong’o ni umwanditsi w’umunya Kenya akaba n’umwarimu wo muri kaminuza, watangiye yandika mu Cyongereza, ariko ubu yibanda cyane mu Gikuyu no mu Giswahili.

Wa Thiong’o yigeze gufungwa umwaka urenga ataburanishijwe, nyuma yo kwandika ikinamico yavugaga ku bibazo bya politiki; afunguwe yigira inama yo kwandika mu rurimi rw’Igikuyu n’Igiswahili gusa, avuga ko ururimi ari cyo gikoresho nyamukuru cyo kurandura umurage w’ubukoloni mu mitekerereze n’umuco, by’abasomyi n’Abanditsi b’Abanyafurika.

Mu bitabo bya Ngugi byamamaye cyane twavuga nka: A Grain of Wheat (1967), The River Between (1965), Weep Not Child (1964), Petals of Blood (1977), Decolonising the Mind (1986), Devil on the Cross (1980), Matigari (1986), Dreams in a Time of War (2010)…

Wole Soyinka

Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka w’imyaka 89, usanzwe uzwi nka Wole Soyinka, ni umwanditsi w’amakinamico w’Umunya-Nigeria, yandika n’ibitabo, imivugo n’imyandiko mu Cyongereza. Mu 1986 yegukanye igihembo cya Nobel mu Buvanganzo, kubera ko ibihangano bye byandikanye ubuhanga butuma imico itandukanye ibyibonamo. Ni we Munyafurika wa mbere wo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara, wahawe igihembo muri icyo cyiciro.

Kubera ibihangano bye byakunze kurangwa no kunenga ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, Wole Soyinka yahunze Nigeria ku ngoma ya General Sani Abaca (1993–1998), ajya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, akatirwa urwo gupfa adahari, ariko aza kugaruka mu 1999 nyuma y’uko ubutegetsi busubijwe abaturage.

Mu bitabo yanditse harimo The Trials of Brother Jero (1963), The Interpreters, (1965), The Road (1965), The Man Died: Prison Notes (1971), Chronicles from the Land of the Happiest People On Earth (2021)…

Amandina Lihamba

Amandina Lihamba w’imyaka 79, ni umwarimu wa kaminuza w’umunya-Tanzania, umukinnyi wa filime n’umwanditsi w’amakinamico. Kuri ubu yigisha muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam mu Ishami ry’Ubugeni n’Ubuhanzi yigeze no kubera umuyobozi, akaba no mu nama y’ubuyobozi bwa kaminuza.

Lihamba afite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga ya kaminuza yaboneye kuri kaminuza ya Leeds. Usibye kwandika amakinamico n’ibitabo by’abana, Lihamba yanditse igitabo kitwa ’Hawala ya fedha,’ agendeye kuri filime ’The Money-Order’, yanditswe n’umunya Senegal witwa Ousmane Sembène.

Léopold Sédar Senghor

Umunya-Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906-2001), yari umusizi, umwanditsi, akaba n’umunyapolitiki wabaye Umukuru w’Igihugu wa mbere wa Repubulika ya Senegal (1960–1980). Ni na we Munyafurika wa mbere watorewe kujya muri Académie Française. Yigeze no kuba Minisitiri mu Bufaransa mbere y’uko Senegal ibona ubwigenge.

Kubera gukunda ubusizi, Senghor bamuhimbye izina ry’Umukuru w’Igihugu w’Umusizi ‘Le Président Poete’.

Umwe mu mivugo yatumye yamamara cyane ni uwo yashingiye ku nkubiri yo kwamagana ubukoloni izwi nka ‘négritude’ yatangijwe na Aimé Césaire, akayigeza ku rundi rwego, aho we yayisobanuye agira ati “Négritude ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwemera no kwakira ko uri umwirabura, tukemera icyo tubereyeho nk’Abaturage Birabura, Amateka yacu n’umuco wacu.”

Aha ni na ho abirabura bo muri Amerika bashingiye bemera kwitwa aba niga (niggers), kandi mbere barabifataga nk’igitutsi.

Camara Laye

Camara Laye (1928-1980), yari umwanditse w’umunya-Guinea. Ni we wanditse ‘L’Enfant noir’, igitabo mbarankuru yanditse agendeye ku buzima bwe, yandika na ‘Le Regard du roi’. Ibyo bitabo byombi biri mu bya mbere by’ibanze byanditswe mu Gifaransa, ku buvanganzo Nyafurika.

Camara Laye nyuma yaje gukora muri Guverinoma ya Guinea ikimara kwigenga, ariko nyuma aza guhunga igihugu kubera ibibazo bya politiki.

Igitabo cye cya mbere ‘L’enfant Noir’ cyasohotse mu 1953, cyashyizwe no mu Cyongereza ‘The African Child’, kinasohoka cyitwa ‘The Dark Child’. Ni igitabo yashingiye ku buzima bwe nk’umwana wavukiye ahitwa Kouroussa, akiga i Conakry, bikarangira ageze mu Bufaransa.

Igitabo L’Enfant noir cyegukanye igihembo cyitiriwe Charles Veillon mu 1954. Nyuma yacyo yanditse ‘Le Regard du roi’ cyaje gushimwa cyane n’undi mwanditsi witwa Kwame Anthony Appiah, wavuze ko ari kimwe mu bitabo byiza cyane byo muri Afurika byanditswe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni.