Iyamuritswe kuri uyu wa mbere tariki 10 Ugushyingo 2025, ni ubwoko butatu burimo Twihaze, Ongera na Ongera+, bwakozwe n’uruganda rukora ifumbire mvaruganda (Rwanda Fertilizer Company/RFC), ikaba yihariye kandi ijyanye n’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda.

Ni nyuma y’igihe kigera ku myaka itanu hakorwa ubushakashatsi ku bwoko bw’ubutaka hagamijwe kumenya ifumbire yaba iberanye n’ubutaka, bitewe n’imiterere y’igihugu aho usanga hari ahari imisozi miremire hakabonekamo ahari ubusharire bw’ubutaka, hakaba n’ahari imisozi migufi ndetse n’ibibaya.

Ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe binyuze mu mushinga Rwanda Soil Information System (RwaSIS), ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (RAB).

Kuba imiterere y’ubutaka idasa kandi ubusanzwe bwose bwakoreshwagamo ifumbire mvaruganda imwe, byatumaga budatanga umusaruro ukwiye, kuko buri butaka bwari bukwiye kugira ifumbire ijyanye n’imiterere yabwo bigahuzwa n’ibihingwa bihahingwa.

Buri fumbire yakozwe hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakorewe ubutaka buhingwaho, hakaba harimo gukorwa igerageza ku buso bunini, mu turere dukorerwamo ubuhinzi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, zikaba zitezweho kuzaba ku isonga mu gukemura ibibazo bikomeye byagaragaraga mu butaka bw’u Rwanda.

Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI), ivuga ko ubutaka bwinshi buri mu gihugu ari ubwagiye butakaza imyunyu ngugu (Intungagihingwa ziba ziri mu butaka), bigasaba ko bufumbirwa bijyanye no ku bubungabunga, bigafasha kugira ngo bongere umusaruro w’ibihingwa.

Ubusanzwe hari hari ifumbire ifite ubwoko butatu bw’ingenzi bw’imyunyu ngugu (Fosifore (Phosphorus) Patasiyumu (Potash) na Azote), ari nabyo byari imbogamizi kuko byatumaga hakoreshwa ifumbire imwe mu gihugu hose, irimo DAP na NPK.

Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINAGRI, Dr. Telesphore Ndabamenye, avuga ko ifumbire zakozwe, zikorwa habonetse uburyo bwo kuvanga izindi zitandukanye.

Ati “Twabonye ifumbire yo mu misozi miremire mu butaka busharira, izajya ikoreshwa cyane mu bahinzi b’ibirayi, ibishyimbo, ibigori, ndetse ishobora no gukoreshwa mu muceri, ikaba yakongerwamo izindi zangombwa mu gihe igihingwa kigeze ku rwego runaka.”

Arongera ati “Iyo fumbire yo mu misozi miremire, izakoreshwa mu Turere tw’Iburengerazuba cyane, murabizi duhora tuvuga ko iriya Ntara ifite ubutaka busharira kubera imiterere yaho, kuko ubutaka bwagiye busaza. Hakaba harimo ishwagara muri iyo fumbire, bikaba ari na byiza kuko twajyaga dushyira ishwagara mu mirima bisanzwe kugira ngo turwanye ubusharire bw’ubutaka, ariko noneho iyo shwagara ikoranye n’ifumbire (Twihaze).”

Izi fumbire zitezweho kuzongera umusaruro ungana na 20% by’umusaruro wari usanzwe uboneka kuri hegitali, bikazanafasha mu kugabanya ikiguzi cyakoreshwaga ku kigero cya 40%.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RFC, Anass Khanchoufi, avuga ko bishimiye kuba bageze ku gikorwa cyo gushyira ku isoko ifumbire, yakorewe mu Rwanda, ikorewe u Rwanda, igakorwa bigizwemo uruhare n’Abanyarwanda.

Ati “Twizeye tudashidikanya ko izi fumbire nshya, Twihaze, Ongera na Ongera+, zizongera umusaruro abari mu buhinzi mu Rwanda biteze, binyuze mu kuyikoresha. Mu by’ukuri ntabwo tuhagarikira aha, kuko muri RFC twizera ko guhanga udushya no gufatanya n’inzego za Leta n’abikorera ari urufunguzo rugufungurira kugera kuri byinshi no guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi burambye mu Rwanda.”

Bagendeye ku kuntu ifumbire ya NPK17/17/17 TWEZE, imaze imyaka irenga ibiri ishyizwe ahagaragara n’uruganda rwa RFC, yabafashije kongera umusaruro, abahinzi bavuga ko bizeye ko nta kabuza ko iyamuritswe izarushaho kubagirira akamaro, kuko ifite akarusho ko kuba yarakorewe ubushakashatsi n’inzego zitandukanye kandi zifite ubunararibonye.

Innocent Ngayaberura ni umuhinzi akaba n’umucuruzi w’inyingeramusaruro mu Karere ka Nyagatare, avuga ko ifumbire bari basanzwe bakoresha yatumaga babona umusaruro, ariko iyamuritswe izaba akarusho.

Ati “Kuko izajya ikoreshwa hagendewe ku bwoko bw’ubutaka, urabona nka za DAP, UREA n’izindi, zimaze igihe zikora ku buryo izi nshya zimuritswe zizagira icyo zirusha iza mbere ugereranyije n’ibizikoze. Nko ku bigori twabonaga toni hagati ya 6-7, ku birayi hagati ya toni 15-20, ku buryo nizera ko izi tugiye gukoresha bishobora no kwikuba inshuro ebyiri.”

Florance Uwingabire wo mu Karere ka Kirehe ati “Icyizere tugikura ku kuba harapimwe ubutaka bwo mu gihugu cyacu, bagasanga buzahura n’iriya fumbire, nta kabuza ko bizagira umusaruro wikubye kurusha uwo twari dusanzwe tubona.”

Umuyobozi w’ubucuruzi ushinzwe ibijyanye n’ubucuruzi mu ruganda rutunganya ifumbire mvaruganda muri Maroc, (OCP Africa), Morabit Marouane, avuga ko ari iyi ari intangiriro y’urugendo rwo gukora ifumbire yihariye.

Ati “Dushingiye ku ikarita y’ubutaka bw’igihugu, RwaSIS, n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya RFC na OCP Africa, tuzakomeza guteza imbere ubuhinzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda, kugira ngo tugire igihugu ihuriro ry’ubuhinzi bujyanye n’igihe n’udushya.”

Uruganda RFC ruherereye mu cyanya cy’inganda mu Karere ka Bugesera, rukaba rufite ubushobozi bwo guhaza isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rugasagurira n’amahanga, kuko rushobora gukora toni ibihumbi 100 ku mwaka.

Rufite imashini zigezweho zo kuvanga ifumbire, ububiko bwa toni 25,000, laboratwari igezweho ipima ubutaka n’ifumbire.

Imibare igaragaza ko hejuru ya 80% by’ubutaka buhingwa mu Rwanda, bufite ubusharire bwinshi, bigabanya imyunyu ngugu iboneka mu butaka, bikaba impamvu nyamukuru ituma budatanga umusaruro uhagije nkuwo buba bwitezweho.

RFC n’uruganda rukora ifumbire mvaruganda rufatanya n’uruganda rukora ifumbire mvaruganda muri Maroc, (OCP Africa) hamwe n’Ikigega Agaciro Development Fund, hagamijwe gushaka ibibazo bigaragara mu butaka buhingwaho mu Rwanda, bugatanga umusaruro urenze uwo busanzwe butanga.

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Amafoto: Melissa Habineza Isimbi