Ariko kuri Prof. PLO Lumumba, ibyo byiza byose ntibizagena ejo hazaza ha Afurika keretse bijyaniranye n’ikintu kimwe cy’ingenzi: ubuyobozi buboneye kandi bufite indangagaciro.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye yahaye Kigali Today, ku ruhande rw’Inama Nyafurika y’Abayobozi (All Africa Leadership Summit) yabereye i Kigali, uyu munyamategeko akaba n’impuguke izwi cyane mu bitekerezo bya Pan-Africanism, yavuze ko ikibazo gikomeye Afurika ifite atari ukubura umutungo kamere, ahubwo ari ukubura ubuyobozi bwubahiriza indangagaciro.

Ubuyobozi buruta umutungo kamere

Mu myaka myinshi ishize, Prof. Lumumba yagiye azenguruka ibihugu bya Afurika yigisha ku miyoborere myiza, gukunda igihugu no gukoresha neza ubushobozi bw’umugabane.

Avuga ko impamvu akomeza kubivugaho ari uko abona itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ubutunzi bwinshi Afurika ifite n’ubuzima bugoye abaturage benshi bakomeje kubamo.

Yagize ati:"Iyo ubonye abana bafite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi, indwara zishobora kwirindwa n’abatagira amahirwe yo kubona uburezi bufite ireme, uhita ubona ko umutungo wa Afurika utarageze ku baturage mu buryo ubagirira akamaro."

Yakomeje agira ati: "Ikibazo Afurika iri guhura na cyo, mu bihugu byinshi byayo, ni ubuyobozi butubahiriza amahame ngengamyitwarire. Iyo ubuyobozi budafite indangagaciro n’amahame mbwirizamuco, umuyobozi ashobora guhinduka igisimba."

Lumumba asobanura ko ubuyobozi budapimirwa ku mpamyabumenyi cyangwa ku myanya umuntu yigeze kugeraho, ahubwo bushingira ku bunyangamugayo, impuhwe no gukorera abaturage nta kwikunda. Avuga ko iyo ibyo bibuze, n’abayobozi bize cyane bashobora gutenguha abo bayobora.

Afurika ikwiye kwiyubaka aho gutegereza kwemerwa n’abandi

Mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye ku Isi bikomeje guhatanira inyungu muri Afurika, Lumumba avuga ko umugabane ukwiriye gushyira imbaraga mu kwiyubaka aho guhora ushaka kwemerwa n’abandi.

Asanga aho kugirana ibiganiro n’ibindi bihugu uri mu mwanya w’intege nke, Afurika ikwiye kubaka inzego zikomeye, ubukungu bukomeye n’inzego z’imiyoborere zituma ibindi bihugu biyegera ku bw’inyungu bifitemo.

Yagize ati: "Ni twe Banyafurika tugomba kumenya inyungu zacu kugira ngo abandi baze kuganira natwe. Nituba dukomeye, inama zizajya zibera i Kigali, zibere Addis Ababa, Lagos, Ouagadougou, Nairobi, Dar es Salaam na Kampala."

Avuga ko imbaraga nyazo za Afurika zitazava ku kuba ibindi bihugu biyishakira umutungo, ahubwo zizaturuka ku bushobozi bwayo bwo kwishyiriraho icyerekezo gihuriweho cy’iterambere no kugikurikiza.

Isomo Afurika yakwigira ku Rwanda

Mu bihugu by’Afurika bikomeje kurangamirwa kubera iterambere byagezeho, Prof. Lumumba yavuze ko u Rwanda ari urugero rwiza rw’ibyo ubuyobozi bufite imiyoborere iboneye n’imyitwarire myiza bushobora kugeraho.

Yagize ati: "Imyitwarire iboneye (discpline) ni kimwe cya kabiri cy’urugendo ruganisha ku ntsinzi. Icyo ubuyobozi bwa Perezida Kagame bwashyizeho mu Rwanda ni umuco wo gukorera mu ndangagaciro z’imiyoborere iboneye no kubahiriza inshingano. Iyo ibyo bibaye inkingi y’ibikorwa byose, bibyara ubunyangamugayo, icyerekezo n’impuhwe."

Lumumba asobanura ko uwo muco utuma inzego za Leta zose zirangwa no kubazwa inshingano, abayobozi bagatanga umusaruro, kandi bikagabanya ruswa no gusesagura umutungo wa Leta.

Avuga ko iterambere ridakwiye gupimirwa gusa ku mibare y’ubukungu, ahubwo rigomba no kugaragarira mu mibereho y’abaturage.

Yagize ati: "Iyo wumva ibihugu bivuga umusaruro mbumbe (GDP), akenshi ni imibare gusa. Jya mu cyaro cya Musanze uvugane n’umugore cyangwa umugabo uhatuye. Ese barishimye? Ese amashuri, ibitaro n’ubuhinzi biratanga umusaruro? Byibuze mu Rwanda mbona ubuyobozi buri kubikora."

Yanavuze ko ejo hazaza h’u Rwanda hazaterwa n’ubushobozi bw’abayobozi b’igihe kizaza bwo gukomeza no kurinda gahunda n’inzego zatumye igihugu kigera ku iterambere gifite uyu munsi.

Ubuyobozi busiga umurage

Mu gihe Afurika igikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo by’imiyoborere, Prof. Lumumba avuga ko ubuyobozi ari inshingano z’igihe gito, ariko ingaruka zabwo zishobora kumara ibisekuru byinshi.

Yagize ati "Mukoreshe neza aya mahirwe Imana yabahaye yo gukorera abaturage."

Yasabye abayobozi gushyira imbere guha abaturage ubushobozi no kubaremera amahirwe azatuma imibereho yabo ikomeza kuba myiza na nyuma y’uko abo bayobozi bavuye ku butegetsi.

Kuri Prof. Lumumba, amateka ntazibuka abayobozi kubera imyanya y’ubuyobozi bagiyeho, ahubwo azabibukira ku muryango mwiza basigiye abaturage.

Yagize ati: "Muhindure imibereho y’abaturage, mubafashe gukoresha neza ubushobozi bafite, ku buryo nimutaba mukiriho bazavuga bati: ’Higeze kuza umugabo cyangwa umugore waduhaye ubushobozi, akadufasha guhindura ubuzima bwacu bukarushaho kuba bwiza.’ Kugera kuri ibyo bisaba impuhwe, ubutwari no kwicisha bugufi."

Mu gihe Isi iri guhinduka ku muvuduko mwinshi, Prof. Lumumba akomeje guhamya ko Afurika isanzwe ifite umutungo n’ubushobozi byose ikeneye kugira ngo itere imbere.

Icyakora, ikibazo gikomeye gisigaye ni ukumenya niba uyu mugabane uzabasha kubyara abayobozi bahagije bafite ubushake bwo gushyira inyungu rusange z’abaturage imbere y’inyungu zabo bwite.

Nk’umuganga ukiri muto kandi ufite intego zo kugera kure, ndetse n’umubyeyi wari utegereje umwana, yagize ikibazo gikomeye cyo mu gihe cyo gutwita gitera kuruka bikabije kandi gishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’umubyeyi n’umwana (hyperemesis gravidarum).

Nubwo yari azi neza iyo ndwara mu buryo bw’ubumenyi bw’ubuvuzi, kuyibamo no guhura na yo byamubereye ubundi buzima butandukanye cyane.

Agita ati: “Nari nzi ibimenyetso n’uko yigaragaza kuko nari narabyize. Icyo nari mbuze icyo gihe ni uko ntari niteguye mu mutwe kandi ntari narahawe imbaraga zihagije zo guhangana na yo.”

Mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, hyperemesis gravidarum nta mpamvu n’imwe isobanutse iyitera. Akenshi ifatwa nk’indwara iboneka mu buryo butandukanye kuri buri mugore utwite. Ni yo mpamvu idashobora gukumirwa burundu, ariko kumenya hakiri kare ibimenyetso biyibanziriza no kwivuza ku gihe bifasha kugabanya ubukana bwayo.

Nubwo yari afite ubumenyi mu buvuzi, ubushobozi bwo kugera kuri serivisi z’ubuzima ndetse n’inkunga y’umuryango, Umunyana yisanze na we ahanganye n’ukutamenya neza ibiri kumubaho, nuko agira ubwoba n’ibibazo abagore benshi bahura na byo mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Muri icyo gihe kandi, abantu benshi bamugiraga inama ziturutse impande zose, aho agira ati “Buri wese aba ashaka kukugira inama ngo kora iki cyangwa kiriya. Rimwe na rimwe imitekerereze n’imyumvire itari yo iba myinshi kurusha amakuru ashingiye ku bimenyetso bya siyansi.”

Mu gihe yari akomeje guca muri ayo mezi akomeye yo gutwita, ikibazo kimwe cyakomeje kuza mu bitekerezo bye.

Ati: “Niba njye ndi kugorwa kandi mfite ubu bufasha bwose, byagenda bite ku mugore udafite umuryango umushyigikiye, utagira amakuru ku buzima cyangwa utari mu mwuga w’ubuvuzi?”

Iki kibazo cyakomeje kumuherekeza na nyuma yo kubyara umukobwa we.

Birenze Inkuru y’Umugore Umwe

Umunyana amaze gusubira mu kazi nyuma yo kubyara, yatangiye kubona ikintu atari yarigeze yitaho mbere. Abagore benshi bazaga kwivuriza ku bigo nderabuzima bari bafite ubwoba n’ukutamenya neza ibintu nk’ibyo na we yari yaranyuzemo.

Bamwe batindaga kujya kwa muganga kuko batekerezaga ko ibimenyetso bimwe ari ibisanzwe ku mugore utwite. Abandi bakishingikiriza ku makuru bavanaga ku nshuti, abo mu muryango cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga batazi niba ari ukuri mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi.

Hari n’abatagera ku makuru yizewe na busa.

Icyamukoze ku mutima cyane ni uburyo abagore benshi bumvaga bari bonyine muri ibyo bibazo.

Ati: “Akenshi wumva ari ikibazo cyawe bwite. Kubera ko nta muntu ubivugaho, ugatekereza ko ari wowe wenyine.”

Umunyana, umubyeyi w’abana babiri, avuga ko uko yarushagaho kumva inkuru zabo, ari na ko yabonaga ko ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima byarushagaho gukomera kubera kubura amakuru yizewe.

Ni muri urwo rwego yatangiye gukorana na Dr. Polyphile Ntihinyurwa, inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’abagore no kubabyaza, bandika igitabo cyiswe “Mama Guide”, igitabo gikubiyemo amakuru menshi kandi ubu gikoreshwa henshi mu rwego rw’ubuzima mu gihugu.

Dr. Ntihinyurwa, akaba n’Umuyobozi wa Rwanda Menopause Society, avuga ati:

“Amakuru ni yo shingiro ry’ifatwa ry’ibyemezo byiza. Umugore ufite amakuru ahagije aba afite amahirwe menshi yo kugira ubuzima bwiza, kandi abagore bafite ubuzima bwiza bubaka imiryango myiza ndetse n’abaturage bakomeye.”

Yongeraho ko iyo amakuru yizewe abuze, abagore bashobora kugwa mu mitego y’ibitekerezo n’amakuru atari yo, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita, aho ibyemezo bifatwa ku mirire, imyitwarire no kwivuza bigira ingaruka ku mubyeyi no ku mwana.

Guhindura Ibibazo Mo Ibisubizo

Yiyemeje gushaka igisubizo kuri iki kibazo, Umunyana yatangiye gutegura ibiganiro byo kwegera abaturage, aho abagore bashoboraga gusangiza abandi ibibazo byabo no kubaza ibijyanye no gutwita, kubyara, konsa, imirire n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere.

Ibyo biganiro byagaragaje ko abagore b’ingeri zose n’imyaka yose bibazaga ibibazo bisa kandi bakeneye ibisobanuro n’ihumure bisa.

Aho kureka ibyo biganiro bikarangirira aho, Umunyana n’itsinda rye batangiye kwandika ibibazo abagore bakunze kubaza kurusha ibindi.

Nyuma y’igihe, ibyo bibazo, ubuhamya n’inama z’inzobere byaje kuvamo igitabo kizwi uyu munsi nka Mama Guide.

Ati: “Si igitabo gusa. Ni umufasha wa hafi.”

Iki gitabo gitanga amakuru ashingiye ku bimenyetso bya siyansi ku buzima bw’umugore kuva mbere yo gusama kugeza mu gihe cyo gucura, kandi kikagaragaza n’uruhare rw’imiryango n’abafasha mu gushyigikira abagore mu bihe bikomeye by’ubuzima bwabo.

Cyemejwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima, Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), kandi cyanditswe hashingiwe ku buzima n’ibibazo abagore bahura na byo mu Rwanda no muri Afurika muri rusange.

Ubuzima Butangirira Mu Rugo

Mu muhango wo kumurika icyo gitabo, Jeanne Umuhire, Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije wa RBC, yavuze ko guha abagore ubumenyi ari ingenzi mu kuzamura ubuzima bwabo.

Yagize ati:“Ubuzima butangirira mu rugo. Ariko kugira ngo koko ubuzima butangirire mu rugo, abakobwa n’abagore bagomba kugira amahirwe yo kubona atari serivisi z’ubuzima gusa, ahubwo n’amakuru yizewe bashobora kumva no gushyira mu bikorwa.”

Kuri Umunyana, ubu butumwa busubiramo neza isomo yigiye mu bihe bimwe mu bikomeye yanyuzemo mu buzima bwe.

Icyatangiye nk’igihe gikomeye cyo gutwita cyaje guhinduka intego yo gufasha abandi bagore kunyura mu bihe nk’ibyo bafite icyizere n’ubufasha buruseho.

Ibibazo yigeze kwibaza ubwe byabaye umusingi w’igisubizo kigamije gufasha ibihumbi by’abagore gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwabo no ku buzima bw’imiryango yabo.

Nyuma y’imyaka itandatu kuva kuri uko gutwita kwamuhinduriye ubuzima, Umunyana yifuza ko nta mugore uzongera kubaho mu rujijo kubera gusa ko atabonye amakuru yizewe.

Naramuka ageze ku ntego yo guha abagore ibisubizo mbere y’uko ibibazo bikomera, urugendo rwe rwari rurimo amarangamutima menshi n’ingorane zikomeye ruzaba ruvuyemo umusaruro urenze kure ibyo yigeze gutekereza.

Ku batuye mu mijyi benshi, serivisi y’amazi ni kimwe mu bikorwa remezo bibaho mu buryo busanzwe ku buryo abantu batagitekerezaho cyane. Amazi ava muri robine igihe akenewe, hanyuma fagitire ikaza ukwezi kurangiye. Hagati y’ibi bihe byombi, abantu bake ni bo bibuka cyane uko ayo mazi yabagezeho.

Nyamara, mu bice bimwe bya Kigali, amazi yatangiye kugira uruhare rutandukanye mu ngengo y’imari y’ingo. Ntakigaragara gusa kuri fagitire ya WASAC, ahubwo yabaye ikintu abantu bagura buri munsi.

Ubu ariko aho ibintu bigeze, mu ma karitsiye amwe n’amwe ijerikani nke z’amazi zaguzwe kubera ikibazo cyo kubura amazi muri robine, gishobora kwihuta kikavamo kimwe mu bintu bitunguranye kandi bihenda cyane urugo mu kwezi.

Iyo Serivisi Ihinduka Ikiguzi cya Buri Munsi

Ikibazo cyamazi ari abacyumva ariko ntibaishyikire neza. Umwe mu batuye mu Kagarama, imwe muri karitsiye ziyubashye z’uyu Mujyi mu Karere ka Kicukiro avuga ko bamaze hafi ibyumweru bibiri badafite amazi. Igikomeye si icyo kibazo cyabayeho ubwacyo, ahubwo ni ibyakurikiyeho.

Abaturage batangiye kugura amazi, kandi imibare bavuga iratangaje. Umuryango ukoresha amajerikani 10 ku munsi, buri jerekani igurwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda 500 nk’uko babivuga, ukoresha amafaranga 5,000 ku munsi. Mu byumweru bibiri gusa, ayo mafaranga aba ageze ku 70,000 Frw.

Ku miryango myinshi, ayo mafaranga aba yari kujya mu biribwa, amafaranga y’ishuri cyangwa akazigamwa. Nubwo ingaruka zabyo zitaba zikomeye ku buryo zakwibazwaho buri munsi mu makuru, zihindura buhoro buhoro imyanzuro y’ingo.

Kumesa imyenda birasubikwa, abana bgaahora bibutswa kudasesagura amazi. Buri kintu cyose cy’amazi cyinjijwe mu rugo kiba gifite agaciro kihariye.

Felix Niyigena, utuye mu Murenge wa Kanombe, avuga ko iki kibazo cyatumye imiryango myinshi itangira kureba mu buryo butandukanye serivisi bahoraga bafata nk’isanzwe.

Ati: “Ikibazo si ugushaka amazi gusa. Ni uguhindura uburyo utegura ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Uko usukura, uteka, woza cyangwa utegura gahunda zawe byose birahinduka iyo amazi atakiboneka uko bisanzwe.”

Nk’uko Niyigena abivuga, abantu benshi batangira kubona agaciro nyakuri k’amazi ari uko babuze ayo bakoresha. Ni bwo basobanukirwa ko ibikorwa byinshi byo mu rugo bishingira ku kintu baba basanzwe batitaho.

Imibare na yo irabigaragaza. Ku biciro bivugwa n’abaturage, igitangira nk’igisubizo cy’igihe gito gishobora kwihuta kikavamo umutwaro munini kandi utateganyijwe ku rugo.

Itandukaniro Hagati y’Igiciro n’Ikiguzi Nyakuri

Igitangaje muri iki kibazo ni itandukaniro riri hagati y’igiciro cyemewe cy’amazi n’ayo bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko bari kwishyura.

Robert Bimenyimana, Umuvugizi wa WASAC Group, avuga ko ijerekani y’amazi ku ivomo rusange igura amafaranga 20 gusa.

Ati: “Mu by’ukuri amazi ntiyakagombye guhenda kuko ku mavomo rusange ijerekani igomba kugura amafaranga 20. Igihe amazi ahari, nta muntu wagakwiye kuyagurisha amafaranga 500 ku jerekani.”

Iri tandukaniro rigaragaza uburyo ikibazo cyo kubura amazi gishobora gutuma havuka isoko ritari risanzwe.

Nubwo igiciro cya leta kidahinduka, abaturage bakeneye amazi ako kanya bavuga ko akenshi basanga bayagura ku giciro kiri hejuru cyane binyuze ku bantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa abadandaza.

Bimenyimana avuga ko ibyo bikorwa bitemewe n’amategeko kandi bishobora guhanirwa.

Ati: “Umuntu wese ugurisha amazi ku giciro gikabije ashobora guhanwa kuko bitemewe n’amategeko. Dufatanya n’inzego z’ibanze kugira ngo abantu bashinzwe izi nshingano bakore neza, kandi abakora ibinyuranyije n’amategeko bakurwe muri izo nshingano.”

Ariko ku miryango ishaka amazi yo gukoresha uwo munsi, ikibazo nyamukuru si amategeko ahubwo ni ukubona amazi ahari.

Isomo Ryerekana Uko Umujyi Ukora

Nk’uko WASAC ibivuga, bimwe mu bibazo by’amazi biherutse kugaragara byatewe n’imirimo yo gusana ibikorwa remezo, ibibazo by’amashanyarazi ndetse n’imbogamizi za tekiniki zifitanye isano n’imiyoboro y’amazi.

Bimenyimana ati: “Turabizi ko hari ibice bimwe bya Kicukiro na Gasabo byamaze iminsi bidafite amazi. Hari imirimo yo gusana yari iri gukorerwa kuri sitasiyo zimwe. Hari n’igihe amashanyarazi adahagaze neza bikagira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’amazi.”

Yongeyeho ko Kagarama na Mageragere biri mu duce tugifite ibibazo bitewe n’ikorwa nabi rya pompe ikwirakwiza amazi ava kuri sitasiyo ya Kimisange.

Ibi bisobanuro byerekana ukuri guherekeza iterambere ry’umujyi uwo ari wo wose. Serivisi zisa n’izoroheje ku maso y’abantu zishingira ku muyoboro mugari ugizwe n’imiyoboro, amapompo, ibigega, inganda zitunganya amazi n’amashanyarazi.

Akenshi ibyo byose bikora mu buryo bworoheje ku buryo abantu batabibona. Babimenya gusa iyo bihagaze.

Ibyo bitwibutsa ko agaciro k’amazi katagaragarira gusa kuri fagitire y’ukwezi. Hari igihe kigaragarira mu mafaranga atunguranye, mu mpinduka ziba ngombwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi no mu bindi biciro byiyongera igihe serivisi abantu benshi bafata nk’isanzwe ihindutse ikintu bagomba gutekerezaho buri munsi.

Ahari icyo ni cyo kiguzi cya buri gitonyanga iyo ama robine yumye.

Buri munsi, abamotari benshi mu Rwanda binjiza amafaranga meza mu gutwara abagenzi, ariko bakongera bakayagura lisansi, ntibagire icyo basigarana gifatika.

Abamotari ntibakeneye guparika moto, ngo bareke akazi bakora neza kakabatungira imiryango, ahubwo bakeneye uko ayo binjije bayazigama. Moto zikoresha amashanyarazi, ni bwo buryo bwonyine buzabafasha gutahana amafaranga yabo bakoreye buri munsi.

Muri aba bamotari, harimo Eugene Kanyandekwe. Buri gitondo mbere y’uko izuba rirasa, Kanyandekwe afata moto ye akagana ahari abantu benshi bajya mu kazi mu mihanda ya Kigali.

Kimwe n’abandi batwara moto ibihumbi, umunsi we uba ugizwe n’intera agenda, umubare w’abagenzi atwara ndetse n’amafaranga asigarana ku mugoroba.

Mu myaka yashize, gukora imibare y’inyungu byagiye birushaho kumugora. Ibiciro bya lisansi byahoraga bihindagurika, amafaranga yo gukora akaguma ari menshi, bikamusaba gukora amasaha menshi kugira ngo abashe kubona amafaranga nk’ayo yabonaga mbere.

Nubwo moto yamuhaga imibereho, ntiyamusigiraga amahirwe menshi yo kwizigamira cyangwa guteganyiriza ejo hazaza. Ubu ariko, avuga ko ibintu byatangiye guhinduka nyuma yo gutangira gukoresha moto y’amashanyarazi ya Spiro.

Kanyandekwe agira ati: "Impinduka si ikintu ubona rimwe gusa. Uyibona buri munsi. Iyo amafaranga ukoresha mu kazi agabanutse, ntuba ugitekereza gusa ku byo ugomba kwishyura uyu munsi. Utangira gutekereza ku hazaza, ku muryango wawe no ku mibereho yawe."

Inkuru ye ni imwe mu zigaragaza impinduka zikomeje kuba mu Rwanda mu gihe igihugu cyihutisha gahunda yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu butangiza ibidukikije.

Kwiyongera kwa moto z’amashanyarazi ntabwo bihindura gusa uburyo abantu bagenda, ahubwo bihinduta n’imibereho y’abazitwara, utaretse n’imiryango yabo.

Sosiyete ya Spiro ivuga ko ubu mu Rwanda hari moto zayo z’amashanyarazi zirenga ibihumbi 25 ziri gukora, zifashwa na sitasiyo hafi 350 zo gusimburizaho bateri ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyi sosiyete ivuga ko u Rwanda rwabaye rimwe mu masoko yayo akomeye kuva yatangira ibikorwa mu myaka itatu ishize.

Nubwo iyi mibare ishimishije, ikintu gikurura benshi si ikoranabuhanga cyangwa kurengera ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo ni inyungu z’amafaranga.

Aho kuzigama bihinduka amahirwe

Abatwara moto bakoresha amafaranga menshi mu kugura lisansi. Ku bakodesha moto, umutwaro urushaho kwiyongera kuko bagomba no kwishyura amafaranga ya buri munsi ba nyirazo.

Moto z’amashanyarazi zitangiye kugabanya uwo mutwaro.

Spiro ivuga ko gusimbuza bateri yuzuye bitwara hafi amafaranga y’u Rwanda 2,450 kandi bikemerera moto gukora urugendo rugera kuri kilometero 75. Ku rundi ruhande, litiro imwe ya lisansi igura amafaranga 2,938 kandi ikaba yakwifashishwa mu gukora kilometero hagati ya 35 na 40 gusa.

Ku batwara moto bakora urugendo rurenze kilometero 200 ku munsi, iri tandukaniro ritanga inyungu zigaragara.

Kanyandekwe ati: "Mbere nakoraga akazi nkarangiza nkihutira kubara amafaranga lisansi yari yanyambuye. Ubu harimo itandukaniro rinini cyane. Nshobora kuzigama amafaranga ku buryo buhoraho."

Aya mafaranga ashobora kugaragara nk’ari make buri munsi, ariko iyo ateranyijwe mu mezi menshi ashobora kwishyura amashuri y’abana, ubwisungane mu kwivuza cyangwa gufasha umuryango kugira umutekano mu bukungu.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Spiro mu Rwanda, Amit Chawla, avuga ko iyi ari inkuru ikomeje kuba kimomo mu batwara moto ikoresha amashanyarazi.

Yagize ati: "Turashaka kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage. Abatwara moto benshi batubwira ko kubera amafaranga make bakoresha mu kazi, ubu basigarana menshi. Hari n’abatangiye guteganyiriza kugura moto zabo bwite."

Intego z’u Rwanda mu guteza imbere ubwikorezi bw’amashanyarazi

Izi mpinduka zirimo kuba mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kwiyubaka nk’umwe mu bayobozi ba Afurika mu guteza imbere ubwikorezi butangiza ibidukikije.

Mu mwaka wa 2025, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yahagaritse kwandikisha moto nshya zikoresha lisansi mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Icyo cyemezo cyari kigamije kwihutisha ikoreshwa ry’ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu burengera ibidukikije.

Ni imwe muri politiki zikomeye Afurika yabonye mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi bw’amashanyarazi, kandi iri muri gahunda yagutse y’u Rwanda yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kunoza umwuka abaturage bahumeka no kugabanya amafaranga igihugu gikoresha gitumiza ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mahanga.

Intego z’u Rwanda ntizishingiye gusa ku kubungabunga ibidukikije. Nk’igihugu kidacukura peteroli, gitumiza ibikomoka kuri yo byose hanze, kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi bifasha no kugabanya amafaranga igihugu gisohora.

Ku ruhande rw’ibidukikije, inyungu ntizibarika

Amit Chawla avuga ko gusimbuza moto ikoresha lisansi indi y’amashanyarazi bishobora kugabanya imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone igera kuri toni ebyiri buri mwaka. Iyo bikozwe ku bihumbi byinshi bya moto, ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije ziba zikomeye.

Chawla asanga u Rwanda rwamaze kuba urugero rw’uko ejo hazaza h’ubwikorezi muri Afurika hashobora kuba hameze.

Yagize ati: "U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bitekereza kure dukoreramo. Ubuyobozi bwacyo busobanukiwe agaciro k’igihe kirekire k’ubwikorezi bw’amashanyarazi. Amategeko, icyerekezo n’ubushake bwo guhanga udushya bituma u Rwanda ruba isoko ryihariye kuri twe."

Mu minsi ishize, Spiro yanahawe igihembo cy’Ikigo Gifite kizana impinduka mu buzima bw’abantu kurusha ibindi muri Afurika mu nama ya Africa CEO Forum yabereye i Kigali, ibintu byagaragaje ko abashoramari bakomeje kwitabira urwego rw’ubwikorezi bw’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga rirengera ibidukikije.

Uretse Spiro, urwego rw’ubwikorezi bukoresha amashanyarazi mu Rwanda rukomeje gukurura ibindi bigo bikora moto z’amashanyarazi, ibicunga sitasiyo zo gusimburizaho bateri ndetse n’abashoramari mu rwego rw’ingufu zisukuye. Ibi byose biri mu nkingi z’ingenzi za gahunda y’u Rwanda yo kugera ku bukungu butangiza ibidukikije no kuvanaho imyuka ihumanya ikirere bitarenze umwaka wa 2050.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, kuri Kanyandekwe n’abandi batwara moto, ejo hazaza hapimirwa ku mibereho yabo ya buri munsi aho kuba ku mibare y’ishoramari cyangwa politiki.

Ati: "Abantu bavuga moto z’amashanyarazi nk’ikoranabuhanga. Kuri twe ni amahirwe. Niba mbasha kuzigama menshi, nshobora gushora byinshi mu muryango wanjye. Niba ninjiza menshi, nshobora guteganya ejo hazaza aho guhora mpangayikishijwe no kubaho gusa. Iyo ni yo mpinduka nyakuri."

Reba ibindi muri iyi Video:

Adele Kibasumba

Ariko kuri Adele Kibasumba, warokotse Jenoside, umuvugizi w’amahoro ndetse n’uwahoze ari Perezida w’Umuryango Mahoro Peace Association, ayo magambo yumvikana nk’aho ari ubusa.

Agira ati: “Mvugishije ukuri, ‘Ntibizongere ukundi’ ni intero gusa muri iki gihe. Ntabwo ari igikorwa.” Ijwi rye rituje ariko rikomeye ritwaje uburemere bw’ibyo yibuka, ariko rinarimo n’agahinda k’uburakari, bidatewe gusa n’ibyabaye mu Rwanda mu 1994, ahubwo n’ibyo avuga ko bikomeje kubera hakurya y’umupaka, mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC).

Jenoside “Yambutse Imipaka”

Kibasumba ntiyemera ko urugomo ruri mu burasirazuba bwa RDC rutandukanye n’amateka y’u Rwanda. Ahubwo abona hari umurongo uhuza ibyo byombi. Agira ati: “Ibyabaye mu Rwanda ntibyigeze birangira. Byambutse imipaka gusa.”

Avuga ko ibisigisigi by’ingabo zakoze Jenoside, cyane cyane FDLR, byashinze imizi mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, bigafasha guteza imbere urugomo rukorerwa Abatutsi b’Abanyekongo, by’umwihariko Abanyamulenge.

Mu myaka ishize, ibi byahindutse urusobe rukomeye rw’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, imitwe y’abaturage n’abandi bashyigikiwe na leta. Agira ati: “Bose bafite icyo bahuriyeho kimwe: barwanya umuryango umwe muto.”

Kibasumba atanga umuburo ko ibimenyetso bya mbere byerekana Jenoside, nk’imvugo zibiba urwango, propaganda, no gutesha abantu agaciro, bitari gusa bihari ahubwo bigenda byiyongera. Ati: “Muri Jenoside, harabanza hakabaho imvugo z’urwango. Iyo abantu bamaze kumenyerezwa, urugomo ruba rworoshye. Ndetse n’abana bashobora kwigishwa ko kwica ari igikorwa cyiza.”

Ahangayikishijwe cyane n’uruhare rw’itumanaho rigezweho. Agira ati: “Mbere nta mbuga nkoranyambaga zariho. Ubu zo zongera ubukana bw’ibintu byose. Tekereza abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni basubiramo amagambo amwe arwanya itsinda rimwe. Biba biteye ubwoba cyane.”

Imbaraga zo Gutanga Ubuhamya no Kubungabunga Amateka

Kuri Kibasumba, kuba yararokotse ni uburyo bwo kurwanya ikibi kandi bikaba n’inshingano. Agira ati: “Ndi inyandiko nzima. Keretse munyishe, ndi inyandiko.”

Ni umwe mu barokotse ubwicanyi bwabereye i Gatumba mu 2004, kimwe mu byaha byinshi agarukaho agaragaza ko urugomo rugenda rwugaruka kenshi. Aho kubibona nk’ibyabaye rimwe, abifata nk’igice cy’uruhererekane rukomeza.

Agira ati: “Ntibihagarara. Dukomeza kubyandika. Abarokotse ni bo nyandiko nziza dufite. Tugomba kuvuga, kwandika no kubwira abandi izi nkuru. Ntitwagomba kuba abarebera.”

Anashimangira akamaro ko guhererekanya aya mateka ku rubyiruko. Ati: “Tugomba kwibuka ku bwacu. Ariko tugomba no kubibwira abatarahabaye, tukabigisha ibyabaye.”

Binyuze mu kazi ke muri Mahoro Peace Association no mu buvugizi yagize, Kibasumba yahinduye inyandiko, inkuru n’urwibutso ibikoresho by’ingenzi, atari gusa ku butabera, ahubwo no mu gukumira ibibi.

Ikibazo cy’Ubuyobozi n’Inshingano

Kibasumba anenga cyane umuryango mpuzamahanga, by’umwihariko Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN), avuga ko wagiye unanirwa gukumira cyangwa guhagarika ibyaha bikomeye. Agira ati: “UN yananiwe u Rwanda. Iri kunanirwa Kongo. Kandi ntizadukiza uyu munsi.”

Yibutsa ko inkambi y’impunzi ya Gatumba, aho ubwicanyi bwabereye, yari irinzwe na UN. Ati: “Ibyo ntibyabujije imitwe yitwaje intwaro kuza kwica abantu, ndetse no gutwika abakiri bazima.”

Anenga kandi imyaka myinshi UN imaze mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, agashyira inshingano ku bayobozi bo mu karere. Agira ati: “Baje kwambura intwaro umutwe umwe. Uyu munsi hari imitwe irenga 200. Ibyo bikubwira iki? Abayobozi ni bo bafite urufunguzo n’umuti w’iki kibazo. Nibatagira icyo bakora, bizakomeza indi myaka 30.”

Urubyiruko, Kwibuka, n’Urugamba rw’Amahoro

Nubwo ubutumwa bwe buremereye, Kibasumba abona icyizere mu rubyiruko, cyane cyane abavukiye mu buhungiro cyangwa bakuriye mu ngaruka z’ibikomere by’amateka. Agira ati: “Intambwe ya mbere ni ukumenya—gusobanukirwa ibikomere byawe, kubyemera, no kutabyemera ngo bikuganze.”

Avuga ko urubyiruko rwafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura ububabare intego. Ati: “Twanga kwicara gusa no kurakara. Duhitamo gukora, kuvuga no gufasha abandi bahura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo.”

Kuri we, kubaka ubufatanye ni ingenzi, kandi guceceka si amahitamo. Agira ati: “Ntiduri twenyine. Hari n’indi miryango n’abarokotse ahandi ku isi. Iyo duhuriye hamwe, amajwi yacu arakomera. Ntitugomba guha urwango umwanya. Iyo turebye umuryango umwe ucika, ntibirangirira aho—birakwirakwira.”

Umuburo Utagomba Kwirengagizwa

Mu gihe u Rwanda ruri kwibuka amateka yarwo, Kibasumba asaba akarere n’isi yose guhangana n’ukuri gukomeye: kwibuka bidaherekejwe n’ibikorwa ntibihagije. Agira ati: “Twatekerezaga ko byarangiye mu Rwanda. Siko biri. Byageze muri Kongo. Niba twongera kubyirengagiza, bizakwira ahandi.”

Kuri we, Kwibuka si uguhesha icyubahiro ibyabaye gusa. Ni no gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba ubu, no gukumira ejo hazaza hasa n’ahashize.

Reba ibindi muri iyi Video:

Adele Kibasumba

Adele Kibasumba agaragaza ishusho iteye ubwoba y’ubuzima bwo muri Minembwe no mu bice bihakikije, aho abaturage, cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abanyamulenge, bagoswe n’ihohoterwa, inzara n’akato.

Binyuze mu bikorwa bye muri Mahoro Peace Association no mu bundi bukangurambaga, Kibasumba yahinduye kwandika no kubika amateka ndetse no kuyavuga, ibikoresho by’ingenzi, atari gusa mu gushaka ubutabera, ahubwo no mu gukumira ibishobora kuba.

Agira ati: “Abantu ntibashobora no kujya nko mu bilometero bitanu gushaka ibiryo. Iyo babigerageje, baba bashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga ko kwicwa.” Kibasumba atanga ingero z’abagore bagiye gushakira abana babo ibiryo, ariko bagahura n’urupfu rubi cyane.

Ati: “Imibiri yabo yaratemaguwe. Ubu ni bwo buzima abantu barimo kubamo.” Asobanura ko kugera ku bufasha bw’ubutabazi byabaye ingorabahizi, kuko n’ababutanga ubwabo bicwa.

Imyigaragambyo mu mutuzo y’Abanyamulenge

Ati: “Abatanga ubutabazi badafite intwaro n’abaganga bagenda batanga ubuvuzi bagabwaho ibitero ku manywa y’ihangu bakicwa.” No kugenda hagati y’imijyi nk’iyo ya Minembwe na Uvira byaragoranye cyane, kandi bituma abaturage batabona ibiribwa n’ubuvuzi by’ibanze.

Inzara nk’Intwaro

Kibasumba asobanura ko hari uburyo bukoreshwa bugamije kwima abaturage ibiryo nk’ingamba, bigatuma abaturage bagoswe n’intambara ubwayo, hamwe n’inzara.

Ati: “Hari amagambo avugwa ku mugaragaro yemeza ko gufunga inzira z’ibiryo ari ingamba. Ibi ni icyaha cy’intambara.”

Banyamulenge

Yongeraho ko mu bihe by’intambara, abaturage bagombye kurindwa, ariko ibiri muri kiriya gihugu bitandukanye n’ibyo.

Ati: “Ushobora kurwanya abo muhanganye. Ariko ntushobora kwicisha inzara abasivili kubera aho batuye.”

Ikibazo Kigaragara Ariko Kititabwaho

Uretse ihohoterwa rihari, n’ubukungu bw’Abanyamulenge bwarasenywe. Kibasumba asobanura ko inka ari zo shingiro ry’imibereho yabo, ariko mu myaka ishize, inka nyinshi zaribwe cyangwa ziricwa—ndetse hakoreshejwe n’uburyo bugezweho nka drones.

Ati: “Inka ni zo bukungu bwose. Ni zo mutungo wabo, ni zo kubaho kwabo. Iyo batakubonye, basenya urugo rwawe. Iyo ibyo nabyo bitakiriho, basenya icyo icyakubeshagaho.”

Yongeraho ko iri senywa ritegurwa rigamije guteza ububabare burambye.

Ati: “Si ukwica gusa. Ni ugushaka ko nta cyahasigara. Ikibabaje ni uko ibi bintu bizwi, byandikwa, ntibihishwe. Igikenewe ni uburinzi, kubona ibiryo no kubaho nta bwoba.”

N’Abatanga Ubutabazi Batagitekanye

Ihohoterwa risobanurwa na Adele Kibasumba ntirikigarukira ku bice byitaruye gusa; ryageze no ku bantu bari kugerageza gutanga ubufasha.

Mu minsi yashize, umukozi ushinzwe ubutabazi w’Umufaransa, Carine Buisset, ari mu bantu batatu bishwe n’ibitero bya drone byagabwe ku nyubako ikoreshwa kenshi n’abakozi b’ubutabazi. Icyo gitero cyanageze hafi y’Ikiyaga cya Kivu.

Umuryango wa UNICEF wasobanuye Buisset nk’umuntu witangiye umurimo w’ubutabazi wakoraga adahwema gufasha abana n’imiryango yugarijwe n’intambara n’ibibazo,” bigaragaza igihombo gikomeye, atari ku bahohotewe gusa, ahubwo no ku bagerageza kugabanya imibabaro ku baguwe nabi muri Congo.

Ku baturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ibi bifite ingaruka zikomeye. Niba n’abatanga ubutabazi batagitekanye, kubona ibiryo, ubuvuzi n’uburinzi birushaho kugorana. Umutekano muke ugirira nabi abaturage nawo ugota n’inzira zose zagenewe kubafasha.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Ggolo, Uganda

Abicanyi bitaga inzuzi “inzira y’ubusamo.” Bajugunyagamo abantu batekereza ko amazi azahisha ibyaha byabo kandi agasibanganya burundu abazize Jenoside. Ariko abo babyeyi, n’abo bana batwarwaga n’amazi bajyanwaga imuhengeri h’inzuzi, bakagera muri Uganda.

Aho ni ho abarobyi 19 baho bafashe icyemezo cyahinduye byose. Aho kwirengagiza, bavanye iyo mirambo mu mazi. Kuyisubiza ku butaka ntibyari ugusukura inkombe gusa—bahaye abo bantu agaciro kabo ka muntu. Bagaragaje ko no mu bihe by’icuraburindi, ubumuntu butagira imipaka.

Impuhwe mu Migezi

Umunyamakuru n’umukinnyi wa filimi Dady de Maximo Mwicira-Mitali, warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yamaze imyaka myinshi akusanya amateka y’uru rugendo. Yemeza ko isi igomba kumenya ibyo abo barobyi bakoze.

Agira ati: “Nta magambo ahagije yabashimira. Ntibabonye imirambo gusa; bitaye ku babyeyi bacu n’abana bacu mu gihe nta wundi wabashoboraga kubitaho.”

Mwicira-Mitali werekanye muri filime ukuntu imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yageze mu Kiyaga cya Victoria

Hagati ya 2004 na 2011, Mitali yafashe aka gace k’amateka katari kazwi cyane agashyira muri filimi ye yitwa By the Shortcut – Iy’Ubusamo. Ni inkuru ikomeye, ikurikirana inzira iva ku mugezi wa Nyabarongo igera muri Uganda, ariko ni ingenzi. Itwibutsa abazize Jenoside bashakaga kwibagirana, ndetse n’abanyamahanga banze kubyemera.

Abanyarwanda bunamira abazize Jenoside imibiri yabo ikajugunywa mu nzuzi nka Nyabarongo ikambuka imipaka igera muri Uganda.

“Inzira y’Ubusamo” Yari Iy’Ubushinyaguzi

Mu gihe cya Jenoside, abicanyi bakundaga kuvuga “inzira y’ubusamo”—ijambo ribi ryashakaga kuvuga ko Abatutsi boherezwa aho “baturutse.” Iyo “nzira” yari uruhererekane rw’inzuzi zatwaraga imibiri yakomeretse ikayigeza mu Kiyaga cya Victoria.

Ariko si bwo bwa mbere byari bibaye. Gukoresha inzuzi nk’uburyo bwo kujugunya imirambo byari bisanzwe mu bihe by’ubwicanyi byo mu 1959, 1963, 1973 n’indi myaka yakurikiyeho. Mwicira-Mitali agira ati: “Si inzozi mbi gusa. Ni amateka yisubiramo.”

Muri iyo filimi, hagaragaramo inkuru ya Marie Claire Mukamitali, wari ufite imyaka 14 mu 1973, igihe yajugunywaga mu mugezi hamwe n’umuryango we. Yabashije kurokoka mu buryo bw’ibitangaza.

Agira ati: “Banyinjije mu mazi inshuro enye, ariko ndacyariho.” N’ubwo yarokotse, nk’uko byashobotse no ku bandi bacye, hari ibindi bihumbi by’abaroshywemo ntibagaruka ukundi.

Ubumwe Butari Bwitezwe Bwambukiranya Imipaka

Nyuma y’igihe Jenoside irangiye, ubwo imirambo yatangiraga kugaragara ku nkombe z’Ikiyaga cya Victoria muri Uganda, abarobyi baho bahuye n’inshingano itari yoroshye. Bamwe bahisemo kugira icyo bakora.

Hashize amezi Jenoside ibaye, abarobyi batangiye kuvana imibiri muri Victoria

Abarobyi 19 b’Abagande, bakoreraga mu bice nka Ggolo, Kasensero, Lambu, Marembo, Namirembe, Ddimo na Kalangala, batangiye gukura imirambo mu mazi, akenshi bashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga. Benshi barwaye kubera kumara igihe kinini mu mazi. Hari n’abaje gupfa nyuma.

Mwicira-Mitali agira ati: “Babaye igice cy’amateka y’imiryango yacu. Kwitanga kwabo ni gihamya ikomeye y’ubumuntu mu gihe cy’umwijima.”

Hari kandi na Thobani Mohamoud, wiyemeje kwita ku mva zashyinguwemo abo bantu. Mu myaka myinshi, yitaye ku gutuma abajugunywe mu rupfu bashyingurwa mu cyubahiro.

Nyuma y’igihe, ku bufasha bwa Leta y’u Rwanda, bamwe muri abo barobyi baje mu Rwanda guhura n’abarokotse Jenoside, bityo bagafunga uruziga rw’amarangamutima hagati y’ababuze ababo n’abafashije kubona amakuru yabo.

Kwibuka, Agaciro n’Inshingano yo Kuvuga Amateka

Filimi ya Mwicira-Mitali ntigarukira ku gukurikirana urugendo rw’umubiri gusa; yubaka bundi bushya urwibutso rwatatanye binyuze mu buhamya bw’abarokotse, abakoze ibyaha n’abafashije. Igaragaza ukuri kubabaje ko benshi mu bazize Jenoside, bambuwe umwirondoro no mu rupfu, batatanyijwe mu bihugu bitandukanye kandi bashyingurwa kure y’iwabo. Muri Uganda honyine, habonetse imibiri irenga ibihumbi 17, nk’uko bitangazwa n’umuryango uhuza imiryango y’abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda (IBUKA).

Amazi y’inzuzi ni yo Interahamwe zitaga inzira y’ubusamo

Kuri uyu mukinnyi wa filimi, uru rugendo rufite uburemere bwihariye. Nk’uwarokotse, yiyemeje kwandika iyi “nzira yibagiranye” mu mateka y’u Rwanda—inkuru irimo igihombo gikomeye ariko ikanagaragaza ubumwe butari bwitezwe.

Agira ati: “Iyo tuvuga abo twabuze, tugomba no kuvuga ababahagazeho mu gihe isi itabishoboraga.”

Uyu munsi, inkuru y’abo barobyi b’Abagande ikomeje kuba ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko no mu bihe by’umwijima w’ikirenga mu mateka y’ikiremwamuntu, ubutwari n’impuhwe bikomeza kubaho. Kubera ko bakuye abo bantu mu mazi, bakoze ikintu kimwe abicanyi batashoboye gukora: gusubiza agaciro ku buzima bwari bugamije gusibanganywa.