Ni urugendo rutari rworoheye izo nkura kuko zari zigeze i Kigali nyuma y’urundi rugendo rurerure mu ndege, zivanywe muri Repubulika ya Tchèque ku cyumweru tariki 23 Kamena 2019, aho zakoze ibilometero bisaga ibihumbi bitandatu kugira ngo zongere kumva amahumbezi y’inkomoko yazo, dore ko n’ubusanzwe zitwa inkura z’umukara zo muri Afurika (Black African Rhinos).

Mu gihe izi nkura uko ari eshanu zavukiye mu byanya bitatu bitandukanye by’i Burayi mu bihugu by’u Bwongereza, Denmark na Repubulika ya Tchèque, bivugwa ko ibisekuruza byazo byavukiye muri Afurika ariko zikaza kujyanwa i Burayi mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umutekano wazo.

Kimwe n’abandi Banyafurika bagenda bahunguka basubira mu bihugu byabo bavuye hirya no hino ku isi, izi nkura na zo zashoboye gutahuka muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera, dore ko muri iyi pariki hahozemo inkura ariko zikaza guhunga mu gihe cy’intambara yo kubohora igihugu.

Izi nkura zirimo eshatu z’ingore n’ebyiri z’ingabo zitezweho gufasha Leta y’u Rwanda mu mugambi wo kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri Pariki y’Akagera.

Dr. Pete Morkel, umuganga wari uherekeje izo nkura, yagize ati “Nejejwe no kubona uko zisa, ziratuje cyane ariko nta kibazo ziragenda zoroherwa.”

Ibi Dr Morkel yabivugiye ku kuba zigaragara zisa n’izinaniwe cyane kubera umunaniro zatewe n’urugendo zakoze mu modoka ziva ku kibuga cy’indege i Kanombe, dore ko imwe mu makamyo yazitwaye yagize ikibazo cya tekiniki bigasaba ko babanza kuyikanika.

Izi nkura uko ari eshanu zaje ziyongera ku zindi nkura 17 u Rwanda rwazanye muri 2017 zivuye muri Afurika y’Epfo zikaba zari zaracitse mu Rwanda bitewe n’intambara na ba rushimusi.

Kugeza ubu, ku isi hari ubwoko butanu bw’inkura, bubiri muri bwo burimo inkura z’umukara n’inkura z’umweru akaba ari bwo bugaragara muri Afurika. Inkura ni zimwe mu bwoko bw’ibisimba bigaragara ko biri mu nzira zo gucika, dore ko mu 1993 hari hasigaye izitageze ku bihumbi bibiri na magana atatu (2,300) zivuye ku bihumbi 65 mu 1970, ariko kubera imbaraga zigenda zishyirwa ku kuzitaho ubu zimaze kugera mu bihumbi bitanu.

Mark Pilgrim, Umuhuzabikorwa w’Umushinga ubungabunga inkura mu Ishyirahamwe ry’ibyanya by’inyamaswa mu Burayi (EAZA) akaba n’Umuyobozi w’icyanya cy’inyamaswa cya Chester mu Bwongereza, agira ati “Imikoranire iboneye y’ibyanya by’inyamaswa bya EAZA yatumye inkura z’umukara zongera kugira ubuzima burambye.”

Ati “Ibi bivuze ko dukwiye gutera indi ntambwe mu kwita ku zindi nyamaswa zirimo kuzimira.”

Izo nkura uko ari eshanu zazanywe muri Pariki y’Akagera nk’impano yahawe Urwego rw’igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB), ku bufatanye n’ishyirahamwe ry’amapariki mu Rwanda (African Parks). Ibi bikaba bifatwa nk’intambwe igaragaza icyizere u Rwanda rufitiwe mu kwita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri Afurika.

Eugene Mutangana, ushinzwe kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri RDB, agira ati “Turashimira EAZA kuri iyi mpano ntagereranywa iduhaye, no kuba yagiriye icyizere u Rwanda nk’ahantu izi nyamaswa zinogeye ijisho zizaba mu mudendezo.”

Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera ni pariki ubusanzwe yari izwiho kugira inyamaswa nyinshi z’inyamabere zirimo eshanu z’inyamabere nini ku isi (Big Five) zimo intare, ingwe, inzovu, inkura n’imbogo. Inyinshi muri zo zikaba zari zaracitse kubera ba rushimusi, ariko kugeza ubu kubera imiyoborere myiza no kwita ku bukerarugendo u Rwanda rumaze kugarura izo nyamaswa eshanu nini ku isi.

Jes Gruner, Umuyobozi wa Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera, asobanura uburyo Pariki y’Akagera izagwa neza izo nkura, yavuze ko kugeza ubu nta ba rushimusi bakirangwa muri iyo pariki, ndetse ko irimo kugenda itera imbere inyamaswa ziyirimo zose zikaba zimeze neza.

Yagize ati “Twari tumaze igihe twiteguye uyu munsi.Twishimiye kubakira ku ngufu dusanzwe dushyira mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri iyi pariki dufatanyije na RDB no kuba inkura twazanye muri 2017 zimeze neza.”

Ati “Kuzana izi eshanu zindi ni andi mateka n’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ibishoboka mu gihe dukoranye n’abafatanyabikorwa mu kurinda no kongera kugarura inyamaswa ziri mu marembera.”

Gruner avuga ko mu gihe iyi gahunda yo kugarura inkura yagenda neza uko babiteguye, u Rwanda rwaba iwabo w’urusobe rw’inkura nini cyane z’intuburano muri aka karere.

Zaje mu ndege

Indege yazizanye yageze i Kigali mu rukerera rwo ku Cyumweru tariki 23 Kamena 2019

Zikigera mu Rwanda zagaragazaga umunaniro

Mu nzira ziva i Kigali zerekeza i Kayonza

Buri nkura yaje iri muri kontineri (container) yabugenewe

Inzobere mu bijyanye n’inyamaswa zaje ziherekeje izo nkura zahaye ikiganiro abanyamakuru

Ubu ni bwo bwatsi bugaburirwa izo nkura

Amafoto: Plaisir Muzogeye

Kureba andi mafoto menshi kanda hano

Iyi ni yo ndege yazanye izo nkura eshanu

Izo nkura uko ari eshanu zaturutse mu cyanya cyororerwamo inyamaswa cya Safari Park Dvůr Králové muri Repubulika ya Tchèque.

Indege yari itwaye izo nkura yageze i Kanombe ku kibuga cy’indege hafi saa cyenda zo mu rukerera, bikaba biteganyijwe ko ziza guhita zijyanwa muri Pariki y’Akagera, aho zigiye gukomereza ubuzima bwazo.

Izo nkura eshanu ziyongereye ku zindi nkura 17 u Rwanda rwazanye muri 2017 zivuye muri Afurika y’Epfo zikaba zari zimaze imyaka icumi zaracitse mu Rwanda bitewe na ba rushimusi.

Izo nkura zirimo eshatu zitwa Jasiri, Jasmina na Manny zavukiye muri Dvůr Králové muri Repubulika ya Tchèque. Indi imwe yitwa Olmoti yaturutse muri Pariki ya Flamingo mu Bwongereza, iya gatanu yitwa Mandela ituruka mu cyanya cyororerwamo inyamaswa cya Ree Park Safari muri Denmark.

Zose uko ari eshanu zari zimaze iminsi zarahurijwe muri Pariki ya Safari Park Dvůr Králové yo muri muri Repubulika ya Tchèque kuva mu mwaka wa 2018.

Kuva muri iyo Pariki kugera muri Pariki y’Akagera harimo intera y’ibilometero ibihumbi bitandatu (6.000km).

Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB) ruvuga ko umutekano w’izo nkura wizewe kuko mu Rwanda ibikorwa bya ba rushimusi byacitse, zikaba kandi zitezweho kongera umubare wa ba mukerarugendo basura u Rwanda, by’umwihariko abasura Pariki y’Akagera.

Zaje ziherekejwe n’inzobere mu bijyanye no kwita ku nyamaswa

Amafoto: RDB

Ku bufatanye bwa Leta y’u Rwanda n’umuryango witwa “European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA)”, ukora ibijyanye no kwita ku nyamaswa, n’undi muryango witwa “African Parks”, bazazana inkura eshanu zirabura (Eastern Black Rhinoceroses) zavukiye zikanakurira mu cyanya cyabugenewe, zizaza zivuye muri pariki yo muri Repubulika ya hTcheque zigiye muri Pariki y’Akagera mu Rwanda.

Urugendo rw’izo nkura ziza mu Rwanda ruratangira ku Cyumweru tariki ya 23 Kamena 2019, zikazaba zigizwe n’inkura z’ingore eshatu, n’ebyiri z’ingabo.

Mark Pilgrim, umuhuzabikorwa wa porogaramu y’inkura zirabura muri EAZA, akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’icyanya cya Chester (Chester Zoo)yea mu Bwongereza yagize ati “Ubufatanye hagati y’ibyanya bigize EAZA bwatumye umubare w’inkura zirabura (Eastern Black Rhino) wiyongera. Ibyo bisobanuye ko intambwe ikurikiyeho ari ukurinda ubu bwoko bw’inkura bugakomeza gusugira no mu gihe kizaza.

Izo nkura eshanu zifite hagati y’imyaka ibiri n’icyenda hakaba harimo izitwa Jasiri, Jasmina na Manny zavukiye mu cyanya cya Dvůr Králové muri Repubulika ya Tcheque, hakaba n’iyitwa ‘Olmoti’ yavuye i Flamingo mu Bwongereza n’indi yitwa ‘Mandela’ yaturutse mu cyanya cya ‘Ree Park Safari’ muri Denmark.

Izo nkura zizaza ziherekejwe n’uwitwa Veronika Varekova ukora muri urwo rwego rwo kubungabunga inkura, wavuze ko izo nkura zihawe Urwego cyi’Igihugu rw’iterambere(RDB), ku bufatanye n’ikigo ‘African Parks’ cyita kuri pariki y’Akagera.

Izo nkura uko ari eshanu zimaze amezi zitozwa kandi zinategurwa kuzakora urwo rugendo ruzamara hafi amasaha mirongo itatu, kugira ngo ntizizagire umuhangayiko kandi zizaze neza ku buryo bwose bushoboka.

Přemysl Rabas, umuyobozi mukuru w’icyanya cya “Safari Park Dvůr Králové” yagize ati“Twizeye ko izi nkura zizamenyera neza mu Rwanda. Zizabanza zishyirwe mu kintu kimeze nk’ikiraro gikozwe mu mbaho, nyuma zishyirwe ahantu hagutse kurushaho ariko harinzwe, nyuma y’aho zizajyanwa mu majyaruguru ya Pariki y’Akagera aho zizaba zisanzuye.

Mu 2017, nibwo RDB ifatanyije na ‘African Parks’ yagaruye inkura zigera kuri 18 muri Pariki y’Akagera. Ku nkunga yatanzwe na ‘Howard G. Buffett Foundation. Kuva muri 2010, pariki y’Akagera yatangiye kugarura inyamaswa zari zaracitse kubera abahigi bazicaga, aho mu 2015, bazanye intare ubu zikaba zimaze kwikuba gatatu.

Kuva izo nyamaswa zagarurwa muri pariki y’Akagera, byazamuye umubare wa ba mukerarugendo, ku buryo ubu iyo pariki yinjiza miliyoni ebyiri z’Amadolari ku mwaka, ayo agafasha pariki n’abaturage bayituriye.

Clare Akamanzi, Umuyobozi mukuru wa RDB yagize ati, “ Izo nkura eshanu zigiye guturuka mu byanya by’i Burayi, zizongera umubare w’izo twari dusanganywe muri Pariki y’Akagera. Ubu bufatanye n’inshuti zacu z’i Burayi ni igihamya cy’uko u Rwanda rwiyemeje kubungabunga inyamaswa z’i Gasozi.

Kugeza ubu, ibikorwa byo gushimuta inyamaswa bisa n’ibyarangiye burundu muri pariki zacu, kandi turahamya ko izo nkura zizanogerwa n’aho zigiye ku muri pariki y’Akagera.Ni inyongera nziza muri pariki y’Akagera, aho ubu ba mukerarugendo bashobora gusura inyamaswa eshanu nini muri Afurika(African Big Five), ari zo imbogo, inkura, intare, ingwe n’inzovu.

Inkura zigiye kwiyongera mu cyanya cy’Akagera

Izo Nkura zizaturuka muri pariki eshatu ari zo Ebeltoft Zoo yo Danimark, Flamingo Land yo mu Bwongereza, Dvur Kralove zoo yo muri Repulika ya Czech.

Ubuyobozi bwa Pariki y’Akagera buvuga ko mu Nkura eshanu zizaza, harimo ingore ebyiri, ngo nta gihindutse zizagera mu Rwanda muri Kamena 2019.

Sarah Hall, umuyobozi ushinzwe itangazamakuru muri Pariki y’Akagera, yavuze ko Inkura zizazanwa mu Rwanda, zatoranijwe hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’izashobora kuba muri iyo pariki bitewe n’imiterere yazo.

Inkura eshanu zizaturuka i Burayi zizaza ziyongera ku zindi 18, zazanywe muri iyo pariki muri Gicurasi 2017 ziturutse muri Afurika y’Epfo .

Gusa izo Nkura zizabanza gushyirwa mu gace kihariye zitandukanywe n’izihasanzwe, nyuma nizimara kumenyera ngo nibwo zizemererwa, guhura nk’uko bitangazwa na Premysl Rabas, umuyobozi wa Dvur Kralove zoo.

Inkura imaze ukwezi ivutse muri Parike y’Akagera imeze neza

Nyuma y’Amezi ane zigeze mu Rwanda, Ubuyobozi bwa Parike y’Akagera bwatangaje ko imwe muri izi Nkura yiswe Ineza, imaze ukwezi ibyaye umwana wayo ameze neza.

Izi nkura uko ari 18 zagaruwe mu Rwanda, nyuma y’imyaka ibiri intare zirindwi zigaruwe muri Parike y’Akagera, bituma iyi Parike ibarirwa mu ma Parike afite inyamanswa eshanu zikomeye zizwi nka Big Five.

Uku kugaruka kw’izi nyamanswa muri Parike y’Akagera , byatumye umubare w’abayisura wiyongera, aho mu Kwezi kwa Nyakanga 2017 iyi Parike yinjije ibihumbi Magana abiri by’Amadolari ya Amerika, asaga 160.800.000 FRW.

Zimwe mu Nkura umunani zagejejwe mu Rwanda.

Izi nkura zikigezwa i Kanombe zahise zoherezwa muri Pariki y’Akagera, zihuzwa n’izazanywe kuwa Kabiri w’icyumweru gishize. Zakuwe muri Pariki ya Thaba Tholo Game Ranch, muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Inkura zigarutse mu Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka 10 zicitse kubera ibikorwa bya ba rushimusi.

Inkura zazanywe mu buryo butuma zidahungabana.

Hanazanywe izindi Ntare ebyiri z’ingabo zije ziyongera kuri 17 zari ziri muri iyi Pariki, zose hamwe zikaba zibaye 19.

Iyo ndege niyo yazizananye n’izindi Ntare z’ingabo ebyiri.

Zakuwe ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kanombe zihita zoherezwa muri Pariki y’Akagera.

Inkura 10 zagejejwe muri Pariki y’Akagera

Byatangajwe na Belise Kariza, ukuriye ishami ry’ubukerarugendo muri RDB, mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru, cyibanze ku igaruka ry’inkura mu Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka 10 zitaharangwa, kuri uyu wa 4 Gicurasi 2017.

Uwo muyobozi avuga ko ubwiyongere bw’abasura Pariki y’Akagera bwazamutse cyane kuva yakongerwamo inyamaswa nshya.

Yagize ati “Muri 2016 abasura Pariki y’Akagera bariyongereye cyane, n’umubare w’Abanyarwanda warazamutse baba 54% by’abayisuye bose.
Ibi byatewe ahanini n’uko twagaruye intare muri iyi Pariki.

Pariki y’Akagera ngo yinjije miliyoni 300Frw muri 2015, ngo hakaba hari hariho inyongera ya 10% ugereranije n’umwaka wa 2014.

Umuyobozi wa Pariki y’Akagera, Jes Gruner, yavuze ko bashyizeho ingamba zizatuma izi nyamaswa zitongera gucika.

Abayobozi mu kiganiro n’abanymakuru

Ati “Twiteguye gukurikirana ubuzima bw’izi nkura ku buryo buhagije kuko tuzazisura kenshi gashoboka, tuzisuzuma buri cyumweru haba hari ifite uburwayi ikavurwa.
Twashyizeho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwo kuzikurikirana ndetse hari na kajugujugu izajya iba iri hejuru ya Pariki icunga ko nta kizihungabanya”.

Ikindi ngo ni uko mu Rwanda hari itegeko rirengera ibinyabuzima harimo n’izi nyamaswa, bikaba ari byo bituma ba rushimusi batazongera kuzibasira.

Yongeraho ko Pariki y’Akagera ari ishyamba ryiza ririmo ibyo inkura zikunda kurya ku buryo ngo hari icyizere ko zizororoka zikaba nyinshi.

Izi nkura 10 z’umukara ziri muri Pariki y’Akagera, zageze mu Rwanda ku itariki ya 2 Gicurasi 2017 ziturutse mu gihugu cya Afurika y’Epfo, ubu ngo zose zikaba zimeze neza nk’uko ubuyobozi bw’iyi Pariki bubyemeza.

Abanyamakuru batandukanye bitabiriye ikiganiro

Ubu buyobozi kandi buvuga ko umushinga wo kuzana izi nkura watwaye miliyoni ebyiri z’Amadorari ya Amerika.

Biteganijwe ko mu byumweru bibiri biri imbere, ikindi cyiciro cy’inkura z’umukara 10 na zo zizagezwa mu Rwanda.

Nyuma y’imyaka 10 inkura zicitse mu Rwanda, parike y’Akagera yakiriye izigera ku 10

Uyu munsi muri parike hagejejwe inkura 10. Ariko muri rusange hazazanwa 20. Zizanywe ku bufatanye bw’urwego rushinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda (RDB), n’umuryango African Parks wita kuri amwe mu mapariki yo muri Afurika harimo n’iy’Akagera na Fondasiyo Howard G. Buffett.

Mu myaka y’i 1970, muri Pariki y’Akagera hari inkura zigera kuri 50, ariko zagiye zimarwa bucye bukeya na ba rushimusi, kugeza nta n’imwe ihasigaye mu mwaka w’2007.

Inkura zigejejwe ku kibuga cy’Indege i Kanombe kuri uyu wa mbere

Umuyobozi w’umuryango African Parks, Peter Fearnhead, avuga ko umubare w’inyamaswa z’inkura ugenda ugabanuka muri rusange bitewe n’uko hari ababa bashaka amahembe yazo.

Ati “Twiyemeje kuzigarura kuko tuzi ko u Rwanda rwafashe ingamba zo kubungabunga inyamaswa ziri muri za pariki. Ni n’uburyo bwo gusubiza Pariki y’Akagera bimwe mu binyabuzima yahoranye.”

Zigejejwe mu Parike y’Akagera

Izi nkura zigaruwe muri Pariki y’Akagera nyuma y’uko mu 2015 hari hagaruwe n’intare na zo zikuwe muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Hari uwakwibaza niba uretse intare n’inkura nta zindi nyamaswa zashize muri pariki zikeneye kuhagarurwa. Telesphore Ngoga, umuyobozi mu ishami ryo kubungabunga ibinyabuzima by’agasozi muri RDB ati “kuri ubu izari zikenewe cyane ni ziriya.”

Imwe mu nkura yagejejwe muri Parike y’Akagera

Ibi abivuga abihereye ku kuba ziriya nyamaswa zaragaruwe muri pariki y’Akagera harebwe inyamaswa nini zihakurura ba mukerarugendo.

Ubundi izo nyamaswa nini zikurura ba mukerarugendo ni 5 ari zo inkura, intare, ingwe, imbogo n’inzovu. Ziriya zindi muri pariki zari zigihari, izari zarahashize ni inkura n’intare.

Uwo mushinga wamuritswe tariki 03/03/2016 i Hague mu Buholandi mu nama yo kurengera ubuzima bw’inyamaswa. Witezweho gushyira Pariki y’Akagera ku rwego rwo hejuru kuko izaba igize inyamaswa zose nini zifatwa nka ‘Big five animals’ ari zo: intare, inzovu, imbogo, ingwe n’inkura.

Ambasaderi Karabaranga na Minisitiri w’Ubuholandi ushinzwe ubuhinzi nyuma yo kumurika umushinga wo kugarura inkura mu Rwanda

Umuyobozi wa RDB, Francis Gatare yashimye Guverinoma y’Ubuholandi n’ikigo cya African Parks abinyujije mu butumwa bw’amashusho yoherereje abari muri iyo nama.

Yavuze ko kugarura inkura mu Rwanda byazamura Parike y’Akagera kuko intare zirindwi iherutse kwakira zatumye izamuka mu ruhando rwa Parike ziri ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ambasaderi Karabaranga yavuze ko u Rwanda ari igihugu gitanga icyizere ku hazaza h’inyamaswa kubera umutekano wacyo n’ingamba cyafashe zo kurinda inyamaswa

Ati “Indi ntambwe dutegereje kugeraho ni ukongera kuzana inkura muri Pariki y’Akagera. Ndashima inkunga ya Guverinoma y’Ubuholandi mu kudufasha kugarura inkura mu Rwanda. Byatuma Pariki y’Akagera igira inyamaswa zose za ‘Big five’ ubu ni Pariki ifite ubwoko bwinshi bw’inyamaswa ku buso buto. [Ibonye amasatura] yaba pariki abantu bose bifuza gusura.”

Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Buholandi, Jean Pierre Karabaranga, yavuze ko u Rwanda rwashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu kurinda inyamaswa, icyizere cyo kuzirinda kikaba gishingiye ku mutekano rufite.

Umuyobozi wa RDB yoherereje abari mu nama ubutumwa bw’amashusho bushimira guverinoma y’Ubuholandi na African Parks

Ati “Ubuzima bw’inyamaswa buri mu biganza byacu. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda irimo kugira uruhare runini mu kuzirinda kandi yagaragaje ubushake bwinshi bwatumye bigerwaho."

Yakomeje agira ati "U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite umutekano. Kuva kiyobowe na Perezida Paul Kagame, cyateye intambwe mu iterambere ry’ubukungu no kugabanya ubukene. Guverinoma ifite ubushake kandi yiyemeje kurinda inyamaswa mu Rwanda.”

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, Ikigo cya African Parks n’icya RDB byemeranyijwe gufatanya gucunga Pariki y’Akagera. Ayo masezerano azamara imyaka 20 akaba ashobora no kuvugururwa mu gihe cy’indi myaka 20.

Inkura

Afite intego zirimo guteza imbere iyo pariki hagarurwamo ubwoko bw’inyamaswa idafite ndetse no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo hagamijwe kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu.

Rica Rwigamba, ushinzwe ubukerarugendo mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere, avuga ko ubu mu Rwanda hari inkura imwe iri muri parike y’Akagera, naho intare zo nta n’iy’umuti wahabona. Ibi byatewe nuko nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 hari Abanyarwanda batahutse bagatura muri bimwe mu bice byari bigize parike.

Rica Rwigamba yongeraho ko hafashwe ingamba kugirango izi nyamaswa zindi bagiye kuzana zizarindwe bihagije, gusa ntiyatangaje umubare w’ izo bazazana.
Yagize ati “ubu twatangiye kuzitira parike kandi twizera ko tuzaba twarangije bitarenze ukwezi kwa 2 umwaka utaha. Nyuma y’aho tuzihutira kuzana izo nyamaswa zizava hanze.”

Uretse ingagi, u Rwanda rufite ibindi byiza nyaburanga mu gihugu birimo inyoni z’amoko atandukanye ndetse n’amashyamba ya kimeza.

Marie Josee Ikibasumba