Youssuf Murangwa umuyobozi w’iki kigo abitangaza ashingiye ku cyegeranyo cyakozwe n’ikigo abereye umuyobozi, kigaragaza imibereho y’abaturage mu Rwanda, icyegeranyo cyiswe (Rwanda Poverty Profile Report 2013/14).

Mu myaka 21 ishize Abanyarwanda bahinguriwe ubuzima biturutse ahanini kuri gahunda za leta zashyizweho.

Iyi mibereho yazamutse igaragara muri iki cyegeranyo, igaragazwa n’igabanuka ry’imfu z’abagore bapfaga babyara, abana bapfaga bavuka, ndetse n’abandi bapfaga bakiri bato kubera imibereho mibi.

N’ubwo ariko intambwe igaragarira mu mibare ko yatewe mu kuzamura imibereho y’abanyarwanda, Murangwa Yussuf atangaza ko hakiri akazi gakomeye ko kugabanya umubare w’abana bagwingiye.

Agaragaza ko nk’abantu bakoze iki cyegeranyo, hari byinshi basanze Leta yarakoze mu kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage, akanagaragaza igikwiye gukomeza gukorwa kugirango imibereho y’abaturage ikomeze gutezwa imbere.
Yagize ati “Leta yashyizeho imbaraga mu kuzamura ubukungu mu baturage aho kugeza ubu ubukungu bwiyongereye ku kigero cya 7% kandi bukizamuka na n’ubu.”

Icyo kizere cyo kugabanya uwo mubare w’abana bagwingiye kikaba cyitezwe muri gahunda y’Imbaturabukungu ya 2, ariyo izwi ku izina rya (EDPRS II).

Guhabwa amata byagabanyije imirire mibi mu bana bato ariko inzira iracyari ndende.

Imwe mu mibare igaragaza intambwe abanyarwanda bamaze gutera

Muri iki cyegeranyo cyasohowe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR), hagaragaramo ko mu Rwanda hakozwe byinshi mu kugabanya imfu z’abana batoya bari munsi y’imyaka itanu, ndetse n’iz’abagore bapfaga babyara.

Imfu z’abana bapfaga bavuka zaragabanutse zigera ku bana 32/1000 mu mwaka wa 2013/14 ugereranyije n’uko abapfaga bari 107/1000 mu 2000.

Abana bapfaga batarageza imyaka itanu, imibare yaragabanutse igera ku bana 50/1000 mu mwaka wa 2013/14, ugereranyije n’abana 196/1000 bapfaga batarageza imyaka itanu mu 2000.

Nk’uko bigaragara kandi muri icyo cyegeranyo, iyi mibare yagiye igabanuka buhoro buhoro uko imyaka igenda ikurikirana kuva mu 2000 kugera mu 2014, aho iki cyegeranyo kigenda kigaruka ku mibare ya buri myaka itanu.

Imibare igaragaraza ko abana bapfaga bavuka yavuye ku 107/1000 mu 2000, igera kuri 86/1000 mu mwaka wa 2005, igera kuri 62/1000 mu 2007/08, iramanuka igera kuri 50/1000 mu 2010/11, mu mwaka wa 2013/14 igera kuri 32/1000.

Icyegeranyo kigaragaza kandi ko imibare y’abagore bapfaga babyara yagiye imanuka, kuva ku bagore 1071/100 000 mu mwaka wa 2000, bagera kuri 750 mu mwaka wa 2005,ikomeje kumanuka igera kuri 476 mu mwaka wa 2010, ubu imibare y’abagore bapfa babyara mu Rwanda igeze kuri 210/100 000 mu mwaka wa 2014/15.

Ariko n’ubwo bimeze gutya, muri iki cyegeranyo bigaragara ko hakiri akazi katoroshye ko kugabanya umubare w’abana bagwingiye n’abatakaza ibiro (kunanuka cyane).

Ibi bigaragazwa n’imibare iri muri iki cyegeranyo, aho yerekana ko imibare y’abana bagwingiye bafite munsi y’imyaka itanu bari 51% mu mwaka wa 2005.

Uyu mubare ariko ngo waragabanutse bagera kuri 38% mu mwaka wa 2014/15.

Abana bagaragaza kunanuka cyane bavuye ku 9% mu mwaka wa 2005 bagera kuri 2% mu mwaka wa 2014/15.

Ibi bigaragaza ko Leta y’u Rwanda igifite akazi katoroshye haba mu bukangurambaga, mu kwigisha abaturage kugaburira abana indyo yuzuye, no gukomeza kuzamura imibereho ya buri muryango kugira ngo ubashe kubona ibiwutunga.

Ni iki cyateye izi mpinduka mu buzima bw’abaturage?

Murangwa avuga ko mu duce twinshi tugize igihugu, ubuhinzi bwashyizwemo ingufu cyane bukavugururwa, kuburyo abaturage babasha guhinga kandi bakeza, bakabasha kwihaza mu biribwa ndetse bagasagurira n’amasoko, amaze kubakwa impande n’impande mu gihugu, bakagurisha bakabona amafaranga, kuburyo umusaruro wabo utajya ubura isoko.

Yanongeyeho kandi ko hakajijwe ubukangurambaga bwo kuringaniza imbyaro mu baturage, aho bamwe batangiye kumva akamaro ko kubyara abo bashoboye kurera, ibi bikaba nabyo biri mu bituma imibereho y’abaturage itera imbere.

Ibi byashimangiwe na Mukarusarika Assoumpta, umujyanama w’ubuzima mu Karere ka Bugesera, utangaza ko hashyizwe ingufu nyinshi mu gukangurira ababyeyi batwite kureka kwivuza magendu.

Ati “Twagerageje gukangurira ababyeyi batwite kugana ibigonderabuzima bakabitaho mu gihe cy’amezi icyenda batwite, kandi bamwe batangiye kubyumva, abandi ntibarabyumva neza ariko ubukangurambaga burakomeje turizerako nabo bazabyumva.”

Mukarusarika anongeraho ko bakanguriye ababyeyi kwita kundyo bagaburira abana babo ari nayo barya nabo, kugirango bagerageze kurya indyo yuzuye, banabakangurira gukora uturima tw’igikoni aho batuye, kugira ngo babashe kubona ibibafasha kurwanya imirire mibi, ubu bamwe batangiye kubikurikiza imirire mibi igenda igabanuka.

EDPRS II izatanga igisubizo kirambye

Nyuma yo kugaragaza intambwe u Rwanda rwateye mu kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage, Murangwa anatangaza ko hakiri aho kongera ingufu kuko abanyarwanda bataragera aho bifuza kugera.

Ati “Haracyakenewe kongerwa ingufu mu gukangurira abaturage imirire myiza, aho bamwe batarabyumva kubera imyumvire abandi bigaterwa n’ubushobozi buke.”

Avuga kandi ko bicishijwe muri gahunda y’Imbaturabukungu ya 2 EDPRS II, hazongerwa ingufu mu gukomeza kuzamura ubukungu bw’abaturage, kongera ingufu mu guteza imbere ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no gukangurira abantu kwitabira uburezi bushingiye ku bumenyi ngiro kugirango harwanywe ubushomeri.

Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko ivuga kuri gahunda y’imbaturabukungu ya kabiri (EDPRS II), Leta y’u Rwanda igaragaraza ko ubuzima bw’abaturage buzitabwaho cyane kuva iyi gahunda itangiye mu 2013 kugera mu mwaka wa 2018.

Nubwo Leta igaragaraza ko izita cyane mu kurwanya ubwandu bushya bw’agakoko ka Virusi itera SIDA, abantu bakangurirwa kwirinda no guhangana n’indwara zitandura (Non-communicable diseases), bigaragara ko hari amafaranga menshi azashyirwa muri iki gice cyo kwita ku buzima bw’abaturage.

Muri EDPRS II, Leta kandi igaragaza ko izakoresha amafaranga asaga miliyari 199,7 z’amanyarwanda mu mwaka wa 2013/14, miliyari 198,2 mu 2014/15, miliyari 201,1 mu 2015/16, miliyari 218,8 mu 2016/17 na miliyari 216,2 mu mwaka wa 2017/18 muri rusange hakazakoreshwa asaga miliyari 1.034.

Roger Marc Rutindukanamurego