El Nino 2015 ni izina ryahawe imiyaga ishyushye iva mu Nyanja ya Pacifique izatera ubushyuhe kuva muri Nzeri 2015 kugera 2016.

Ikigo kita kumihindagurikire y’ikirere cyo mu Bwongereza Met Office, kigaragaza ko El Nino iboneka nibura nyuma y’imyaka itanu, ikagira ingaruka zo kongera ubushye ku mazi y’inyanja ya Pacifique.

El Nino 2015 igereranywa niyabaye 1998 yagize ingaruka z’ubushyuhe budasanzwe igatera amapfa n’inzara bitewe n’ibihe by’izuba biboneka hamwe n’ibihe by’imvura bidasanzwe byangiza imyaka y’abaturage.

Met Office ivuga ko El Nino 2015 izagira igihe cy’izuba kinshi ku mugabane w’Afurika y’Epfo na Asia y’Uburasirazuba hamwe n’imyuzure ku mugabane w’Amerika y’Epfo.

Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisitere y’ibikorwa remezo ushinzwe amazi, isuku n’isukura, Germaine Kamayirese, yasabye ko abaturage batakomeza kubaka mu karere ka Rubavu ahubwo n’abayarimo bakayakurwamo hirindwa ko bagirwaho ingaruka n’ibiza.

Mu murenge wa Rugerero mu kagari ka Rwaza na Kabirizi haboneka abaturage bakomeje gusatira kubaka ku misozi kandi ari mu manegeka.

Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisitere y’ibikorwa remezo ushinzwe amazi, isuku n’isukura Germaine Kamayirese akaba avuga ko ubuyobozi bw’ibanze bwagombye kubihagurukira.

Agira ati “turakora ibishoboka ngo abatuye mu manegeka bayavemo, ariko hamwe biboneka ko bayasubiramo, turasaba abayobozi b’inzego zibanze kudufasha kurwanya ko hagira ugerwaho n’ibiza.”

U Rwanda rwafashe ingamba zo guhangana n’ibiza bishobora guterwa n’imiyaga idasanzwe izava mu Nyanja ya pacifique El Nino igatera imvura idasanzwe izuba byagira ingaruka ku Rwanda.

Zimwe mu ngaruka zishobora kubonaka harimo; imyuzure, inkangu, imiyaga idasanzwe n’inkuba nibindi bishobora guherekeza imvura nyinshi ishobora kuzagwa.

Minisitere ishinzwe gucunga Ibiza ikaba yarakoze inyigo igaragaza uburyo bwo guhangana n’ingaruka za El Nino 2015 hashingiye kubiza bishobora kwigaragaza.

Nkuko bigaragazwa n’inyigo ya MIDIMAR yiswe “National preparedness and response plan for the 2015 El Nino effects in Rwanda” ngo El Nino ishobora kwigaragaza kuva mu kwezi kwa Nzeri kugera mu Kuboza 2015 nubwo ingaruka zayo zagera 2016.

Uturere tw’Intara y’Uburasirazuba n’umujyi wa Kigali duteganyijwe kuzakira imvura iri hagati ya 370-430 mm na naho Intara y’Uburengerazuba, Amajyepfo hamwe n’Intara y’Amajyaruguru imvura ikava izazamuka.

Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe mu Rwanda RMA kigaragaza ko ingaruka za El Nino 2015 zishobora kuzamera nk’izabonetse mu myaka 1997-1998 mu karere k’Iburasirazuba zitewe n’imvura nyinshi yaguye ikangiza, imyuzure n’inkangu.

Naho imvura yatangiye mu Rwanda yaguye nzeri 1997 kugera Gicurasi 1998, ibihe bikurikirwa n’ibura ry’imvura ryatangye nzeri 1998 kugera Gicurasi 1999 bitera amapfa n’inzara mu 2000 bitewe n’imyuzure, kwangirika kw’amazu, kwandura kw’amazi hamwe no kwangirika kw’imyaka.

El Nino 1997 yatumye habaho ibyorezo by’indwara hangirika n’ibikorwa remezo bitera igihugu igihombo, kugira ngo igihugu kibyikuremo cyakoresheje akayabo ka miliyoni ebyiri z’amadolari y’Amerika gifatanyije n’abaterankunga.

MIDIMAR igaragaza ko mu kwirinda ko ibyabaye 1997 byasubira ngo izajya igenzura amakuru y’ihindagurika ry’ikirere ifatanyije na RMA, gutanga amakuru y’uko ibihe bihagaze, gushishikariza abaturage kwitabira umuganda mu gukora isuku no gukuraho ibyangijwe n’imvura.

El Nino yatangiye kwigaragaza Gashyantare 2015 izarangira mu mwaka wa 2016 ishobora kuzagira ubukana bukomeye kurusha izindi zabonetse mu myaka 20 yashize.

Ubuyobozi bwa MIDIMAR buvuga ko abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 2.8 bari ahantu imvura nyinshi, umuyaga n’inkuba, miliyoni 3.6 batuye mu duce tw’inkangu naho miliyoni 1.6 batuye aho batwarwa n’amazi n’imyuzure.

Icyegeranyo cya MIDIMAR kigaragaza ko ingaruka za EL Nino zagera ku mavuriro 148 n’ibigo by’amashuri 882.

Imvura, imyuzure n’inkangu bikaba byasenyera abaturage bbarirwa mu bihumbi 50 n’ibyumba by’amashuri 500 byakwigirwamo n’abanyeshuri ibihumbi 20 mu ntara y’Uburengerazuba, Amajyaruguru n’Uburasirazuba.

Ingaruka za El Nino uretse kwangiza mu Rwanda, zatuma abaturage 500 babura ubuzima ndetse abarenga 2000 bakaba bakomereka n’abaturage benshi bakabura amazu yabo.

El Nino 2015 izatuma ibikorwa remezo byinshi byangirika; MIDIMAR ikaba igaragaza ko ibiraro n’imihanda n’ubutaka byakangirika kubera imvura nyinshi.

25% by’imihanga yo mu turere ishobora kwangizwa n’inkangu, naho imihanda yakaburimbo igacikamo ingero zitangwa ni umuhanda wa Kigali-Musanze-Rubavu, umuhanda wa Mukamira-Ngororero-Muhanga hamwe n’umuhanda wa Nyamasheke-karongi ukiri kubakwa.

Imihanda ishobora gufungwa n’ibiti bishobora kugwa, naho imihanda y’uturere izasenyuka, indi ntishobore kunyurwamo kubera gucika kw’ibiraro n’inkangu. Ingero zitangwa umuhanda wa gahunga-Butaro-Burera.

Insinga z’amashanyarazi zishobora kugwa naho amatiyo y’amazi yakangizwa n’inkangu nkuko amasoko ashobora gufungwa n’imyuzure.

Imvura izagwa izangiza imyaka y’igihembwe A cy’ihingwa kuko izaba ifite igipimo cya 25mm, bikaba bizangiza umusaruro w’ubuhinzi uri hejuru ya 40%, bikaba byatera inzara mu mezi ya Ugushyingo 2015 kugera Gashyantare 2016.

Ikibazo cy’inkuba gishobora kuziyongera, MIDIMAR itangaza ko mu bihe bisanzwe by’imvura inkuba zihitana abantu babarirwa muri 20 zigakomeretsa 50 mu kwezi, ariko u gihe cy’imvura ishobora kuzagwa umubare uzarenga, abaturage bagasabwa kwitwararika.

Ahantu hahurirwa n’abantu benshi nk’isoko, inzengero, amavuriro, gereza, ahategerwa imodoka n’ahandi hahurira abantu benshi hagombye gushyirwa imirindankuba mu kurinda ko abahahurira bakubitwa n’inkuba.

Zimwe mu ngamba zateganyijwe zirimo gutegura inzego mpuzabikorwa mu gihe habaye Ibiza bikomaka kuri El Nino, gutegura uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru afasha abaturage kwirinda ko Ibiza bibagwiririye no gutegura ubufasha bwakwitabaza mu gihe Ibiza bibaye.

U Rwanda rwamaze gushyira abafatanyabikorwa mu byiciro mu gukora ubutabazi kwitegura guhangana n’ibibazo byaboneka hakorwa ibyakenerwa mu gihe cyo gukora ubutabazi no kugabanya ingaruka zaterwa na El Nino.

Kugira ngo Leta y’u Rwanda izashobore guhangana n’ibiza bishobora gutezwa na El Nino, biteganyijwe ko Miliyoni 650 zizakoreshwa mu gukora ubukangurambaga, mu bikorwa by’umuganda, guhungisha abari mu kaga no kubagezaho ubufasha bwibanze hamwe no kubafasha gusubira mu buzima busanzwe.

Ku baturage 47 474 bari mu manegeka Intara y’Amajyepfo yari ku mwanya wa mbere n’abaturage 19 386, Uburengerazuba bakagira abaturage 15 761, Umujyi wa Kigali 6 594, Amajyaruguru 4 735 naho Uburasirazuba abaturage bari mu manegeka ni 998.

Imibare itangwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imiturire kigaragaza ko mu mwezi kwa Kamena 2015 86.6% bari bamaze kuva mu manegeka abayasigayemo ari 6 345 Intara y’Amajyepfo ikagira ababarirwa muri 5 288.

Abaturage batuye mu manegeka bashobora kugerwaho n’ingaruka z’ibiza byaterwa na El Nino, bavuga ko ntacyo bayiziho, bakavuga ko ibiza bazi ari ibiterwa n’imiyaga n’imvura ariko ntakundi babigenza.

Baramboneye Azalias utuye mu mudugudu wa Cyanika akagari ka Rwaza, avuga ko atuye mu manegeka ariko adafite ahandi yatura bitewe n’ubushobozi.

Ati “Ibiza dusanzwe tubibona, ku musozi wa Rubavu abari bahatuye barahabakuye kubera Ibiza naho iyo El Nino muvuga nibwo bwambere nyumvise.”

Iraguha Raphael umuyobozi w’umudugudu wa Cyanika, avuga ko ubuyobozi bwahagaritse abaturage kubaka kubera gutura mu maneka naho kuba baganirizwa kuri El Nino ngo ayo makuru ntarabageraho, akavuga ko abaturage baramutse bayiganirijwe bafata ingamba zo kwirinda ingaruka zayo.

Sylidio Sebuharara