Ibi ntibyikoze ni urugendo rurerure…

Dusubije amaso inyuma, ku Banyarwanda bakuze, cyane abakuriye mu Rwanda, ibijyane n’amashuri babyumva vuba ndetse cyane. Bibuka ko kubona ishuri nyuma y’abanza byari kibonumwe. Waba umuhanga cyangwa wagira ubumenyi bugereranyije, abenshi bigaga amashuri abanza bazi neza ko batazarenga umwaka wa gatandatu cyangwa umwaka wa munani bitewe n’igihe bigiye. Abatanga ubuhamya ni benshi bavuga inshuro basibiye mu myaka ya nyuma cyangwa se bagahindura amazina n’aho bigaga ngo hato babone ko ayo mahirwe yabageraho- dore ko bitanafatwaga nk’uburenganzira bwabo-, nyamara bagokera ubusa.

Muri iyo myaka yo hambere, wasangaga umuntu umwe wize ari uw’i bunaka, kwa runaka ku buryo uwo munyamashuri yabaga ikimenyabose, atari uko hari icyo yakoze kidasanzwe, ahubwo ari uko yashoboye kwiga amashuri akarenga abanza, kabone n’aho yaba yarize abiri cyangwa atatu yisumbuye.

Politiki mbi yagejeje u Rwanda kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, igaheza bamwe mu Banyarwanda hanze y’Igihugu, ni na yo mvano yo kubuza amahirwe benshi mu bana b’Abanyarwanda kwiga. Irondakoko n’irondakarere byari byaragizwe umuderi no mu burezi. Ubusumbane mu by’umutungo na bwo bwagiraga ingaruka no mu kubona cyangwa kubura ishuri. Cyaraziraga ko umwana uturuka mu muryango ukennye yahabwa umwanya mu mashuri yisumbuye mbere y’uvuka mu muryango wifashije.

Ibintu byaje guhinduka...

Nubwo mbere gato ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi uwabaye Minisitiri w’Amashuri Uwiringiyimana Agata yagerageje guhindura iyi politiki mu burezi, abanyeshuri binjiraga mu mashuri yisumbuye bakiyongeraho gato; uburezi budaheza kandi buha amahirwe angana buri mwana w’u Rwanda bwatangiye nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ubu mbagezaho iyi nkuru, ibintu byarahindutse cyane! Nta gasozi mu Rwanda utasangaho abize ndetse n’abaminuje rwose. Bisa n’aho nta muryango udafite umunyamashuri nk’uko babitaga…

Imibare irivugira: mu myaka 30 ishize umubare w’abanyeshuri, amashuri n’abarimu byikubye kenshi

Ubwinshi n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikorwaremezo mu rwego rw’uburezi bigaragaza impinduka ikomeye mu guteza imbere uru rwego. Binahura cyane n’umubare w’Abanyarwanda bize wazamutse ku buryo budashidikanywaho muri iyi myaka 30 ishize. Umubare w’abanyeshuri, umubare w’amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, amashuri ya tekinike,imyuga n’ubumenyingiro; amashuri makuru; umubare w’amashuri ya Leta n’afatanya na Leta ku bw’amasezerano; umubare w’amashuri yigenga n’umubare w’abarimu, byose byariyongereye cyane, nk’uko imibare dukesha Minisiteri y’Uburezi ibigaragaza.

– Amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye yikubye kabiri karenga. Mu 1994 yose hamwe yari 2,162 mu gihe mu mwaka w’amashuri 2021/22 yari amaze kuba 4,842. Muri yo, amashuri ya Leta n’afatanya na Leta ku bw’amasezerano yari 1994 ubwo Jenoside yabaga, arazamuka agera kuri 3,633 mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2021/22.

– Ubwo Jenoside yabaga, amashuri yigenga yose akubiyemo abanza n’ayisumbuye yari 168 naho muri 2021/22, aya mashuri yari 1,209.

– Mu gihugu hose, muri 1994, amashuri abanza yose hamwe yari 1882 afite abanyeshuri 1, 174, 448 bigishwa n’abarimu 19,906. Mu mwaka w’amashuri 2021, amashuri yari amaze kuba 3,831 afite abanyeshuri 2,742,901 bigishwa n’abarimu 63,046.

– Muri 1994 umubare w’amashuri yisumbuye harimo n’ayigishaga tekinike, imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (TVET)yose hamwe yari 280, arimo abanyeshuri 36,815 bigishwa n’abarimu 2,330. Mu mwaka w’amashuri 2021, aya mashuri yisumbuye arimo n’ayigisha tekinike, imyuga n’ubumenyingiro yabaye 2,377 arimo abanyeshuri 813,789 bigishwa n’abarimu 29,619.

– Umubare w’amashuri yose y’imyuga mu mwaka w’amashuri 1995/96 wari 71 arimo abanyeshuri 8,736. Mu mwaka wa 2021, umubare w’aya mashuri wari 422 yigamo abanyeshuri 83,458.

– Mu mwaka wa 1994, kaminuza y’u Rwanda n’ amashuri makuru , aya Leta n’ayigenga byari 7 yigamo abanyeshuri 3,728; n’aho ubu kaminuza n’amashuri makuru ni 39, yigamo abanyeshuri 95,863. Abarimu ba kaminuza y’u Rwanda bari 1,031 muri Mutarama 1991 mu gihe kugera muri Mutarama 2024 bari 1,930.

Hakozwe iki cyatumye ibi byose bigerwaho?

Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Leta y’ u Rwanda yakoze impinduka nyinshi mu burezi. Ihatse izindi ni uko abana b’u Rwanda bose bagira uburenganzira bumwe mu kubona uburezi bifuza. Muri make, dore zimwe muri politiki n’ingamba Guverinoma yagiye ishyiraho zafashije kuzamura umubare w’Abanyarwanda bize:

– Politiki y’Uburezi yaravuguruwe: Politiki y’uburezi Igihugu kigenderaho uyu munsi ishimangira ko buri mwana w’u Rwanda afite amahirwe angana n’uburenganzira bwo guhabwa uburezi. Iyi politiki inavuga ko nta mpamvu n’imwe ikwiye kubaho yabuza umwana w’u Rwanda kwiga: yaba ari ishingiye ku gitsina, ubumuga, akarere akomokamo cg ikindi icyo ari cyo cyose.

– Uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka icyenda n’uburezi bw’imyaka 12: Iyi gahunda yazamuye cyane umubare w’abana biga amashuri abanza, uw’abakomeza kugera mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye ndetse n’umwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye. Izi gahunda zanahesheje u Rwanda ibihembo kuko zazamuye cyane umubare w’abanyeshuri muri ibi byiciro.

Kubaka ibyumba by’amashuri mu buryo budasanzwe: Ku bufatanye n’ababyeyi, abafatanyabikorwa n’abikorera, Leta yakoresheje uburyo bwihariye mu kubaka ibyumba byinshi bishya kandi vuba bituma umubare w’ibyumba by’amashuri mu Rwanda ugera kuri 76,000 uvuye kuri 54,215 mu mwaka wa 2017. Ibi byagabanyije ubucucike mu cyumba cy’ishuri ndetse hakaboneka n’aho kwigira hashya dore ko n’umubare w’abanyeshuri wagiye wiyongera. Ibi kandi byanafashije kugabanya intera abanyeshuri bakora bajya cyangwa bava ku ishuri kuko hari ibigo bishya by’amashuri byatangijwe.

Izindi politiki zo mu rwego rw’uburezi zafashije Igihugu mu gutuma uburezi bugera kuri benshi harimo: gahunda yo gutangiza abana mu mashuri y’inshuke, kwita ku burere bw’umwana w’umukobwa by’umwihariko, kongera umubare w’amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu burezi. Gahunda yo gufatira ifunguro ku ishuri ku bana bose na yo yarafashije cyane kuko hari abana bataga ishuri kubera inzara, kutabona ibyo kurya bihagije, imirire mibi ndetse n’ubukene mu miryango abana bavukamo.

Politiki igenga amashuri makuru na yo yafashije mu gutuma abiga icyo cyiciro biyongera ku buryo bugaragara. Gahunda y’isuku na siporo mu mashuri na yo ituma abana biga barushaho kugira ubuzima bwiza no kongera umubare w’abitabira ishuri. Kwita ku burezi bw’ibyiciro byihariye birimo n’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’uburezi ku bakuze na byo byatanze umusaruro.

Guha agaciro umwuga w’uburezi na mwarimu muri rusange: Iyi na yo ni inkingi ikomeye mu gutuma uburezi bugenda neza. Imibereho ya mwarimu yitaweho by’umwihariko, aho umushahara wiyongereye ku kigero kiri hagati ya 50% na 88% bitewe n’ibyiciro abarimu bigishamo. Guverinoma kandi yashyizeho gahunda yo kongerera amahugurwa abarimu, gufashwa kwiga ku buryo bwihariye n’izindi ngamba zigamije kuzamura imibereho ya mwarimu.

Abarimu ntibabura kwishimira ko Leta igenda ishyiraho porogaramu zo kubafasha gukarishya ubumenyi no kubaha amahirwe yo gukomeza kwiga ibyiciro bitandukanye bya kaminuza. Buri mwaka abarimu 300 mu gihugu hose bahabwa buruse zo kwiga muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Koleji y’Uburezi. Ubu iyi gahunda imaze kugera ku barimu barenga 800 mu myaka 3.

Leta y’u Rwanda yishyura kimwe cya kabiri cy’amafaranga y’ishuri ku banyeshuri bose biga mu mashuri yisumbuye nderabarezi (TTCs).

Abanyeshuri bose bahitamo kwiga Kaminuza mu burezi ntibasabwa gusubiza amafaranga bishyuriwe igihe batangiye akazi nk’uko bikorwa ku bandi bize ibindi.

Minisiteri y’Uburezi yashyizeho kandi uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga butandukanye kugira ngo himakazwe gukorera mu mucyo n’imicungire iboneye y’abarimu.

Inzira ariko iracyari ndende

Nubwo ibikorwa remezo, umubare w’abanyeshuri, uw’abarezi n’uw’abize byazamutse ku rwego rushimishije, nk’Igihugu turacyafite inzira ndende mu rugendo rwo kubaka urwego rw’uburezi twifuza. Hari bimwe rero mbona bigikeneye gushyirwamo imbaraga:

Kwita ku ireme ry’uburezi: Dukeneye gukomeza inzira nziza Igihugu cyatangiye mu myaka 30 ishize ngo hato umubare w’abana biga utazasubira inyuma. Ubwinshi bw’abiga ariko bukwiye kujyana n’ireme ry’ibyo bigishwa. Dukeneye gukomeza kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi ku buryo koko kwiga bidasa no kurangiza umuhango. Dukeneye kongera imbaraga mu gukurikirana imyigire y’abanyeshuri ku buryo abiga mu rwego cyangwa icyiciro runaka basoza ayo mashuri bafite koko ubumenyi buhura n’ibyanditse mu nteganyanyigisho. Mu yandi magambo, dukeneye kuvugurura cyangwa kongera ireme mu burezi dutanga.

Guhuza ibyigishwa n’ibikenewe ku isoko ry’umurimo: Dukeneye kandi gukomeza kwigisha amasomo ajyanye n’ibikenewe ku isoko ry’umurimo hibandwa ku masomo yafasha gukemura ibibazo by’igihugu no kurushaho guteza umunyarwanda imbere no kwigira kw’igihugu. Bidasubirwaho, dukeneye kongera umubare w’amashuri n’abiga ubumenyi n’andi mashuri y’ubumenyingiro kuko bifasha mu kwihangira imirimo no gukemura ibibazo mu buryo bufatika.

By’umwihariko, Kaminuza n’amashuri makuru, mu mavugurura zikwiye gukora, harimo kureba niba koko zigisha ku buryo bugezweho ari mu birebana n’amasomo ariko cyane n’uburyo bwo kuyigisha. Ikoranabuhanga rikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga, aho abanyeshuri babona ibitabo n’inyandiko z’ubushakashatsi, amasomo, amasuzuma n’ibindi bifasha kwiga neza banyuze kuri mudasobwa, nk’uko izindi kaminuza ziri ku rwego mpuzamahanga zibikora.

Kaminuza zacu kandi ziracyafite urugendo mu gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo gukurikirana abanyeshuri no kubagira inama mu masomo biga n’uburyo bahitamo ibyo bazakora, cyane cyane zishyira imbaraga mu bigo bifasha imikurire y’ubunyamwuga (professional development/ career guidance). Ntibikwiye kubona umunyeshuri arangiza kaminuza nta cyerekezo cy’ubuzima afite, yiyumvamo gusa ko agiye kwiyongera mu mubare w’abashomeri.

Kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga mu burezi: Ikoranabuhanga na ryo rikwiye guhabwa umwanya w’umwihariko mu masomo yose kuko ryoroshya kandi rikanoza myinshi mu mirimo ikorwa. N’ubwo ubwenge bukorano(artificial intelligence) butazasimbura abantu burundu, abana b’Abanyarwanda bakwiye kubumenya no kumenya uburyo bunoze bwo kububyaza umusaruro dore ko ari na ho isi igenda igana harimo no mu gihe cyo gupiganira akazi.

Muri rusange, ireme ry’uburezi ntirikwiye kureberwa mu kumenya no gutora ibyo mu ishuri. Ntibivuga kumira bunguri ibyo mwarimu yigisha n’ibivamahanga gusa kuko twaba tukiri mu mutego w’umukoroni wigishaga bike agamije ko urangije ayo mashuri aba afite ubumenyi butuma aba umufasha mwiza w’umukoroni. Ireme ry’uburezi dukeneye ni irirenze kuvuga neza Icyongereza n’Igifaranga, nubwo ari ingenzi rwose. Dukeneye kurera abana b’ Abanyarwanda bafite ubwo bwenge buhahano ariko bataretse kuba abenegihugu nyabo.

Ireme ry’uburezi ribereye umwana w’umunyarwanda ni irituma anamenya amateka y’Igihugu cye, yumva iyo Igihugu kigana bikamutera ishyaka kandi agahihibikanira ko gitera imbere, aho kumira inyuguti n’imibare bizira indangagaciro! Mwene abo bize amashuri azira uburere ni bo Musenyeri Alexis Kagame avuga ko ari ibihindugembe!