Nubwo kandi Afurika ikize ku butaka bunini, ubukungu bwa peteroli, amabuye y’agaciro, amashyamba manini, ibyanya by’ubukerarugendo n’imigezi ishobora gutanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi ntibiyibuza guhora mu icuraburindi no gusabiriza mu bihugu bitunzwe n’umutungo bikura muri Afurika.

Dore muri make ibintu bitandatu bituma Afurika idatera imbere; nk’uko byakusanyijwe n’umunyamakuru wa Kigalitoday, Sylidio Sebuharara:

1.Kubura ubwisanzure muri politiki

Nyuma y’uko ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika bibonye ubwigenge, abahise bayobora ibihugu by’Afurika ntibari bafite uburambe mu buyobozi n’umurongo mugari bifuza kunyuzamo ibihugu byabo. Bagendeye ku miyoborere abakoloni kandi yari igamije gusahura, kubasenyera ubukungu n’umuco no kubakandamiza aho kubahuza no kububakira ibihugu ku buryo buhamye.

Nubwo ibihugu by’Afurika byabonye ubwigenge, ubwigenge byahawe ntibyigeze bishobora kubukoresha ahubwo byagumye bitegereje ubushobozi ku babitegetse aho kwikura mu bibazo byatewe n’ababiyoboye mu gihe cy’ubukoloni maze bituma barushaho kubayobora bibereye mu bihugu bakoresheje imitungo bakuye muri ibyo bihugu.

2.Afurika yafashwe nk’isoko ry’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere

Umugabane w’Afurika uzwi kugira ubukungu, ntiwigeze ushobora kubukoresha mu gukurura abashoramari no gushinga inganda zikomeye ngo ushobore kugurisha ibikorwa byawo mu mahanga. Umugabane w’Afurika wafashwe nk’isoko ry’ibihugu byateye imbere aho ibikoresho by’ibanze bikurwa muri Afurika ku giciro gito nk’amabuye y’agaciro, petelori, imbaho, bigatunganyirizwa mu bihugu byateye imbere bikagarurwa gucuruzwa muri Afurika ku biciro bihenze.

Abanyafurika benshi bariga barangiza kugira ubumenyi bakigira mu bihugu byateye imbere kandi baba barigishijwe n’umutungo w’ibihugu. Afurika ihorana igihombo cy’abantu bafite ubumenyi buhambaye maze ikiyambaza impuguke zo mu bihugu byateye imbere kuko abene gihugu bakabikoze bajyanwa mu bihugu byateye imbere bashukishwa ubuzima bwiza.

3.Ubuhinzi bw’Afurika butazamuka

Nubwo guhinga bifatwa nk’umwuga udakiza mu bihugu by’Afurika, mu bihugu byateye imbere ukorwa n’abantu bifite kandi bacye kandi bagashobora gutunga ibihugu byabo.

Muri Afurika ubuhinzi buravuna kuko hadakoreshwa ikoranabuhanga ryorohereza ababukora kandi ubumenyi bukoreshwa mu buhinzi buri hasi bigatuma n’umusaruro uvamo udatanga inyungu. Benshi mu bahinzi bo muri Afurika bahinga ibibatunga aho guhingira isoko.

Kuba Abanyafurika badakora ubuhinzi nk’umwuga bituma n’ibihingwa byabo bidahabwa agaciro ku masoko mpuzamahanga bigatuma amafaranga igihugu kinjiza ataba menshi.

4.Uburezi bw’Afurika bufite ikibazo

Muri Afurika uburezi bwaho ntibujyana no kwigisha hagamije gucyemura ikibazo kiriho, ahubwo uburezi bwo muri Afurika bwigisha ubumenyi busanzwe kugira ngo umuntu yumve ko yarangije kwiga bikajyana no kubona impamyabumenyi aho kwiga hagamijwe gucyemura ikiabzo no guhanga akazi.

Iki kibazo cy’uburezi bw’Afurika butuma benshi mu biga babura akazi kuko biga mu magambo aho kwiga gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo biga, ikindi abenshi bakiga biyumvisha guhabwa akazi aho kujya kugahanga.

Abanyafurika benshi biga amasomo ajyanye n’amagambo (théories) aho kujyana n’ibikorwa (pratique et techniques) ibi bituma abiga batagira ibyo bungura ku bihugu ahubwo bongera umubare w’abadafite akazi, bakagira uruhare mu myivumbagatanyo igihe babaye benshi mu bushomeri.

5.Umutekano mucye w’ibihugu by’Afurika

Nubwo Afurika yifitiye ibibazo by’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage niwo mugabane ubonekaho isoko ry’intwaro n’intambara zitarangira.
Amafaranga menshi yakazamuye ubukungu bw’Afurika akoreshwa mu bikorwa by’intambara n’aho zirangiye agakoreshwa mu gusana igihugu.

Ibihugu by’umugabane w’Afurika birwaye indwara yo kutarema amahoro ku buryo burambye, nibyubatswe nyuma y’igihe kinini birasenyuka kubera inyungu za bamwe. Abayobozi b’ibihugu by’Afurika ntibagira umuco wo guharirana ubutegetsi kuko benshi bagiyeho bumva batabuvaho kugeza biteye intambara.

Umuco wo kudaharirana no kumvikana kw’abayobozi bafatwa nk’imboni z’Afurika niwo ukunze gutera intambara. Ibihugu by’Afurika birambye mu mahoro n’iterambere bibarirwa ku mitwe y’intoki kuko n’ibyari bifashwe nk’ibyamaze kugira umuco w’amahoro arambye byagaragaye ko abayobozi babyo bikubira ubutegetsi n’umutungo w’igihugu abaturage bakahazaharira.

Intambara n’imiyoborere mibi y’ibihugu by’Afurika bikomoka gu gukuraho ubutegetsi ku buryo butemewe (coup d’Etat), kwikubira ubutegetsi ababuriho batifuza kubuvamo (succession dynastique), amatora adaciye mu mucyo (élections passablement démocratiques), imiyoborere y’igitugu, imibereho mibi y’abanyagihugu, amacakubiri y’amoko, guhezanya muri politiki no gushaka ubwigenge ku duce tumwe na tumwe twiyomora ku bihugu.

6.Ruswa

Ibihugu byateye imbere bitunga agatoki umugabane w’Afurika kudatera imbere kubera ruswa iwubarizwamo. Abayobozi benshi aho gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bemereye abaturage iyo bageze ku butegetsi barangwa no kwigwizaho imitungo bakibagirwa inyungu z’abanyagihugu.

Umugabane w’Afurika niwo uyobora urutonde rw’ibihugu birangwamo ruswa n’akarengane. Ruswa iterwa n’abayobozi batifitemo gukunda abo bayobora no kubahiriza inshingano zabo. Iyi ruswa ituma abakire barushaho gukira naho abakene bakarushaho gutindahara.

Amaraporo akorwa kuri ruswa k’umugabane w’Afurika avuga ko amafaranga menshi agera kuri kimwe cya kabili ry’ateganywa gukoreshwa muri Afurika agendera muri ruswa.

Muri Afurika, ubuyobozi bwiza sibwo butinda ku butegetsi ahubwo ubuyobozi butinda ku butegetsi ni ubufite imbaraga zo gutsikamira abo batavuga rumwe no kwitegura amatora neza bakayatsinda bibye cyangwa baguriye abaturage bakabatora atari uko babakunda ahubwo kubatinya.

Sylidio Sebuharara