Kuva mu bitekerezo by’abayobozi kugera ku buzima n’imibereho myiza by’abaturage

Ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, zari zimaze gushyira mu bukene Abanyarwanda bangana na 57% mu mwaka wa 2007(EICV2), barimo 38% bari bakennye bikabije ubwo Leta yashyiragaho gahunda kugeza ubu izwi n’abatuye imirenge yose igize Igihugu.

Nyuma y’imyaka 10 (muri 2017), ubwo hakorwaga ubundi bushakashatsi bwa gatanu ku mibereho y’ingo (EICV5), Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) cyagaragaje ko Abanyarwanda icyo gihe bari basigaye mu bukene bukabije bageraga kuri 16%.

Ubushakashatsi bwa gatandatu ku mibereho y’ingo (EICV6) bwari kuba bwarakozwe mu mwaka wa 2020 ariko bitewe n’icyorezo Covid-19 ntabwo byashobotse, nk’uko Ikigo NISR kibitangaza.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bukaba ari bwo bwari bwitezweho gutanga amakuru agezweho, yerekana aho igabanuka ry’ubukene mu Rwanda rigeze.

Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC) hamwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe guteza Imbere imishinga y’inzego z’ibanze (LODA), bavuga ko iryo gabanuka ry’ubukene ryatewe n’ibikorwa bya VUP, kandi ko urugendo rukomeje.

Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINALOC ushinzwe Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage, Assumpta Ingabire, avuga ko Umwiherero w’Abayobozi wo muri 2007 ari wo wateguriwemo Gahunda mbaturabukungu (EDPRS I) harimo na VUP.

Inkingi za VUP

Minisitiri Ingabire avuga ko VUP ihabwa ingengo y’imari buri mwaka kugira ngo ifashe abantu bo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’Ubudehe, hashingiwe ku nkingi umunani zashyizweho n’Ikigo LODA.

Izo nkingi zatangiranye na VUP ari ebyiri gusa muri 2008 hakorwa imirimo y’amaboko isanzwe hamwe no gutanga inkunga y’ingoboka.

Inkingi y’imirimo y’amaboko isanzwe ifite intego yo gutanga imirimo, hagamijwe korohereza ingo ziri mu bukene bukabije kubona iby’ibanze nkenerwa mu buzima, hamwe no gutera imbere ku buryo burambye.

Ni imirimo ikorwa mu rwego rwo kongera no kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo (nko kwita ku mihanda, kubungabunga ibidukikije, gukora amaterasi n’indi itanga akazi ku bantu benshi).

Abagenewe imirimo y’amaboko isanzwe muri VUP ba mbere ni ingo ziri mu bukene bukabije, ariko zifite nibura umuntu umwe ushobora gukora, zikaba zitari mu bahabwa inkunga y’ingoboka cyangwa ngo zikoreshwe imirimo y’amaboko yoroheje (Expanded Public Works).

Ni mu gihe inkunga y’ingoboka ya VUP, yo yagiriyeho gufasha ingo ziri mu bukene bukabije kubona iby’ibanze nkenerwa mu buzima (kurya, kwambara, kwivuza, icumbi) no kubafasha kwikura mu bukene.

Iyo nkunga ihabwa ingo ziri mu bukene bukabije zitabasha kwibonera iby’ibanze nkenerwa mu buzima), a) nk’izitagira umuntu n’umwe ushoboye gukora; b) izifite umuntu umwe ushoboye gukora ariko akaba afite inshingano zo kwita ku muntu ufite ubumuga bukabije, cyangwa uburwayi budakira butuma atabasha kwiyitaho atabonye ubimufasha (nko kwiyuhagira, kwigaburira, kujya mu bwiherero, n’ibindi).

Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 18 n’abayirengeje bakiri mu mashuri babarwa nk’abadashoboye gukora, na bo bakaba bahabwa inkunga y’ingoboka.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira inkingi zigize VUP zaje kwiyongeraho izindi esheshatu (6), ari zo imirimo y’amaboko yoroheje, imirimo ishingiye kuri serivisi z’ingo mbonezamikurire, hamwe no kwigisha imyuga.

Hari kandi inkingi y’inkunga y’ingoboka igenewe abagore batwite n’abana batarengeje imyaka ibiri babarizwa mu miryango ifite amikoro make (NSDS), hakaba inkingi yo kunganira abagenerwabikorwa mu mitungo ibyara inyungu, ndetse n’iya serivisi z’amafaranga (inguzanyo ziciriritse, ubukangurambaga mu mikoreshereze y’amafaranga no gutegura imishinga).

Mu gihe inzego z’ibanze ari zo zishyira mu bikorwa gahunda za VUP zose zijyanye no kurengera abatishoboye, LODA ni yo ifite inshingano zo gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga uburyo abagenerwabikorwa batoranywa, kugena ibizashingirwaho mu gutoranywa, kubaka ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze, gushaka amafaranga, gukurikirana abaterankunga ndetse no gukurikirana uburyo amafaranga agezwa ku baturage.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa LODA, Claudine Nyinawagaga, avuga ko Ingengo y’Imari ishyirwa muri VUP buri mwaka yahereye kuri miliyari umunani muri 2008, igenda yongerwa kugeza ubwo mu mwaka wa 2021/2022 igeze ku mafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyari 67.

Nyinawagaga avuga ko amafaranga ya VUP kugeza ubu amaze guhabwa imiryango isaga ibihumbi 300 mu Rwanda iri mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ubudehe, hashingiwe kuri za nkingi umunani zavuzwe.

Ubuyobozi bw’Uturere twa Nyarugenge, Nyamasheke na Gisagara

Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Emmy Ngabonziza, avuga ko abahabwa inkunga y’ingoboka kugeza ubu ari 853, abafite ingufu bahemberwa gukora imirimo y’amaboko ari 848, mu gihe abakora imirimo yoroheje y’igihe gito ari 164.

Ngabonziza avuga ko ibindi bitangwaho amafaranga ya VUP ari amarerero 48 arimo abana 720, b’ababyeyi birirwa bakora imirimo y’amaboko muri VUP mu Mirenge ya Mageragere, Kigali na Nyamirambo.

Avuga kandi ko amafaranga ya VUP yafashije abaturage bari mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ubudehe kubona igishoro, aho muri 2019 abagera ku 2531 barimo amatsinda 56, amakoperative 12 n’abantu ku giti cyabo 1893 bahawe igishoro kibafasha gukora imishinga ibateza imbere.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyamasheke, Mukamasabo Appolonie, avuga ko imiryango ifashwa na VUP yageze ku isuku n’isukura, harimo gahunda bise ’Sasa neza’, bakaba basigaye bazigama amafaranga yo kugura imifariso baryamaho.

Hari na gahunda yiswe ‘Ndi Urugero’ igamije gusukura mu nzu (gukurungira) mu rwego rwo kurwanya amavunja n’undi mwanda, kwishyura ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima, kwizigamira muri ‘Ejo Heza’, kugura imyenda bagasohokera mu bandi badafite ipfunwe, kwishyira mu matsinda yo kubitsa no kugurizanya kugira ngo babashe kwigurira amatungo cyangwa guhinga no kwiyubakira inzu zo kubamo.

Ubwo bari mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru mu mpera z’uyu mwaka ushize wa 2021 bavuga ku rugendo rwa VUP, Abayobozi b’Akarere ka Gisagara biyemeje ko mu myaka ibiri iri imbere nta muturage wo muri aka Karere uzaba adatunze inka.

Ibi babishingiye ku kuba mu mwaka umwe gusa wa 2021 aboroye inka bariyongereyeho 24.9% nk’uko byatangajwe n’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Gisagara, Rutaburingoga Jerôme.

Ubuhamya bw’abaturage

Uwambajimana Laurence, umubyeyi w’imyaka 42 y’amavuko ufite abana batandatu akaba atuye mu karere ka Nyamasheke mu murenge wa Macuba, avuga ko igihe yari atarashyirwa muri gahunda ya VUP yari arembejwe n’ubukene.

Uwambajimana afashwa na VUP binyuze mu nkingi yiswe inkunga y’ingoboka, igenewe abagore batwite n’abana batarengeje imyaka ibiri (NSDS), akaba yorora inkoko zitanga amagi yo kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira.

Agira ati “Narwazaga bwaki kubera ubukene bwanumaga mu rugo. Ariko aho ngiriye muri gahunda ya VUP bampaye inkokokazi ebyiri imwe irapfa, ariko iyasigaye itera amagi amwe nkayagurisha nkagurira umwana imbuto, indagara n’ibindi bikungahaye kuri vitamin. Inkoko na zo maze kugurisha inshuro ebyiri nkaguramo utundi mba nkeneye mu rugo”.

Umuturage witwa Nsengimana Telesphore ufite ubumuga bw’ukuboko, akaba atabasha kugira icyo yakora na gito, avuga ko umugore ari we uhembwa amafaranga buri kwezi binyuze mu nkingi ya VUP y’imirimo y’amaboko isanzwe.

Iyo gahunda itarashyirwaho, Nsenginana ngo yari umuntu usabiriza nk’abandi benshi bafite ubumuga, umugore we akaba ari we ujya guca inshuro kugira ngo babeho.

Ati "Ariko kuva najya muri VUP twatangiye kwatisha (gukodesha) imirima turahinga, dufite ibiribwa bihagije kandi narubatse inzu n’ubwo itaruzura neza, ubu nanjye abantu baza guca inshuro iwanjye".

Gasigwa Damien na we w’i Nyamasheke atangira ashimira Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul Kagame washyizeho gahunda ya VUP, agakomeza avuga ko aho ayigiriyemo yaruhutse ingendo zo kujya guca inshuro kure, yabonye inyambaro, afite inkoko, arimo kubaka inzu yo kubamo n’ubwo atarayirangiza.

Gasigwa agira ati "Nanjye nkora imirimo y’amaboko, byadukuye mu bukene bukabije kuko umugore wanjye yasabaga umunyu n’amavuta yo guteka, ariko ubu imirimo yo korora nshobora kuyivamo cyangwa nkayagura nkajya no mu bucuruzi".

Gasigwa avuga ko buri kwezi iyo yamaze kwizigamira muri Ejo Heza, atabura kubona nibura amafaranga ibihumbi 30 yo gukoresha imishinga yamuvana mu bukene, ku buryo ahamya ko mu myaka itatu iri imbere azaba atakiri mu cyiciro cy’abantu bafashwa.

Icyizere kuri Leta

N’ubwo nta bushakashatsi bwerekana imibare igezweho mu kugabanya ubukene mu Rwanda binyuze muri VUP (kuko ubuheruka ari ubwo muri 2017), Umuyobozi Mukuru wa LODA yizeye ko ku bufatanye n’inzego hamwe n’abaturage, mu mwaka wa 2024 nta bukene bukabije mu Rwanda buzaba bugihari.

Nyinawagaga agira ati “Turifuza ko muri 2024 tuzaba dusigaranye ikigero cy’ubukene kingana na zero n’ibice, mbese cyazaba kiri munsi ya 1%”.
Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINALOC, Ingabire, avuga ko mu rugendo rusigaye abaturage bagiye kuba abafatanyabikorwa aho kuba abagenerwabikorwa, ubuyobozi bukazajya bukorana na buri muturage bitewe n’icyo akaneye.

Ingabire avuga ko izindi ngamba zizafasha kugera ku ntego ya 0% y’ubukene bukabije muri 2024, harimo gukoresha abafatanyabikorwa ku baturage Leta itabasha kugeraho bose, kubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire nk’uko bikwiye, gukora ibikorwa byubahirije ubuziranenge kandi birengera ibidukikije.

Avuga kandi ko hazabaho guhanga imirimo myinshi ku rubyiruko, hamwe no gushyiraho ingamba zo guhangana n’ibiza byangiza ubuzima n’imitungo by’abaturage.