Nk’uko imibare igaragazwa na Sosiyete y’u Rwanda Ishinzwe Ingufu (REG) ibyerekana, ubu ingo zifite amashanyarazi zimaze kurenga miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 800; ingo zifite amashanyarazi afatiye ku muyoboro rusange zibarirwa ku ijanisha risaga 48.4% ndetse n’izikoresha amashanyarazi adafatiye ku muyoboro rusange yiganjemo akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zibarirwa ku ijanisha risaga 18.5%.

Uhereye mu mwaka wa 2010, usanga mu myaka 11 ishize, ingo zifite amashanyarazi mu Rwanda zimaze kwikuba inshuro zirenga esheshatu, aho zavuye ku ijanisha rya 10% zikagera kuri 66.8%.

Mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2020-2021, ingo zigera ku bihumbi 178 zahawe amashanyarazi afatiye ku muyoboro mugari, naho izigera ku bihumbi 72 zihabwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.

Uretse imishinga yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ngo agere hose, mu Rwanda hubatswe inganda nyinshi z’amashanyarazi maze ingano y’aboneka mu gihugu irushaho kwiyongera, ubu mu Rwanda hakaba haboneka megawati zisaga 238 ndetse ubu hari izindi nyinshi ziteganyijwe kwiyongeraho mu gihe gito kiri imbere.

Imishinga yo kongera ingano y’amashanyarazi mu gihugu

Mu mwaka wa 2009, u Rwanda rwari rufite amashanyarazi angana na megawati 89 gusa. Ubu ingano yayo imaze kwikuba inshuro zirenga ebyiri kandi hari n’imishinga ihari yo kubaka izindi nganda nyinshi z’amashanyarazi.

Umwe mu mishinga iri hafi kurangira ni uwo kubaka uruganda ruzabyara amashanyarazi akomoka kuri nyiramugengeri yo mu gishanga cy’Akanyaru mu Karere ka Gisagara. Uyu mushinga uzatanga megawati 70 zizongerwa ku muyoboro mugari. Muri Gashyantare 2016 nibwo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yasinyanye amasezerano n’Ikigo Hakan Madencilik Ve Elektrik Uretim San. Tic. A.S cyo muri Turikiya yo kubaka uru ruganda no kurubyaza amashanyarazi.

Undi mushinga uzongera amashanyarazi menshi mu muyoboro rusange w’u Rwanda ni uzayabyaza Gaz Methane mu kiyaga cya Kivu, umushinga wiswe Shema Power Lake Kivu Ltd (SPLK Ltd), ukazatanga megawati 56. Uyu mushinga uzatwara miliyoni zisaga 200 z’Amadolari, uri gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku bufatanye bwa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’iyi Sosiyete SPLK Ltd. Mu cyiciro cya mbere, uru ruganda ruzatanga megawati 14, hanyuma izisigaye zizongerwemo nyuma. Uru ruganda rugiye kwiyongera ku rwa KivuWatt rubyaza Gaz Methane megawati 26, rwubatswe n’ikigo cy’Abanyamerika, ContourGlobal, rwatashywe mu 2016.

Hari kandi undi mushinga wo kubaka urugomero rwa Rusumo uhuriweho n’u Rwanda, Tanzania n’u Burundi, uzatanga megawati 80 buri gihugu kigafata MW 26.7, ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 340 z’amadolari ya Amerika.

Mu yindi mishinga irimo gutegurwa ikazatangira vuba irimo uwo kubaka urugomero rwa Rusizi III rwitezweho gutanga megawati zigera kuri 206 zizagabanywa hagati y’’u Rwanda, u Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse n’Urugomero rwa Nyabarongo ya kabiri, ruzatanga megawati 43.5.

Imishinga yo kongera sitasiyo n’imiyoboro minini y’amashanyarazi

Ubu mu Rwanda habarirwa sitasiyo z’amashanyarazi zigera kuri 37 ziherereye mu bice bitandukanye mu gihugu. Izi sitasiyo zifasha mu kongerera imbaraga amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu.

Imwe mu miyoboro minini irimo kubakwa, twavuga umuyoboro ureshya n’ibirometero 84 uva Rusumo ukagera mu Bugesera uteganirijwe kuzazana amashanyarazi avuye ku rugomero rwa Rusumo. Hari kandi undi muyoboro ureshya n’ibirometero 35 uhuza sitasiyo Bugesera n’iya Shango nawo uzuzura mu gihe cya vuba.

Undi muyoboro munini urimo kubakwa uzavana amashanyarazi i Rubavu ku ruganda rwa Shema Power Lake Kivu Ltd (SPLK Ltd) uyahuze n’umuyoboro rusange anyuze Bwishyura, Kigoma kugera kuri sitasiyo ya Rwabusoro ungana n’ibirometero 75. Uteganijwe kuzuzura mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2022.

Hari kandi undi muyoboro uzahuza u Rwanda n’u Burundi uzafasha mu guhanahana amashanyarazi hagati y’ibi bihugu byombi. Uyu muyoboro ureshya n’ibirometero 64 uzaturuka i Kigoma mu Karere ka Ruhango, unyure i Nyanza, Save ndetse na Kibilizi muri Gisagara kugera ku mupaka. Uteganijwe kuzuzura ahagana mu mpera z’uyu mwaka.

Abatuye ahatagera imiyoboro boroherejwe kubona amashanyarazi

Ku bufatanye bwa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda na Banki y’Isi, hatangijwe umushinga wa nkunganire ku mashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, ushyirwa mu bikorwa ku bufatanye na Banki y’Iterambere y’u Rwanda (BRD).

Iyi gahunda imaze iminsi itangijwe, imaze gutuma abaturarwanda benshi basezerera icuraburindi kuko bunganirwa ku kiguzi cy’ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi hifashishijwe imirasire y’izuba (benshi bakunze kwita umurasire) maze bakabasha kubona amashanyarazi aho batuye.

Uyu mushinga wo kunganira abakeneye guhabwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba uzakorera mu duce twose tutagerwamo n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, hakurikijwe gahunda ya Leta y’imyaka irindwi yo kugeza amashanyarazi kuri bose.

Intego y’uyu mushinga ni ukorohereza ingo zisaga ibihumbi 370 kwigurira ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba. Hari igice cy’ikiguzi umushinga wishyurira umuturage uguze umurasire, hanyuma nawe agasabwa kwishyura uruhare rwe rusigaye kandi ahitemo ubwoko bw’umurasire ashatse bitewe n’ubushobozi afite bwo kwishyura.

Iyi Nkunganire itangwa ku bagenerwabikorwa bo mu cyiciro cya 1, icya 2, ndetse n’icya 3 cy’ubudehe. Ingano yayo igenwa n’icyiciro cy’ubudehe umugenerwabikorwa abarizwamo.

REG yagiranye amasezerano y’imikoranire n’ibigo bitandukanye mu Rwanda bicuruza ibikoresho bitanga aya amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, bikaba ari nabyo bijya bigurisha ibi bikoresho ku bifuza guhabwa aya mashanyarazi.