Gukoresha abana byiganje mu mirimo y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi nko kunoga icyayi, guhinga ibisheke, imirimo y’isarura no kuragira inka n’ingurube, ahandi abana bakoreshwa cyane ni nko mu nganda no mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Dufatiye urugero ku bakozi bo mu rugo ni hamwe mu higanje abana benshi, bakora akazi batarageza ku myaka yagenwe ngo umuntu atangire gukora akazi.

By’umwihariko abana b’abakobwa ni bo biganje muri ako kazi aho rimwe na rimwe banahuriramo n’ibibazo byo gucikiriza amashuri, kubasambanya n’ibindi bikorwa byinshi bibangamira uburenganzira bwabo.

Impamvu abakoresha bahitamo abana ni uko usanga baba bahembwa amafaranga macye ugereranije n’abandi bakozi, kubagenzura biroroshye ndetse rimwe na rimwe usanga nta gihembo baba bagenerwa uretse utuntu tw’uduhendabana rimwe na rimwe basimbuza ikiguzi cy’umurimo.

Mu bushakashatsi bwa Komisiyo y’igihugu y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, bwasohotse muri Gicurasi 2020, bwagaragaje ko impamvu za mbere abana bakoreshwa imirimo ivunanye ahanini biterwa n’ubukene butuma bajya gushaka aho bakora bikarangira bagiye mu mirimo itajyanye n’ikigero barimo.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu bana bakoreshwa imirimo yo mu rugo batagejeje igihe, 98% ni abakobwa muri bo abahembwa bakaba 72%, abandi baba bakora mu miryango aho byitwa gufasha ababyeyi.

Itegeko rivuga iki ku bakoresha akazi ko mu rugo n’indi mirimo abana batarageza igihe

Ubundi mu itegeko ry’umurimo imyaka fatizo yo gutangira gukora ni 16. Itegeko ry’umurimo ryo mu 2018 mu ngingo ya 5 ivuga ko imyaka fatizo yo gutangira gukora akazi ari cumi n’itandatu (16).

Rikomeza risobanura ko icyakora, umwana uri hagati y’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) na cumi n’itanu (15) yemerewe gukora gusa imirimo yoroheje mu rwego rwo kwitoza umurimo (Stage).

Ibi bisobanuye ko umuntu wese ukoresha umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 16 atari ku mpamvu zavuzwe haruguru aba akoze icyaha.

Hari imirimo yemerewe abana bitewe n’ikigero barimo 5-12

Umwana uri hagati imyaka 5-12 yemerewe gukora imirimo yo mu rugo idahemberwa nk’uko biteganwa n’ingingo ya 7 mu mabwiriza ya ministeri y’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo yerekeye gukumira no kurwanya imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana.

Zimwe mu ngero z’iyi mirimo ni izizikurikira:

Gutegura ifunguro ryo mu rugo, gufura imyenda, gutera ipasi, gukoresha umuvandimwe umukoro, gukora isuku mu rugo, gutuma umwana muri karitsiye, kwahira ubwatsi bw’amatungo, kuzana umusaruro mu murima, kuvoma amazi yo mu rugo, kudahira inka, gukama no gukamisha, koza ibikoresho byo mu rugo no gukuka.

Icyitonderwa: N’ubwo iyi mirimo umwana yemerewe kuyikora nk’uko biteganwa mu mabwiriza ya Ministeri y’Umurimo yasohotse mu 2017 , umwana yemerewe gukora iyi mirimo yavuzwe hejuru mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 20 mu cyumweru.

Ababyeyi cyangwa undi wese ufite inshingano zo kurera umwana afite inshingano zo kutamuvunisha mu kazi kavuzwe haruguru, umukoresha ukoresha iriya mirimo umwana ntibyemewe kuko itegeko rivuga ko bitemewe ko umwana akora iyi mirimo hanze y’umuryango.

Hari imwe mu mirimo yo mu rugo ifitiye inyungu umuryango umwana uri hagati y’imyaka itanu na cumi n’ibiri (5 -12) atemerewe gukora nko kuroba; guhiga; kubaka aho imyaka ihunikwa; kudoda; gusuka no kogosha;kwenga urwagwa, kuboha ibiseke n’ubucuruzi bwo mu muryango.

Umwana wo muri iki cyiciro cy’imyaka itanu na cumi n’ibiri (5 -12), ntiyemerewe gukora umurimo uwo ari wo wose wo hanze y’umuryango.

Imirimo umwana uri hagati y’imyaka 13-15 yemerewe

Nk’uko twabibonye hejuru umwana uri hagati y’imyaka 13 na 15, hari imirimo yemerewe gukora ariko ifitanye isano no kwimenyereza umurimo, iyo mirimo ni iyi ikurikira:

Umwana uri hagati y’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) na cumi n’itanu (15) ashobora gukora imirimo yoroheje n’imirimo yose yo mu rugo yavuzwe mu ngingo ya 7 y’aya mabwiriza usibye guhiga, kuroba no kwenga inzoga.

Imwe mu mirimo yo hanze y’umuryango yoroheje umwana uri muri iki cyiciro yemerewe gukora ni nko kwimenyereza umwuga; gukoresha mudasobwa; gucuruza amakarita yo guhamagara cyangwa Mituyu, gukora Televiziyo, Radio n’ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye; gutanga ibinyamakuru; gufasha umubyeyi cyangwa undi muntu.

Kwakira abakiliya mu iduka cyangwa ahandi hantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi cyangwa hatangirwa serivisi; gucuruza umuriro; amata; amakarita; Mobile Money (Mobayilomani); Interineti (lnternet) n’ibindi.

Hari kandi Guhura cyangwa gusya imyaka n’imashini yo mu rugo; gusuka; kogosha; kuboha ibiseke no Gucuruza.

Umwana uri muri iki cyiciro cy’imyaka n’ubwo yemerewe gukora iyi imirimo ariko ntiyemerewe kuyikora amasaha arenze mirongo ine (40) mu cyumweru.

Ibibujijwe ku bana bafite imyaka 16 bari mu kazi iyo batarageza ku myaka 18

Abana bafite imyaka 16 bari mu kazi bemerewe gukora imirimo yose nk’ikorwa n’abari hejuru y’imyaka 18, gusa ingingo ya 6 mu itegeko ry’umurimo rya 2018 iteganya ko imirimo ikurikira itemewe :

Abana batarageza ku myaka 18 ntabwo bemerewe gukoreshwa mu kazi imirimo ifite ubukana bubi ku buzima bwabo ndetse n’imirimo ishobora kwanduza ubuzima bwabo, guhungabanya umutekano cyangwa imitekerereze yabo.

Imwe muri iyo mirimo ibujijwe ni ikurikira:

1º Imirimo ihungabanya imiterere y’umubiri w’umwana.

2º Imirimo ikorerwa munsi y’ubutaka, munsi y’amazi kandi harehare cyangwa hafunganye, urugero nk’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

3º Imirimo ikoreshwa imashini n’ibikoresho bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyangwa isaba guterura no kwikorera umutwaro uremereye.

4º Imirimo ikorerwa ahantu hari ubushyuhe, ubukonje, urusaku, ibitigita n’ibindi byangiza ubuzima bw’umwana.

5º Imirimo ikorwa amasaha menshi, mu ijoro cyangwa ikorerwa ahantu hafunganye.

Ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi abakoresha bamenya ni uko umwana ukora afite imyaka (16) ariko atarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18), agomba guhabwa iminsi ibiri (2) y’akazi y’ikiruhuko buri kwezi kw’akazi.

Ibihano ku bakoresha

Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda mu ngingo ya 117 riteganya ko umukoresha ku giti cye uhamijwe n’urukiko icyaha cyo gukoresha umwana imirimo ivunanye cyangwa ibujijwe umwana utarageza ku myaka 18 aba akoze icyaha, iyo mirimo iteganwa mu ngingo ya 6 mu itegeko ry’umurimo.

Uwo icyaha gihamye ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka ibiri ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu, n’ihazabu y’amafaranga kuva ku bihumbi 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu.

Ni mu gihe sosiyete, ikigo cyangwa koperative bigaragayeho gukoresha umwana iyo mirimo ihazabu yikuba inshuro ebyiri, ni ukuvuga kuva kuri miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri miliyoni 10 z’Amafaranga y’uRwanda.

Ibihano ku babyeyi n’abarera abana

Umubyeyi wese uzakoresha umwana imirimo mibi cyangwa uzagaragaraho kutita ku nshingano ze bigatuma umwana we cyangwa uwo arera akoreshwa imirimo mibi azahanishwa kimwe mu bihano bikurikira:

Kwihanangirizwa mu ruhame mu nama y’umudugudu cyangwa ku muganda;

Gucibwa amande angana n’ibihumbi icumi (10,000 rwf) ku mubyeyi wese utita ku nshingano ze zo kwita ku burere bw’umwana we cyangwa uwo arera bikamuviramo kuba inzererezi no gukoreshwa imirimo mibi.

Ayo mande acibwa n’Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo ku rwego rw’Akarere cyangwa n’undi wese uri mu Rwego rw’Akarere rushinzwe gukumira no kurwanya imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana wabiherewe ububasha n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere; Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’ Akagali.